Thu·Nov 28, 2024Thursday·November 28, 2024

1. 01*

   CP violation in cold dense quark matter and axion effects on the non-radial oscillations of neutron stars

   Deepak Kumar🇮🇳 · Hiranmaya Mishra🇮🇳

   Charge-conjugation and parity violation in strong interaction for cold dense quark matter is studied with axions of quantum chromodynamic within the three flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model that includes the coupling of axions to quarks. We first calculate the effective potential for axions at finite baryon density and zero temperature including the effects of a first order chiral phase transition. Using the equation of state for quark matter with axions and a hadronic matter equation of state in the ambit of a relativistic mean field theory in quantum hadrodynamics, we discuss the hadron-quark phase transition. Inclusion of axions reduces the critical density for chiral transition. We use a Gibbs construct for the hadron-quark phase transition satisfying the constraints of beta equilibrium and charge neutrality as appropriate for the neutron star matter. The equation of state so obtained is used to investigate the structure of hybrid neutron stars. It is found that with the presence of axions, it is possible to have stable hybrid neutron stars having an inner core of quark matter both in pure quark matter phase as well as in a mixed phase with hyperonic matter along with a outer core of hyperonic matter and is in agreement with modern astrophysical constraints. We also discuss the properties of non-radial oscillations of such hybrid neutron stars. It is observed that the quadrupolar fundamental modes ($f$-modes) for such hybrid neutron stars get substantial enhancements both due to a larger quark core in the presence of axions and from the hyperons as compared to a canonical nucleonic neutron stars.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thJCAP(2026)·11 citations
2. 02*

   Mass spectra and wave functions of toponia

   Guo-Li Wang🇨🇳 · Tai-Fu Feng🇨🇳 · Ya-Qian Wang🇨🇳

   In this article, {we solve the instantaneous Bethe-Salpeter equation with Cornell potential and Coulomb potential} and conduct a meticulous study of the mass spectrum and wave function of toponium. Our investigation reveals that, owing to the exceedingly heavy mass of the top quark, the mass splitting between singlet and triplet states, as well as within the triplet states, is negligible. Consequently, relativistic corrections can be safely disregarded in the study of toponium. As such, we present the nonrelativistic wave functions for $S$-wave, $P$-wave, and $D$-wave toponia and study the decays ${\eta }_t\to \gamma \gamma$, ${\eta }_t\to gg$, and $\Theta \to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·21 citations
3. 03*

   Fully charmed P-wave tetraquark resonant states in the quark model

   Wei-Lin Wu🇨🇳 · Shi-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

   We conduct the first comprehensive P-wave four-body dynamical calculations of the fully charmed tetraquark systems within the quark potential model. We apply the Gaussian expansion method to solve the four-body Schrödinger equation, incorporating both dimeson and diquark-antidiquark spatial configurations. The matrix elements of P-wave states are calculated analytically using the infinitesimally-shifted Gaussian basis functions. With the complex scaling method, we obtain several fully charmed P-wave resonant states with compact tetraquark configuration in the mass region of $(7.0,7.2)$ GeV, including states with exotic quantum numbers $J^{PC}=0^{--},1^{-+}$. However, we find no resonant states with the mass $M<7$ GeV and width $\Gamma <200$ MeV. Combining the present investigation with our previous results on S-wave fully charmed tetraquark systems, we find no candidates for the experimental states $X(6400)$ and $X(6600)$ in the quark model.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thPRD(2025)·11 citations
4. 04*

   Heating the dark matter halo with dark radiation from supernovae

   Stefan Vogl🇩🇪 · Xun-Jie Xu🇨🇳

   Supernova explosions are among the most extreme events in the Universe, making them a promising environment in which to search for the effects of light, weakly coupled new particles. As significant sources of energy, they are known to have an important effect on the dynamics of ordinary matter in their host galaxies but their potential impact on the dark matter (DM) halo remains less explored. In this work, we investigate the possibility that some fraction of the supernova energy is released via the form of dark radiation into the DM halo. Based on evaluation of energetics, we find that even a small fraction of the total SN energy is sufficient to change the overall shape of the DM halo and transform a cuspy halo into a cored one. This may help to explain the cores that are observed in some dwarf galaxies. Alternatively, one can interpret the upper limit on the size of a possible DM core as an upper limit on the energy that can go into light particles beyond the SM. These arguments are largely independent of a concrete model for the new physics. Nevertheless, it is important to ensure that the conditions we need, i.e.~significant supernova emissivity of dark radiation and the opacity of DM halo to the dark radiation, can be met in actual models. To demonstrate this, we study four simple benchmark models: the dark photon, dark Higgs, and gauged $B-L$ and $L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }$ models -- all provide light weakly coupled particles serving as the dark radiation. Assuming a sizable coupling of the dark radiation to DM, we find that all of the benchmark models have a significant part of the parameter space that meets the conditions. Interestingly, the couplings allowed by observations of SN1987A can have a significant effect on the halo of dwarf spheroidal galaxies.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEJCAP(2025)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Gluon contribution to the angular momentum distribution of a dressed quark state

   Asmita Mukherjee🇮🇳 · Sudeep Saha🇮🇳 · Ravi Singh🇮🇳

   We compute the contribution of the gluonic component of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) to the angular momentum density in various decompositions. We use the light-front Hamiltonian technique, and a two-component formalism in light-front gauge, where the constrained degrees of freedom are eliminated. Instead of a nucleon, we consider a simple composite spin-$1/2$ state, namely a quark dressed with a gluon. We present two dimensional light-front distributions in transverse impact parameter space, and compare the different angular momentum decompositions at the density level. Incorporating also the contribution coming from the quark part of the EMT, we verify the spin sum rule for such a state.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Hadron production in the charged current semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering of $N=Z$ nuclei

