Mon·Feb 17, 2025Monday·February 17, 2025

1. 01*

   Effective theories for nuclei at high energies

   Oscar Garcia-Montero🇩🇪 · Sören Schlichting🇩🇪

   We discuss the application of the Color Glass Condensate (CGC), an effective field theory of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), to describe high-energy nuclear interactions. We first provide an introduction to the methods and language of the CGC, its role in understanding gluon saturation in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and RHIC, and its relevance in various scattering processes such as Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS). The application of the CGC effective field theory to describe hadron-hadron collisions is discussed in the scope of asymmetric \textit{dilute-dense} collisions, and Heavy-Ion Collisions in the \textit{dense-dense} limit. The review covers theoretical foundations, recent advancements, and phenomenological applications, focusing on using the CGC to determine the initial conditions of heavy-ion collisions.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thEPJA(2025)·19 citations
2. 02*

   Tomography of Pions and Kaons in the QCD Vacuum: Transverse Momentum Dependent Parton Distribution Functions

   Wei-Yang Liu🇺🇸 · Ismail Zahed🇺🇸

   We evaluate the pion and kaon transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) in the instanton liquid model (ILM), a model of the QCD vacuum at low resolution. The relevant TMDs are factored into a constituent quark distribution times a rapidity dependent soft factor from staple-shaped Wilson lines, for fixed parton longitudinal momentum and transverse separation. The results are evolved to higher rapidities using the Collins-Soper (CS) kernel and higher resolution using renormalization group evolution. The comparison to existing extractions of pion TMDs from Drell-Yan (DY) data is briefly discussed.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2025)·4 citations
3. 03*

   Prospects for observing chiral symmetry breaking in lepton colliders

   Maurice H.P.M. van Putten🇰🇷 · Maryam A. Abchouyeh🇰🇷

   Weak interactions in neutron $\beta$-decay exhibit parity violation through the preferential emission of right-handed antineutrinos. We identify this symmetry breaking with a reduction of phase space due to the small neutrino mass. During a brief interval of momentum exchange, a small mass neutrino puts the emission process close to the bifurcation horizon of Rindler space, doubly covered by Minkowski space $\mathcal{M}$ as dictated by the Equivalence Principle of general relativity. In the limit of arbitrarily small mass, this two-sheet covering effectively collapses into a single sheet, reducing the dimension of Dirac spinors from four to two, leaving neutrinos single-handed. This predicts a similar reduction to single-handed particle states in electrons created at TeV energies, which may be tested with the planned linear leptonic colliders. If confirmed, right-handed small mass neutrinos are expected to exist at sufficiently low energies.

   hep-ph0 citations
4. 04*

   The nonfactorizable QED correction to the ${\overline{B}}_s$ $\to$ $D_s^{(\ast )}\ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decays

   Yueling Yang🇨🇳 · Jiazhi Li🇨🇳 · Liting Wang🇨🇳 · Junfeng Sun🇨🇳

   Considering the nonfactorizable QED corrections, the branching ratios and ratios of branching ratios $R(D_s^{(\ast )})$ for the semileptonic ${\overline{B}}_s$ $\to$ $D_s^{(\ast )}\ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decays are reevaluated. It is found that (a) the QED contributions can enhance the branching ratios and reduce the ratios $R(D_s^{(\ast )})$. (b) The $SU(3)$ flavor symmetry holds basically well in the ratios $R(D)$-$R(D^{\ast })$ for the semileptonic charmed ${\overline{B}}_{u,d,s}$ decays. (c) The current theoretical uncertainties of branching ratios $\mathcal{B}({\overline{B}}_s\to D_s^{\ast }\ell {\bar{\nu }}_{\ell })$ from the form factors are very large.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·1 citation
5. 05*

   Sensitivity study of a sapphire detector using Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering process

