Tue·Nov 26, 2024Tuesday·November 26, 2024

1. 01*

   The Seiberg-Witten Axion

   Csaba Csáki🇺🇸 · Rotem Ovadia🇮🇱 · Maximilian Ruhdorfer🇺🇸 · Ofri Telem🇮🇱 · John Terning🇺🇸

   We present a fully calculable UV complete toy model of a Peccei-Quinn (PQ) axion coupled to magnetic monopoles as well as electric charges. The theory has manifest electric-magnetic duality built in. We find that the axion-photon coupling contains the usual anomaly term, plus periodic corrections which can also become large if the monopole is light, without violating the discrete axion shift symmetry. These additional periodic terms can be identified as the non-perturbative corrections due to the monopoles (and other BPS states), but can also be interpreted as a sum over instanton corrections. The key aspect helping reconcile axion coupling quantization with electric-magnetic duality is the fact that the axion itself undergoes a non-linear transformation under electric-magnetic duality. The theory analyzed here is just the original $N=2$ supersymmetric $SU(2)$ Seiberg-Witten theory, which contains a PQ axion due to an anomalous spontaneously broken global $R$-symmetry, as well as massless fermionic monopoles and dyons at special points in the moduli space. Hence the entire machinery of the Seiberg-Witten solution can be applied to reliably calculate the photon-axion coupling in different duality frames. We show explicitly that the physically observable axion-photon amplitude is duality invariant, as it had to be.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2026)·5 citations
2. 02*

   Precise predictions for $t\bar{t}H$ production at the LHC: inclusive cross section and differential distributions

   Simone Devoto🇧🇪 · Massimiliano Grazzini🇨🇭 · Stefan Kallweit🇨🇭 · Javier Mazzitelli🇨🇭 · Chiara Savoini🇩🇪

   We present the first fully differential next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD calculation for the production of a top-antitop quark pair in association with a Higgs boson ($t\bar{t}H$) at hadron colliders. The computation is exact, except for the finite part of the two-loop virtual contribution, which we estimate using two different methods that yield consistent results within their respective uncertainties. The first method relies on a soft-Higgs factorisation formula that we develop up to the three-loop order. The second is based on a high-energy expansion in the small top-mass limit. Combining the newly computed corrections with the complete set of next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD+EW results provides the most advanced perturbative prediction currently available at the LHC for both inclusive and differential $t\bar{t}H$ cross sections. The uncertainties due to the missing exact two-loop contribution are conservatively estimated to be at the percent level, both for the total cross section and for most of the differential distributions, and therefore subleading compared to the residual perturbative uncertainties.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·39 citations
3. 03*

   Kaon Distribution Functions from Empirical Information

   Zhen-Ni Xu🇨🇳 · Daniele Binosi🇮🇹 · Chen Chen🇨🇳 · Khépani Raya🇨🇳 · Craig D. Roberts🇨🇳 · José Rodríguez-Quintero🇪🇸

   Using available information from Drell-Yan data on pion and kaon structure functions, an approach is described which enables the development of pointwise profiles for all pion and kaon parton distribution functions (DFs) without reference to theories of hadron structure. The key steps are construction of structure-function-constrained probability-weighted ensembles of valence DF replicas and use of an evolution scheme for parton DFs that is all-orders exact. The DFs obtained express qualitatively sound features of light-meson structure, e.g., the effects of Higgs boson couplings into QCD and the size of heavy-quark momentum fractions in light hadrons. In order to improve the results, additional and more precise data on the $u$-quark-in-kaon, $u^K$, to $u$-quark-in-pion, $u^{\pi }$, DF ratio would be necessary. Of greater value would be extraction of $u^K$ alone, thereby avoiding inference from the ratio: currently, the data-based form of $u^K$ is materially influenced by results for $u^{\pi }$.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PLB(2025)·15 citations
4. 04*

   Scale-invariant total decay width $\Gamma (H\to b\bar{b})$ using the novel method of characteristic operator

   Jiang Yan🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳 · Jian-Ming Shen🇨🇳 · Xu-Dong Huang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Fei Wu🇨🇳

