Thu·Dec 5, 2024Thursday·December 5, 2024

1. 01*

   Neutrino portals to MeV WIMPs with s-channel mediators

   Nicole F. Bell🇦🇺 · Matthew J. Dolan🇦🇺 · Avirup Ghosh🇦🇺 · Michael Virgato🇦🇺

   Large-scale neutrino detectors currently under construction will have the unique ability to probe the annihilation of low-mass thermal-relic dark matter to neutrinos. This represents an essential test of the thermal freezeout paradigm. This raises the question: what viable UV-complete models are there in which dark matter annihilates dominantly to neutrinos? We discuss models that fulfill this criteria, and are invariant under the Standard Model gauge group, for both scalar and fermionic dark matter. Specifically, we construct new models in which annihilation via the $s$-channel exchange of a scalar or pseudoscalar mediator achieves the correct relic density. In these models, dark matter is stabilised by an exact or a softly-broken lepton-number symmetry. The parameter space of such models will be probed, almost entirely, by the combination of JUNO, Hyper-Kamiokande and CMB-S4.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
2. 02*

   The production and decay of $X_0(2900)$ state with different interpretation

   Zi-Yan Yang🇨🇳 · Qian Wang🇨🇳 · Wei Chen🇨🇳

   The observation of $X_0(2900)$ in $B^{+}\to D^{+}{D}^{-}{K}^{+}$ decay process indicates the existence of open flavor tetraquark states. We study the production and decay of $X_0(2900)$ state with final state interaction mechanism, where we calculate the strong vertices such as $g_{\bar{D}K{X}_0}$, $g_{{\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }{X}_0}$, $g_{D_s^{\ast }\bar{D}K}$ and $g_{D_{s1}\bar{D}{K}^{\ast }}$ in the framework of QCD sum rules method. We find that for the interpretation of the ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ molecule of $X_0(2900)$, the branching fraction of the production process and the decay width are consistent with the experimental results, indicating that the observed $X_0(2900)$ could be interpreted as the ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ molecule. However, we cannot exclude the possibility of a compact tetraquark interpretation within the uncertainty. Further experimental and theoretical efforts should be made to fully understand the nature of the $X_0(2900)$ state.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
3. 03*

   Testing the gauged ${\mathrm{U}(1)}_{B-L}$ model for loop induced neutrino mass with dark matter

   Guohao Ying🇯🇵 · Shinya Kanemura🇯🇵 · Yushi Mura🇯🇵

   We present a new viable benchmark scenario under the current experimental data for the model which can explain tiny mass of active neutrinos and dark matter, as a summary of our results. Majorana masses of right-handed neutrinos are given by the spontaneous breaking of the ${\mathrm{U}(1)}_{B-L}$ gauge symmetry above the electroweak scale, and tiny neutrino masses are radiatively induced by quantum effects of particles of the dark sector including dark matter candidates. We first show benchmark points which satisfy current experimental data, and then give comments on how this model can be tested at collider experiments.

   hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·0 citations
4. 04*

   Probing active-sterile neutrino transition magnetic moment on coherent elastic solar neutrino-nucleus scattering

   Mehmet Demirci🇹🇷 · M. Fauzi Mustamin🇹🇷

   In the presence of a transition magnetic moment between active and sterile neutrinos, sterile neutrinos could be produced by neutrino beams electromagnetically upscattering on nuclei. We study the active-sterile neutrino transition magnetic moment through this upscattering in the coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering process induced by solar neutrinos. We place new limits on the transition magnetic moment-sterile neutrino mass plane using the latest data from the CDEX-10 experiment. We also provide projected sensitivities for future measurements. We observe that the projected sensitivities could cover some regions of the parameter space which were previously unexplored for the sterile neutrino mass up to $\sim$10 MeV.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·12 citations
5. 05*

   Simulation of dark scalar particle sensitivity in $\eta$ rare decay channels at HIAF

   Yang Liu🇨🇳 · Rong Wang🇨🇳 · Zaiba Mushtaq🇨🇳 · Ye Tian🇨🇳 · Xionghong He🇨🇳 · Hao Qiu🇨🇳 · Xurong Chen🇨🇳

