Tue·Jan 21, 2025Tuesday·January 21, 2025

1. 01*

   The role of the chiral anomaly in polarized deeply inelastic scattering III: Wess-Zumino-Witten contributions and chiral Ward identities for finite quark mass

   Andrey Tarasov🇺🇸 · Raju Venugopalan🇺🇸

   We extend our prior results on the worldline computation of the axial vector-vector-vector (AVV) triangle anomaly in polarized deeply inelastic scattering (DIS) to the finite mass case by computing in addition the pseudoscalar-vector-vector (PVV) triangle graph. For the well-studied QED case, we show explicitly how the off-forward AVV pole exactly cancels an identical PVV pole. We then demonstrate the dramatic difference in QCD due to the chiral condensate, which qualitatively modifies anomalous Ward identities. As in the massless case, the anomaly pole in QCD is canceled by the dynamics of a primordial isosinglet pseudoscalar $\bar{\eta }$-meson, whose Wess-Zumino-Witten coupling to the topological charge density shifts the pole to the physical ${\eta }^{\prime }$ mass, with the finite quark mass contribution differing by $O(10\%)$ from the Witten-Veneziano formula. We obtain a compact analytic expression for the finite mass corrections to Shore and Veneziano's result that the proton's net quark helicity $\Delta \Sigma \propto \sqrt{{\chi }_{\mathrm{QCD}}^{\prime }{|}_{m=0}(0)}$, the forward slope of the topological susceptibility in the chiral limit, and show they are of the order of a few percent. Our prior prediction that the polarized DIS structure function $g_1$ is quenched by sphaleron-like topological transitions at small $x$ is unaffected by quark mass effects. Our results illustrate how worldline computations of anomalous processes, in synergy with lattice computations and nonet chiral perturbation theory, can uncover novel nonperturbative features of QCD at the Electron-Ion collider.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·15 citations
2. 02*

   Bayesian Inferring Nucleon's Gravitation Form Factors via Near-threshold $J/\psi$ Photoproduction

   Yuxun Guo🇺🇸 · Feng Yuan🇺🇸 · Wenbin Zhao🇺🇸

   With Bayesian inference, we investigate the impact of recent near-threshold $J/\psi$ production measurements by the $J/\psi$ 007 experiment and GlueX collaboration on the extraction of proton's gravitational form factors. We apply the generalized parton distribution framework at the next-to-leading order and demonstrate a stable expansion for the near-threshold kinematics. We find that the experimental constraints are in good agreement with the state-of-the-art lattice simulations, where negative $C_q(t)$ and $C_g(t)$ are strongly preferred. This highlights a great potential to extract them from future high-precision experiments.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRL(2025)·32 citations
3. 03*

   Resummation of threshold double logarithms in inclusive production of heavy quarkonium

   Hee Sok Chung🇰🇷 · U-Rae Kim🇰🇷 · Jungil Lee🇰🇷

   We resum threshold double logarithms in inclusive production of heavy quarkonium that arise from singularities near the boundary of phase space. This resolves the catastrophic failure in the conventional approach based on fixed-order perturbation theory calculations in nonrelativistic QCD, where quarkonium cross sections at large transverse momentum can turn negative. We identify the root cause of this negative cross section problem as the appearance of threshold logarithms in radiative corrections, and resum them to all orders in perturbation theory at the leading double logarithmic level. We find that resummation of threshold logarithms is imperative for describing measured $J/\psi$ production rates at large transverse momentum.

   hep-phPoS(2025)·2 citations
4. 04*

   New Strategies for New Physics Search with ${\Lambda }_b\to \Lambda \nu \bar{\nu }$ Decays

   Wolfgang Altmannshofer🇺🇸 · Sri Aditya Gadam🇺🇸 · Kevin Toner🇺🇸

   We examine the new physics sensitivity of the rare decay ${\Lambda }_b\to \Lambda \nu \bar{\nu }$ which can be accessible at future $Z$-pole machines like FCC-ee and CEPC. We find that the longitudinal polarization of ${\Lambda }_b$ baryons produced in $Z$ decays introduces a novel observable, the forward-backward asymmetry $A_{\text{FB}}^{\uparrow }$ in the angle between the outgoing $\Lambda$ momentum and the ${\Lambda }_b$ spin. We provide Standard Model predictions for the ${\Lambda }_b\to \Lambda \nu \bar{\nu }$ branching ratio and $A_{\text{FB}}^{\uparrow }$, and show that future precision measurements of these observables are complementary and probe new physics scales comparable to other $b\to s\nu \bar{\nu }$ and $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ processes. We also show that the zero crossing of the forward-backward asymmetry offers a robust test of form factor calculations independent of new physics.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·15 citations
5. 05*

   Multi-scale Optimal Transport for Complete Collider Events

   Tianji Cai🇺🇸 · Nathaniel Craig🇺🇸 · Katy Craig🇺🇸 · Xinyuan Lin🇺🇸

   Building upon the success of optimal transport metrics defined for single collinear jets, we develop a multi-scale framework that models entire collider events as distributions on the manifold of their constituent jets, which are themselves distributions on the ground space of the calorimeter. This hierarchical structure of optimal transport effectively captures relevant physics at different scales. We demonstrate the versatility of our method in two event classification tasks, which respectively emphasize intra-jet substructure and inter-jet spatial correlations. Our results highlight the relevance of a nested structure of manifolds in the treatment of full collider events, broadening the applicability of optimal transport methods in collider analyses.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Complete analytical solution to the Cornell potential and heavy quarkonium structure

   M. Napsuciale🇲🇽 · S. Rodríguez🇲🇽 · A.E. Villanueva-Gutiérrez🇲🇽

   We use the recently proposed supersymmetric expansion algorithm (SEA) to obtain a complete analytical solution to the Schrödinger equation with the Cornell potential. We find that the energy levels $E_{nl}(\lambda )$ depend on $n^2$ and $L^2=l(l+1)$. For a given $n$, the energy {\emph {decreases}} with $l$ and the radial probabilities have the Coulomb shape but their peaks are shifted toward smaller radius. We study the heavy quarkonium structure on the light of these results, showing that the measured $\bar{b}b$ and $\bar{c}c$ meson masses follow the inverted spectrum pattern predicted by the Cornell potential. Details of the structure of heavy quarkonium like the mean inverse radius and mean squared velocity for the different quarkonium configurations can be obtained from our solution. These details point to significant relativistic corrections for all the configurations of real heavy quarkonium. We calculate relativistic corrections using perturbation theory finding an expansion in ${\alpha }_s^2$ for the heavy quarkonium masses. The mass hierarchies in the fine splittings can be qualitatively understood from this expansion. The quantitative analysis of the Bohr-like levels and of the fine splittings in the $l=0$ sector allow us to make well defined predictions for the masses of some of the missing heavy quarkonium states, to identify the $\psi (4040)$ as the $3^3{S}_1$ $\bar{c}c$ state and the $\psi (3842)$, $\psi (3823)$ and $\psi (3770)$ as the $3^3{D}_3$, $3^3{D}_2$ and $3^3{D}_1$ $\bar{c}c$ states respectively.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
7. 07*