   In this paper, a novel method via using the characteristic operator~(CO) ${\hat{\mathcal{D}}}_{n_{\gamma },n_{\beta }}$ is proposed to extend the applicability of PMC, which is a theoretical generalization of previous PMC single-scale setting approach. Using the CO formulism, we are able to facilitate the derivation of complex scenarios within a structured theoretical framework, leading to simpler procedures and more compact expressions. The CO framework not only streamlines derivations for complex scenarios, yielding simplified procedures and more compact expressions, but also achieves a scheme-and-scale invariant pQCD series by fixing the correct effective magnitude of ${\alpha }_s$ and the running mass simultaneously. Both are well matched with the expansion coefficients of the series, leading to the wanted scheme-and-scale invariant conformal series. As an example, we show the achievement of scale-invariant N${}^4$LO total decay width $\Gamma (H\to b\bar{b})$ under the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$-scheme. Using the CO framework, its effective coupling ${\alpha }_s(Q_{\ast })$ and effective $b$-quark $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$-mass ${\overline{m}}_b(Q_{\ast })$ are determined by absorbing all non-conformal $\{{\beta }_i\}$-terms from the renormalization group equations for either ${\alpha }_s$ or ${\overline{m}}_b$ simultaneously. The PMC scale is fixed up to N${}^3$LL-accuracy, $Q_{\ast }=55.2916$~GeV and a scale-invariant total decay width is obtained, $\Gamma (H\to b\bar{b})=2.3819_{-0.0231}^{+0.0230}$~MeV, whose errors are squared averages of the ones associated with $\Delta {\alpha }_s(M_Z)=\pm 0.0009$, $\Delta M_H=0.11$~GeV, $\Delta {\overline{m}}_b({\overline{m}}_b)=\pm 0.007$~GeV, and the uncalculated N${}^5$LO contributions $\Delta \Gamma =\pm 0.0001$~MeV predicted via Bayesian analysis with the degree-of-belief $\mathrm{DoB}=95.5\%$.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·8 citations
5. 05*

   Elucidating the nature of axial-vector charm-antibottom tetraquark states

   U. Özdem🇹🇷

   Investigating the electromagnetic characteristics of unconventional states may offer new insights into their internal structures. In particular, the magnetic moment attributes may serve as a crucial physical observable for differentiating exotic states with disparate configurations or spin-parity quantum numbers. As a promising avenue for research, encompassing both opportunities and challenges, an in-depth examination of the electromagnetic properties of exotic states is crucial for advancing our understanding of unconventional states. Motivated by this, in this study, the magnetic moments of $\mathrm{I}({\mathrm{J}}^{\mathrm{P}})=1(1^{+})$ $Z_{\bar{b}c}$ tetraquark states are analyzed in the framework of QCD light-cone sum rules by considering the diquark-antidiquark approximation, designated as type $3_c\otimes {\bar{3}}_c$. Although the tetraquark states examined in this study have nearly identical masses, their magnetic moment results exhibit noticeable discrepancies. This may facilitate the differentiation between quantum numbers associated with states with identical quark content. The results show that heavy quarks overcoming light quarks can determine both the sign and the magnitude of the magnetic moments of these tetraquark states. The numerical results obtained in this study suggest that the magnetic moments of $Z_{\bar{b}c}$ tetraquark states may reveal aspects of their underlying structure, which could distinguish between their spin-parity quantum numbers and their internal structure. The results obtained regarding the magnetic moments of the $Z_{\bar{b}c}$ tetraquark states may be checked within the context of different phenomenological approaches.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latCPC(2026)·3 citations
6. 06*

   Prospects for observing the missing $2D$ and $1F$ charmonium states around 4 GeV

   Cheng-Xi Liu🇨🇳 · Zi-Long Man🇨🇳 · Tian-Le Gao🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

   Our understanding of high-lying states within the charmonium family remains incomplete, particularly in light of recent observations of charmonium states at energies around 4 GeV. In this study, we investigate the spectroscopic properties of several high-lying charmonia, focusing on the $2D$ and $1F$ states. A mass spectrum analysis is conducted, incorporating the unquenched effects. We then present a detailed study of the strong decay properties, including partial decay widths for two-body strong decays permitted by the Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka (OZI) rule. Additionally, we explore the primary radiative decay channels associated with these states. Finally, we discuss the radiative transitions of the $2D$ and $1F$ states via $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation. Theoretical predictions provided here aim to guide future experimental searches for high-lying charmonium states at facilities such as BESIII, Belle II, LHCb, and the future STCF.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·7 citations
7. 07*

   Note on a BCS analogy of Majorana neutrinos

   Kazuo Fujikawa🇯🇵 · Anca Tureanu🇫🇮

   In this note, we discuss an analogy between the BCS theory and the seesaw model of neutrinos. We believe that the analogy indicates some fundamental aspects of Majorana neutrinos. A paper on the issue has been recently presented, and we would like to describe the background of the paper together with our personal views on the problem. In essence, the conventional construction of a Majorana neutrino from a chiral fermion is too simplified, and we argue that one would actually have to go through a Bogoliubov-type canonical transformation to generate two Majorana fermions from an effective single Dirac fermion in the seesaw model.

   hep-phhep-thInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2025)·1 citation
8. 08*

   Tiny yet detectable WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections in a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone dark matter model