   Searching dark portal particle is a hot topic in particle physics frontier. We present a simulation study of an experiment targeted for searching the scalar portal particle at Huizhou $\eta$ factory. The HIAF high-intensity proton beam and a high event-rate spectrometer are suggested for the experiment aimed for the discovery of new physics. Under the conservative estimation, $5.9\times 10^{11}$ $\eta$ events could be produced in one month running of the experiment. The hadronic production of $\eta$ meson ($p{+}^7\text{Li}\to \eta X$) is simulated at beam energy of 1.8 GeV using GiBUU event generator. We tend to search for the light dark scalar particle in the rare decay channels $\eta \to S{\pi }^0\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\pi }^0$ and $\eta \to S{\pi }^0\to e^{+}{e}^{-}{\pi }^0$. The detection efficiencies of the channels and the spectrometer resolutions are studied in the simulation. We also present the projected upper limits of the decay branching ratios of the dark scalar particle and the projected sensitivities to the model parameters.

   hep-phCPC(2025)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Investigation of ${\Lambda }_c$ States and $(\bar{D}N)$ Molecules Production at EicC and EIC

   Kai-Sa Qiao🇨🇳 · Bing-Song Zou🇨🇳

   We explore various ${\Lambda }_c$ states, including ${\Lambda }_c$, ${\Lambda }_c(2595)$, ${\Lambda }_c(2940)$, and the predicted $(\bar{D}N)$ hadronic molecular states, in photoproduction and electroproduction to estimate their yields at EicC and EIC. Assuming ${\Lambda }_c(2940)$ as either a hadronic molecular state or a three-quark state, our analysis demonstrates that its production rates are of the same order of magnitude, posing challenges in identifying its underlying structure. After considering the integral luminosity, the yields of ${\Lambda }_c$ excited states reach $10^6$ to $10^7$ at EicC and EIC. The $(\bar{D}N)$ molecular states with both isospin $I=0$ and $I=1$ are also studied, with yields reaching $10^5$, making them likely to be detectable at these facilities.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·4 citations
7. 07*

   Clustering logarithms up to six loops

   K. Khelifa-Kerfa🇩🇿

   We compute the leading clustering (abelian non-global) logarithms, which arise in the distribution of non-global QCD observables when final-state partons are clustered using the $k_t$ jet algorithm, up to six loops in perturbation theory. Our calculations are based on the recently introduced formula for the analytic structure of $k_t$ clustering [1]. These logarithms exhibit a pattern of exponentiation and are subsequently resummed into an exponential form. We compare this resummed result with all-orders numerical calculations.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
8. 08*

   Quantum Correlations in Neutrino and Neutral Meson Oscillations

   Subhashish Banerjee🇮🇳

   We discuss the impact of ideas of open quantum systems and quantum information to various facets of neutrino and neutral meson oscillations. These oscillations are characterized by a number of quantum correlations, both spatial as well as temporal. For neutrinos, the correlations are shown to be simple functions of the product of neutrino survival and oscillation probabilities. The quantum correlations in the neutral mesons are seen to be non-trivially different from their stable counterparts.

   hep-phgr-qcquant-phAstrophys.Space Sci.Proc.(2025)·1 citation
9. 09*

   On electroweak metastability and Higgs inflation

   Isabella Masina🇮🇹 · Mariano Quiros🇪🇸

   For the central values of the relevant experimental inputs, that is the strong coupling constant and the top quark and Higgs masses, the effective Higgs potential displays two minima, one at the electroweak scale and a deeper one at high energies. We review the phenomenology of the Higgs inflation model, extending the Standard Model to include a non-minimal coupling to gravity; as recently shown [1], even configurations that would be metastable in the Standard Model, become viable for inflation if the non-minimal coupling is large enough to flatten the Higgs potential at field values below the barrier between the minima.

   hep-phastro-ph.COSciPost Phys.Proc.(2026)·0 citations
10. 10*

    Scalar sector of Type 2 Seesaw model explorations with multi-lepton final states

    Călin Alexa (1)🇷🇴 · Otilia A. Ducu (1)🇷🇴 · Ana E. Dumitriu (1)🇷🇴 · Adam Jinaru (1)🇷🇴 · Emmanuel Monnier (2)🇫🇷 · Gilbert Moultaka (3)🇫🇷 · Alexandra Tudorache (1)🇷🇴 · Hanlin Xu (4) ((1) IFIN-HH Bucharest, Romania, (2) CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France, (3) Laboratoire Univers & Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France, (4) Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China)