   S. P. Behera🇮🇳

   The Indian Coherent Neutrino-nucleus Scattering Experiment(ICNSE) has been proposed at Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in India to measure the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering process using electron antineutrinos produced from reactors. Phenomenological studies are performed to find out the sensitivity of a sapphire detector for various fundamental physics parameters at an exposure of one year. Reactors of different core compositions, sizes, and thermal powers have been considered as sources of electron antineutrinos. The potential of the ICNSE to measure the weak mixing angle at a low energy regime has been extracted. Furthermore, the detector's capability has been investigated for examining the electromagnetic properties of neutrinos, including their magnetic moment. Additionally, an exploration has been conducted on the detector's sensitivity in restricting new interactions between neutrinos and electrons or nuclei, thereby constraining the parameter space related to light mediators. It is found that the ICNSE detector can put a stronger constraints on the scalar and vector mediators masses.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Insights on the Scale of Leptogenesis from Neutrino Masses and Neutrinoless Double-Beta Decay

   Alessandro Granelli🇮🇹 · Koichi Hamaguchi🇯🇵 · Maura E. Ramirez-Quezada🇩🇪 · Kengo Shimada🇯🇵 · Juntaro Wada🇯🇵 · Tatsuya Yokoyama🇯🇵

   We revisit the thermal leptogenesis scenario in the type-I seesaw framework featuring three heavy Majorana neutrinos with a hierarchical mass spectrum. We focus on low energy observables, specifically the lightest neutrino mass $m_{\nu }^{\mathrm{lightest}}$ and the neutrinoless double-beta decay effective mass parameter $m_{\beta \beta }^{\mathrm{eff}}$. In particular, we numerically calculate the minimum mass of the lightest heavy Majorana neutrino, $M_1^{\min }$, required for successful leptogenesis as a function of $m_{\nu }^{\mathrm{lightest}}$ and $m_{\beta \beta }^{\mathrm{eff}}$, considering both normal and inverted light neutrino mass orderings. Flavour effects are taken into account within the flavoured density matrix formalism. We also examine the interplay between fine-tuned cancellations in the seesaw relation and $M_1^{\min }$. Recent and forthcoming searches for neutrinoless double-beta decay, along with cosmological probes of the sum of neutrino masses, motivate this analysis, as they can provide key insights into the minimal scale of thermal leptogenesis and its broader implications.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·7 citations
7. 07*

   Nuclear modification of $B_c$ mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions based on a linear Boltzmann transport model

   Lejing Zhang🇨🇳 · Xiaowen Li🇨🇳 · Wen-Jing Xing🇨🇳 · Shanshan Cao🇨🇳 · Guang-You Qin🇨🇳

   The nuclear modification factor ($R_{\mathrm{AA}}$) of $B_c$ mesons in high-energy nuclear collisions provides a novel probe of heavy quark interactions with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Based on a linear Boltzmann transport model that incorporates both Yukawa and string types of interactions between heavy quarks and the QGP, we study the production and evolution of heavy quarks and $B_c$ mesons within the same framework. A $B_c$ bound state dissociates while one of its constituent heavy quarks scatters with the QGP with momentum transfer greater than its binding energy. The medium-modified charm and bottom quarks can recombine into $B_c$ mesons, and the medium-modified bottom quarks can also fragment to $B_c$ mesons. We find that most primordial $B_c$ mesons generated from the initial hard collisions dissociate inside the QGP. The production of $B_c$ mesons is primarily driven by the recombination mechanism at low transverse momentum and fragmentation at high transverse momentum. The string interaction dominates over the Yukawa interaction in the nuclear modification of $B_c$ mesons. The participant number dependence of the $B_c$ meson $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ is determined by the complicated interplay between the heavy quark yield, energy loss, and the QGP volume. We obtain a reasonable description of the $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ of $B_c$ mesons in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV, and provide predictions for Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2025)·2 citations
8. 08*

   Chiral symmetry restoration in QC_2D from effective model using the functional renormalization group