   Tomohiro Abe🇯🇵 · Kota Ichiki🇯🇵

   We investigate a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone (pNG) dark matter (DM) model based on a gauged $SU(2{)}_x$ and a global $SU(2{)}_g$ symmetries. These symmetries are spontaneously broken to a global $U(1{)}_D$ symmetry by a vacuum expectation value of an $SU(2{)}_x\times SU(2{)}_g$ bi-fundamental scalar field. The global $SU(2{)}_g$ symmetry is also softly broken to a global $U(1{)}_D$ symmetry. Under the setup, a complex pNG boson arises. It is stabilized by $U(1{)}_D$ and is a DM candidate. Its scattering cross section off a nucleon is highly suppressed by small momentum transfer and thus evades the stringent constraints from DM direct detection experiments. Assuming all the couplings in the dark sector are real, a discrete symmetry arises. Consequently, in addition to the pNG DM, the lighter one of an $SU(2{)}_x$ gauge boson $V^0$ and a CP-odd scalar boson $a_0$ from the bi-fundamental scalar field can also serve as a DM candidate. Therefore, the model provides two-component DM scenarios. We find that the relic abundance of the DM candidates explains the measured value of the DM energy density. We also find that the pNG DM is the dominant DM component in large regions of the parameter space. In contrast to the pNG DM, both $V^0$ and $a_0$ scatter off a nucleon, and their scattering cross sections are not suppressed. However, their scattering event rates are suppressed by their number densities. Thus, the scattering cross section is effectively reduced. We show that the effective WIMP-nucleon scattering cross sections in the two-component scenarios are smaller than the current upper bounds and above the neutrino fog.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2025)·3 citations
9. 09*

   Analysis of the near-side ridge structure in pp collisions via Momentum-Kick Model

   Jaesung Kim🇰🇷 · Jin-Hee Yoon🇰🇷

   The near-side ridge structure has been observed in the long-range two-particle correlations in heavy-ion collisions, such as AuAu collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC) and PbPb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Hydrodynamic models have successfully explained the ridge structure in heavy-ion collisions, indicating the presence of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP). Interestingly, similar ridge structures have been detected in high-multiplicity proton-proton and proton-lead collisions, which are classified as small systems in the LHC experiments. Because small systems have been considered insufficient to generate QGP, the applicability of theories developed for heavy-ion collisions to small systems remains controversial. Assuming that kinematic effects play a more significant role in small systems, we expect that the Momentum-Kick Model (MKM) can provide a satisfactory explanation. This model elucidates the long-range and near-side ridge structure in dihadron $\Delta \eta -\Delta \varphi$ correlation by explaining that jet particles kick and rearrange medium partons along the direction of the jets. In this study, we apply the MKM to explain high-multiplicity proton-proton collisions at both 13 TeV and 7 TeV in the LHC over various ranges of momenta. Furthermore, we introduce multiplicity dependence in the model to account for the 13 TeV data at various multiplicity ranges. We conclude that the MKM effectively explains the near-side ridge structure observed in proton-proton collisions. The LHC has entered Run 3, achieving higher center-of-mass energies and better luminosity than Run 2. We offer $\Delta \varphi$ correlation predictions for pp collisions at 14 TeV and suggest possible extensions of the MKM for future studies.

   hep-phNPA(2025)·0 citations
10. 10*

    Type I seesaw mechanism at TeV scale or below with minimal fields

    Kunal Pandey🇮🇳 · Rathin Adhikari🇮🇳

    A novel scenario is presented within the Type-I seesaw mechanism in which no other beyond Standard Model fields except three heavy right handed neutrinos, have been considered. Light neutrino masses around sub eV scale, could be possible at low seesaw scale around TeV or even below that. At the leading order, 6x6 seesaw mass matrix reproduces three massless neutrinos. The Dirac mass matrix with one loop corrections, breaks that massless texture and it is possible to get massive neutrinos. We have obtained the expression of mixing and Dirac CP violating phase for light neutrino mass matrix with one loop corrections. Only unknown parameters are the Yukawa couplings related to right handed neutrinos and their masses. These parameters satisfy the ATLAS, CMS experimental constraints.

    hep-ph0 citations
11. 11*

    A revamped understanding of Cosmic Rays and Gamma-Ray Bursts

    A. De Rújula🇪🇸

    Interesting data on Gamma Ray Burts (GRBs) and Cosmic Rays (CRs) have recently been made public. GRB221009A has a record ``peak energy". The CR electron spectrum has been measured to unprecedented high energies and exhibits a ``knee" akin to the ones in all-particle or individual-element CR nuclei. IceCube has not seen high-energy neutrinos associated with GRBs. AMS has published a CR positron spectrum conducive to much speculation. We examine these data in the light of the ``CannonBall Model" of GRBs and CRs, in which they are intimately related and which they do strongly validate.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPLB(2025)·3 citations
12. 12*