   Wenyan Yu🇨🇳 · Weihua Yang🇨🇳 · Xing-hua Yang🇨🇳

   The charged current weak interaction can distinguish quark flavors, it provides a valid method to determine (transverse momentum dependent) parton distribution functions in high energy reactions by utilizing tagged hadrons. In this paper, we calculate the charged current semi-inclusive deeply inelastic neutrino and anti-neutrino scattering of $N=Z$ nuclei. Semi-inclusive means that a spin-1 hadron is also measured in addition to the scattered charged lepton. The target nucleus has the same number of neutrons and protons and is assumed as unpolarized. According to calculations, we find that only chiral-even terms survive and chiral-odd terms vanish in the differential cross section for this charged current deeply inelastic (anti-)neutrino nucleus scattering process. Furthermore, we introduce a measurable quantity, the yield asymmetry of the produced hadron $A^h$, to determine the nuclear parton distribution functions. Numerical estimates show that the yield asymmetry is independent of the type of target nucleus if it has the same number of neutrons and protons. Numerical estimates also show that sea quark distribution functions and disfavored fragmentation functions have significant influence on measurable quantities.

   hep-phEPJA(2025)·0 citations
7. 07*

   Generalized parton distributions of the kaon and pion within the nonlocal chiral quark model

   Hyeon-Dong Son🇰🇷 · Parada T. P. Hutauruk🇰🇷

   In the present study, we explore the properties of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for the kaon and pion within the framework of the nonlocal chiral quark model (NL$\chi$QM). Valence quark GPDs of the kaon and pion are analyzed with respect to their momentum fraction $x$ and skewness $\xi$ dependencies in the DGLAP and ERBL regions. We observe that the asymmetry of the current quark masses in kaon results in a significant distortion of the quark GPDs in kaon near $\xi =1$, compared to the case of the pion. The quark GPDs of the kaon and pion are evolved to ${\mu }^2=4$ GeV${}^2$ and 100 GeV${}^2$ by the QCD evolution equation at one-loop order using the \texttt{APFEL++} package. We find that the produced sea quarks and gluons are largely suppressed as $\xi$ becomes nonzero, predominantly confined within the ERBL region. We subsequently examine the polynomiality of the GPDs and numerically obtain the electromagnetic and gravitational form factors of the kaon and pion. For the kaon, gravitational form factor ratios $A_{\bar{s}/K^{+}}(0)/A_{s/K^{+}}(0)=1.26$ and $D_{\bar{s}/K^{+}}(0)/D_{s/K^{+}}(0)=1.10$ are reported and compared with results from other effective models.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·18 citations
8. 08*

   Roles of $f_0(500)$ and $f_0(980)$ in the $D_{(s)}^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays

   Zhong-Yu Wang🇨🇳 · Wei Liang🇨🇳

   With the recent measurements of the $D_s^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ and $D^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays by the LHCb Collaboration, we study these two decay processes by considering the final state interaction formalism. Taking into account the external and internal $W$-emission dominant mechanisms at the quark level, our model can naturally explain why the $D_s^{+}$ decay only has a contribution from the $f_0(980)$ resonance, while the $D^{+}$ decay has contributions from both the $f_0(500)$ and $f_0(980)$ states. The magnitudes and phases of ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ for $S$-wave amplitudes in our model are in agreement with the experimental measurements. These results support the interpretations of $f_0(500)$ and $f_0(980)$ as the $\pi \pi$ and $K\bar{K}$ resonances, respectively, where they are dynamically generated from the $S$-wave pseudoscalar-pseudoscalar meson interactions within the chiral unitary approach.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·2 citations
9. 09*

   The Equation of State and Multiparticle Production

   R. N. Rogalyov🇷🇺

   We discuss the distribution of fireballs produced in heavy-ion collisions in the net-baryon number and argue that neither the Free-Quark Model (FQM) nor the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model can provide a comprehensive explanation of the distribution observed at the LHC. The concept of net-baryon number freezeout temperature is suggested and the role of sea quarks as a possible source of net-baryon number fluctuations is emphasized.

   hep-phnucl-thPhys.Part.Nucl.(2024)·0 citations
10. 10*

    GeV ALP from TeV Vector-like leptons

    Arturo de Giorgi🇬🇧 · Marta Fuentes Zamoro🇪🇸 · Luca Merlo🇪🇸

    We present a model where a GeV axion-like-particle (ALP) is predicted in a large portion of the parameter space due to the presence of explicit Peccei-Quinn symmetry-breaking terms in an exotic leptonic sector. The latter provides a solution to the muon $g-2$ anomaly, within the framework of the Linear Seesaw neutrino mechanism. The spectrum is extended by a complex scalar singlet only transforming under the Peccei-Quinn symmetry, which generates the ALP. Its couplings with fermions can continuously span over many orders of magnitude, which constitutes a specific feature of this model in contrast to generic ultraviolet constructions. Interestingly, these couplings are suppressed by the ALP characteristic scale that can be as low as the TeV scale, which represents a novel feature of the model and opens up to several phenomenological consequences.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
11. 11*

    On the possible existence of a $S=-3,I=1$ pentaquark

    Albert Feijoo🇪🇸 · Isaac Vidaña🇮🇹

    We analyze the possible existence of a strangeness $S=-3$, isospin $I=1$ pentaquark state $P_{sss}$ generated dynamically from the $\bar{K}\Xi$ interaction. We employ a unitarized scheme in coupled channels based on the chiral Lagrangian expanded up to next-to-leading order (NLO), and show that the inclusion of the NLO terms is crucial to provide the necessary attraction that favors the existence of such triply strange pentaquark. The $\bar{K}\Xi$ femtoscopic correlation functions are calculated as example of a possible experimental measurement in which a direct signal of the $P_{sss}$ state could be observed.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thEPJA(2025)·6 citations
12. 12*

