Wed·Dec 18, 2024Wednesday·December 18, 2024

1. 01*

   Probing baryogenesis with gravitational waves

   Yanou Cui🇺🇸 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Pankaj Saha🇯🇵 · Evangelos I. Sfakianakis🇺🇸

   Affleck-Dine (AD) baryogenesis is compelling yet challenging to probe because of the high-energy physics involved. We demonstrate that this mechanism can be generically realized with low-energy new physics, without supersymmetry, while producing detectable gravitational waves (GWs) sourced by the parametric resonance of a light scalar field. In viable models, the scalar has a mass of $\mathcal{O}(0.1-10)$ GeV, yielding GWs with peak frequencies of $\mathcal{O}(10-100)$ Hz. This study further reveals a new complementarity between upcoming LIGO-frequency GW detectors and laboratory searches across frontiers of particle physics.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ex+1PRD(2026)·3 citations
2. 02*

   $Z^{\prime }$-Mediated Dark Matter with Low-Temperature Reheating

   Geneviève Bélanger🇫🇷 · Nicolás Bernal🇦🇪 · Alexander Pukhov🇷🇺

   We consider a simple extension of the standard model with fermionic dark matter (DM) and a $Z^{\prime }$ gauge boson acting as a mediator. We also assume a scenario where cosmic reheating occurs at low temperatures due to the decay of a massive inflaton into standard model states. To follow the evolution of the background and the dark sector states, we implement the required Boltzmann equations in the code micrOMEGAs to explore both the freeze-out and freeze-in mechanisms. We determine the parameter space of the model that satisfies the relic density constraint under different assumptions for the reheating dynamics, and examine current constraints from DM direct detection, taking special care of the scenarios where DM was produced during the reheating era. Large regions of the parameter space favored by low-temperature reheating cases are already probed or will be within the reach of future experiments, both for the WIMP and the FIMP paradigms.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·33 citations
3. 03*

   Electroweak Symmetry Restoration and Radiation Amplitude Zeros

   Rodolfo Capdevilla🇺🇸 · Tao Han🇺🇸

   In high-energy collisions far above the electroweak scale, the effects of electroweak symmetry breaking are expected to become parametrically small $\delta \sim M_W/E$. This defines the extent to which the electroweak gauge symmetry is restored: $(i)$ the physics of the transverse gauge bosons and fermions is described by a massless theory in the unbroken phase; $(ii)$ the longitudinal gauge bosons behave like the Goldstone bosons and join the Higgs boson to restore the unbroken $O(4)$ symmetry in the original Higgs sector. Using the unique feature of the radiation amplitude zeros in gauge theory, we propose to study the electroweak symmetry restoration quantitatively by examining the processes for the gauge boson pair production $W^{\pm }\gamma ,W^{\pm }Z$ and $W^{\pm }H$ at the LHC and muon colliders.

   hep-phPRL(2025)·1 citation
4. 04*

   Prediction of Toponium Levels Using a Logarithmic Potential Modeel

   Yasushi Muraki🇯🇵 · Shoichi Shibata🇯🇵

   In this paper, the energy levels of the resonant states of toponium, composed of top quark and anti-top quark, are given on the basis of an empirical law. We predict that the mass of the n-th resonant state of toponium is given by Mass(n)=0.81ln}(n) + 347GeV from the empirical law on the resonance level of the bottomonium. The cross-section produced by electron-positron collisions is 3X10^{-9}mb and an electron-positron collider would need an energy of 270GeV X 270 GeV to find out the resonance state of toponium. This prediction is based on the empirical law that the energy levels of hadron resonance states are expressed in logarithms. An interpretation of the appearance of quark resonance states in logarithmic intervals is also given in the paper. An application of this model, we present that the Okubo-Zwig-lizuka law can be viewed as a creation 11and annihilation problem of the two-dimensional resonance planes.

   hep-ph0 citations
5. 05*

   Creating true muonium via charmonium radiative decay

   Jian-Ping Dai🇨🇳 · Hai-Bo Li🇨🇳 · Shuai Zhao🇨🇳 · Zong-Ying Zheng🇨🇳

   True muonium, the bound state of a muon and an antimuon (${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$), has long been theoretically predicted but remains experimentally elusive. We investigate the production of true para-muonium in the radiative decay of $J/\psi$ meson,and analyze the prospects for detecting true muonium in current and future high-energy $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ experiments, particularly focusing on the BESIII experiment and the proposed Super Tau-Charm Facility. Although the events are rare at the super tau-charm facility, the detection of true para-muonium via $J/\psi$ radiative decays could become feasible at its future updates.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2026)·2 citations
6. 06*

   Light-by-light scattering in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions -- new possibilities

   Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱 · Pawel Jucha🇵🇱

   Light-by-light scattering is a relatively new area of experimental physics. Our recent, theoretical research shows that studying two photon measurements in regions with lower transverse momentum ($p_{t,\gamma }$) and invariant mass ($M_{\gamma \gamma }$) allows us to observe not only the main contribution of photon scattering, known as fermionic loops but also mechanisms like the VDM-Regge (double-photon hadronic fluctuation). In addition, diphoton measurements at low diphoton masses are crucial for studies of light meson resonance contributions in $\gamma \gamma \to \gamma \gamma$ scattering. We also focus on the interference between different contributions. For future experiments with the ALICE FoCal and ALICE-3 detectors, we have calculated background contamination and have explored possibilities to minimize their impact.

   hep-phnucl-thActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2025)·0 citations
7. 07*

   CoLoRFul for hadron collisions: Integrating the counterterms

   S. Van Thurenhout🇭🇺 · V. Del Duca🇮🇹 · C. Duhr🇩🇪 · L. Fekésházy🇩🇪 · F. Guadagni🇨🇭 · P. Mukherjee🇩🇪 · G. Somogyi🇭🇺 · F. Tramontano🇮🇹

   In order to numerically compute scattering cross sections in QCD, one needs to deal with various kinematic divergences that appear at intermediate stages of the calculation. One way of doing this is by setting up an IR subtraction scheme. In this talk we give an update on the status of extending the CoLoRFul subtraction scheme, which has been successfully used in the past for processes with only final-state hadrons, to hadron-hadron collisions. In particular we discuss the analytic computation of the integrated counterterms.

   hep-phhep-thActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2025)·5 citations
8. 08*

   Constraining the $DD{D}^{\ast }$ three-body bound state via the $Z_c(3900)$ pole

   Hai-Xiang Zhu🇨🇳 · Lu Meng🇩🇪 · Yao Ma🇨🇳 · Ning Li🇨🇳 · Wei Chen🇨🇳 · Shi-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

   In this study, we propose using the $Z_c(3900)$ pole position to constrain the existence of the $DD{D}^{\ast }$ three-body bound state within the one-boson-exchange (OBE) model. The existence of the $DD{D}^{\ast }$ bound state remains uncertain due to significant variations in the OBE interaction, particularly in the strength of scalar-meson-exchange interactions, which can differ by a factor about 20 between two commonly used OBE models. This discrepancy renders the $DD{D}^{\ast }$ system highly model-dependent. To address this issue, we constrain the scalar-meson-exchange interaction using the $Z_c(3900)$ pole position, where the pseudoscalar-meson coupling is well-determined, and the $\rho$- and $\omega$-exchange interactions nearly cancel each other out, leaving the coupling constant of the $\sigma$-exchange as the only unknown parameter. Our results indicate that the isospin-$\frac{1}{2}$ $DD{D}^{\ast }$ bound states exist when $Z_c(3900)$ is a virtual state of $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }/\bar{D}{D}^{\ast }$ located within approximately $-15$ MeV of the threshold. However, the three-body bound state is gone when the $Z_c(3900)$ virtual state pole is more than $20$ MeV away from the threshold. Each experimental progress, either on the $DD{D}^{\ast }$ state or the $Z_c(3900)$, can shed light on the nature of the other state. Another significant outcome is a refined set of OBE model parameters calibrated using the pole positions of $X(3872)$, $T_{cc}(3875)$, and $Z_c(3900)$, rigorously addressing the cutoff dependence. These parameters provide a valuable resource for more accurate calculations of systems involving few-body $D$, $D^{\ast }$ and their antiparticles. Additionally, we find no evidence of the $DD{D}^{\ast }$ three-body resonances after extensive search using a combination of the Gaussian expansion method and the complex scaling method.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thPRD(2025)·14 citations
9. 09*

   The width of $f_0(980)$ in isospin-symmetry-breaking decays

   Xiaolong Du🇨🇳 · Yun Liang🇨🇳 · Wencheng Yan🇨🇳 · Demin Li🇨🇳

   The scalar meson $f_0(980)$ has long posed a perplexing puzzle within the realm of light hadron physics. Conventionally, its mass and width in normal decay processes have been estimated as $M=990\pm 20$~MeV/$c^2$ and $\Gamma =40-100$~MeV, respectively. Theoretical explanations regarding the internal structure of $f_0(980)$ range from it being a conventional quark-antiquark meson to a tetraquark state, a $K\overline{K}$ molecule, or even a quark-antiquark gluon hybrid. However, a definitive consensus has remained elusive over a considerable duration. Recent observations by the BESIII experiment have unveiled anomalously narrow widths of $f_0(980)$ in five independent isospin-symmetry-breaking decay channels. Harnessing these experimental findings, we performed a simultaneous fit to the $\pi \pi$ invariant mass distributions, resulting in a refined determination of the mass and width in isospin-symmetry-breaking decays as $M=990.0\pm 0.4(\text{stat})\pm 0.1(\text{syst})$~MeV/$c^2$ and $\Gamma =11.4\pm 1.1(\text{stat})\pm 0.9(\text{syst})$~MeV, respectively. Here, the first errors are statistical and the second are systematic. Furthermore, by employing the parameterized Flatté formula to fit the same $\pi \pi$ invariant mass distributions, we ascertained the values of the two coupling constants, $g_{f\pi \pi }$ and $g_{fK\overline{K}}$, as $g_{f\pi \pi }=0.46\pm 0.03$ and $g_{fK\overline{K}}=1.24\pm 0.32$, respectively. Based on the joint confidence regions of $g_{f\pi \pi }$ and $g_{fK\overline{K}}$, we draw the conclusion that the experimental data exhibit a propensity to favor the $K\overline{K}$ molecule model and the quark-antiquark ($q\bar{q}$) model, while offering relatively less support for the tetraquarks ($q^2{\bar{q}}^2$) model and the quark-antiquark gluon ($q\bar{q}g$) hybrid model.