    Originally motivated for the generation of (Majorana) neutrino masses, the Type 2 Seesaw Model has also a rich extended Higgs sector with, if accessible at the LHC, a distinctive phenomenology of neutral, charged and doubly-charged states. The goal of the work is to present an exhaustive phenomenological study of the most promising production and decay channels of pair or associated scalars, decaying directly or in cascades to Standard Model particles at the LHC. The study is complementary to the literature in that it highlights a previously unnoticed important sensitivity to a mixing angle. The ensuing uncertainty calls for a comprehensive experimental search strategy for the various processes. These processes can be studied within LHC energies reach, by comparing cutflow results for different final states. We carried out prospective search analyses with multi-lepton, jets and missing energy configurations, assuming an ATLAS-like detector at LHC and HL-LHC, for charged, doubly-charged, and for the first time neutral scalar productions. The work is a collaboration between ATLAS experimentalists and theoreticians in continuation of an endeavor that lead to previous published ATLAS analyses for the search of (doubly)charged Higgs bosons, aiming at proposals for future experimental searches.

    hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
11. 11*

    Rigorous Roy-Steiner equation analysis of $\pi K$ scattering at unphysical quark masses

    Xiong-Hui Cao🇨🇳 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳 · Zhi-Hui Guo🇨🇳 · Qu-Zhi Li🇨🇳

    We perform a rigorous analysis of the $\pi K$ scattering at an unphysical pion mass 391 MeV using the Roy-Steiner equations, which satisfy unitarity, analyticity and crossing symmetry, for the first time. Stable solutions of the Roy-Steiner equations with different quantum numbers of isospin and angular momentum are obtained in the elastic energy region, by taking inputs from the $\pi K$ lattice data in the inelastic region, the lattice data from the crossed $\pi \pi \to K\bar{K}$ channels, the masses of $f_0(500)$ and $K^{\ast }$ at the same pion mass from previous study, and the Regge model. Predictions on the elastic $\pi K$ scattering phase shifts and the $K_0^{\ast }(700)$ pole content are made. Contrary to the virtual pole scenario obtained using the $K$-matrix method in the literature, we find that lightest strange scalar meson $K_0^{\ast }(700)$ remains a broad resonance at $m_{\pi }=391$ MeV. The cross-channel dynamics is found to play a crucial role in deriving the proper pole position.

    hep-phhep-latPRD(2025)·9 citations
12. 12*

    The cross section of inverse beta decay

    Giulia Ricciardi🇮🇹 · Natascia Vignaroli🇮🇹 · Francesco Vissani🇮🇹

    We discuss the accuracy of the evaluation of the cross section for inverse beta decay at low energies and its relevance in the current experimental framework.

    hep-phhep-exSpringer Proc.Phys.(2025)·2 citations
13. 13*

    Data-driven analysis of the $\gamma {\gamma }^{\ast }\to {\pi }^0$ system using mathematical models and the role of feedback-loop dynamics

    N. G. Stefanis🇩🇪

    The data behavior of the pion-photon transition form factor (TFF) is discussed using a nonlinear mathematical model with two parameters $B$ and $C$. Analysis shows that the model's inherent inhibition provides a precondition for the asymptotic saturation of the TFF in agreement with perturbative QCD. Integral to this derivation is the use of a novel fundamental relation between the half-saturated TFF and its asymptotic limit given by $B$. This helps avoid the determination of the location of the TFF at infinite momentum by estimating instead the maximum slope of the curve at $Q^2=C$. In conjunction with the $1\sigma (B,C)$ confidence ellipse, this framework provides an improved fit to the Belle data by setting stronger constraints on the fitting parameters and taking into account the sensitivity to third-party events below Belle's kinematic coverage. Without inhibition, the slope of the TFF curve would continue to grow so that saturation towards the asymptotic QCD limit would not be achieved. In order to compare the key features of TFF fit models to upcoming high-precision data in a standardized way, a conformity protocol in terms of QCD-based criteria is worked out. Adopting a broader perspective, we show that the asymptotic saturation of an inhibited TFF fit curve is analogous to a mechanical system driven by a feedback-loop mechanism in control theory.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
14. 14*

    Self-interactions of ultralight spinless dark matter to the rescue?