    Testing the RG Running of the Leptonic Dirac CP Phase with Reactor Neutrinos

    Shao-Feng Ge🇨🇳 · Chui-Fan Kong🇨🇳 · Pedro Pasquini🇯🇵

    We propose the possibility of using the near detector at reactor neutrino experiments to probe the renormalization group (RG) running effect on the leptonic Dirac CP phase ${\delta }_D$. Although the reactor neutrino oscillation cannot directly measure ${\delta }_D$, it can probe the deviation $\Delta \delta \equiv {\delta }_D(Q_d^2)-{\delta }_D(Q_p^2)$ caused by the RG running. Being a key element, the mismatched momentum transfers at neutrino production ($Q_p^2$) and detection ($Q_d^2$) processes can differ by two orders. We illustrate this concept with the upcoming Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO, also known as JUNO-TAO) experiment and obtain the projected sensitivity to the CP RG running beta function ${\beta }_{\delta }$.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·6 citations
13. 13*

    Production of exotic hadrons in $pp$ and nuclear collisions

    Jinhui Chen · Feng-Kun Guo · Yu-Gang Ma · Cheng-Ping Shen · Qiye Shou · Qian Wang · Jia-Jun Wu · Bing-Song Zou

    Exotic hadrons beyond the conventional quark model have been discovered in the past two decades. Investigations of these states can lead to deep understanding of nonperturbative dynamics of the strong interaction. In this concise review, we focus on the productions of exotic hadrons in $pp$, $p\bar{p}$, and nuclear collisions. Experimental observations of light nuclei and hypernuclei, as prototypes of hadronic molecules, in heavy ion collisions will also be briefly discussed.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thNucl.Sci.Tech.(2025)·47 citations
14. 14*

    Zeeman effect in oscillations of magnetars with toroidal magnetic fields

    D. G. Yakovlev🇷🇺 · I. E. Fedorov🇷🇺

    Magnetars are neutron stars with superstrong magnetic fields. Some of them (soft-gamma repeaters, SGRs) demonstrate gigantic flares which nature is still unclear. At decay phase of such flares one often observes quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) which are treated as stellar oscillations triggered by the flares. We study, for the first time, magneto-elastic oscillations of magnetars possessing toroidal magnetic fields confined in the stellar crust, without imposing axial symmetry of perturbations. We show that the Zeeman effect makes the oscillation spectrum much richer than for axially symmetric oscillations. The main properties of theoretical QPO spectra are discussed as well as their potential to interpret observations and explore magnetar physics.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2025)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Study of the exotic three-body $N{D}^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ system

    Qing-Yu Zhai🇨🇳 · Raquel Molina🇪🇸 · Eulogio Oset🇪🇸 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳

    We have studied the $N{D}^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ system in the framework of the Fixed Center Approximation to the Faddeev equations, taking the exotic $D^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ system as the cluster and allowing the N to interact with the components of the cluster. Previous studies have determined the existence of three states of spin $0,1,2$ for the $D^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ system, the one of spin $0$ associated to the $X_0(2900)$ state observed by the LHCb collaboration. From this perspective, we find five states with total spin $1/2,3/2,5/2$, with bindings from $10$ to $30$ MeV and widths below $60$ MeV, which could be well identified. We also discuss the decay channels of these states that should help in future experimental searches of these states.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·3 citations
16. 16*

    CP violation observables in baryon decays

    Jian-Peng Wang🇨🇳 · Qin Qin🇨🇳 · Fu-Sheng Yu🇨🇳

    The era of baryon physics is on the horizon with the accumulation of increasing data by collaborations such as LHCb, Belle II, and BESIII. Despite the wealth of data, one of the critical issues in flavor physics, namely CP violation in baryon decays, still awaits experimental confirmation. It is evident that the development of formulas and phenomenological analyses will play a pivotal role in advancing theoretical investigations and experimental measurements in this domain. In this work, we discuss the fundamental definitions and properties of polarization, asymmetry parameters and their associated CP violating observables that may arise in baryon decays. Additionally, we provide a detailed analysis of b-baryon quasi-two and -three body decays based on angular distributions. We highlight the significance of CP asymmetries defined by spin and momentum correlations, as non-trivial spin distributions are expected in baryon decays due to their non-zero polarization in productions and decays. Of particular importance is a complementary relation can be establised for two different types of observables, that are $\mathcal{T}$-even and -odd CP asymmetries respectively. The complementarity indicates that one observable exhibits the sine dependence on strong phase $\Delta \delta$, while another exhibits as cosine. This gives us an distinctive opportunity to avoid the potential large suppression to CP asymmetries from small phase $\Delta \delta$. Two points (\textbf{i}) the exact proof of strong phase dependence behaviour, and (\textbf{ii}) the criterion for complementary observables are clarified. Based on these arguments from theoretical aside, some brief discussions and suggestions on experimental measurements are offered in the final discussions. Lastly, we present a pedagogical introduction to angular distribution techniques based on helicity descriptions for both two and three body decays.

    hep-phhep-ex16 citations
17. 17*

    Detecting dilute axion stars constrained by fast radio bursts in the Solar System via stimulated decay

    Haoran Di🇨🇳 · Zhu Yi🇨🇳 · Haihao Shi🇨🇳 · Yungui Gong🇨🇳

    Fast radio bursts (FRBs) can be explained by collapsing axion stars, imposing constraints on the axion parameter space and providing valuable guidance for experimental axion searches. In the traditional post-inflationary model, axion stars could constitute up to $75\%$ of the dark matter component, suggesting that some axion stars may exist within the Solar System. Photons with energy half the axion mass can stimulate axion decay. Thus, directing a powerful radio beam at an axion star could trigger its stimulated decay, producing a detectable echo. Using this method, we find it is possible to test the existence of dilute axion stars with maximum masses ranging from $6.21\times 10^{-12}{M}_{\odot }$ to $2.61\times 10^{-10}{M}_{\odot }$, as constrained by FRBs, within the Solar System. The resulting echo from axion stars constrained by FRBs could be detectable by terrestrial telescopes. Detecting such an echo would confirm the existence of axion stars, unravel the mystery of dark matter, and provide key evidence that some FRBs originate from collapsing axion stars. Furthermore, FRBs produced by axion star collapses could serve as standard candles, aiding in the resolution of the Hubble tension. If no echo is detected using this method, it would place constraints on the abundance of dark matter in the form of dilute axion stars with maximum masses in the range of $6.21\times 10^{-12}{M}_{\odot }$ to $2.61\times 10^{-10}{M}_{\odot }$.