   hep-ph0 citations
10. 10*

    Baryon Form Factors

    Yong-Hui Lin🇩🇪 · Hans-Werner Hammer🇩🇪 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪

    We review the status of baryon form factors with a special focus on the nucleon electromagnetic form factors which are known best. First, we give an introduction into the dispersive analyses and emphasize the role of unitarity and analyticity in the construction of the isoscalar and isovector spectral functions. Second, we present the state of the art in our understanding of nucleon form factors and radii including reliable uncertainty estimates from bootstrap and Bayesian methods. Third, we discuss the physics of the time-like form factors and point out further issues to be addressed in this framework. Finally, we review the status of hyperon form factors and comment on the pion cloud.

    hep-phnucl-thEncyclopedia of Particle Physics(2024)·5 citations
11. 11*

    Baryogenesis from Primordial CP Violation

    Venus Keus🇮🇪 · Edward W. Kolb🇺🇸

    We present a novel Baryogenesis mechanism in which an asymmetry of scalars in a three-Higgs doublet model produced exiting a CP-violating inflationary set-up is translated into an asymmetry of baryons through electroweak instantons.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJHEP(2025)·3 citations
12. 12*

    Phase space sampling with Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods

    Salvatore La Cagnina🇩🇪 · Cornelius Grunwald🇩🇪 · Timo Janßen🇩🇪 · Kevin Kröninger🇩🇪 · Steffen Schumann🇩🇪

    We present a study on using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) techniques to explore the high-dimensional and multi-modal phase space of scattering events at high-energy particle colliders. To this end, we combine the BAT.jl package that provides implementations of a variety of MCMC algorithms with the Sherpa event generator framework. We discuss technical aspects of the implementation and the resulting algorithm and present first results for the process of $Z+3$ jets production at the LHC.

    hep-phhep-exEPJ Web Conf.(2025)·7 citations
13. 13*

    Chirally motivated $\pi \Sigma$-$\bar{K}N$ model in a finite volume

    Peter C. Bruns🇨🇿 · Ales Cieply🇨🇿

    We generalize the chirally motivated $\pi \Sigma -\bar{K}N$ coupled channels model to the cubic finite volume and use it to calculate the stationary energy spectrum that appears in a nice agreement with the spectrum obtained in the lattice QCD simulations by the BaSc collaboration. Several other comparisons with the BaSc results are made, in particular relating their pole positions of the meson-baryon scattering matrix to the two-pole picture of $\Lambda (1405)$ generated by our chiral model in the infinite volume.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thEPJA(2025)·2 citations
14. 14*

    A tale of $Z$+jet: SMEFT effects and the Lam-Tung relation

    R. Gauld🇩🇪 · U. Haisch🇩🇪 · J. Weiss🇩🇪

    We derive constraints on dimension-six light-quark dipole operators within the Standard Model (SM) effective field theory, based on measurements of $Z$ production at SLC and LEP, as well as $Z$+jet production at the LHC. Our new constraints exclude the parameter space that could potentially explain the observed discrepancy between theoretical predictions and experimental data for the Lam-Tung relation. With these updated limits, we model-independently determine the maximum possible influence that beyond-SM contributions could have on the angular coefficients $A_0$ and $A_2$, which enter the Lam-Tung relation.

    hep-phhep-exSciPost Phys.(2025)·9 citations
15. 15*

    Hadronic atoms

    Akaki Rusetsky (Bonn U. and Tbilisi State U.)🇩🇪

    We give a brief survey of the theory of hadronic atoms, which represent important sources of information for studying hadron interactions at very low energy. It will be namely demonstrated that a systematic expansion of the observables of hadronic atoms (the energy levels and the decay width) in terms of the fine-structure constant can be obtained, using the framework of non-relativistic effective Lagrangians. We also present a pedagogical introduction to the non-relativistic effective theories that includes a review of the main concepts, such as the scale separation, construction of the Lagrangian, power counting and matching.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
16. 16*