   Probing New Physics from Neutrinos at Dark Matter Direct Detection Experiments

   Gonzalo Herrera🇺🇸

   Dark matter direct detection experiments have become excellent low-energy neutrino detectors. We present a few novel ideas to probe Beyond the Standard Model physics from neutrinos at these experiments. First, we discuss signatures arising from the Migdal effect induced by solar neutrinos via Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scatterings (CE$\nu$NS) at the detector. Second, we discuss that placing a radioactive source near a liquid xenon detector may allow to observe the anapole moment of neutrinos expected in the Standard Model via neutrino-electron scattering. Third, we point out that neutrinos coupled to a light dark sector charged under a dark $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ symmetry could feature enhanced electromagnetic properties at the loop-level. We further discuss the testability of this scenario with direct detection experiments sensitive to solar neutrinos.

   hep-phhep-ex3 citations
8. 08*

   Exploring the two-body strong decay properties of the possible ${\Lambda }_c{K}^{\ast }$ and ${\Sigma }_c{K}^{(\ast )}$ molecules

   Jin-yu Huo🇨🇳 · Rui Chen🇨🇳

   In this work, we apply the effective Lagrangian approach to investigate the two-body strong decay behaviors of the possible ${\Lambda }_c{K}^{\ast }$ and ${\Sigma }_c{K}^{(\ast )}$ molecules, as predicted in our previous study [\href{https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.054011}{Phys. Rev. D \textbf{108}, 054011 (2023)}]. Our results indicate that the decay width for the coupled ${\Sigma }_{c}K/{\Lambda }_c{K}^{\ast }/{\Sigma }_c{K}^{\ast }$ molecule with $I(J^P)=1/2(1/2^{-})$ is on the order of several MeV, with the $D_{s}N$ channel being dominant. For the coupled ${\Lambda }_c{K}^{\ast }/{\Sigma }_c{K}^{\ast }$ molecule with $1/2(1/2^{-},3/2^{-})$, the decay widths are on the order of tens of MeV, with the dominant channels being ${\Sigma }_{c}K$ and ${\Sigma }_c^{\ast }K$, respectively. For the ${\Sigma }_c{K}^{\ast }$ molecules with $1/2(1/2^{-})$, the decay width can reach one hundred MeV, with ${\Sigma }_{c}K$ and ${\Lambda }_{c}K$ being the dominant decay channels. The decay widths for the ${\Sigma }_c{K}^{\ast }$ molecules with $1/2(3/2^{-})$ and $3/2(1/2^{-})$ are on the order of tens of MeV, with the dominant decay modes being ${\Sigma }_c^{\ast }K$ and ${\Sigma }_{c}K$, respectively. The branching ratios for all the discussed channels show little dependence on the binding energies.

   hep-phCPC(2025)·0 citations
9. 09*

   Revisiting heavy-flavor conserving weak decays of charmed baryons within the nonrelativistic quark model

   Yu-Shuai Li🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

   In this work, we investigate the heavy-flavor conserving weak decays of charmed baryons, specifically the processes ${\Xi }_c\to {\Lambda }_c\pi$ and ${\Omega }_c\to {\Xi }_c\pi$, where the pole model is employed to account for the nonfactorizable contributions. Additionally, the nonperturbative parameters involved are determined within the framework of the nonrelativistic quark model, utilizing exact baryon wave functions obtained by solving the Schrödinger equation with a nonrelativistic potential. By considering the mixing angle $\theta \in (24.4^{\circ },32.4^{\circ })$ for ${\Xi }_c-{\Xi }_c^{\prime }$ mixing, we find that the experimental data can be effectively reproduced. Furthermore, we estimate the branching ratios: $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Lambda }_c^{+}{\pi }^0)=(8.69\sim 9.79)\times 10^{-3}$, $\mathcal{B}({\Omega }_c^0\to {\Xi }_c^{+}{\pi }^{-})=(11.3\sim 12.1)\times 10^{-3}$, and $\mathcal{B}({\Omega }_c^0\to {\Xi }_c^{+}{\pi }^0)=(4.67\sim 5.23)\times 10^{-3}$. These predictions can be tested in ongoing experiments at LHCb, Belle II, and BESIII.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
10. 10*

    Direct Evidence for the $\bar{D}{D}^{\ast }/D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ Molecular Nature of $G(3900)$ Through Triangular Singularity Mechanisms

    Yin Huang🇨🇳 · Xurong Chen🇨🇳

    The exotic hadron $G(3900)$, initially observed in the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to D\bar{D}$, has been further supported by analyses from the BESIII Collaboration, which classify it as a $P$-wave molecular state of $D^{+}{D}^{\ast -}/D^{-}{D}^{\ast +}$. However, theoretical discussions raise concerns about its status as a true particle, emphasizing the need for additional studies. In this Letter, we employ the triangular singularity mechanism to investigate $G(3900)$ across various reaction channels, allowing us to produce significant peaks without relying on the existence of a real particle. We identify $X(4020)$, $Y(4320)$, and the tentative $X(4014)$ as potential sources of these peaks via decay processes to $\gamma G(3900)$ or $\pi G(3900)$. We stress the importance of experimental explorations of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to X/Y\to \gamma (\pi )G(3900)$, which are essential for confirming the molecular composition of $D^{+}{D}^{\ast -}/D^{-}{D}^{\ast +}$ and refining the mass measurement of $G(3900)$.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-th7 citations
11. 11*

    Strange quark stars in modified vector MIT bag model: role of $\rho$ and $\varphi$ mesons