    hep-phgr-qcEPJC(2025)·3 citations
18. 18*

    Implications on CP violation of charmless three body decays of bottom baryon from the U-spin analysis

    Wei Wang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Peng Xing🇨🇳 · Zhen-Xing Zhao🇨🇳

    Motivated by recent LHCb measurements of CP violation in ${\Lambda }_b$ three-body decays, we conduct an analysis of CP asymmetry in three-body decays of bottom baryons utilizing U-spin symmetry. We first develop a convenient representation that facilitates the incorporation of U-spin symmetry into our analysis. By integrating weak and strong phases into the derived amplitude, we obtain the CP asymmetry and establish relationships between CP asymmetries in U-spin related decay channels. With the help of experimental measurements, we provide numerical predictions for the CP asymmetries for other decay channels, particularly ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Sigma }^0{K}^{+}{K}^{-}$, ${\Xi }_b^0\to \Lambda {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, ${\Lambda }_b\to {\Sigma }^0{K}^{+}{\pi }^{-}$, and ${\Xi }_b^0\to \Sigma K^{-}{\pi }^{+}$. Furthermore, we provide a quantity that can be used as a null test of standard model and deviations from 0 will reflect the possible new physics. These results are valuable for CPV measurements in baryon decays, and can be tested in future experiments.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·11 citations
19. 19*

    Collectivity in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion and e+A collisions

    Björn Schenke🇺🇸 · Chun Shen🇺🇸 · Wenbin Zhao🇺🇸

    We review recent theoretical progress in describing collective effects in photon+nucleus collisions. The approaches considered range from the color glass condensate where correlations are encoded in the initial state, to hydrodynamic frameworks, where a strong final state response to the initial geometry of the collision is the key ingredient to generate momentum-space correlations.

    hep-phnucl-thActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2025)·3 citations
20. 20*

    A tale of Bethe logarithms: leptonic widths of ${\chi }_{cJ}$ and Lamb shift

    Yu Jia🇨🇳 · Jichen Pan🇨🇳

    The rare annihilation decays of $P$-wave spin-triplet quarkonia into lepton pair have to proceed via two-photon intermediate state, which are plagued with the infrared divergence symptom. We recognize that the physical root of the IR divergence and its remedy is the same as the Lamb shift in QED. In this work we provide a complete solution to this IR problem by including the effect of the higher Fock component of the ${\chi }_{cJ}$ state, {\it viz.}, the $c\bar{c}{(}^3{S}_1^{(1)})$ pair accompanied with a very long wavelength photon. Adding the contributions from the leading and next-to-leading order Fock components together, we arrive at the IR finite and factorization scale independent predictions for leptonic widths of ${\chi }_{cJ}(nP)$. The Bethe logarithms associated with these exclusive reactions are found to have rather different traits from those associated with Lamb shift. We present numerical predictions by employing several influential quark potential models. The predicted leptonic widths of ${\chi }_{cJ}(nP)$ are sizable and the observation prospect for $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\chi }_{cJ}(1P,2P)$ at BESIII looks bright. The future observation of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to X(3872)$ will shed important light on the $c\bar{c}$ content of the $X(3872)$ meson.

    hep-phhep-ex2 citations
21. 21*

    Modular invariant inflation and reheating

    Gui-Jun Ding🇨🇳 · Si-Yi Jiang🇨🇳 · Yong Xu🇩🇪 · Wenbin Zhao🇩🇪

    We use modular symmetry as an organizing principle that attempts to simultaneously address the lepton flavor puzzle, inflation, and post-inflationary reheating. We demonstrate this approach using the finite modular group $A_4$ in the lepton sector. In our model, neutrino masses are generated via the Type-I see-saw mechanism, with modular symmetry dictating the form of the Yukawa couplings and right-handed neutrino masses. The modular field also drives inflation, providing an excellent fit to recent Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations. The corresponding prediction for the tensor-to-scalar ratio is very small, $r\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-7})$, while the prediction for the running of the spectral index, $\alpha \sim -\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$, could be tested in the near future. An appealing feature of the setup is that the inflaton-matter interactions required for reheating naturally arise from the expansion of relevant modular forms. Although the corresponding inflaton decay rates are suppressed by the Planck scale, the reheating temperature can still be high enough to ensure successful Big Bang nucleosynthesis. The same couplings responsible for reheating can also contribute to generating baryon asymmetry of the Universe through non-thermal leptogenesis. However, the contribution is negligibly small in the current inflationary setup.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJHEP(2025)·11 citations
22. 22*

    Beyond Scale Variations: Perturbative Theory Uncertainties from Nuisance Parameters

    Frank J. Tackmann🇩🇪

    We develop a new approach to estimate the uncertainty due to missing higher orders in perturbative predictions (the perturbative "theory uncertainty"), which overcomes many inherent limitations of the currently prevalent methods based on varying unphysical renormalization scales. In our approach, the true underlying sources of the theory uncertainty, namely the missing higher-order terms, are identified and parameterized in terms of mutually independent theory nuisance parameters (TNPs). The TNPs are true parameters of the calculation, i.e., they have a well-defined true value that is not or only imprecisely known. This approach affords the theory uncertainty all benefits of a truly parametric uncertainty: It provides correct correlations and allows for consistent error propagation and combination. Furthermore, the TNPs can be profiled in fits, allowing the data to reduce the theory uncertainties. On the theory side, it allows maximally exploiting all available higher-order information to reduce the theory uncertainty, such as partial higher-order results or any nontrivial knowledge of the higher-order or all-order structure. We first discuss the method in general as it can be applied across the board of perturbative calculations. As a concrete application, we then discuss the resummed transverse momentum ($q_T$) spectrum in Drell-Yan production, and how TNP-based uncertainties can correctly capture the correlations across the $q_T$ spectrum and between $Z$ and $W$ production. This application is the basis of the theory model enabling the recent precise measurement of the $W$-boson mass by the CMS experiment. In a forthcoming paper, we use it to study the theory uncertainties in extracting the strong coupling constant ${\alpha }_s$ from the $Z$ $q_T$ spectrum.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·53 citations
23. 23*