    DiFfRG: A Discretisation Framework for functional Renormalisation Group flows

    Franz R. Sattler🇩🇪 · Jan M. Pawlowski🇩🇪

    We introduce DiFfRG (Discretisation Framework for functional Renormalisation Group flows), a comprehensive computational C++ framework for solving functional Renormalisation Group flows in very general truncation schemes. Its central features are threefold: Firstly, the use of Finite Element Methods (FEM) for efficient, easy to set up and quantitatively reliable computations of field dependences. Secondly, the (simultaneous) setup of large, fully momentum-dependent vertex expansions. Thirdly, efficient time-discretisation methods, incorporating insights from studies of solving theories which exhibit spontaneous symmetry breaking, going hand in hand with shocks and an exponential increase of the information flow velocity in field space. The framework provides a Mathematica package for automatic code generation of flow equations, finite and zero temperature integration routines with support for GPU hardware and extensive parallelisation capabilities. Detailed examples and tutorials are provided and discussed herein which showcase and introduce the framework to the user. We illustrate the capabilities of DiFfRG with four examples, with the complete codes fully included: finite temperature O(N) theory, a Quark-Meson model, SU(3) Yang-Mills theory and four-Fermi flows in the QCD phase diagram.

    hep-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-thphysics.comp-ph+1Comput.Phys.Commun.(2026)·21 citations
17. 17*

    Precision calculations of $B\to K^{\ast }$ form factors from SCET sum rules beyond leading-power contributions

    Jing Gao🇩🇪 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪 · Yue-Long Shen🇨🇳 · Dong-Hao Li🇨🇳

    We construct light-cone sum rules (LCSR) for the $B\to K^{\ast }$ form factors in the large recoil region using vacuum-to-$B$-meson correlation functions, and systematically calculate subleading-power corrections to these form factors at tree level, including next-to-leading power contributions from the hard-collinear propagator, the subleading effective current $\bar{q}\Gamma [i\text{slashed}{D}_{\perp }/(2m_b)]h_v$, and twist-five/six four-particle higher-twist effects. By incorporating the available leading-power results at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s)$ and the corrections to higher-twist $B$-meson light-cone distribution amplitudes from our previous work, we improve the precision of theoretical predictions for $B\to K^{\ast }$ form factors and find that the subleading-power contributions amount to 30\% of the corresponding leading-power results. Employing the Bourrely-Caprini-Lellouch (BCL) parametrization, we determine the numerical results for $B\to K^{\ast }$ form factors across the full kinematic range through a combined fit of LCSR predictions in the large recoil region and lattice QCD results in the small recoil region. Using the newly obtained $B\to K^{\ast }$ form factors, we compute the branching fractions for the rare decays $B\to K^{\ast }{\nu }_{\ell }{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ in the Standard Model, obtaining $\mathcal{B}\mathcal{R}({\bar{B}}^0\to {\bar{K}}^{\ast 0}{\nu }_{\ell }{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell })=8.09(96)\times 10^{-6}$ and $\mathcal{B}\mathcal{R}({\bar{B}}^{+}\to {\bar{K}}^{\ast +}{\nu }_{\ell }{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell })=9.95(1.05)\times 10^{-6}$. Additionally, we predict that the longitudinal $K^{\ast }$ polarization fraction is $F_L=0.44(4)$.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·13 citations
18. 18*

    Higgs Factory options for CERN: A comparative study

    Alain Blondel🇫🇷 · Christophe Grojean🇩🇪 · Patrick Janot🇨🇭 · Guy Wilkinson🇬🇧

    ``All future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Higgs factories have similar reach for the precise measurement of the Higgs boson properties.'': this popular statement has often led to the impression that all ${\mathrm{e}}^{+}{\mathrm{e}}^{-}$ options are scientifically equivalent when it comes to choosing the future post-LHC collider at CERN. More recently, the concept of sustainability has been added in attempts to rank Higgs factories. A comparative analysis of the data currently available is performed in this note to clarify these issues for three different options: the future circular colliders (FCC), and two linear collider alternatives (CLIC and ILC@CERN). The main observation is as follows. For the precise measurement of already demonstrated Higgs decays (bb̄, ${\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$, gg, ZZ, WW) and for $\mathrm{H}\to \mathrm{c}\bar{\mathrm{c}}$, it would take half a century to CLIC and ILC@CERN to reach the precisions that FCC-ee can achieve in 8 years thanks to its large luminosity and its four interactions points. The corresponding electricity consumption, cost and carbon footprint would also be very significantly larger with linear colliders than with FCC-ee. Considering in addition that (i) [...]; (ii) [...]; (iii) [...]; and {\it (iv)} the vast experimental programme achievable with both FCC-ee and FCC-hh is out of reach of linear colliders; it is found that FCC-ee is a vastly superior option for CERN, and the only first step en route to the 100\,TeV hadron collider.

    hep-phhep-ex11 citations
19. 19*

    Electromagnetic nucleon form factors in the extended vector meson dominance model