   G. Fejos🇯🇵 · D. Suenaga🇯🇵

   The order of the chiral phase transition in two-color and two-flavor QC${}_2$D is investigated using the functional renormalization group (FRG) technique in an effective model setting. We calculate the $\beta$ function of all couplings in the dimensionally reduced Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional with Pauli-Gürsey SU(4) symmetry. We compare results of the perturbative $ϵ$ expansion approach with those obtained via the FRG, evaluated directly in $d=3$ dimensions. The perturbative results suggest that the fixed-point structure is more intricate than that of three-color QCD, a conclusion further supported by the FRG analysis. Both methods display an infrared stable $O(6)$ fixed point at infinite axial anomaly; however, the FRG approach also reveals the existence of $U_A(1)$ anomaly-free fixed points, which can become infrared stable if the anomaly in the underlying theory vanishes at the critical temperature. These findings imply that the phase transition can be of second order, consistent with earlier findings for three colors.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
9. 09*

   C-parity, magnetic monopoles and higher frequency gravitational waves

   Rinku Maji🇰🇷 · Qaisar Shafi🇺🇸

   We consider the spontaneous breaking of $SO(10)$ grand unified symmetry to the left-right symmetric model $SU(3{)}_c\times SU(3{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R\times U(1{)}_{B-L}$ with C-parity also unbroken [$C$ converts $Q\to -Q$, where $Q$ is the electric charge operator in $SO(10)$.] This breaking produces the topologically stable GUT monopole as well as a GUT scale C-string. The subsequent breaking at an intermediate scale of C-parity produces domain walls bounded by C-strings, found by Kibble, Lazarides and Shafi. A limited number of inflationary $e$-foldings experienced during these breakings can yield an observable number density of primordial GUT monopoles. The C-strings also experience this inflationary phase, and the subsequent string-wall network decays through the emission of gravitational waves. We estimate the gravitational wave spectrum from these composite structures over a range of values of the domain wall tension $\sigma$. Depending on $\sigma$ the spectrum displays a peak in the higher frequency range between $10^2$ to $10^5$ Hz.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2025)·10 citations
10. 10*

    Enhancing anomaly detection with topology-aware autoencoders

    Vishal S. Ngairangbam🇬🇧 · Błażej Rozwoda🇵🇱 · Kazuki Sakurai🇵🇱 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧

    Anomaly detection in high-energy physics is essential for identifying new physics beyond the Standard Model. Autoencoders provide a signal-agnostic approach but are limited by the topology of their latent space. This work explores topology-aware autoencoders, embedding phase-space distributions onto compact manifolds that reflect energy-momentum conservation. We construct autoencoders with spherical ($S^n$), product ($S^2\otimes S^2$), and projective (${\mathbb{RP}}^2$) latent spaces and compare their anomaly detection performance against conventional Euclidean embeddings. Our results show that autoencoders with topological priors significantly improve anomaly separation by preserving the global structure of the data manifold and reducing spurious reconstruction errors. Applying our approach to simulated hadronic top-quark decays, we show that latent spaces with appropriate topological constraints enhance sensitivity and robustness in detecting anomalous events. This study establishes topology-aware autoencoders as a powerful tool for unsupervised searches for new physics in particle-collision data.

    hep-phcs.LGhep-exMach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2025)·7 citations
11. 11*

    Pion condensation versus 2SC, speed of sound, and charge neutrality effects in the quark-meson diquark model

    Jens O. Andersen🇳🇴 · Mathias P. Nødtvedt🇳🇴

    We employ the two-flavor quark-meson diquark model as a low-energy model for QCD at non-zero quark and isospin chemical potentials $\mu$ and ${\mu }_I$, and at zero temperature. We map out the phase diagram in the $\mu$-${\mu }_I$ plane, which has four phases: a vacuum phase, a phase with condensed charged pions/Cooper pairs of $u$ and $\bar{d}$ quarks, a normal quark matter phase, and a color superconducting phase (2SC phase). %In the 2SC phase, we study the effects of imposing color and %electric charge neutrality. The global symmetry breaking $SU(3{)}_c\to SU(2{)}_c$ in the 2SC phase gives rise to a number of Nambu-Goldstone bosons. We classify them and briefly discuss their properties. We calculate the speed of sound $c_s$ in the two special cases, finite ${\mu }_I$ and $\mu =0$, and finite $\mu$ and ${\mu }_I=0$. In both cases, the speed of sound exhibits a maximum and approaches the conformal limit from above as the density increases. For non-zero isospin ${\mu }_I$, this behavior is in agreement with the speed of sound obtained from lattice simulations. In the 2SC phase, the behavior is qualitatively the same if we impose local charge neutrality. Finally, we discuss the possibility of having a mixed phase of negatively charged normal quark matter and positively charged 2SC matter with global color charge neutrality imposed on the latter.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2026)·15 citations
12. 12*