    Anatomy of the Real Higgs Triplet Model

    Saiyad Ashanujjaman🇩🇪 · Sumit Banik🇨🇭 · Guglielmo Coloretti🇨🇭 · Andreas Crivellin🇨🇭 · Siddharth P. Maharathy🇿🇦 · Bruce Mellado🇿🇦

    In this article, we examine the Standard Model extended by a $Y=0$ real Higgs triplet, the $\Delta$SM. It contains a $CP$-even neutral Higgs (${\Delta }^0$) and two charged Higgs bosons (${\Delta }^{\pm }$), which are quasi-degenerate in mass. We first study the theoretical constraints from vacuum stability and perturbative unitarity and then calculate the Higgs decays, including the loop-induced modes such as di-photons ($\gamma \gamma$) and $Z\gamma$. In the limit of a small mixing between the SM Higgs and ${\Delta }^0$, the latter decays dominantly to $WW$ and can have a sizable branching ratio to di-photon. The model predicts a positive definite shift in the $W$ mass, which agrees with the current global electroweak fit. At the Large Hadron Collider, it leads to a $(i)$ stau-like signature from $pp\to {\Delta }^{+}{\Delta }^{-}\to {\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}\nu \bar{\nu }$, $(ii)$ multi-lepton final states from $pp\to {\gamma }^{\ast }\to {\Delta }^{+}{\Delta }^{-}\to W^{+}{W}^{-}ZZ$ and $pp\to W^{\ast }\to {\Delta }^{\pm }{\Delta }^0\to W^{\pm }Z{W}^{+}{W}^{-}$ as well as $(iii)$ associated di-photon production from $pp\to W^{\ast }\to {\Delta }^{\pm }({\Delta }^0\to \gamma \gamma )$. Concerning $(i)$, the reinterpretation of the recent supersymmetric tau partner search by ATLAS and CMS excludes $m_{{\Delta }^{\pm }}<110$ GeV at 95% CL. From $(ii)$, some of the signal regions of multi-lepton searches lead to bounds close to the predicted cross-section, but electroweak scale masses are still allowed. For $(iii)$, the recast of the associated di-photon searches by ATLAS and a combined log-likelihood fit of signal and background to data find that out of the 25 signal regions, 10 provide relevant limits on Br$({\Delta }^0\to \gamma \gamma )$ at the per cent level. Interestingly, 6 signal regions show excesses at around 152 GeV, leading to a preference for a non-zero di-photon branching ratio of about 0.7% with the corresponding significance amounting to about $4\sigma$.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·20 citations
24. 24*

    Quasielastic Lepton-Nucleus Scattering and the Correlated Fermi Gas Model

    Sam Carey🇺🇸

    The study of neutrino-nucleus scattering processes is important for the new generation neutrino experiments for better understanding of the neutrino oscillation phenomenon. A significant source of uncertainty in the cross-section comes from limitations in our knowledge of nucleon and nuclear effects in the scattering process. Here we present a fully analytic implementation of the Correlated Fermi Gas nuclear model for the quasi-elastic lepton nucleus scattering. The implementation is then used to separately compare form factor effects and nuclear model effects, specifically the Relativistic Fermi Gas nuclear model, for both electron-carbon and neutrino-carbon scattering data.

    hep-ph0 citations
25. 25*

    Neutron emission from the photon-induced reactions in ultraperipheral ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions

    Pawel Jucha🇵🇱 · Mariola Klusek-Gawenda🇵🇱 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱 · Michal Ciemala🇵🇱 · Katarzyna Mazurek🇵🇱

    The ultraperipheral collisions are the source of various interesting phenomena based on photon-induced reactions. We calculate cross sections for single and any number of n, p, $\alpha$, $\gamma$-rays in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collision for LHC energies. We analyze the production of a given number of neutrons relevant for a recent ALICE experiment, for $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02~TeV. In our approach, we include both single and multiple photon exchanges as well as the fact that not all photon energies are used in the process of equilibration of the residual nucleus. We propose a simple two-component model in which only part of photon energy $E_{\gamma }$ is changed into the excitation energy of the nucleus ($E_{exc}\ne E_{\gamma }$) and compare its results with outcomes of HIPSE and EMPIRE codes. The role of high photon energies for small neutron multiplicities is discussed. Emission of a small number of neutrons at high photon energies seems to be crucial to understand the new ALICE data. All effects work in the desired direction, but the description of the cross section of four- and five-neutron emission cross sections from first principles is rather demanding. The estimated emission of charged particles such as protons, deuterons and $\alpha$ is shortly discussed and confronted with very recent ALICE data, obtained with the proton Zero Degree Calorimeter.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2025)·6 citations
26. 26*

    Simulations of Shapiro, Gravitational, and Doppler time delays in pulsar networks for ultralight dark matter