    K.S. Kuzmin🇷🇺 · N.M. Levashko🇷🇺 · M.I. Krivoruchenko🇷🇺

    An extended vector meson dominance model is developed to describe electromagnetic nucleon form factors. The model includes families of the $\rho$- and $\omega$-mesons with the associated radial excitations. The free parameters of the model are determined using a global statistical analysis of experimental data on the electromagnetic nucleon form factors in space- and timelike regions of transferred momenta. The vector meson masses and widths are equal to their empirical values, while the residues of form factors at the poles corresponding to the ground states of the $\rho$- and $\omega$-mesons are consistent with the findings of both the Frazer-Fulco unitarity relations and the Bonn potential for coupling constants of the $\rho$- and $\omega$-mesons with nucleons. Theoretical constraints imposed on the model include the quark counting rules, the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka rule, the scaling law of Sachs form factors at moderate momentum transfers, and the suppression of Sachs form factors near the nucleon-antinucleon threshold. A reasonable description of the nucleon form factors in the experimentally accessible range of transferred momenta, as well as the electric and magnetic nucleon radii and Zemach radii, is obtained.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·7 citations
20. 20*

    Exploring high-multiplicity events in high-energy proton-proton collisions

    Yuri N. Lima🇧🇷 · Andre V. Giannini🇵🇹 · Victor P. B. Goncalves🇧🇷

    It is known that the proton is overpopulated by gluons and is characterized as a highly dense medium at high collision energies. From this, the formation of a new state of matter called Color Glass Condensate (CGC) is expected, and an open question is whether the nonlinear effects predicted by this state are identifiable at the LHC. The multiplicity of particles produced in a hadronic collision presents as a means to adequately investigate this problem. Currently, the description of the available data for different multiplicity regimes remains a challenge. Even though different experimental collaborations have identified that the production of certain final states, in $pp$ collisions, present a modification in the behavior of high multiplicity events in relation to the case of minimum bias we still lack a way to identify the nature of those high multiplicity events: are those driven by initial-state effects, final-state effects or a mix of both? We argue that a analyzing different particle production process that can be described CGC framework, in particular, isolated photon production which is not sensitive to final-state effects, may provide a path forward in answering this question.

    hep-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2025)·0 citations
21. 21*

    How to Falsify String Theory at a Collider

    Matthew Baumgart🇺🇸 · Panagiotis Christeas🇺🇸 · Jonathan J. Heckman🇺🇸 · Rebecca J. Hicks🇺🇸

    The string landscape accommodates a broad range of possible effective field theories. This poses a challenge for extracting verifiable predictions as well as falsifiable signatures of string theory. Motivated by these considerations, in this work we observe that all known stringy Standard Models support only low-dimensional representations of the gauge group. While it is in principle possible to produce contrived models with higher-dimensional representations, these generically appear in a tower of states with lighter ones in lower-dimensional representations, i.e., not in isolation. With this in mind, we consider the phenomenologically well-motivated scenario given by adding a single Majorana field in a real, $n$-dimensional representation of $SU(2{)}_L$ with $n\ge 5$ \textit{and nothing else}. This scenario is not realized in any known string construction, and we conjecture that this is true of string theory in general. Detection of this scenario would thus amount to falsifying the (known) string landscape. We recast existing LHC searches for new electroweak states to extract updated bounds on this class of scenarios. Improved limits from future colliders and dark matter detection experiments provide additional routes to potentially falsifying string theory.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thPRResearch(2025)·4 citations
22. 22*

    Time-delayed gamma-ray signatures of heavy axions from core-collapse supernovae

    Joshua N. Benabou🇺🇸 · Claudio Andrea Manzari🇺🇸 · Yujin Park🇺🇸 · Garima Prabhakar🇺🇸 · Benjamin R. Safdi🇺🇸 · Inbar Savoray🇺🇸

    Heavy axions that couple to both quantum electrodynamics and quantum chromodynamics with masses on the order of MeV - GeV and high-scale decay constants in excess of $\sim$$10^8$ GeV may arise generically in e.g. axiverse constructions. In this work we provide the most sensitive search to-date for the existence of such heavy axions using Fermi-LAT data towards four recent supernovae (SN): Cas A, SN1987A, SN2023ixf, and SN2024ggi. We account for heavy axion production in the proto-neutron-star cores through nuclear and electromagnetic processes and then the subsequent decay of the axions into photons. While previous works have searched for gamma-rays from SN1987A using the Solar Maximum Mission that observed SN1987A during the SN itself, we show that using Fermi Large Area Telescope data provides an approximately five orders of magnitude improvement in flux sensitivity for axions with lifetimes larger than around 10 years. We find no evidence for heavy axions and exclude large regions of previously-unexplored parameter space.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRPRD(2025)·24 citations
23. 23*