    Gaurav Goswami🇮🇳

    Numerous observations on astrophysical and cosmological scales can be interpreted to mean that, in addition to the familiar kind of matter well described by the standard model of elementary particle physics, there exists Dark Matter (DM). The fundamental properties of the elementary particles which make up the DM e.g. particle mass, spin, couplings etc are currently being observationally constrained. In particular, if DM particles have spin zero, there exist recent constraints which suggest a lower limit on its mass which is often a couple of orders of magnitude larger than $10^{-22}$ eV. In this talk, we will (a) argue that these limits are based on the assumption that the self coupling of the spinless DM particles is negligible, and, (b) show how some of these lower limits will get modified in the presence of incredibly feeble self interactions.

    hep-phastro-ph.COSpringer Proc.Phys.(2026)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Vacuum Metastability from Axion-Higgs Criticality

    Maximilian Detering🇬🇧 · Tevong You🇬🇧

    Self-organised criticality, realised through cosmological dynamics in the early universe, is an alternative paradigm for addressing the electroweak hierarchy problem. In this scenario, an unnaturally light Higgs boson is the result of dynamics driving the electroweak vacuum towards a near-critical metastable point where the Higgs mass is bounded from above by the vacuum instability scale. To lower the vacuum instability scale close to the weak scale, previous realisations of this mechanism introduced new vector-like fermions coupled to the Higgs. Here we show that an Axion-Like Particle (ALP) coupling to the Higgs is an alternative possibility for achieving criticality with another well-motivated and naturally light candidate for new physics, thus leading to an entirely different set of testable phenomenological signatures. Our Axion-Higgs criticality model predicts an ALP in the MeV to $\mathcal{O}(10)$ GeV range. The entire natural region of parameter space can be thoroughly explored by a combination of future colliders, flavour experiments, and cosmological observatories.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·6 citations
16. 16*

    Giving wake to energy-energy correlators: Hydrodynamic response on the celestial sphere

    João Barata🇨🇭 · Matvey V. Kuzmin🇷🇺 · José Guilherme Milhano🇵🇹 · Andrey V. Sadofyev🇵🇹

    The observation of the medium response generated by the propagation of high energy partons in the quark gluon plasma produced in heavy-ion collisions would provide a clear and unmistakable evidence for the hydrodynamic behavior of the bulk. Recently, it has been argued that the features of the medium's back-reaction to the jet could be cleanly imprinted in the correlations of asymptotic energy flows, in principle allowing to isolate this signal from other uncorrelated physical processes. Nonetheless, the current limited theoretical understanding of these jet observables in heavy-ion collisions constrains their applicability as probes of the medium (hydro)dynamics. In this work, we provide an analytic picture for the medium back-reaction's effect on the energy flux and two point energy correlator. We show that the medium response leads to the emergence of an universal classical scaling law, competing with the perturbative QCD contribution at large angles. Comparing the associated correlator to recent experimental measurements, we find that the observed large angle features can be qualitatively described by a purely hydrodynamically driven response and its interplay with the hard jet component.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·27 citations
17. 17*

    Direct Deflection of Millicharged Radiation

    Asher Berlin🇺🇸 · Surjeet Rajendran🇺🇸 · Harikrishnan Ramani🇺🇸 · Erwin H. Tanin🇺🇸

    Millicharged particles are generic in theories of dark sectors. A cosmic or local abundance of them may be produced by the early universe, stellar environments, or the decay or annihilation of dark matter/dark energy. Furthermore, if such particles are light, these production channels result in a background of millicharged radiation. We show that light-shining-through-wall experiments employing superconducting RF cavities can also be used as ``direct deflection" experiments to search for this relativistic background. The millicharged plasma is first subjected to an oscillating electromagnetic field of a driven cavity, which causes charge separation in the form of charge and current perturbations. In turn, these perturbations can propagate outwards and resonantly excite electromagnetic fields in a well-shielded cavity placed nearby, enabling detection. We estimate that future versions of the existing Dark SRF experiment can probe orders of magnitude of currently unexplored parameter space, including millicharges produced from the Sun, the cosmic neutrino background, or other mechanisms that generate a thermal abundance with energy density as small as $\sim 10^{-4}$ that of the cosmic microwave background.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exJHEP(2025)·5 citations
18. 18*

    Blue Loops, Cepheids, and Forays into Axions

    Kaleb Anderson🇺🇸 · Thomas C. Gehrman🇺🇸 · Pearl Sandick🇺🇸 · Kuver Sinha🇺🇸 · Edward Walsh🇺🇸 · Tao Xu🇺🇸