    Rare ${\Lambda }_c$ decays and new physics effects

    Sheng-Qi Zhang🇨🇳 · Cong-Feng Qiao🇨🇳

    Recent experimental progress on baryonic rare decays has spurred a deeper investigation on flavor-changing neutral current transitions in the baryon sector. Within the framework of QCD sum rules, we derive a complete set of form factors for the ${\Lambda }_c\to p$ process in the large recoil region and use the $z$-series parametrization to extrapolate them across the full physical range. Employing these form factors and flavor symmetries, we compute branching fractions for the decays ${\Lambda }_c\to p{e}^{+}{e}^{-}$ and ${\Lambda }_c\to p{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$, as well as for rare ${\Xi }_c$ decay modes. We examine as well the new physics effects through specific angular observables such as the lepton forward-backward asymmetry and the fraction of longitudinally polarized dileptons. Results indicate that new physics models may be testified in baryonic rare decays, with immense data collected in running and future colliders.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·13 citations
13. 13*

    Analysis of the $B_{(s)}\to T(J^P=2^{-})$ transition in light cone QCD sum rules

    T. M. Aliev🇹🇷 · Y. Sarac🇹🇷

    The semileptonic $B_{(s)}\to T(J^P=2^{-})l^{+}{l}^{-}$ decays induced by flavor changing neural currents are investigated within the light cone QCD sum rule method. We apply the $B$ meson distribution amplitudes up to twist-4 and calculate the relevant form factors of the $B_{(s)}\to T$ transitions, where $T=K_2,a_2,f_2,{\varphi }_2$ with $J^P=2^{-}$. The obtained results of the form factors then adopted in the calculations of the corresponding widths. The present results can be used in future experiments for studying the properties of $J^P=2^{-}$ tensor mesons.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·1 citation
14. 14*

    Can plasma physics establish a significant bound on long range dark matter interactions?

    K. Schoeffler🇵🇹 · N. Shukla🇵🇹 · L. O. Silva🇵🇹

    Dark matter has been theorized to be charged under its own "dark electromagnetism" (dark-EM). Under this hypothesis, dark matter can behave like a cold collisionless plasma of self-interacting dark matter particles, and exhibit plasma-like instabilities with observational consequences. Using the results published in [1], which studied the degree of slowdown between two interpenetrating $e^{-}{e}^{+}$ plasma clouds due to plasma instabilities, estimates of similar interactions for colliding "dark plasmas" are explored. Comparison with astronomical observations reveals strong new constraints on dark-EM with the dark electromagnetic self-interaction ${\alpha }_D<4\times 10^{-25}$.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Drell-Yan Transverse-Momentum Spectra at N${}^3$LL${}^{\prime }$ and Approximate N${}^4$LL with SCETlib

    Georgios Billis🇮🇹 · Johannes K. L. Michel🇺🇸 · Frank J. Tackmann🇩🇪

    We provide state-of-the-art precision QCD predictions for the fiducial $W$ and $Z$ boson transverse momentum spectra at the LHC at N${}^3$LL${}^{\prime }$ and approximate N${}^4$LL in resummed perturbation theory, matched to available $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^3)$ fixed-order results. Our predictions consistently combine all information from across the spectrum in a unified way, ranging from the nonperturbative region of small transverse momenta to the fixed-order tail, with an emphasis on estimating the magnitude of residual perturbative uncertainties, and in particular of those related to the matching. Parametric uncertainties related to the strong coupling, the collinear PDFs, and the nonperturbative transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) dynamics are studied in detail. To assess the latter, we explicitly demonstrate how the full complexity of flavor and Bjorken $x$-dependent TMD dynamics can be captured by a single, effective nonperturbative function for the resonant production of any given vector boson at a given collider. We point out that the cumulative $p_T^Z$ cross section at the level of precision enabled by our predictions provides strong constraining power for PDF determinations at full N${}^3$LO.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·32 citations
16. 16*

    Diversity of Fuzzy Dark Matter Solitons

    Chen Tan🇨🇳 · M. Le Delliou🇨🇳 · Ke Wang🇨🇳

    According to the Schrödinger-Poisson equations, fuzzy dark matter (FDM) can form a stable equilibrium configuration, the so-called FDM soliton. In principle, given the FDM particle mass, the profile of the FDM soliton is fixed. In practice, however, there is a great diversity of structures in the Universe. Possible causes of such diversity can lie in such sources as the gravitoelectric field due to a central supermassive black hole, the gravitomagnetic field due to the system angular momentum, an extra denser and compact FDM soliton and an ellipsoidal baryon background. We find that the effects of the gravitomagnetic field due to the soliton's self-angular momentum are very weak while those of the other sources are considerable.

    hep-phastro-ph.GAPRD(2025)·3 citations
17. 17*

    Angular momentum effects in neutron decay

    I. Pavlov🇷🇺 · A. Chaikovskaia🇷🇺 · D. Karlovets🇷🇺

    We investigate the intriguing phenomenon of beta decay of a free neutron in a non-plane-wave(structured) state. Our analysis covers three types of states: unpolarized vortex (Bessel) neutrons that possess nonzero orbital angular momentum (OAM), Laguerre-Gaussian wave packets, and spin-correlated OAM (spin-orbit) states characterized by unique polarization patterns. These states are of particular interest as they have recently been generated in neutron optics experiments and have promising applications in studies of quantum magnetic materials. The spectral-angular distributions (SAD) of the emitted electrons and protons are examined. We show that the high sensitivity of the protons SAD to the structure of the neutron wave packet can be used as a tool to extract the distinctive features of the non-plane-wave neutron states. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the angular distribution of the emitted particles serves as a reflection of the spatial symmetries inherent to the neutron wave packet.