    Renormalization-group equations of the LEFT at two loops: dimension-five effects

    Luca Naterop🇨🇭 · Peter Stoffer🇨🇭

    We present the first part of a systematic calculation of the two-loop anomalous dimensions in the low-energy effective field theory (LEFT): the effects at dimension five in the power counting. Our calculation is performed in a basis with generic mass matrices, we employ the algebraically consistent 't Hooft-Veltman scheme for ${\gamma }_5$, and we correct for evanescent as well as chiral-symmetry-breaking effects by including the appropriate finite counterterms. We also provide results for the $CP$-even sector in a scheme that coincides with naive dimensional regularization. We discuss two methods to avoid the explicit construction of gauge-variant operators, which in principle are needed for the cancellation of sub-divergences, even in the background-field method. The two methods are consistent with each other and with existing partial results. Our work is a further step towards a complete EFT framework for physics beyond the Standard Model at next-to-leading-logarithmic accuracy.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latJHEP(2025)·40 citations
24. 24*

    Asymmetries from a charged memory-burdened PBH

    Basabendu Barman🇮🇳 · Kousik Loho🇮🇳 · Óscar Zapata🇨🇴

    We explore a purely gravitational origin of observed baryon asymmetry and dark matter (DM) abundance from asymmetric Hawking radiation of light primordial black holes (PBH) in presence of a non-zero chemical potential, originating from the space-time curvature. Considering the PBHs are described by a Reissner-Nordström metric, and are produced in a radiation dominated Universe, we show, it is possible to simultaneously explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry along with right DM abundance satisfying bounds from big bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background and gravitational wave energy density due to PBH density fluctuation. We also obtain the parameter space beyond the semiclassical approximation, taking into account the quantum effects on charged PBH dynamics due to memory burden.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJCAP(2025)·17 citations
25. 25*

    Bridging massive and massless schemes for soft gluon resummation in heavy-flavour production in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions

    Andrea Ghira🇮🇹 · Lorenzo Mai🇮🇹 · Simone Marzani🇮🇹

    Perturbative calculations for processes involving heavy flavours can be carried out using two approaches: the massive and the massless schemes. These schemes can also be combined to leverage their respective strengths. Additionally, both massive and massless frameworks can be supplemented by soft-gluon resummation. However, matching resummed calculations across the two schemes presents significant challenges, primarily due to the non-commutativity of the soft and small mass limits. The consistent resummation of mass and soft logarithms has been recently achieved at next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy. In this paper, we consider heavy-quark fragmentation functions in electron-positron collisions and we extend this framework to achieve the so-called NLL${}^{\prime }$ accuracy, which accounts for finite terms in the soft limit.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·10 citations
26. 26*

    Searching for axion-like particles with SPHEREx

    Marco Regis🇮🇹 · Marco Taoso🇮🇹 · Jorge Terol Calvo🇮🇹

    We study prospects to detect axion-like particles (ALPs) with the upcoming near-infrared telescope SPHEREx. The signal under investigation is the ALP decay into two photons. Assuming dark matter (DM) to be in the form of ALPs, we analyze the signal from the DM halos of dwarf spheroidal galaxies, the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way. We find that SPHEREx can significantly improve current limits on the axion-photon coupling in the 0.5-3 eV ALP mass range.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·6 citations
27. 27*

    An Open Effective Field Theory for light in a medium

    Santiago Agui Salcedo🇬🇧 · Thomas Colas🇬🇧 · Enrico Pajer🇬🇧

    In many scenarios of interest, a quantum system interacts with an unknown environment, necessitating the use of open quantum system methods to capture dissipative effects and environmental noise. With the long-term goal of developing a perturbative theory for open quantum gravity, we take an important step by studying Abelian gauge theories within the Schwinger-Keldysh formalism. We begin with a pedagogical review of general results for open free theories, setting the stage for our primary focus: constructing the most general open effective field theory for electromagnetism in a medium. We assume locality in time and space, but allow for an arbitrary finite number of derivatives. Crucially, we demonstrate that the two copies of the gauge group associated with the two branches of the Schwinger-Keldysh contour are not broken but are instead deformed by dissipative effects. We provide a thorough discussion of gauge fixing, define covariant gauges, and calculate the photon propagators, proving that they yield gauge-invariant results. A notable result is the discovery that gauge invariance is accompanied by non-trivial constraints on noise fluctuations. We derive these constraints through three independent methods, highlighting their fundamental significance for the consistent formulation of open quantum gauge theories.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJHEP(2025)·35 citations
28. 28*

    Quantum aspects of non-invertible flavor symmetries in intersecting/magnetized D-brane models

    Shuta Funakoshi🇯🇵 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵

    We discuss selection rules of chiral matters in type IIA intersecting and IIB magnetized D-brane models on toroidal orbifolds. Since the chiral matters on toroidal orbifolds are labeled by a certain conjugacy class of the gauged orbifold group, the selection rules involve non-trivial fusion rules. We find that the representation of the chiral matters is described by a $D_4$ flavor symmetry for an even number of magnetic fluxes or winding numbers at tree level. Furthermore, the $D_4$ symmetry still remains even when we take into account loop effects. We also study non-perturbative effects such as D-brane instantons.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·30 citations
29. 29*