    Mukul Wadhwa🇮🇳 · Manisha Kumari🇮🇳 · Arvind Kumar🇮🇳

    In the present work, we study the properties of strange quark stars (SQSs) using the vector MIT bag model with modification in vector channels. Unlike recent studies which only consider interactions through $\omega$ mesons, we analyze the possibility of $\rho$ and $\varphi$ vector channels. We consider two types of higher order non-linear self-interaction terms for the vector mesons. With these modifications, we computed the equation of state (EoS) and mass-radius of strange stars for different values of vector coupling strength. Considerations of $\rho$ and $\varphi$ vector mesons along with $\omega$, as well as an increase in the strength of vector coupling $g_v$, enhance the mass and radius of SQSs. For two kind of non-linear self-interactions of vector mesons considered in the present calculations, we observe the SQSs with maximum mass $2.48$ and $2.42M_{\odot }$ for the vector coupling $g_v=3$. Corresponding radii of these SQSs are found to be $12.27$ and $12.18$ km, respectively. We also calculate the tidal deformability parameter $\Lambda$, the Love number $k_2$ and the gravitational redshift of SQSs. The tidal deformability parameter $\Lambda$ is observed to increase with $g_v$, with appreciable effect for low mass stars.

    hep-phPLB(2025)·4 citations
12. 12*

    Super-critical primordial black hole formation via delayed first-order electroweak phase transition

    Katsuya Hashino🇯🇵 · Shinya Kanemura🇯🇵 · Tomo Takahashi🇯🇵 · Masanori Tanaka🇨🇳 · Chul-Moon Yoo🇯🇵

    The delay of the first-order electroweak phase transitions (EWPT) may lead to the emergence of baby universes inside wormhole structures due to the large vacuum energy density in false vacuum domains. Observers outside the false vacuum domains observe them as primordial black holes (PBHs), categorized as super-critical PBHs. We specifically investigate the dynamics of PBH formation due to delayed first-order EWPTs by solving the equations of bubble wall dynamics. We numerically confirm that such super-critical PBHs can be formed by the delayed first-order EWPT assuming spherically symmetric false vacuum domains with the thin-wall approximation for its boundary. Our numerical results show that a PBH formation criterion utilizing characteristic timescales is more appropriate than the conventional criterion based on density fluctuations. Employing our numerical results, we update the parameter regions of new physics models which can be explored by current and future constraints on the PBH abundance.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJCAP(2025)·27 citations
13. 13*

    Below the Schwinger critical magnetic field value, quantum vacuum and gamma-ray bursts delay

    Iver H. Brevik🇳🇴 · Moshe M. Chaichian🇫🇮 · Anca Tureanu🇫🇮

    A magnetic field above the Schwinger critical value $B_{\mathrm{crit}}=10^9$ Tesla is much higher than any magnetic field known by now in the interstellar bulk except in the vicinity of observed magnetars with magnetic fields between $10^9$ and $10^{11}$Tesla. Above the critical magnetic field, calculated by Schwinger in the lowest order perturbation in quantum electrodynamics (QED), one reaches the threshold for electron-positron pair creation, which has interesting consequences. Therefore, finding out whether one could encounter some consequences of interest also for the values of the magnetic field below the Schwinger critical point, we invoke the next higher-order effect in QED, which is emerging from the Quantum Vacuum Effect. The latter is equivalent to the use of the Euler-Heisenberg effective theory in nonlinear electrodynamics, where the Lagrangian has a term with a higher power, $B^4$. In this case, in the region $B<B_{\mathrm{crit}}$, we show that interesting effects appear, among them the Cherenkov radiation and the reduction in the speed of light. The latter effects appear because of the quantum vacuum mimicking a medium. We also present quantitative arguments for such a close analogy. As a rough estimate, we show that the time delay $\tau$ of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) having traveled through the entire cosmological distances in an average strong magnetic field such as $10^6$Tesla, reaches an experimentally considerable value of $\tau =2.4$ hours. In the vicinity of magnetars, the magnetic field is much stronger, of the order of $10^9-10^{11}$ Tesla. However, in this case the linear scale of GRB trajectory through such regions would be much smaller. For the latter, we give an estimate for the number of the magnetars along the trajectory and also for the delay. Finally, we shall dwell on the recently raised issue in the literature, namely the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV).

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-thPLB(2025)·4 citations
14. 14*

    Decays of the light hybrid meson $1^{-+}$

    G. Daylan Esmer🇹🇷 · K. Azizi🇮🇷 · H. Sundu🇹🇷 · S. Türkmen🇹🇷

    The full width of the light isovector hybrid meson $H_{\mathrm{V}}$ with spin-parities $1^{-+}$ and content $(\overline{u}gu-\overline{d}gd)/\sqrt{2}$ is evaluated by considering the decays $H_{\mathrm{V}}\to {\rho }^{\pm }{\pi }^{\mp }$, $b_1^{\pm }{\pi }^{\mp }$, $f_1(1285)\pi$, $f_1(1420)\pi$, $\eta \pi$, and ${\eta }^{\prime }\pi$. To calculate the partial widths of these channels, we use QCD three-point sum rule method which is necessary to determine strong couplings at the corresponding hybrid-meson-meson vertices. It turns out that the main contribution to the full width $\Gamma [H_{\mathrm{V}}]=(109.7\pm 16.0)\mathrm{MeV}$ of the hybrid meson comes from the processes $H_{\mathrm{V}}\to {\rho }^{\pm }{\pi }^{\mp }$ partial width of which amounts to $\approx 67\mathrm{MeV}$. The effects of the decays $H_{\mathrm{V}}\to b_1\pi$ and $H_{\mathrm{V}}\to f_1\pi ,f_1^{\prime }\pi$ are also sizeable: Their partial widths are equal to $13\mathrm{MeV}$ and $20\mathrm{MeV}$, respectively. The decays to $\eta \pi$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }\pi$ mesons are subdominant reactions, nevertheless they form $\approx 9\%$ of the full width $\Gamma [H_{\mathrm{V}}]$. Results obtained in this work may be interesting to unravel the tangle of predictions about $H_{\mathrm{V}}$ existing in the literature, as well as useful in analyses of different resonances.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2025)·8 citations
15. 15*

    Implication of the existence of $J^{PC}=0^{--}$ ${\bar{D}}_{s}DK$ bound state on nature of $D_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ and new configuration of exotic state

    Tian-Wei Wu🇨🇳 · Ming-Zhu Liu🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳

    The discovery of numerous new hadrons over the past two decades has provided unprecedented opportunities to understand the non-perturbative QCD and hadron structure. Hadronic molecule picture plays an important role in explaining these new hadrons and enriching the configurations of exotic hadronic states. In this letter, using the model-independent $DK$ potential extracted from the relevant experimental data, a $J^{PC}=0^{--}$ ${\bar{D}}_{s}DK$ three-body hadronic molecule is predicted with a mass of $4310_{-24}^{+14}$ MeV. This state shows decoupling to conventional $c\bar{c}$ charmonia or the ${\bar{D}}_s{D}_{s0}^{\ast }(2317)$ two-body molecular state. It can be regarded as a compelling three-body hadronic molecular candidate. We further demonstrate that the $B^{+}\to D^{\ast \pm }{D}^{\mp }{K}^{+}$ decays could be promising channels for searching for the predicted state in future high-luminosity LHCb runs.