    The blue loop stage of intermediate mass stars has been called a "magnifying glass", where even seemingly small effects in prior stages of evolution, as well as assumptions about stellar composition, rotation, and convection, produce discernible changes. As such, blue loops, and especially the existence and properties of Cepheids, can serve as a laboratory where feebly connected Beyond Standard Model particles such as axions can be gainfully studied. We undertake a careful study of the effects of these putative particles on the blue loop, paying close attention to the evolution of the core potential and the hydrogen profile. Our simulations, performed with MESA, place bounds on the axion-photon coupling using the galactic Cepheid S Mus, with dynamically-determined mass of $6M_{\odot }$, as a benchmark. The effects of varying convective overshoot on the core potential and hydrogen profile, and the ensuing changes in the axion constraints, are carefully studied. Along the way, we explore the "mirror principle" induced by the hydrogen burning shell and contrast our results with those existing in the literature. Less conservative (but more stringent) bounds on the axion-photon coupling are given for a $9M_{\odot }$ model, which is the heaviest that can be simulated if overshoot is incorporated, and tentative projections are given for a $12M_{\odot }$ model, which is approximately the heaviest tail of the mass distribution of galactic Cepheids determined by pulsation models using Gaia DR2. Our main message is that the reliable simulation and observation (ideally, through dynamical mass determination) of massive Cepheids constitutes an important frontier in axion searches, challenges in modeling uncertainties in the microphysics of the blue loop stage notwithstanding.

    hep-phastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRJCAP(2025)·3 citations
19. 19*

    Stepping Up Superradiance Constraints on Axions

    Samuel J. Witte🇬🇧 · Andrew Mummery🇬🇧

    Light feebly-coupled bosonic particles can efficiently extract the rotational energy of rapidly spinning black holes on sub-astrophysical timescales via a phenomenon known as black hole superradiance. In the case of light axions, the feeble self-interactions of these particles can lead to a non-linear coupled evolution of many superradiant quasi-bound states, dramatically altering the rate at which the black hole is spun down. In this work, we extend the study of axion superradiance to higher order states, solving for the first time the coupled evolution of all states with $n\le 5$ in the fully relativistic limit (with $n$ being the principle quantum number). Using a Bayesian framework, we re-derive constraints on axions using the inferred spins of solar mass black holes, demonstrating that previously adopted limit-setting procedures have underestimated current sensitivity to the axion decay constant $f_a$ by around one order of magnitude, and that the inclusion to higher order states allows one to reasonably capture the evolution of typical high-spin black holes across a much wider range of parameter space, thereby allowing constraints to be extended to more massive axions. We conclude with an extensive discussion on the systematics associated with spin inference from x-ray observations.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcPRD(2025)·63 citations
20. 20*

    NuSTAR bounds on radiatively decaying particles from M82

    Francisco R. Candón🇪🇸 · Damiano F. G. Fiorillo🇩🇪 · Giuseppe Lucente🇺🇸 · Edoardo Vitagliano🇮🇹 · Julia K. Vogel🇩🇪

    Axions and other putative feebly interacting particles (FIPs) with a mass of tens to several hundreds of keVs can be produced in stellar cores with a Lorentz boost factor $E_a/m_a\lesssim 10$. Thus, starburst galaxies such as M82 are efficient factories of slow axions. Their decay $a\to \gamma \gamma$ would produce a large flux of X-ray photons, peaking around $100$ keV and spread around the galaxy by an angle that can be relatively large. We use observations of the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) mission to show that the absence of these features can constrain $30-500$ keV axion masses into uncharted regions for axion-photon coupling of $g_{a\gamma }\sim 10^{-10}-10^{-12}\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^{-1}$. Our argument can be applied to other heavy FIPs and astrophysical sources that are hot enough to produce them, yet cold enough to avoid large boost factors which slow down the decay.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEPRL(2025)·27 citations
21. 21*

    From the Unification of Conformal and Fuzzy Gravities with Internal Interactions to the $SO(10)$ GUT and the Particle Physics Standard Model