    Gravitational Atoms and Black Hole Binaries

    Giovanni Maria Tomaselli🇳🇱

    Several models of physics beyond the Standard Model predict the existence of new ultralight bosons. This thesis investigates a way to discover such particles through observations of gravitational waves from binary black holes. This is possible through black hole superradiance, which spontaneously creates a "boson cloud" around a rapidly spinning black hole. The system is also known as a gravitational atom, due to its similarities with the hydrogen atom. The thesis focuses on a scenario where a gravitational atom is orbited by a binary companion. The goal is to characterize the dynamics of the system and identify the signatures left by the boson cloud on the gravitational waves emitted by the binary. The predictions can be tested with current and future interferometers, such as LISA, LIGO, DECIGO, Einstein Telescope and TianQin. First, I demonstrate that the cloud catalyzes the binary formation by increasing the dynamical capture cross section. I then introduce and study the ionization of the cloud, wherein the perturbation from the binary unbinds the bosons, analogous to the photoelectric effect in atomic physics. After that, I examine the accretion of the cloud on the companion black hole. To achieve realistic and complete results, I proceed to extend the treatment of ionization, as well as of the orbital resonances discussed in earlier works, to orbits with generic inclination and eccentricity. This allows to study the entire history of the system, from formation to merger. The most distinctive observational signatures of the cloud are found to be the orbital energy lost through ionization and the preference for specific inclinations and eccentricities induced by the orbital resonances.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-th4 citations
30. 30*

    Unitarity constrains the quantum information metrics for particle interactions

    Shanmuka Shivashankara🇺🇸 · Hobbes Sprague🇺🇸

    Unitarity provides mathematical and physical constraints on quantum information systems. e.g., in entanglement swapping, unitarity requires the same von Neumann entanglement entropy generation for either a particle interaction or an act of measurement. For the first time, the language of non-relativistic quantum mechanics is presented to derive the density matrix for hard scattering. We show that unitarity allows for finding the latter's cross section without using the scattering amplitude or the Lippmann-Schwinger equation plus Green's function. We also show the language of relativistic quantum mechanics can be used to derive the momentum entropy or Sackur-Tetrode equation for the inelastic scattering of an electron from a proton. The latter entropy derives from a Shannon entropy and an additional entropy that evokes the uncertainty principle. This article's presentation allows particle physicists to readily begin calculating quantum information metrics such as correlations and mutual information for any particle interaction.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MP+1NPB(2025)·1 citation
31. 31*

    Neutron Star Properties and Femtoscopic Constraints

    I. Vidana🇮🇹 · V. Mantovani Sarti🇩🇪 · J. Haidenbauer🇩🇪 · D. L. Mihaylov🇩🇪 · L. Fabbietti🇩🇪

    We construct the equation of state of hypernuclear matter and study the structure of neutron stars employing a chiral hyperon-nucleon interaction of the Jülich--Bonn group tuned to femtoscopic $\Lambda p$ data of the ALICE Collaboration, and $\Lambda \Lambda$ and $\Xi$N interactions determined from lattice QCD calculations by the HAL QCD Collaboration that reproduce the femtoscopic $\Lambda \Lambda$ and ${\Xi }^{-}p$ data. We employ the ab-initio microscopic Brueckner--Hartree--Fock theory extended to the strange baryon sector. A special focus is put on the uncertainties of the hyperon interactions and how they are effectively propagated to the composition, equation of state, mass-radius relation and tidal deformability of neutron stars. To such end, we consider the uncertainty due to the experimental error of the femtoscopic $\Lambda p$ data used to fix the chiral hyperon-nucleon interaction and the theoretical uncertainty, estimated from the residual cut-off dependence of this interaction. We find that the final maximum mass of a neutron star with hyperons is in the range $1.3-1.4$ $M_{\odot }$, in agreement with previous works. The hyperon puzzle, therefore, remains still an open issue if only two-body hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions are considered. Predictions for the tidal deformability of neutron stars with hyperons are found to be in agreement with the observational constraints from the gravitational wave event GW170817 in the mass range $1.1-1.3$ $M_{\odot }$.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phEPJA(2025)·25 citations
32. 32*

    Search for dark matter from the center of the Earth with ten years of IceCube data

    The IceCube Collaboration

    The nature of dark matter remains unresolved in fundamental physics. Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), which could explain the nature of dark matter, can be captured by celestial bodies like the Sun or Earth, leading to enhanced self-annihilation into Standard Model particles including neutrinos detectable by neutrino telescopes such as the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. This article presents a search for muon neutrinos from the center of the Earth performed with 10 years of IceCube data using a track-like event selection. We considered a number of WIMP annihilation channels ($\chi \chi \to {\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$/$W^{+}{W}^{-}$/$b\bar{b}$) and masses ranging from 10 GeV to 10 TeV. No significant excess over background due to a dark matter signal was found while the most significant result corresponds to the annihilation channel $\chi \chi \to b\bar{b}$ for the mass $m_{\chi }=250$~GeV with a post-trial significance of $1.06\sigma$. Our results are competitive with previous such searches and direct detection experiments. Our upper limits on the spin-independent WIMP scattering are world-leading among neutrino telescopes for WIMP masses $m_{\chi }>100$~GeV.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phEPJC(2025)·18 citations
33. 33*