    hep-phPRL(2025)·12 citations
16. 16*

    Flavour Non-Universality and Higgs Compositeness

    Marko Pesut🇨🇭

    We present a flavour non-universal extension of the Standard Model combined with the idea of Higgs compositeness. At the TeV scale, the gauge groups $SU(2{)}_R$ and $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ are assumed to act in a non-universal manner on light- and third-generation fermions, while the Higgs emerges as a pseudo Nambu-Goldstone boson of the spontaneous global symmetry breaking $Sp(4)\to SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R^{[3]}$, attributed to new strong dynamics. We discuss how the radiatively generated Higgs potential has the ingredients to realize the unavoidable tuning necessary to separate electroweak and composite scales. In particular, the flavoured gauge bosons resulting from the deconstruction must lie in the vicinity of the TeV scale, thereby providing interesting phenomenology that can be probed at near future colliders.

    hep-ph1 citation
17. 17*

    Description of femtoscopic correlations with realistic pion-kaon interactions: the $\kappa /K_0^{\ast }(700)$ case

    A. Canoa🇪🇸 · M. Albaladejo🇪🇸 · J. Nieves🇪🇸 · J. R. Peláez🇪🇸 · E. Ruiz Arriola🇪🇸 · J. Ruiz de Elvira🇪🇸

    In this work, we show how ${\pi }^{+}{K}_S$ femtoscopic correlations, recently reported by ALICE collaboration in $pp$ collisions, can be well described taking into account relativistic corrections and using realistic $\pi K$ interactions. These are obtained from a dispersive analysis of scattering data, which provides an accurate and model-independent description of the $\kappa /K_0^{\ast }(700)$ resonance pole. The chiral symmetry suppression of the $\pi K$ interactions at low energies and the non-ordinary features of the $\kappa /K_0^{\ast }(700)$ seem to suggest that the ${\pi }^{+}{K}_S$ source radius might be surprisingly smaller than for other hadronic processes when using the standard and simple Lednicky-Lyuboshits factorization approximation.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thPoS(2025)·0 citations
18. 18*

    $\varphi$-meson spectroscopy and diffractive production using two Schrödinger like equations on the light-front

    Bheemsehan Gurjar🇮🇳 · Chandan Mondal🇨🇳 · Satvir Kaur🇨🇳

    We show that the holographic Schrödinger equation of light-front chiral QCD, together with the 't Hooft equation of (1+1)-dimensional QCD in the large $N_c$ limit, can simultaneously describe the $\varphi$-meson mass spectroscopy as well as diffractive cross-section. We compute the $\varphi$-meson diffractive cross-section by utilizing its resulting light-front wave functions (LFWFs), in conjunction with the color glass condensate (CGC) dipole scattering amplitude. Our predictions for the diffractive cross sections show good agreement with the existing experimental data from HERA at various energies from H1 and ZEUS collaborations. Additionally, we show that the obtained $\varphi$-meson LFWFs effectively describe its various properties, including the decay constant, distribution amplitudes, electromagnetic form factors, charge radius, and magnetic and quadrupole moments.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·4 citations
19. 19*

    Developments in NuWro Monte Carlo generator

    Hemant Prasad🇵🇱 · Jan T. Sobczyk🇵🇱 · Artur M. Ankowski🇵🇱 · J. Luis Bonilla🇵🇱 · Rwik Dharmapal Banerjee🇵🇱 · Krzysztof M. Graczyk🇵🇱 · Beata E. Kowal🇵🇱

    In this article, we highlight physics improvements in the NuWro Monte Carlo event generator. The upcoming version of NuWro will incorporate the integration of the argon spectral function for quasi-elastic scattering, along with the MINER$\nu$A parametrization of the axial form factor. Additionally, the new release will feature the implementation of the Valencia 2020 model for meson exchange current. The previously used simplistic delta resonance model for single-pion production will be replaced by a more accurate Ghent hybrid model in the upcoming version of NuWro. We also discuss the recent advancements made by the Wroclaw Neutrino Group in applying machine-learning techniques to achieve model-independent reconstruction of lepton-nucleus interactions

    hep-ph6 citations
20. 20*

    Leptogenesis in a Majoron+Triplet model

    Tim Brune🇩🇪

    We discuss leptogenesis in a majoron model extended by a right-handed $SU(2{)}_L$ triplet fermion. We study several different parameter assignments and find that the interactions of neutrinos with the new particles in the majoron+triplet model can significantly alter the way leptogenesis proceeds. We show that for large parts of the considered parameter space, it is essential to solve the set of coupled Boltzmann equations for the evolution of the neutrinos and the additional particles rather than solving the Boltzmann equations for the neutrino evolution only.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
21. 21*

    Blazar Boosted ALP and vector portal Dark matter confronting light mediator searches

    Sk Jeesun🇮🇳

    The trouble in detecting low mass dark matter due to its low kinetic energy can be ameliorated in the boosted dark matter framework, where a sub-population of galactic dark matter attains very high energy after being up-scattered by energetic standard model particles. However, in such a scenario the upper limits on the cross-section obtained hitherto are typically large. Hence in the minimal extension of standard model where new mediators act as a portal between the dark and visible sectors, the direct detection limits for sub-GeV dark matter might lie within the exclusion region of other ground based searches of the mediator. To evade this deadlock, we allude to blazar boosted dark matter electron scattering in multi-ton neutrino detector Super kamiokande. We consider minimal models such as axion like particle (ALP) and vector portal dark matter being upscattered by high energy blazar jet and analyse the interesting parameter reaches from Super kamiokande in the parameter space of the mediator, surpassing the existing constraints. Besides, this scenario exhibits stronger limits for previously unexplored ALP mediated sub-MeV dark matter search which is difficult due to associated momentum suppression.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·15 citations
22. 22*

    Revisiting the two-zero texture Majorana neutrino mass matrix

    Wararat Treesukrat🇹🇭 · Nopmanee Supanam🇹🇭 · Patipan Uttayarat🇹🇭

    It has long been pointed out that there are seven different two-zero texture neutrino mass matrices compatible with neutrino oscillation data. We perform an updated analysis with the recently published Nu-Fit 6.0 results. We also subject the seven two-zero textures to constraints on neutrino mass from cosmology, end point of beta decay spectrum, and neutrinoless double beta decay experiments. We find that all seven textures are compatible with the new oscillation parameters. However, we find five textures, whose 1-1 entry is nonvanishing, are in severe tension with the constraints from cosmology and neutrinoless double beta decay. With the next generation experiments, these five textures could be decisively ruled out. For the remaining two textures, one of them could be ruled out, or severely constrained, if the octant of ${\theta }_{23}$ is determined.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
23. 23*