    Andrew Eberhardt🇯🇵 · Qiuyue Liang🇯🇵 · Elisa G. M. Ferreira🇯🇵

    The study of ultralight dark matter helps to constrain the lower bound of the mass in minimally coupled dark matter models. The granular structure of ultralight dark matter density fields produces metric perturbations which have been identified as a potentially interesting probe of this model. For dark matter masses $m\gtrsim 10^{-17}\mathrm{eV}$, these perturbations would fluctuate on timescales comparable to observational timescales. In this paper, we estimate the expected time delay these fluctuations would generate in simulated pulsar signals. We simulate arrays of mock pulsars in a fluctuating granular density field. We calculate the expected Shapiro time delay, gravitational redshift, and Doppler shift and compare analytical estimates with the results of simulations. Finally, we provide a comparison with existing pulsar observation sensitivities.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·11 citations
27. 27*

    Space-borne Interferometers to Detect Thousands of Memory Signals Emitted by Stellar-mass Binary Black Holes

    Shaoqi Hou🇨🇳 · Zhi-Chao Zhao🇨🇳 · Zhoujian Cao🇨🇳 · Zong-Hong Zhu🇨🇳

    The gravitational memory effect manifests gravitational nonlinearity, degenerate vacua, and asymptotic symmetries; its detection is considered challenging. We propose using the space-borne interferometer to detect memory signals from stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs), typically targeted by ground-based detectors. We use DECIGO detector as an example. Over 5 years, DECIGO is estimated to detect $\sim$2,036 memory signals (SNRs $>$3) from stellar-mass BBHs. Simulations used frequency-domain memory waveforms for direct SNR estimation. Predictions utilized a GWTC-3 constrained BBH population model (Power Law + Peak mass, DEFAULT spin, Madau-Dickinson merger rate). The analysis used conservative lower merger rate limits and considered orbital eccentricity. The high detection rate stems from strong memory signals within DECIGO's bandwidth and the abundance of stellar-mass BBHs. This substantial, conservative detection count enables statistical use of the memory effect for fundamental physics and astrophysics. DECIGO exemplifies that space interferometers may better detect memory signals from smaller mass binaries than their typical targets. Detectors in lower frequency bands are expected to find strong memory signals from $\sim 10^4{M}_{\odot }$ binaries.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thChin.Phys.Lett.(2025)·11 citations
28. 28*

    High density symmetry energy: A key to the solution of the hyperon puzzle

    Jun-Ting Ye🇨🇳 · Rui Wang🇮🇹 · Si-Pei Wang🇨🇳 · Lie-Wen Chen🇨🇳

    The recently developed nuclear effective interaction based on the so-called N3LO Skyrme pseudopotential is extended to include the hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interactions by assuming the similar density, momentum, and isospin dependence as for the nucleon-nucleon interaction. The parameters in these interactions are determined from either experimental information if any or chiral effective field theory or lattice QCD calculations of the hyperon potentials in nuclear matter around nuclear saturation density ${\rho }_0$. We find that varying the high density behavior of the symmetry energy $E_{\mathrm{sym}}(\rho )$ can significantly change the critical density for hyperon appearance in the neutron stars and thus the maximum mass $M_{\mathrm{TOV}}$ of static hyperon stars. In particular, a symmetry energy which is soft around $2-3{\rho }_0$ but stiff above about $4{\rho }_0$, can lead to $M_{\mathrm{TOV}}\gtrsim 2M_{\odot }$ for hyperon stars and simultaneously be compatible with (1) the constraints on the equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter at suprasaturation densities obtained from flow data in heavy-ion collisions; (2) the microscopic calculations of the equation of state for pure neutron matter; (3) the star tidal deformability extracted from gravitational wave signal GW170817; (4) the mass-radius relations of PSR J0030+0451, PSR J0740+6620 and PSR J0437-4715 measured from NICER; (5) the observation of the unusually low mass and small radius in the central compact object of HESS J1731-347. Furthermore, the sound speed squared of the hyperon star matter naturally displays a strong peak structure around baryon density of $3-4{\rho }_0$, consistent with the model-independent analysis on the multimessenger data. Our results suggest that the high density symmetry energy could be a key to the solution of the hyperon puzzle in neutron star physics.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-exApJ(2025)·24 citations
29. 29*

    Generalized Scale factor Duality Symmetry in Symmetric Teleparallel Scalar-tensor FLRW Cosmology

    Andronikos Paliathanasis🇿🇦

    We review the Gasperini-Veneziano scale factor duality symmetry for the dilaton field in scalar-tensor theory and its extension in teleparallelism. Within the framework of symmetric teleparallel scalar-tensor theory, we consider a spatially flat Friedmann--Lema\^ıtre--Robertson--Walker metric cosmology. For the three possible connections, we write the corresponding point-like Lagrangians for the gravitational field equations, and we construct discrete transformations which generalize the Gasperini-Veneziano scale factor duality symmetry. The discrete transformations depend on the parameter which defines the coupling between the scalar field and the nonmetricity scalar. The Gasperini-Veneziano duality symmetry is recovered for a specific limit of this free parameter. Furthermore, we derive the conservation laws for the classical field equations for these models, and we present the origin of the discrete transformations. Finally, we discuss the integrability properties of the model, and exact solutions are determined.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phmath-phmath.MPPhys.Dark Univ.(2025)·1 citation
30. 30*

    Progress on the spectroscopy of an Sp(4) gauge theory coupled to matter in multiple representations

    Ho Hsiao🇹🇼 · Ed Bennett🇬🇧 · Niccolò Forzano🇬🇧 · Deog Ki Hong🇰🇷 · Jong-Wan Lee🇰🇷 · C.-J. David Lin🇹🇼 · Biagio Lucini🇬🇧 · Maurizio Piai🇬🇧 · Davide Vadacchino🇬🇧 · Fabian Zierler🇬🇧

    We report progress on our lattice calculations for the mass spectra of low-lying composite states in the Sp(4) gauge theory coupled to two and three flavors of Dirac fermions transforming in the fundamental and the two-index antisymmetric representations, respectively. This theory provides an ultraviolet completion to the composite Higgs model with Goldstone modes in the SU(4)/Sp(4) coset and with partial compositeness for generating the top-quark mass. We measure the meson and chimera baryon masses. These masses are crucial for constructing the composite Higgs model. In particular, the chimera baryon masses are important inputs for implementing top partial compositeness. We employ Wilson fermions and the Wilson plaquette action in our simulations. Techniques such as APE and Wuppertal smearing, as well as the procedure of generalised eigenvalue problem, are implemented in our analysis.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2025)·4 citations
31. 31*