    Recasting the ATLAS search for displaced hadronic jets in the ATLAS calorimeter with additional jets or leptons using surrogate models

    Louie Corpe🇫🇷 · Abdelhamid Haddad🇫🇷 · Mark Goodsell🇫🇷

    This note describes the validation of a new form of re-interpretation material provided by an ATLAS search for hadronically-decaying neutral long-lived particles in association with jets or leptons, using the full Run-2 dataset. This reference ATLAS analysis provided a set of machine-learning-based "surrogate models" which return the probability of an event being selected in a given channel of the analysis, using as input truth-level kinematic information (decay position, transverse momentum and decay products of the long-lived particles). In this document, we describe the surrogate model framework in detail, and how it responds to issues identified in other re-interpretation procedures. We describe independent validations of the surrogate models' performance in reproducing the original analysis results -- first using a standalone framework and then employing the HackAnalysis framework.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·2 citations
13. 13*

    Dark Matter Attenuation Effects: Sensitivity Ceilings for Spin-Dependent and Spin-Independent Interactions

    QUEST-DMC Collaboration: N. Darvishi🇬🇧 · J. Smirnov🇬🇧 · S. Autti🇬🇧 · L. Bloomfield🇬🇧 · A. Casey🇬🇧 · N. Eng🇬🇧 · P. Franchini🇬🇧 · R. P. Haley🇬🇧 · P. J. Heikkinen🇬🇧 · A. Jennings🇯🇵 · A. Kemp🇬🇧 · E. Leason🇬🇧 and 17 other authors

    Direct detection experiments aimed at uncovering the elusive nature of dark matter (DM) have made significant progress in probing ever lower cross-sections for DM-nucleon interactions. At the same time, an upper limit in the cross-section sensitivity region is present due to DM scattering in the Earth and atmosphere and as a result never reaching the detector. We investigate the impact of this effect for both spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions. In contrast to previous studies that assume a straight line path for DM scattering we employ a semi-analytic diffusion model that takes into account the impact of potentially large angle deviations prevalent for light DM masses. We find that for sufficiently low energy thresholds, this difference in modelling impacts the DM interaction cross-section sensitivity. This study evaluates the impact in the context of the QUEST-DMC experiment, which utilises surface-based detectors with superfluid Helium-3 bolometers to search for sub-GeV DM exploiting low energy threshold. At masses below 1 GeV$/c^2$ the deviation between the two frameworks becomes pronounced. The ceiling sensitivity limit for QUEST-DMC on spin-dependent DM-neutron cross-sections is $\sim 3\times 10^{-24}$ cm${}^2$ using the diffusive framework and approximately doubles with the straight-line path DM scattering. Similarly, for spin-independent DM-nucleon cross-sections, the ceiling limit is $\sim 7.5\times 10^{-27}$ cm${}^2$ under the diffusive framework and also increases about a factor of two with the straight-line path approximation, within the mass range of 0.025-5 GeV$/c^2$.

    hep-phhep-exJCAP(2025)·7 citations
14. 14*

    Effective theory of light Dirac neutrino portal dark matter with observable $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$

    Debasish Borah🇮🇳 · Satyabrata Mahapatra🇰🇷 · Dibyendu Nanda🇯🇵 · Sujit Kumar Sahoo🇮🇳 · Narendra Sahu🇮🇳