    hep-phquant-phPRC(2025)·4 citations
18. 18*

    Flow Annealed Importance Sampling Bootstrap meets Differentiable Particle Physics

    Annalena Kofler🇩🇪 · Vincent Stimper🇬🇧 · Mikhail Mikhasenko🇩🇪 · Michael Kagan🇺🇸 · Lukas Heinrich🇩🇪

    High-energy physics requires the generation of large numbers of simulated data samples from complex but analytically tractable distributions called matrix elements. Surrogate models, such as normalizing flows, are gaining popularity for this task due to their computational efficiency. We adopt an approach based on Flow Annealed importance sampling Bootstrap (FAB) that evaluates the differentiable target density during training and helps avoid the costly generation of training data in advance. We show that FAB reaches higher sampling efficiency with fewer target evaluations in high dimensions in comparison to other methods.

    hep-phcs.LGphysics.comp-phphysics.data-anMach.Learn.Sci.Tech.(2025)·6 citations
19. 19*

    New parameter region in sterile neutrino searches: a scenario to alleviate cosmological neutrino mass bound and its testability at oscillation experiments

    Toshihiko Ota🇨🇱

    Recent high-precision cosmological data tighten the bound to neutrino masses and start rising a tension to the results of lab-experiment measurements, which may hint new physics in the role of neutrinos during the structure formation in the universe. A scenario with massless sterile neutrinos was proposed to alleviate the cosmological bound and recover the concordance in the measurements of neutrino masses. We revisit the scenario and discuss its testability at oscillation experiments. We find that the scenario is viable with a large active-sterile mixing that is testable at oscillation experiments. We present a numerical estimation of the sensitivity reach of the IceCube atmospheric neutrino observation to a sterile neutrino with a mass lighter than active neutrinos for the first time. IceCube shows a good sensitivity to the active-sterile mixing at the mass-square difference with a size of $\sim 0.1$ eV${}^2$ in the case of the \textit{inverted-mass-ordering sterile neutrino}, which is forbidden under the assumption of the standard cosmology but is allowed thanks to the alleviation of the cosmological bound in this scenario.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·2 citations
20. 20*

    Conformal Mapping in Matching Quark Correlation Functions to Parton Distribution Functions

    Jia-Lu Zhang🇨🇳

    In high-energy particle physics, extracting parton distribution functions (PDFs) from lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations remains a significant challenge, particularly due to the divergent nature of perturbative expansions at high orders. The presence of renormalon singularities in the Borel plane further hinders the accurate determination of PDFs, especially in the context of lattice QCD and effective field theory approaches like Large Momentum Effective Theory (LaMET). This study explores the application of conformal mapping as a technique to improve the convergence of perturbative series for matching kernels. By transforming the Borel plane to map singularities onto the unit disk, this method mitigates the effects of divergent behavior in high-order perturbative expansions of matching kernels. The numerical analysis focuses on the matching kernel for quark correlation functions (QCFs), using the CT18NNLO PDFs for u-quarks and d-quarks, along with N3LO hard kernel inputs. The results demonstrate that conformal mapping enhances the stability of the perturbative series, reducing the root-mean-square (RMS) error by up to $40\%$ compared to conventional ${\alpha }_s$ series. These findings highlight the potential of conformal mapping to enhance the precision of PDFs and reduce theoretical uncertainties in high-order QCD calculations.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·4 citations
21. 21*

    How well does nonrelativistic QCD factorization work at next-to-leading order?

    Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Mathias Butenschoen🇩🇪 · Xiang-Peng Wang🇩🇪

    We perform a thorough investigation of the universality of the long distance matrix elements (LDMEs) of nonrelativistic QCD factorization based on a next-to-leading order (NLO) fit of $J/\psi$ color octet (CO) LDMEs to high transverse momentum $p_T$ $J/\psi$ and ${\eta }_c$ production data at the LHC. We thereby apply a novel fit-and-predict procedure to systematically take into account scale variations, and predict various observables never studied in this context before. In particular, the LDMEs can well describe $J/\psi$ hadroproduction up to the highest measured values of $p_T$, as well as ${\rm Y}(nS)$ production via potential NRQCD based relations. Furthermore, $J/\psi$ production in $\gamma \gamma$ and $\gamma p$ collisions is surprisingly reproduced down to $p_T=1$ GeV, as long as the region of large inelasticity $z$ is excluded, which may be of significance in future quarkonium studies, in particular at the EIC and the high-luminosity LHC. In addition, our summary reveals an interesting pattern as to which observables still evade a consistent description.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·18 citations
22. 22*