    Kibble-Zurek scaling of the superfluid-supersolid transition in an elongated dipolar gas

    Wyatt Kirkby🇩🇪 · Hayder Salman · Thomas Gasenzer🇩🇪 · Lauriane Chomaz🇩🇪

    We simulate interaction quenches crossing from a superfluid to a supersolid state in a dipolar quantum gas of ${}^{164}\mathrm{Dy}$ atoms, trapped in an elongated tube with periodic boundary conditions, via the extended Gross-Pitaevskii equation. A freeze-out time is observed through a delay in supersolid formation after crossing the critical point. We compute the density-density correlations at the freeze-out time and extract the frozen correlation length for the solid order. An analysis of the freeze-out time and correlation length versus the interaction quench rate allows us to extract universal exponents corresponding to the relaxation time and correlation length based on predictions of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. Over several orders of magnitude, clear power-law scaling is observed for both the freeze-out time and the correlation length, and the corresponding exponents are compatible with predictions based on the excitation spectrum calculated via Bogoliubov theory. Defects due to independent local breaking of translational symmetry, contributing to globally incommensurate supersolid order, are identified, and their number at the freeze-out time is found to also scale as a power law. Our results support the hypothesis of a continuous transition whose universality class remains to be determined but appears to differ from that of the (1+1)D XY model.

    ↳ cond-mat.quant-gashep-phPRResearch(2025)·10 citations
32. 32*

    Unveiling the Strong Interaction origin of Baryon Masses with Lattice QCD

    Bolun Hu🇨🇳 · Haiyang Du🇨🇳 · Xiangyu Jiang🇨🇳 · Keh-Fei Liu🇺🇸 · Peng Sun🇨🇳 · Yi-Bo Yang🇨🇳

    Both the Higgs mechanism and strong interactions contribute to the masses of visible matter, yet how the six Higgs-generated quark masses and uniform strong interaction strength determine the hundreds of hadron masses remains unclear. Additionally, the role of massless, flavor-neutral gluons on hadron mass formation is central to the unresolved Millennium Prize problem on the mass gap in Yang-Mills theory. Addressing these questions requires advanced simulations on state-of-the-art supercomputers using Lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), which offers a rigorous, non-perturbative definition of QCD solvable numerically. Here we present first-principles lattice QCD calculations using comprehensive gauge ensembles that accurately predict ground state spin-1/2 and spin-3/2 baryon masses with light, strange, and charm quarks within 1\% of experimental values. At the \(\overline{\mathrm{MS}}\) 2 GeV scale, our results unveil two fundamental mass generation mechanisms for those baryon masses in QCD: 1) the flavor-dependent enhancement of Higgs contributions, 4-8 for light, 2-3 for strange, and 1.2-1.3 for charm quarks; and 2) the flavor-insensitive contribution 0.8-1.2 GeV from gluon quantum anomaly. This breakthrough significantly advances our comprehension of strong interaction dynamics and the genesis of visible matter's mass.

    ↳ hep-lathep-ph13 citations
33. 33*

    Krylov Complexity in early universe

    Ke-Hong Zhai🇨🇳 · Lei-Hua Liu🇨🇳

    The Lanczos algorithm offers a framework for constructing wave functions in closed and open quantum systems from their Hamiltonians. Since the early universe is inherently an open system, we employ this algorithm to investigate Krylov complexity across various cosmological phases: inflation, radiation domination (RD), and matter domination (MD). Our results highlight a clear distinction in Krylov complexity between the closed- and open-system methodologies. To accurately capture the influence of potentials during RD and MD, we examine a set of inflationary potentials, including the Higgs potential, $R^2$ inflation, and chaotic inflation, while incorporating violations of slow-roll conditions. This study is conducted in conformal time through the preheating stage. Numerically, we find that the evolution of Krylov complexity and Krylov entropy shows remarkable similarity across different potentials during RD and MD. Furthermore, we rigorously construct an open two-mode squeezed state using the second kind of Meixner polynomial. Based on this construction, we derive for the first time the evolution equations for the squeezing parameter $r_k$ and phase ${\varphi }_k$ in terms of the scale factor. Our analysis indicates that dissipative effects lead to rapid decoherence-like behavior. In addition, we observe that the inflationary universe behaves as a strongly dissipative system, whereas during the RD and MD epochs the universe exhibits weak dissipative characteristics. This work opens new perspectives for studying the universe from a quantum-informational viewpoint.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph+1PTEP·8 citations
34. 34*

    False vacuum decay beyond the quadratic approximation: summation of non-local self-energies

    Matthias Carosi🇩🇪 · Björn Garbrecht🇩🇪

    Using the 2PI effective action formalism, we study false vacuum decay beyond the quadratic approximation of the path integral. We derive a coupled system of equations for the bounce and the propagator, and we compute a semi-analytic expression for the self-energy of a real scalar field with cubic and quartic interactions from the 2PI effective action truncated at two loops and without further approximations. Deriving numerical results, we can show that the Hartree approximation, where non-local contributions to the self-energy are neglected, is generally not justified. The procedure we develop is a key step towards the explicit computation of the quantum corrected bounce, the determinant of fluctuations about it and the decay rate in the presence of classical zero-modes that are lifted by quantum effects, e.g. classically scale-invariant models relevant for assessing the Higgs stability.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2025)·11 citations
35. 35*