    We study the possibility of light Dirac neutrino portal dark matter (DM) in an effective field theory setup. Dirac nature of light neutrino automatically includes its right chiral part ${\nu }_R$ which, in our setup, also acts like a portal between DM and the standard model (SM) particles. Considering a Dirac fermion singlet DM stabilized by an unbroken $Z_2$ symmetry, we write down all possible dimension-6 effective operators involving DM-${\nu }_R$ as well as ${\nu }_R$-SM which conserve $Z_2$, global lepton number and SM gauge symmetries. DM thermalization also ensures the thermalization of ${\nu }_R$, leading to enhanced effective relativistic degrees of freedom $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$, within reach of future cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments. We study the complementarity among DM and CMB related observations for different Lorentz structures of effective operators. We also propose a UV complete gauged $\mathrm{B}-\mathrm{L}$ symmetric model with Dirac neutrino portal dark matter.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2025)·12 citations
15. 15*

    Searching for the $2^{+}$ partner of the $T_{cs0}(2870)$ in the $B^{-}\to D^{-}{D}^0{K}_S^0$ reaction

    Jing Song🇨🇳 · Zi-Ying Yang🇨🇳 · Eulogio Oset🇪🇸

    We study the $B^{-}\to D^{-}{D}^0{K}_S^0$ reaction, recently analyzed by the LHCb collaboration, where a clear signal for the exotic $T_{cs0}(2870)$ state has been reported. We call the attention to a small peak in the $D^0{K}_S^0$ mass distribution that could correspond to a state of the same nature as the $T_{cs0}(2870)$ ($D^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ nature in the molecular picture) but with $J^P=2^{+}$. In order to magnify the signal for the state, we calculate the moments of the angle-mass distribution, which are linear in the resonance signal, rather than quadratic for the angle integrated mass distribution. We find spectra for the moments with a strength far bigger than that for the angle integrated mass distribution, which should encourage the evaluation of these moments from the present measurements of the reaction.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
16. 16*

    Dark sector searches with high-intensity positron beams in the CERN North Area

    F. Arias-Aragón🇮🇹 · L. Darmé🇫🇷 · R. Gargiulo🇮🇹 · G. Grilli di Cortona🇮🇹 · V. Kozhuharov🇧🇬 · E. Nardi🇮🇹 · M. Raggi🇮🇹 · T. Spadaro🇮🇹 · P. Valente🇮🇹

    Dark sector models present a rich phenomenology that requires high-intensity beams and precision detectors for thorough exploration. The NA62 experiment has already published several constraints on dark sector models, leveraging proton beam dump and meson decay techniques. This proposal aims to demonstrate the NA62 detector discovery potential for dark sector candidates by using the positron-on-target technique. High-intensity secondary positron beams, reaching up to ~150 GeV energy, have already been produced at the North Area extracted beam lines. If a positron beam with an intensity in the range of 2$\times 10^{1}4$ positrons on target per year is delivered, the NA62 detector would be ideal for searches of dark sector particles in both visible and invisible decay channels. Additionally, positron on target collisions would enable precision measurements of key standard model observables, including a detailed scan of $\sigma (e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ and $\sigma (e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$) at the di-pion and di-muon production threshold, with discovery potential for the True Muonium (${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$) bound state.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·3 citations
17. 17*

    Modeling of acceleration in heavy-ion collisions: occurrence of temperature below the Unruh temperature

    G. Yu. Prokhorov🇷🇺 · D. A. Shohonov🇷🇺 · O. V. Teryaev🇷🇺 · N. S. Tsegelnik🇷🇺 · V. I. Zakharov🇷🇺

    It has recently been shown that extremely strong electric fields can be created in central collisions of heavy ions, due to which the Schwinger effect can be significant. A direct analogue of the electric field in hydrodynamics is the acceleration of the medium. Using the parton-hadron-string dynamics (PHSD) framework we model the Au-Au collisions at intermediate collision energies $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=4.5-11.5$GeV and obtain the spatial distribution of acceleration at different time moments. The present study demonstrates that extremely high acceleration of the order of 1 GeV may be generated in both central and non-central collisions, and that the distribution exhibits a core-corona structure. Consequently, in contrast to the case with an electric field, the Unruh effect is expected to be significant. It is demonstrated that for the confined phase the temperature is less than the Unruh temperature. Conversely, in the deconfined phase, the relationship is inverse. The obtained results thus support the prediction about the existence of states with $T<T_U$ at the early stages of the collision and the associated complementary description of thermalization in terms of the novel phase transition at the Unruh temperature.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thPRC(2025)·16 citations
18. 18*