    Composite quarks and leptons with embedded QCD

    Benoît Assi🇺🇸 · Bogdan Dobrescu🇺🇸

    We construct a model of quark and lepton compositeness based on an $SU(15)$ gauge interaction that confines chiral preons, which are also charged under the weakly-coupled $SU(4{)}_{\mathrm{PS}}\times SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R$ gauge group. The breaking of the latter, down to the Standard Model group, is achieved by scalar $SU(15)$ bound states at a scale in the $30-100$ TeV range. The embedding of the QCD gauge group in $SU(4{)}_{\mathrm{PS}}$ slows down the running of ${\alpha }_s$ in the UV. We estimate the effects of the strongly-coupled $SU(15)$ dynamics on the running of the $SU(4{)}_{\mathrm{PS}}\times SU(2{)}_L\times SU(2{)}_R$ gauge couplings, which likely remain perturbative beyond the compositeness scale of about $10^3-10^4$ TeV, and even above a unification scale. A composite vectorlike lepton doublet acquires a mass in the TeV range probed at future colliders, and an extended Higgs sector arises from 6-preon bound states.

    hep-phhep-latPRD(2025)·4 citations
24. 24*

    Supercooled phase transitions in conformal dark sectors explain NANOGrav data

    João Gonçalves🇵🇹 · Danny Marfatia🇺🇸 · António P. Morais🇵🇹 · Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪

    According to recent lore, it is difficult to explain the evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background obtained by pulsar timing arrays with supercooled first-order phase transitions (FOPTs). We demonstrate that supercooled FOPTs in dark U(1)' models with a conformal dark sector easily explain the nHz signal at NANOGrav.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exPLB(2025)·29 citations
25. 25*

    Constraints on the anomalous Higgs boson couplings in $Z\gamma \gamma$ production at muon collider

    Serdar Spor🇹🇷

    We investigate the sensitivities on the Wilson coefficients of dimension-six operators associated with the anomalous $H\gamma \gamma$, $H\gamma Z$ and $HZZ$ vertices through the process ${\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}\to Z\gamma \gamma$ at future muon collider. Signal events involving Higgs-gauge boson interactions and relevant backgrounds events at the muon collider designed with a center-of-mass energy of 10 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 10 ab${}^{-1}$ are generated in Madgraph within the framework of the model-independent Standard Model effective field theory. Realistic detector effects of the muon collider detector are simulated by Delphes. The limits at 95% C.L., $3\sigma$ and $5\sigma$ on the coefficients ${\overline{c}}_{HB}$ and ${\overline{c}}_{HW}$ are obtained without and with systematic uncertainty of 15% and compared with the present experimental and phenomenological limits.

    hep-phNPB(2025)·3 citations
26. 26*

    Are there minimal exceptional aGUTs from stable 5D orbifolds?

    Giacomo Cacciapaglia🇫🇷 · Alan S. Cornell🇿🇦 · Aldo Deandrea🇫🇷 · Wanda Isnard🇫🇷 · Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪 · Anca Preda🇸🇪 · Zhi-Wei Wang🇨🇳

    In analysing five dimensional orbifolds with exceptional gauge groups, we seek to find stable vacua configurations which satisfy the minimal requirements for asymptotic grand unified models. In this respect we show that no minimal asymptotic grand unified theory can be built. Our results point towards non-minimal models based on $E_6$: one featuring supersymmetry, and the other needing a modification of the Coleman-Weinberg potential to stabilise the breaking of $E_6$ to the standard model gauge group.

    hep-phhep-thEPJC(2025)·4 citations
27. 27*

    Cosmological search for sterile neutrinos after DESI 2024

    Guo-Hong Du🇺🇸 · Tian-Nuo Li🇺🇸 · Peng-Ju Wu🇨🇳 · Lu Feng🇨🇳 · Sheng-Han Zhou🇺🇸 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇺🇸 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    The question of whether the massive sterile neutrinos exist remains a crucial unresolved issue in both particle physics and cosmology. We explore the cosmological constraints on the massive sterile neutrinos using the latest observational data, including the baryon acoustic oscillations data from DESI, the cosmic microwave background data from Planck satellite and ACT, and the 5-year Type Ia supernova data and the 3-year weak-lensing data from DES. We search for the massive sterile neutrinos within the $\Lambda$CDM, $w$CDM, and $w_0{w}_a$CDM models. Our analysis shows that when considering massive sterile neutrinos within the $w_0{w}_a\mathrm{CDM}$ model, the combined datasets allow us to infer a non-zero sterile neutrino mass at approximately $2\sigma$ confidence level. Specifically, in the $w_0{w}_a$CDM+Sterile model, the effective mass of sterile neutrinos and the effective number of relativistic species are constrained to be $m_{\nu ,\mathrm{sterile}}^{\mathrm{eff}}=0.50_{-0.27}^{+0.33}\mathrm{eV}$ and $N_{\mathrm{eff}}=3.076_{-0.017}^{+0.011}$, respectively. However, the $\Lambda$CDM+Sterile and $w$CDM+Sterile models could not provide evidence supporting the existence of massive sterile neutrinos.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phEPJC(2026)·35 citations
28. 28*

    Staggered Fermions with Chiral Anomaly Cancellation

    Ling-Xiao Xu🇮🇹

    We investigate the implications of the quantized vectorial and axial charges in the lattice Hamiltonian of multi-flavor staggered fermions in $(1+1)$ dimensions. These lattice charges coincide with those of the $U(1{)}_V$ and $U(1{)}_A$ global symmetries of Dirac fermions in the continuum limit, whose perturbative chiral anomaly matches the non-Abelian Onsager algebra on the lattice. In this note, we focus on the lattice models that flow to continuum quantum field theories of Dirac fermions that are free from the perturbative chiral anomaly between $U(1{)}_V$ and $U(1{)}_A$. In a lattice model that flows to two Dirac fermions, we identify quadratic Hamiltonian deformations that can gap the system while fully preserving both the vectorial and axial charges on the lattice. These deformations flow to the usual symmetry-preserving Dirac mass terms in the continuum. Additionally, we propose a lattice model that flows to the chiral fermion $3-4-5-0$ model in the continuum by using these lattice charges, and we discuss the multi-fermion interactions that can generate a mass gap in the paradigm of symmetric mass generation.