    Gregory Patellis🇵🇹 · Nicholas Tracas🇬🇷 · George Zoupanos🇬🇷

    In the present study, the unification of the Conformal and Fuzzy Gravities with the Internal Interactions is based on the observation that the tangent space of a curved space and the space itself do not have necessarily the same dimensions. Moreover, the construction is based on the fact that the gravitational theories can be formulated in a gauge-theoretical way. In the present work we study the various consecutive breakings through which these unified theories can ultimately result into the Standard Model. We estimate the scales of the breakings in each case using one-loop RGEs.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phEPJC(2025)·10 citations
22. 22*

    Prospects for gamma-ray emission from magnetar regions in CTAO observations

    M. F. Sousa🇧🇷 · R. Jr. Costa🇧🇷 · Jaziel G. Coelho🇧🇷 · R. C. Dos Anjos🇧🇷

    Recent multi-wavelength observations have highlighted magnetars as significant sources of cosmic rays, particularly through their gamma-ray emissions. This study examines three magnetar regions - CXOU J171405.7-31031, Swift J1834-0846, and SGR 1806-20 - known for emitting detectable electromagnetic signals. We assess the detectability of these regions using the upcoming Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO) by conducting an ON/OFF spectral analysis and compare the expected results with existing observations. Our findings indicate that CTAO will detect gamma-ray emissions from these three magnetar regions with significantly reduced emission flux errors compared to current instruments. In special, the study shows that the CXOUJ1714-3810 and SwiftJ1834-0846 magnetar regions can be observed by the full southern and northern CTAO arrays in just five hours of observation, with mean significances above $10\sigma$ and $30\sigma$, respectively. This paper discusses the regions analyzed, presents key results, and concludes with insights drawn from the study.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phApJ(2025)·7 citations
23. 23*

    Generalized susceptibilities of net-baryon number based on the 3-dimensional Ising universality class

    Xue Pan🇨🇳

    Assuming the equilibrium of the QCD system, we have investigated the critical behavior of sixth-, eighth- and tenth-order susceptibilities of net-baryon number, through mapping the results in the three-dimensional Ising model to that of QCD. Both the leading critical contribution as well as sub-leading critical contribution from the Ising model are discussed. When considering only the leading critical contribution, the density plots for susceptibilities of the same order demonstrate a consistent general pattern independent on values of mapping parameters. As the critical point is approached from the crossover side, a negative dip followed by a positive peak is observed in the ${\mu }_B$ dependence of the three different orders of susceptibilities. When sub-leading critical contribution is taken into account, modifications become apparent in the density plots of the susceptibilities. The emergence of negative dips in the ${\mu }_B$ dependence of the susceptibilities is not an absolute phenomenon, while the positive peak structure is a more robust feature of the critical point.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thCPC(2025)·1 citation
24. 24*

    Sensitivity of Double Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering observables to GPDs

    J. S. Alvarado🇫🇷 · M. Hoballah🇫🇷 · E. Voutier🇫🇷

    Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) are multidimensonal structure functions that encode the information about the internal structure of hadrons. Using privileged channels such as Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) or Timelike Compton Scattering (TCS), it is possible to make direct measurements at points where the momentum fraction of the parton equals the respective scaling variable. Double Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DDVCS) is a not yet measured and promising channel for GPD studies as it allows to perform more general measurements at independent momentum fraction and scaling variable values. GPDs are extracted from Compton Form Factors which arise naturally in experimental observables from different combinations of beam and target configurations. In the context of the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) and the Electron Ion Collider (EIC), we report the results of an exhaustive study of the DDVCS observables from polarized electron and positron beams directed to a polarized proton target. The study focuses on the sensitivity of the observables to the parton helicity conserving proton GPDs, particularly the consequences for GPDs measurements via DDVCS at CEBAF and EIC based on the VGG and GK19 model predictions.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-phPoS(2025)·2 citations
25. 25*

    Constraints on dark matter annihilation in the Large Magellanic Cloud from multiple low-frequency radio observations