    Analytical Solution of the Nonlinear Relativistic Boltzmann Equation

    Jin Hu🇨🇳

    We provide an exact analytical solution to the nonlinear relativistic Boltzmann equation for a homogeneous, anisotropically scattering massless gas. Utilizing a BKW-like trial solution, we cast the Boltzmann equation into a set of nonlinear coupled equations for scalar moments, based on which the analytical solution is derived. One remarkable feature of our analytical solution lies in the nontrivial scattering angle dependence. We also show that this analytical solution admits a stable fixed point corresponding to the equilibrium solution as long as the parameters are physically feasible. Furthermore, a clear correspondence between our solution and the BKW solution pertaining to nonrelativistic Maxwell molecules is established, thereby clarifying the non-existence of a BKW-type solution in the relativistic domain for massive particles.

    hep-phcond-mat.stat-mechgr-qchep-th+1JHEP(2025)·5 citations
23. 23*

    Magnetic Moments of Hidden-Charm Pentaquarks in the Diquark-Diquark-Antiquark Scheme

    Halil Mutuk🇹🇷

    The magnetic moment of a hadron is an important spectroscopic parameter that encodes valuable information about its internal structure. In this work, we systematically investigate the magnetic moments of hidden-charm pentaquark states, including the experimentally observed $P_c(4457)$ and related configurations with and without strangeness. The analysis is performed within the diquark-diquark-antiquark framework for spin-parity quantum numbers $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$, ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$, and ${\frac{5}{2}}^{-}$. Magnetic moment values are computed for different spin and flavor configurations, and the results are compared with existing predictions in the literature. These predictions may offer insight into the inner structure and quantum numbers of these exotic states, and potentially help distinguish between different theoretical models.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latChin.J.Phys.(2025)·10 citations
24. 24*

    Left-right asymmetry calculation comparisons and projected sensitivity to the weak mixing angle in polarized Bhabha scattering at 10.58 GeV

    Caleb Miller🇨🇦 · J. Michael Roney🇨🇦

    Consideration is being given to upgrading the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider with the introduction of electron-beam polarization. This would enable a unique precision electroweak physics program that opens new ways to search for physics beyond the Standard Model. The upgrade would enable Belle II to make a number of high precision measurements, one of which is the left-right cross-section asymmetry in the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Bhabha scattering process. The expected level of precision in such a measurement will require the theoretical values of the asymmetry to be calculated at least to the next-to-leading order (NLO) level, and the implementation of simulation event generators with a similar level of precision. In this study, we compare the calculations of the ReneSANCe Monte Carlo generator with those of an independent NLO calculation to determine the level of agreement in this process. A 2.3% difference between the calculations is found and attributed to some higher-order effects being accounted for in the ReneSANCe generator. Using the published Belle II efficiency for selecting Bhabha events and assuming a 40 ab${}^{-1}$ dataset having 70% polarization, the projected uncertainty on the weak mixing angle, sin${}^2{\theta }_W$ , is calculated using ReneSANCe to be $\pm$0.00032 or better. Combining this with left-right asymmetry measurements from muons and taus under the assumption of lepton universality yields a projected overall uncertainty of $\pm$0.00019 on sin${}^2{\theta }_W$ with SuperKEKB upgraded to have polarized electron beams.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·2 citations
25. 25*

    Gluons in the ${\eta }^{\prime }$ and in nucleon resonances

    Steven D. Bass🇵🇱

    We discuss the role of gluon dynamics in ${\eta }^{\prime }$ physics and in nucleon resonances where excitations of gluonic potentials may also be important. Interesting phenomenology includes a possible narrow near threshold resonance in ${\eta }^{\prime }$ photoproduction and whether the parity doublets observed in the higher mass nucleon resonance spectrum might be hinting at a possible second minimum in the confinement potential corresponding to supercritical confinement.

    hep-phnucl-thActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2025)·0 citations
26. 26*

    Renormalisation group evolution of the shape function $g_{17}$ in $\bar{B}\to X_s\gamma$ and $\bar{B}\to X_s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ at subleading power

    Riccardo Bartocci🇩🇪 · Philipp Böer🇨🇭 · Tobias Hurth🇩🇪

    We derive and solve the renormalisation-group (RG) equation of the shape function $g_{17}(\omega ,{\omega }_1;\mu )$, which appears at subleading power in the factorization of the inclusive decays $\bar{B}\to X_s\gamma$ and $\bar{B}\to X_s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$. Our results provide the first ingredient for a next-to-leading order analysis of the respective resolved-photon $Q_1^c-Q_{7\gamma }$ interference contribution, whose current uncertainties are among the largest ones in both inclusive penguin modes. As a by-product of our study, we find that the analytic properties of the soft anomalous dimension as well as the jet functions in a factorization theorem allow for a simplified renormalisation of operators in Heavy-Quark Effective Theory that are composed of fields smeared along distinct light-cone directions. Their hadronic matrix elements become relevant in various inclusive and exclusive $B$-decays beyond leading power in the heavy-quark and large-energy expansion. Using these insights, we derive and solve a simpler ``reduced'' RG equation of an amplitude-level soft function that describes the long-distance QCD dynamics for penguin contributions to exclusive ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to \gamma \gamma$ decays, and which has recently been discussed in the literature.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·12 citations
27. 27*