    ↳ hep-latcond-mat.str-elhep-phhep-th10 citations
29. 29*

    Probing a muonic force with the periastron advance in binary pulsar systems

    Zuowei Liu🇨🇳 · Zi-Wei Tang🇨🇳

    Pulsars, highly magnetized, rotating neutron stars, can have significant muon abundances in their dense cores, making them promising environments to probe ultralight mediators coupled to muons. The precise measurement of periastron advance in binary pulsar systems provides a sensitive probe of such long-range forces. In this work, we study the periastron advance constraints from binary pulsar systems on the ultralight muonic mediators. We compute the muon number fraction in neutron stars, by properly taking into account the suppression effect of the long-range muonic force. We find that the periastron advance constraints impose the most stringent constraints on ultralight muonic mediators in the mass range of $\simeq (10^{-17},2\times 10^{-15})$ eV, probing muonic couplings as small as $\mathcal{O}(10^{-21})$, which surpass the limits from LIGO/Virgo gravitational wave measurements, by about an order of magnitude.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
30. 30*

    Probing Spin-2 Ultralight Dark Matter with Space-based Gravitational Wave Detectors in the mHz Regime

    Jing-Rui Zhang🇨🇳 · Ju Chen🇨🇳 · Heng-Sen Jiao🇨🇳 · Rong-Gen Cai🇨🇳 · Yun-Long Zhang🇨🇳

    Spin-2 ultralight dark matter (ULDM) is a viable dark matter candidate and it can be constrained using gravitational wave (GW) observations. In this paper, we investigate the detectability of spin-2 ULDM by space-based GW interferometers. By considering a direct coupling between spin-2 ULDM and ordinary matter, we derive the corresponding response functions and sensitivity curves for various time-delay interferometry channels and calculate the optimal sensitivity curves for future millihertz GW detectors. Our results demonstrate that the space-based detectors can place stringent constraints on the coupling constant of spin-2 ULDM, reaching $\alpha \sim 10^{-10}$ around a mass of $m\sim 10^{-17}\mathrm{eV}$, surpassing current limits from ground-based detectors and pulsar timing arrays. Thus, the space-based GW detectors can serve as powerful tools not only for detecting GWs but also for probing fundamental properties of ultralight dark matter.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·11 citations
31. 31*

    Classical (ontological) dual states in quantum theory and the minimal group representation Hilbert space

    Diego J. Cirilo-Lombardo (Keldysh Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and CONICET-UBA-INFINA)🇦🇷 · Norma G. Sanchez (CNRS and The Chalonge - Hector de Vega International School of Astrophysics)🇫🇷

    We investigate the classical aspects of Quantum theory and under which description Quantum theory does appear Classical. Although such descriptions or variables are known as "ontological" or "hidden", they are not hidden at all, but are dual classical states (in the sense of the general classical-quantum duality of Nature). The application of the Minimal Group Representation immediately classicalizes the system, Mp(2) emerging as the group of the classical-quantum duality symmetry. (Abridged)

    ↳ quant-phgr-qchep-phhep-th+2APL Quantum(2025)·1 citation
32. 32*

    Direct Expression for One-Loop Tensor Reduction with Lorentz Indices via Generating Function

    Chang Hu🇨🇳 · Yifan Hu🇨🇳 · Jiyuan Shen🇨🇳

    In recent work, we derived a direct expression for one-loop tensor reduction using generating functions and Feynman parametrization in projective space, avoiding recursive relations. However, for practical applications, this expression still presents two challenges: (1) While the final reduction coefficients are expressed in terms of the dimension D and Mandelstam variables, the given expression explicitly contains irrational functions; (2) The expression involves an auxiliary vector R, which can be eliminated via differentiation $\frac{\partial }{\partial R}$, but the presence of irrational terms making differentiation cumbersome. (3) Most practical applications require the tensor form with Lorentz indices. In this paper, we provide a rational form of the reduction coefficients with Lorentz indices, free from recursion. Additionally, We provide a pure Wolfram Mathematica implementation of the code. Our practical tests demonstrate that this direct expression achieves significantly higher computational efficiency compared to the traditional Passarino-Veltman (PV) reduction or other recursion-based methods.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
33. 33*

    In-medium bottomonium properties from lattice NRQCD calculations with extended meson operators

    H.-T. Ding🇨🇳 · W.-P. Huang🇨🇳 · R. Larsen🇩🇪 · S. Meinel🇺🇸 · Swagato Mukherjee🇺🇸 · P. Petreczky🇺🇸 · Zhanduo Tang🇺🇸

    We calculate the temperature dependence of bottomonium correlators in (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD with the aim to constrain in-medium properties of bottomonia at high temperature. The lattice calculations are performed using HISQ action with physical strange quark mass and light quark masses twenty times smaller than the strange quark mass at two lattice spacings $a=0.0493$ fm and $0.0602$ fm, and temporal extents $N_{\tau }=16-30$, corresponding to the temperatures $T=133-250$ MeV. We use a tadpole-improved NRQCD action including spin-dependent $v^6$ corrections for the heavy quarks and extended meson operators in order to be sensitive to in-medium properties of the bottomonium states of interest. We find that within estimated errors the bottomonium masses do not change compared to their vacuum values for all temperatures under our consideration; however, we find different nonzero widths for the various bottomonium states.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thJHEP(2025)·16 citations
34. 34*

    Chiral condensates and screening masses of neutral pseudoscalar mesons from lattice QCD at physical quark masses

    Heng-Tong Ding🇨🇳 · Jin-Biao Gu🇨🇳 · Sheng-Tai Li🇨🇳 · Rishabh Thakkar🇨🇳

    We investigate the effects of temperature $T$ and external magnetic fields $eB$ on the chiral condensates and screening masses of neutral pseudoscalar mesons, including ${\pi }^0$, $K^0$, and ${\eta }_{s\bar{s}}^0$, in (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD with physical quark masses. The chiral condensates are intrinsically connected to the screening masses via Ward-Takahashi identities, with the latter characterizing the inverse of the spatial correlation length in the pseudoscalar channel. Using highly improved staggered quarks, we perform simulations on lattices with temporal extents $N_{\tau }=8,12,16$ and an aspect ratio of 4, covering five temperatures from 145 MeV to 166 MeV. For each temperature, eight magnetic field strengths are simulated, reaching up to $eB\sim 0.8$ GeV${}^2$. These simulations allow us to provide continuum estimates for the chiral condensates and screening masses. We observe intricate behavior in the light ($ud$), strange-light ($ds$) and strange ($s$) quark condensates as functions of the magnetic field and temperature, reflecting the competition between magnetic catalysis and inverse magnetic catalysis effects. This complex behavior is also mirrored in the screening masses of the neutral pseudoscalar mesons. Notably, the screening masses of ${\pi }^0$ and $K^0$ exhibit a non-monotonic dependence on $eB$, closely following the variations in their corresponding chiral condensates. Meanwhile, the screening mass of ${\eta }_{s\bar{s}}^0$ decreases monotonically with increasing $eB$. These findings provide valuable insights for understanding the behavior of QCD in a thermomagnetic medium and can serve as benchmarks for low-energy QCD models and effective theories.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·18 citations
35. 35*