    Zhanfang Chen🇨🇳 · Feng Huang🇨🇳 · Taotao Fang🇨🇳

    Low-frequency radio emission from the Large Magellanic Cloud~(LMC) is assumed to be dominated by nonthermal synchrotron radiation from energy loss of energetic $e^{+}/e^{-}$ in magnetic field. Two different kinds of sources of $e^{+}/e^{-}$, dark matter~(DM) annihilation and cosmic rays~(CR) related to massive stars, are taken into account in this paper. We fit the multiple low-frequency radio observations, from 19.7 MHz to 1.4 GHz, with a double power-law model $S_{nth}=S_{DM}(\frac{\nu }{{\nu }_{\star }}{)}^{-{\alpha }_{DM}}+S_{CR}(\frac{\nu }{{\nu }_{\star }}{)}^{-{\alpha }_{CR}}$. ${\nu }_{\star }$ is set to be $1.4$ GHz and $S_{CR}$ could be determined from the 24 $\mu m$ luminosity based on the global radio-infrared correlation. Our best fit with a fixed ${\alpha }_{CR}$ changing from $0.80$ to $0.55$ yields ${\alpha }_{DM}$ ranging from $0.21$ to $0.66$. Given a fixed value of ${\alpha }_{CR}$, we derive the upper limits of synchrotron emission induced by dark matter annihilation at different radio frequencies. Larger value of ${\alpha }_{CR}$ represents for a harder $e^{+}/e^{-}$ spectrum from cosmic rays, which leads to a smaller value of ${\alpha }_{DM}$ and allow less synchrotron emission resulted from dark matter annihilation in lower frequency. Under the same assumption on the magnetic field, we find that the lower the frequency, the stronger the restriction on DM parameter space. Meanwhile, as the peak frequency of synchrotron radiation decrease with the energy of $e^{+}/e^{-}$, constraints on DM properties obtained from lower frequency are more severe in the case of DM with lower mass. Future low-frequency radio survey should be considered a promising and powerful way to constrain DM.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-ph2 citations
26. 26*

    First Measurement of the Muon Neutrino Interaction Cross Section and Flux as a Function of Energy at the LHC with FASER

    FASER Collaboration: Roshan Mammen Abraham🇺🇸 · Xiaocong Ai🇨🇳 · John Anders🇨🇭 · Claire Antel🇨🇭 · Akitaka Ariga🇨🇭 · Tomoko Ariga🇯🇵 · Jeremy Atkinson🇨🇭 · Florian U. Bernlochner🇩🇪 · Tobias Boeckh🇩🇪 · Jamie Boyd🇨🇭 · Lydia Brenner🇳🇱 · Angela Burger🇨🇭 and 97 other authors

    This letter presents the measurement of the energy-dependent neutrino-nucleon cross section in tungsten and the differential flux of muon neutrinos and anti-neutrinos. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of $13.6\mathrm{TeV}$ and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $(65.6\pm 1.4)\mathrm{f}{\mathrm{b}}^{-1}$. Using the active electronic components of the FASER detector, $338.1\pm 21.0$ charged current muon neutrino interaction events are identified, with backgrounds from other processes subtracted. We unfold the neutrino events into a fiducial volume corresponding to the sensitive regions of the FASER detector and interpret the results in two ways: We use the expected neutrino flux to measure the cross section, and we use the predicted cross section to measure the neutrino flux. Both results are presented in six bins of neutrino energy, achieving the first differential measurement in the TeV range. The observed distributions align with Standard Model predictions. Using this differential data, we extract the contributions of neutrinos from pion and kaon decays.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRL(2025)·53 citations
27. 27*

    Searches for exotic spin-dependent interactions with spin sensors

    Min Jiang🇨🇳 · Haowen Su🇨🇳 · Yifan Chen🇩🇰 · Man Jiao🇨🇳 · Ying Huang🇨🇳 · Yuanhong Wang🇨🇳 · Xing Rong🇨🇳 · Xinhua Peng🇨🇳 · Jiangfeng Du🇨🇳

    Numerous theories have postulated the existence of exotic spin-dependent interactions beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Spin-based quantum sensors, which utilize the quantum properties of spins to enhance measurement precision, emerge as powerful tools for probing these exotic interactions. These sensors encompass a wide range of technologies, such as optically pumped magnetometers, atomic comagnetometers, spin masers, nuclear magnetic resonance, spin amplifiers, and nitrogen-vacancy centers. These technologies stand out for their ultrahigh sensitivity, compact tabletop design, and cost-effectiveness, offering complementary approaches to the large-scale particle colliders and astrophysical observations. This article reviews the underlying physical principles of various spin sensors and highlights the recent theoretical and experimental progress in the searches for exotic spin-dependent interactions with these quantum sensors. Investigations covered include the exotic interactions of spins with ultralight dark matter, exotic spin-dependent forces, electric dipole moment, spin-gravity interactions, and among others. Ongoing and forthcoming experiments using advanced spin-based sensors to investigate exotic spin-dependent interactions are discussed.