    Constraints on Strongly-Interacting Dark Matter from the James Webb Space Telescope

    Peizhi Du🇺🇸 · Rouven Essig🇺🇸 · Bernard J. Rauscher🇺🇸 · Hailin Xu🇺🇸

    Direct-detection searches for dark matter are insensitive to dark matter particles that have large interactions with ordinary matter, which are stopped in the atmosphere or the Earth's crust before reaching terrestrial detectors. We use ``dark'' calibration images taken with the HgCdTe detectors in the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to derive novel constraints on sub-GeV dark matter candidates that scatter off electrons. We supplement the JWST analysis pipeline with additional masks to remove pixels with high-energy background events. For a 0.4% subcomponent of dark matter that interacts with an ultralight dark photon, we disfavor all previously allowed parameter space at high cross sections, and constrain some parameter regions for subcomponent fractions as low as $\sim$0.01%.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-exhep-phPRL(2025)·8 citations
34. 34*

    Semi-Analytic Modeling of Dark Matter Subhalo Encounters with Thin Stellar Streams: Statistical Predictions for GD-1-like Streams in CDM

    Duncan K. Adams🇺🇸 · Aditya Parikh🇺🇸 · Oren Slone🇺🇸 · Rouven Essig🇺🇸 · Manoj Kaplinghat🇺🇸 · Adrian M. Price-Whelan🇺🇸

    Stellar streams from disrupted globular clusters are dynamically cold structures that are sensitive to perturbations from dark matter subhalos, allowing them in principle to trace the dark matter substructure in the Milky Way. We model, within the context of $\Lambda$CDM, the likelihood of dark matter subhalos to produce a significant feature in a GD-1-like stream and analyze the properties of such subhalos. We generate many realizations of the subhalo population within a Milky Way mass host halo using the semi-analytic code SatGen, accounting for effects such as tidal stripping and dynamical friction. The subhalo distributions are combined with a GD-1-like stream model, and the impact of subhalos that pass close to the stream are modeled with Gala. We find that subhalos with masses in the range $2\times 10^6{M}_{\odot }-10^8{M}_{\odot }$ at the time of the stream-subhalo encounter, corresponding to masses of about $2\times 10^7{M}_{\odot }-10^9{M}_{\odot }$ at the time of infall, are the likeliest to produce gaps in a GD-1-like stream. We find that gaps occur on average $\sim$3~times per realization of the host system. These gaps have typical widths of $\sim (5-27)$~deg and fractional underdensities of $\sim (10-30)\%$, with larger gaps being caused by heavier subhalos. The stream-subhalo encounters responsible for these have impact parameters $(0.1-1.5)$~kpc and relative velocities $\sim (200-410)$~km/s. We also investigate the effects of increasing the host-halo mass on the gap properties and formation rate.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COhep-phApJ(2025)·9 citations
35. 35*

    Non-Gaussianity from explicit $U(1)$-breaking interactions

    Raymond T. Co🇺🇸 · Taegyu Lee🇺🇸 · Sai Chaitanya Tadepalli🇺🇸

    We investigate primordial non-Gaussianity (NG) arising from the explicit $U(1)$ symmetry-breaking interactions during inflation involving a nearly massless axial component of a complex scalar field $P$. We analyze the induced NG parameter $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ under scenarios where the axial field functions as either a curvaton or cold dark matter (CDM). In the curvaton framework, there is a conventional contribution to the local NG of $f_{\mathrm{NL}}\simeq -O(1)$. Additional positive local NG can result from either the self-interactions of axial field fluctuations, their interactions with a light radial partner, or kinetic mixing with the inflaton via $U(1)$ symmetry-breaking terms. We identify parameter regions where the interactions lead to cancellations, suppressing the overall local NG to $|f_{\mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{loc}}|\lesssim O(0.1)$, while leaving the trispectrum largely unaffected. In the CDM scenario, these interactions enhance the NG in the isocurvature fluctuations. Moreover, interactions between the axial field and another light scalar, such as a curvaton, can generate $O(1)$ curvature NG signals and significant mixed curvature-isocurvature NGs that are within the reach of future experiments with $\sigma (f_{\mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{loc}})\sim 1$. We also explore the role of a heavy radial field in generating oscillating correlation signals, noting that such signals can dominate the shape of the mixed adiabatic-isocurvature bispectrum. In certain cases, an oscillatory isocurvature bispectrum signal may be observable in the future, aiding in distinguishing between certain types of the $U(1)$-breaking self-interactions of the axial field.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·1 citation

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.