    Strongly Coupled PT-Symmetric Models in Holography

    Daniel Arean🇪🇸 · David Garcia-Fariña🇪🇸 · Karl Landsteiner🇪🇸

    Non-Hermitian quantum field theories are a promising tool to study open quantum systems. These theories preserve unitarity if PT-symmetry is respected, and in that case an equivalent Hermitian description exists via the so-called Dyson map. Generically, PT-symmetric non-Hermitian theories can also feature phases where PT-symmetry is broken and unitarity is lost. We review the construction of holographic duals to strongly coupled PT-symmetric quantum field theories and the study of their phase diagram. We next focus on spacetime-dependent non-Hermitian couplings: non-Hermitian quenches and lattices. They violate the null energy condition in the gravity dual. The lattices realize phases supporting an imaginary current that breaks PT-symmetry spontaneously. Remarkably, these non-Hermitian lattices flow to a PT-symmetric fixed point in the IR.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phquant-phEntropy(2025)·5 citations
36. 36*

    Preheating Axions in String Cosmology

    Jacob M. Leedom🇨🇿 · Margherita Putti🇩🇪 · Nicole Righi🇬🇧 · Alexander Westphal🇩🇪

    Certain inflationary models can feature periods of preheating - an era preceding reheating during which parametric resonance triggers an exponential production of bosons. This non-perturbative process can have significant impact on the history of our universe, with consequences ranging from altered reheating channels to overproduction of dark radiation to overclosure. In this work, we study parametric resonance production of axions in string models of inflation. We find that the kinetic couplings and moduli-dependent axion masses give rise to generalizations of the Mathieu equation. We study these generalizations and determine the strength of parametric resonance created by such couplings. We then apply this technology to fibre inflation models in Type IIB orientifold compactifications. We find that heavy axions can be copiously produced and avoidance of overclosure results in constraints on the typical fibre inflation parameter space.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phJHEP(2025)·10 citations
37. 37*

    Influence of gravity on the quantum speed limit in neutrino oscillations

    Abhishek Kumar Jha🇮🇳 · Mriganka Dutta🇮🇳 · Subhashish Banerjee🇮🇳 · Banibrata Mukhopadhyay🇮🇳

    The quantum speed limits (QSLs) determine the minimal amount of time required for a quantum system to evolve from an initial to a final state. We investigate QSLs for the unitary evolution of the neutrino-antineutrino system in the presence of a gravitational field. It is known that the transition probabilities between neutrino and antineutrino in the framework of one and two flavors depend on the strength of the gravitational field. The behavior of the QSL time in the two-flavor system indicates fast flavor transitions as the gravitational field strength increases. Subsequently, we observe quick suppression of entanglement by exploring the speed limit for entanglement entropy of two-flavor oscillations in the neutrino-antineutrino system in the proximity of a spinning primordial black hole.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-th+1Astrophys.Space Sci.Proc.(2025)·4 citations
38. 38*

    Thermal response of the Nieh-Yan term

    Carlos Hoyos🇪🇸 · Niko Jokela🇫🇮 · José Manuel Penin🇮🇹

    We reinterpret the Nieh-Yan (NY) anomaly using holography, finding that the U(1) axial symmetry remains unbroken and the axial current coupling to an external gauge field is conserved. Instead, the anomaly arises from a breakdown of Hodge duality relations between fermion bilinears due to symmetry constraints on one-form currents. We show that the axial response associated with the NY term is distinct from the chiral vortical effect and exhibits a characteristic $T^2$ dependence. Torsion-induced axial transport decouples spin and axial charge dynamics, thereby clarifying the physical significance of the NY anomaly and motivating further field-theoretic and holographic studies.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.str-elhep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
39. 39*

    Gravitational Influence on the Quantum Speed Limit in Flavor Oscillations of Neutrino-Antineutrino System

    Abhishek Kumar Jha🇮🇳 · Banibrata Mukhopadhyay🇮🇳 · Mriganka Dutta🇮🇳 · Mayank Pathak🇮🇳 · Subhashish Banerjee🇮🇳

    We investigate the quantum speed limit (QSL) during the time evolution of neutrino-antineutrino system under the influence of the gravitational field of a spinning primordial black hole (PBH). We derive an analytical expression for the four-vector gravitational potential in the underlying Hermitian Dirac Hamiltonian using the Boyer-Lindquist (BL) coordinates. This gravitational potential leads to an axial vector term in the Dirac equation in curved spacetime, contributing to the effective mass matrix of the neutrino-antineutrino systems. Our findings indicate that the gravitational field, expressed in BL coordinates, significantly influences the transition probabilities in two-flavor oscillations of the neutrino-antineutrino system. We then apply the expression for transition probabilities between states to analyze the Bures angle, which quantifies the closeness between the initial and final states of the time-evolved flavor state. We use this concept to probe the QSL for the time evolution of the initial flavor neutrino state.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-th+14 citations
40. 40*

    Seeking the nearest neutron stars using a new local electron density map

    Joseph Bramante🇨🇦 · Katherine Mack🇨🇦 · Nirmal Raj🇮🇳 · Lijing Shao🇨🇳 · Narayani Tyagi🇨🇦

    Neutron stars provide a compelling testing ground for gravity, nuclear dynamics, and physics beyond the Standard Model, and so it will be useful to locate the neutron stars nearest to Earth. To that end, we revisit pulsar distance estimates extracted from the dispersion measure of pulsar radio waves scattering on electrons. In particular, we create a new electron density map for the local kiloparsec by fitting to parallax measurements of the nearest pulsars, which complements existing maps that are fit on the Galactic scale. This ``near-Earth'' electron density map implies that pulsars previously estimated to be 100-200 pc away may be as close as tens of parsecs away, which motivates a parallax-based measurement campaign to follow-up on these very-near candidate pulsars. Such nearby neutron stars would be valuable laboratories for testing fundamental physics phenomena, including several late-stage neutron star heating mechanisms, using current and forthcoming telescopes. We illustrate this by estimating the sensitivities of the upcoming Extremely Large Telescope and Thirty Meter Telescope to neutron stars heated by dark matter capture.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2025)·9 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.