    ↳ quant-phgr-qchep-exhep-ph+1Rept.Prog.Phys.(2025)·13 citations
28. 28*

    Revisiting the impact of neutrino mass hierarchies on neutrino mass constraints in light of recent DESI data

    Laura Herold🇩🇪 · Marc Kamionkowski🇺🇸

    Recent results from DESI combined with cosmic microwave background data give the tightest constraints on the sum of neutrino masses to date. However, these analyses approximate the neutrino mass hierarchy by three degenerate-mass (DM) neutrinos, instead of the normal (NH) and inverted hierarchies (IH) informed by terrestrial neutrino oscillation experiments. Given the stringency of the upper limits from DESI data, we test explicitly whether the inferred neutrino constraints are robust to the choice of neutrino mass ordering using both Bayesian and frequentist methods. For Planck data alone, we find that the DM hierarchy presents a good approximation to the physically motivated hierarchies while showing a strong dependence on the assumed lower bound of the prior, confirming previous studies. For the combined Planck and DESI baryon acoustic oscillation data, we find that assuming NH ($M_{\mathrm{tot}}<0.13\mathrm{eV}$) or IH ($M_{\mathrm{tot}}<0.16\mathrm{eV}$) loosens the Bayesian upper limits compared to the DM approximation ($M_{\mathrm{tot}}<0.086\mathrm{eV}$). The frequentist analysis shows that the different neutrino models fit the data equally well and the loosening of the constraints can thus be attributed to the lower bounds induced by NH and IH. Overall, we find that the DM hierarchy presents a good approximation to the physically motivated hierarchies also for Planck+DESI data as long as the corresponding lower neutrino mass bounds are imposed.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·34 citations
29. 29*

    Learning from galactic rotation curves: a neural network approach

    Bihag Dave🇮🇳 · Gaurav Goswami🇮🇳

    For a galaxy, given its observed rotation curve, can one directly infer parameters of the dark matter density profile (such as dark matter particle mass $m$, scaling parameter $s$, core-to-envelope transition radius $r_t$ and NFW scale radius $r_s$), along with Baryonic parameters (such as the stellar mass-to-light ratio ${{\rm Y}}_{\ast }$)? In this work, using simulated rotation curves, we train neural networks, which can then be fed observed rotation curves of dark matter dominated dwarf galaxies from the SPARC catalog, to infer parameter values and their uncertainties. Since observed rotation curves have errors, we also explore the very important effect of noise in the training data on the inference. We employ two different methods to quantify uncertainties in the estimated parameters, and compare the results with those obtained using Bayesian methods. We find that the trained neural networks can extract parameters that describe observations well for the galaxies we studied.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-ph1 citation
30. 30*

    Quantum Rods and Clock in a Gravitational Universe

    Hao Geng🇺🇸

    Local operators are the basic observables in quantum field theory which encode the physics observed by a local experimentalist. However, when gravity is dynamical, diffeomorphism symmetries are gauged which apparently obstructs a sensible definition of local operators, as different locations in spacetime are connected by these gauged symmetries. This consideration brings in the puzzle of reconciling our empirical world with quantum gravity. Intuitively, this puzzle can be avoided using relatively defined observables when there exists a natural reference system such as a distribution of galaxies in our universe. Nevertheless, this intuition is classical as the rods and clock defined in this way may also have quantum fluctuations so it is not a priori clear if it can be realized in the quantum regime. In this letter, we provide an affirmative answer to this question. Interestingly, we notice that the quantum fluctuations of the reference system are in fact essential for the realization of the above intuition in the quantum regime.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·24 citations
31. 31*

    Magnetic Anti-de Sitter Wormholes as seeds for Higgs Inflation

    Panos Betzios🇧🇪 · Ioannis D. Gialamas🇪🇪 · Olga Papadoulaki🇫🇷

    We show how certain types of magnetic asymptotically Anti-de Sitter Euclidean wormholes can catalyze the onset of inflation. These wormholes can be embedded as saddle point solutions of General Relativity coupled to the Standard Model, the inflaton being identified with the Higgs particle. Our scenario is based on the assumption that the quantum effective potential for the Higgs turns negative at a certain high energy window, in line with current measured values for the Higgs and Top quark masses. Within our proposal, we can estimate various parameters and physical quantities of interest, in consistency with current observational bounds.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·16 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.