    Reconstructing neutrinoless double beta decay event kinematics in a xenon gas detector with vertex tagging

    NEXT Collaboration: M. Martínez-Vara🇪🇸 · K. Mistry🇺🇸 · F. Pompa🇪🇸 · B.J.P. Jones🇺🇸 · J. Martín-Albo🇪🇸 · M. Sorel🇪🇸 · C. Adams🇺🇸 · H. Almazán🇬🇧 · V. Álvarez🇪🇸 · B. Aparicio🇪🇸 · A.I. Aranburu🇪🇸 · L. Arazi🇮🇱 and 98 other authors

    If neutrinoless double beta decay is discovered, the next natural step would be understanding the lepton number violating physics responsible for it. Several alternatives exist beyond the exchange of light neutrinos. Some of these mechanisms can be distinguished by measuring phase-space observables, namely the opening angle $\cos \theta$ among the two decay electrons, and the electron energy spectra, $T_1$ and $T_2$. In this work, we study the statistical accuracy and precision in measuring these kinematic observables in a future xenon gas detector with the added capability to precisely locate the decay vertex. For realistic detector conditions (a gas pressure of 10 bar and spatial resolution of 4 mm), we find that the average $\overline{\cos \theta }$ and $\overline{T_1}$ values can be reconstructed with a precision of 0.19 and 110 keV, respectively, assuming that only 10 neutrinoless double beta decay events are detected.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.ins-detJHEP(2025)·2 citations
19. 19*

    Hamiltonians to all Orders in Perturbation Theory and Higher Loop Corrections in Single Field Inflation with PBHs Formation

    Hassan Firouzjahi🇮🇷 · Bahar Nikbakht🇮🇷

    We calculate the action and the interaction Hamiltonians to all orders in perturbation theory in the model of single field inflation with a transient ultra slow-roll phase. Employing the formalism of EFT of inflation, we obtain a compact non-perturbative expression for the interaction Hamiltonian in terms of the Goldstone field $\pi$ in the decoupling limit. In addition, we also present a non-linear relation between $\pi$ and the curvature perturbations to all orders in perturbation theory. These are powerful results which enable us to calculate the cosmological correlators and loop corrections to any order in perturbation theory. As a non-trivial example, we calculate the $L$-loop corrections on long CMB scale perturbations in the USR models which are used for PBHs formation. We show that the loop corrections scale like $(\Delta N{\mathcal{P}}_{e}L{)}^L$ in which ${\mathcal{P}}_e$ is the peak of the power spectrum and $\Delta N$ is the duration of the USR phase. This indicates that the loop corrections grow quickly out of perturbative control for large values of $L$. In the conventional USR setup for PBHs formation with $\Delta N\simeq 2.5$, this happens at $L=4$.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2026)·16 citations
20. 20*

    Warp Drive in a De Sitter Universe

    Remo Garattini🇮🇹 · Kirill Zatrimaylov🇮🇹

    Generalizing the result of H. Ellis who embedded a warp bubble in the background of a black hole, we introduce a warp bubble in a de Sitter universe. We show that under certain conditions (namely, that the bubble is moving in the radial direction at a velocity equal to the speed of the expansion of the universe), it is possible for the bubble to have strictly non--negative energy density, with the weak and null energy satisfied up to a total divergence term that averages to zero. We discuss the implications of this result and its possible applications to models of dark energy like "dark fluid" and quintessence, as well as to physical systems like Casimir cavities and analogue gravity setups.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-th3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.