    Simulation of single diffraction dissociation in resonance region at LHC energies

    O. S. Potiienko🇺🇦 · D. V. Zhuravel🇺🇦 · D. M. Riabov🇺🇦 · N. O. Chudak🇺🇦

    A comprehensive review of the single diffraction dissociation duality-based model at low missing masses have been presented. The distinguishing feature of the model is the nonlinear Regge proton trajectory used to account for the resonances contributions to the cross-sections. It helps classify and understand the spectrum of excited states of proton and their decays, providing insights into the internal structure and dynamics of particles. The behavior of the differential cross-section in the resonance region at small missing masses $M_x$ is investiaged. The model parameters are refined in the light of new experimental data.

    hep-phUkr.J.Phys.(2025)·0 citations
28. 28*

    Solar Model Independent Constraints on the Sterile Neutrino Interpretation of the Gallium Anomaly

    M. C. Gonzalez-Garcia🇺🇸 · Michele Maltoni🇪🇸 · João Paulo Pinheiro🇪🇸

    We perform a global analysis of most up-to-date solar neutrino data and KamLAND reactor antineutrino data in the framework of the 3+1 sterile neutrino mixing scenario (invoked to explain the results of the Gallium source experiments) with the aim of quantifying the dependence of the (in)compatibility of the required mixing with assumptions on the initial fluxes. The analysis of solar data is performed in two alternative ways: using the flux predicted by the latest standard solar models, and in a model independent approach where the solar fluxes are also determined by the fit. The dependence on the normalization of the capture rate in the solar Gallium experiments is also quantified. Similarly, in the KamLAND analysis we consider both the case where the reactor flux normalization is assumed to be known a priori, as well as a normalization free case which relies solely on available neutrino data. Using a parameter goodness of fit test, we find that in most cases the compatibility between Gallium and solar+KamLAND data only occur at the $3\sigma$ level or higher. We also discuss the implications of enforcing better compatibility by tweaking the mechanism for the energy production in the Sun.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2025)·9 citations
29. 29*

    Tidal Resonance in Binary Neutron Star Inspirals: A High-Precision Study in Numerical Relativity

    Hao-Jui Kuan🇩🇪 · Kenta Kiuchi🇩🇪 · Masaru Shibata🇩🇪

    We investigate the tidal resonance of the fundamental ($f$-)mode in spinning neutron stars, robustly tracing the onset of the excitation to its saturation, using numerical relativity for the first time. We performed long-term ($\approx 15$~orbits) fully relativistic simulations of a merger of two highly and retrogradely spinning neutron stars. The resonance window of the $f$-mode is extended by self-interaction, and the nonlinear resonance continues up to the final plunging phase. We observe that the quasi-circular orbit is maintained throughout since the dissipation of orbit motion due to the resonance is coherent with that due to gravitational waves. The $f$-mode resonance causes a variation in the stellar spin of $\gtrsim 6.3\%$ in the linear regime and much more as $\sim 33\%$ during the later nonlinear regime. At the merger, a phase shift of $\lesssim 40$~radians is rendered in the gravitational waveform as a consequence of the angular momentum and energy transfers into the neutron star oscillations.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcPRL(2025)·20 citations
30. 30*

    Constraining neutrino charges at beam experiments

    Jack D. Shergold🇪🇸 · Martin Spinrath🇹🇼

    We propose a new method to constrain neutrino charges at neutrino beam experiments. Uncharged in the Standard Model, evidence for a neutrino electric charge would be a smoking gun for new physics, shedding light on the Dirac or Majorana nature of neutrinos, and giving insight into the origin of charge quantization. We find that using the most sensitive magnetometers available, existing beam experiments could constrain neutrino charges $|q_{\nu }|\lesssim 10^{-13}$, in units of the electron charge, while future upgrades could strengthen these bounds significantly. We also discuss electromagnetic dipole moments and show that our proposal is highly sensitive to new long-range forces.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·0 citations
31. 31*