    Center vortices and the $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ conformal window

    J. A. Mickley🇦🇺 · D. B. Leinweber🇦🇺 · D. Nogradi🇭🇺

    A novel approach for estimating the lower end of the $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ conformal window is presented through the study of center vortex geometry and its dependence on the number of fermion flavors $N_f$. Values ranging from $N_f=2$--$8$ are utilized to infer an upper limit for vortex behavior in the low $N_f$ phase, which may inform the transition to the conformal window. The simulations are performed at a single lattice spacing and pion mass, both fixed for all $N_f$. Visualizations of the center vortex structure in three-dimensional slices of the lattice reveal a growing roughness in the vortex matter as a function of $N_f$, embodied by an increase in the density of vortex matter in the percolating cluster and a simultaneous reduction in secondary clusters disconnected from the percolating cluster in 3D slices. This is quantified by various bulk properties, including the vortex and branching point densities. A correlation of the vortex structure reveals a turning point near $N_f\simeq 5$ past which a randomness in the vortex field becomes the dominant aspect of its evolution with $N_f$. As a byproduct, extrapolations to the vortex content of a uniform-random gauge field provide a critical point at which there must be a drastic shift in vacuum field structure. A precise estimate for the critical value is extracted as $N_f^{\ast }=11.43(16)(17)$, close to various other estimates.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
36. 36*

    Some insights on the partonic collectivity in heavy-ion collisions

    Rajeev Singh🇷🇴

    Elliptic flow and Number of Constituent Quarks scaling provide crucial insights into the underlying dynamics and degrees of freedom in heavy-ion collisions. This article provides some insights on the transition from hadronic to partonic collectivity, revealing possible key signatures of medium evolution. At low energies around ($\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}\le 4.0$ GeV), $v_2$ may be negative and NCQ scaling might break down. We expect that as the collision energy rises beyond 4.0 GeV, $v_2$ may become positive and NCQ scaling gradually restores. The transition in $v_2$ behavior, coupled with the breakdown and restoration of NCQ scaling, highlights the increasing significance of partonic interactions at higher energies, marking the onset of partonic collectivity and the emergence of quark-gluon plasma (QGP)-like properties.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phSpringer Proc.Phys.(2026)·1 citation
37. 37*

    Reconstructing Primordial Curvature Perturbations via Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves with LISA

    Jonas El Gammal🇳🇴 · Aya Ghaleb🇬🇧 · Gabriele Franciolini🇨🇭 · Theodoros Papanikolaou🇮🇹 · Marco Peloso🇮🇹 · Gabriele Perna🇮🇹 · Mauro Pieroni🇨🇭 · Angelo Ricciardone🇮🇹 · Robert Rosati🇺🇸 · Gianmassimo Tasinato🇬🇧 · Matteo Braglia🇺🇸 · Jacopo Fumagalli🇪🇸 and 8 other authors

    Many early universe scenarios predict an enhancement of scalar perturbations at scales currently unconstrained by cosmological probes. These perturbations source gravitational waves (GWs) at second order in perturbation theory, leading to a scalar-induced gravitational wave (SIGW) background. The LISA detector, sensitive to mHz GWs, will be able to constrain curvature perturbations in a new window corresponding to scales $k\in [10^{10},10^{14}]{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$, difficult to probe otherwise. In this work, we forecast the capabilities of LISA to constrain the source of SIGWs using different approaches: i) agnostic, where the spectrum of curvature perturbations is binned in frequency space; ii) template-based, modeling the curvature power spectrum based on motivated classes of models; iii) ab initio, starting from first-principles model of inflation featuring an ultra-slow roll phase. We compare the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. We also discuss the impact on the SIGW spectrum of non-standard thermal histories affecting the kernels of SIGW emission and non-Gaussianity in the statistics of the curvature perturbations. Finally, we propose simple tests to assess whether the signal is compatible with the SIGW hypothesis. The pipeline used is built into the SIGWAY code.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2025)·70 citations
38. 38*

    Dynamical Electromagnetic fields and Dynamical Electromagnetic Anomaly in heavy ion collisions at intermediate energies

    Irfan Siddique🇨🇳 · Anping Huang🇨🇳 · Mei Huang🇨🇳 · Muhammad Abdul Wasaye🇨🇳

    Electromagnetic field produced in non-central heavy ion collisions play a crucial role in phenomena such as chiral anomalous effects, directed flow of mesons and splitting of spin polarization of $\Lambda /\bar{\Lambda }$. A precise description of these fields is essential for quantitatively studying these effects. We investigate the space-time evolution of the electromagnetic fields by numerically solving Maxwell's equations using the results from the UrQMD model, rather than relying on an ansatz. We present the space-averaged dynamic electromagnetic fields, weighted by energy density, in the central region of heavy-ion collisions. These measurements can serve as a barometer for assessing the effects induced by magnetic fields. Comparing the fields at geometric center of the collisions, the space-averaged dynamical fields weighted by the energy density are smaller at the early stage but damp much slower at the later stage. We discuss the impact of these space averaged dynamical magnetic fields on the spin polarization and spin alignment in heavy ion collisions. Additionally, we explore the opportunity to study non-perturbative regime of Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) by presenting the simulation results for space averaged dynamical electric field at intermediate collision energies. Finally, the space-averaged dynamical electromagnetic anomaly $\text{E}$$\cdot \text{B}$ weighted by energy density is also calculated and compared with experimentally measured slope parameter $r$.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2025)·4 citations
39. 39*

    Spectrum of third-order tensor perturbations induced by excited scalar fields

    Cheng-Jun Fang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Zhang Peng🇨🇳 · Han-Wen Hu🇨🇳 · Zong-Kuan Guo🇨🇳

    We calculate for the first time the third-order spectrum of gravitational waves sourced by the amplified scalar field perturbations during inflation using the in-in formalism, and discuss the conditions for the third-order spectrum to be smaller than the second-order one. Assuming an exponential growth of the sub-horizon modes of the scalar field perturbations, we find that the third-order spectrum increases faster than the second-order one as the amplification of the field perturbations increases, and thus the third-order spectrum dominates for detectable gravitational waves, which indicates that the perturbation theory breakdowns.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
40. 40*

    Unruh detectors, Feynman diagrams, acceleration and decay

    Wim Beenakker🇳🇱 · David Venhoek🇳🇱

    We present a method for relating the transition rate of an accelerated Unruh-deWitt detector to the rate of the same detector when stationary in Minkowski space. Furthermore, we show that when using the detector as a model for decay, its transition rate can be related directly to the decay rate obtained from QFT. Combined this provides a straightforward method for calculating the decay rate of accelerated particles to first order in the coupling constants.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thquant-ph1 citation
41. 41*

    QCD Equation of State with $N_f=3$ Flavors up to the Electroweak Scale

    Matteo Bresciani (Milan Bicocca U. and INFN, Milan Bicocca)🇮🇹 · Mattia Dalla Brida (Milan Bicocca U. and INFN, Milan Bicocca)🇮🇹 · Leonardo Giusti (Milan Bicocca U. and INFN, Milan Bicocca)🇮🇹 · Michele Pepe (INFN, Milan Bicocca)🇮🇹

    The equation of state of Quantum Chromodynamics with $N_f=3$ flavors is determined non-perturbatively in the range of temperatures between $3$ and $165$~GeV with a precision of about $0.5$-$1.0$\%. The calculation is carried out by numerical simulations of lattice gauge theory discretized à la Wilson with shifted boundary conditions in the compact direction. At each given temperature the entropy density is computed at several lattice spacings in order to extrapolate the results to the continuum limit. Taken at face value, data point straight to the Stefan-Boltzmann value by following a linear behavior in the strong coupling constant squared. They are also compatible with the known perturbative formula supplemented by higher order terms in the coupling constant, a parametrization which describes well our data together with those present in the literature down to $500$ MeV.

    ↳ hep-latastro-ph.COhep-phnucl-thPRL(2025)·23 citations
42. 42*

    Black Holes Rule Out Heavy Tachyons

    Mark P. Hertzberg🇺🇸 · Abraham Loeb🇺🇸 · Aidan Morehouse🇺🇸

    We present direct observational constraints on tachyons; particles with group velocity greater than $c$ in vacuum in a Lorentz invariant theory. Since tachyons may have no direct couplings to Standard Model particles, the most robust and model independent constraints come from gravitational effects, especially black holes. We compute the Hawking radiation of tachyons from black holes, finding it to be significantly enhanced in the presence of heavy tachyons. For a black hole of mass $M$ and tachyons of mass $m$ with $g$ degrees of freedom, the black hole lifetime is found to be $t_{bh}\approx 192\pi \hslash M/(g{c}^2{m}^2)$ (or doubled for fermions). This implies that the observation of black holes of a few solar masses, with lifetime of several billion years, rules out tachyons of mass $m>3\times 10^9$ GeV. This means there cannot exist any tachyons associated with unification scales or quantum gravity. So while there already exists theoretical reasons to be skeptical of tachyons, our work provides a complementary direct observational constraint.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·1 citation
43. 43*

    Gravitational-wave signatures of mirror (a)symmetry in binary black hole mergers: measurability and correlation to gravitational-wave recoil

    Samson H. W. Leong🇨🇳 · Alejandro Florido Tomé🇪🇸 · Juan Calderón Bustillo🇨🇳 · Adrián del Río🇪🇸 · Nicolas Sanchis-Gual🇪🇸

    Precessing binary black-hole mergers can produce a net flux of circularly-polarized gravitational waves. This imbalance between left- and right-handed circularly polarized waves, quantified via the Stokes pseudo-scalar $V_{\mathrm{GW}}$, originated from mirror asymmetries in the binary. We scan the parameter space of black-hole mergers to investigate correlations between $V_{\mathrm{GW}}$ and chiral magnitudes constructed out of the intrinsic parameters of the binary. To this end, we use both numerical-relativity simulations for (quasi-circular) and eccentric precessing mergers from both the SXS and RIT catalogues, as well as the state-of-the-art surrogate model for quasi-circular precessing mergers NRSur7dq4. We find that, despite being computed by manifestly different formulas, $V_{\mathrm{GW}}$ is linearly correlated to the helicity of the final black hole, defined as the projection of its recoil velocity onto its spin. Next, we test our ability to perform accurate measurements of $V_{\mathrm{GW}}$ in gravitational-wave observations through the injection and recovery of numerically simulated signals. We show that $V_{\mathrm{GW}}$ can be estimated unbiasedly using the surrogate waveform model NRSur7dq4 even for signal-to-noise ratios of nearly 50, way beyond current gravitational-wave observations.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·11 citations
44. 44*

    Tagging Efficiency Study of Incoherent Diffractive Vector Meson Production at the Second Interaction Region at the Electron-Ion Collider

    Elke-Caroline Aschenauer🇺🇸 · Alexander Bazilevsky🇺🇸 · Alexander Jentsch🇺🇸 · Jihee Kim🇺🇸 · Alexander Kiselev🇺🇸 · Brian Page🇺🇸 · Zhoudunming Tu🇺🇸 · Thomas Ullrich🇺🇸 · Cheuk-Ping Wong🇺🇸

    The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) is an upcoming accelerator facility aimed at exploring the properties of quarks and gluons in nucleons and nuclei, shedding light on their structure and dynamics. The inaugural experimental apparatus, ePIC (electron-Proton and Ion Collider), is designed as a general purpose detector to address the NAS/NSAC physics program at the EIC. The wider EIC community is strongly supporting a second interaction region and associated second detector to enhance the full science program. In this study, we evaluate how the second interaction region and detector can be complementary to ePIC. The pre-conceptual layout of an interaction region for the second detector offers a secondary focus that provides better forward detector acceptance at scattering angles near $\theta \sim 0$~mrad, which can specifically enhance the exclusive, tagging, and diffractive physics program. This article presents an analysis of a tagging program using the second interaction region layout with incoherent diffractive vector meson production. The potential for the second interaction region to provide improved vetoing capabilities for incoherent events to elucidate the coherent diffractive cross-section is evaluated. The capability to access the coherent diffractive cross-section is of prime importance for studying the spatial imaging of nucleons and nuclei.

    ↳ physics.ins-dethep-exhep-phnucl-exPRD(2025)·8 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.