    Comparable Dark Matter and Baryon energy densities from Dark Grand Unification

    Yi Chung🇩🇪

    We investigate a theory of $SU(9)$ dark grand unification, where dark matter consists of asymmetric dark baryons from the $Sp(4{)}_D$ dark QCD sector. By unifying the dark color gauge group with the Standard Model gauge group, the asymmetry generation in both sectors originates from a common process that preserves a $U(1{)}_{D-(B-L)}$ symmetry, resulting in comparable number densities. Furthermore, thanks to dark grand unification, the $Sp(4{)}_D$ dark QCD sector shares a similar matter content with the QCD sector, leading to comparable running of the gauge couplings from the scale as high as $10^{15}$ GeV. This predicts a dark color confinement scale and thus dark baryon masses around the GeV scale, comparable to visible baryon masses. Together with the similar number densities, the model provides an explanation for the observed similarity between the energy densities of dark matter and baryons, ${\rho }_D\approx 5{\rho }_B$. The model also features some novel phenomenology, including a GeV-scale flavored dark QCD sector with diquark dark baryons and light dark mesons. The interaction between the dark sector and the visible sector occurs via a new $Z^{\prime }$ boson with a mass of $\mathcal{O}(10)$ TeV, which could be searched for at future hadron colliders. We also briefly discuss an $SU(8)$ dark grand unified theory featuring an $SU(3{)}_D$ dark QCD sector.

    hep-phJHEP(2026)·6 citations
32. 32*

    Lie-Equivariant Quantum Graph Neural Networks

    Jogi Suda Neto🇧🇷 · Roy T. Forestano🇺🇸 · Sergei Gleyzer🇺🇸 · Kyoungchul Kong🇺🇸 · Konstantin T. Matchev🇺🇸 · Katia Matcheva🇺🇸

    Discovering new phenomena at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) involves the identification of rare signals over conventional backgrounds. Thus binary classification tasks are ubiquitous in analyses of the vast amounts of LHC data. We develop a Lie-Equivariant Quantum Graph Neural Network (Lie-EQGNN), a quantum model that is not only data efficient, but also has symmetry-preserving properties. Since Lorentz group equivariance has been shown to be beneficial for jet tagging, we build a Lorentz-equivariant quantum GNN for quark-gluon jet discrimination and show that its performance is on par with its classical state-of-the-art counterpart LorentzNet, making it a viable alternative to the conventional computing paradigm.

    ↳ quant-phcs.LGhep-exhep-ph2 citations
33. 33*

    Asymmetric Errors

    Roger Barlow🇬🇧 · Alessandra Brazzale · Igor Volobouev

    We present a procedure for handling asymmetric errors. Many results in particle physics are presented as values with different positive and negative errors, and there is no consistent procedure for handling them. We consider the difference between errors quoted using pdfs and using likelihoods, and the difference between the rms spread of a measurement and the 68\% central confidence region. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the possibilities, and software tools to enable their use.

    ↳ stat.MEhep-exhep-phNucl.Instrum.Meth.A(2026)·2 citations
34. 34*

    Condensation of Magnetic Fluxes and Landscape of QCD Vacuum

    George Savvidy🇬🇷

    I discuss new non-perturbative solutions of the sourceless Yang-Mills equation representing the superposition of oppositely oriented chromomagnetic flux tubes (vortices) similar in their form to a lattice of superposed Abrikosov-Nielsen-Olesen chromomagnetic vortices. These solutions represent highly degenerate classical vacua of the Yang Mills theory that are separated by potential barriers and are forming a complicated potential landscape of the QCD vacuum. It is suggested that the solutions describe a lattice of dense chromomagnetic vortices representing a dual analog of the Cooper pairs condensate in a superconductor.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MP0 citations
35. 35*

    Effective Theory Building and Manifold Learning

    David Peter Wallis Freeborn

    Manifold learning and effective model building are generally viewed as fundamentally different types of procedure. After all, in one we build a simplified model of the data, in the other, we construct a simplified model of the another model. Nonetheless, I argue that certain kinds of high-dimensional effective model building, and effective field theory construction in quantum field theory, can be viewed as special cases of manifold learning. I argue that this helps to shed light on all of these techniques. First, it suggests that the effective model building procedure depends upon a certain kind of algorithmic compressibility requirement. All three approaches assume that real-world systems exhibit certain redundancies, due to regularities. The use of these regularities to build simplified models is essential for scientific progress in many different domains.

    ↳ physics.hist-phhep-phhep-thmath-ph+1Synthese(2025)·0 citations
36. 36*

    Towards a parameter-free determination of critical exponents and chiral phase transition temperature in QCD

    Sabarnya Mitra🇩🇪 · Frithjof Karsch🇩🇪 · Sipaz Sharma🇩🇪

    In order to quantify the universal properties of the chiral phase transition in (2+1)-flavor QCD, we make use of an improved, renormalized order parameter for chiral symmetry breaking which is obtained as a suitable difference of the $2$-flavor light quark chiral condensate and its corresponding light quark susceptibility. Having no additive ultraviolet as well as multiplicative logarithmic divergences, we use ratios of this order parameter constructed from its values for two different light quark masses. We show that this facilitates determining in a parameter-independent manner, the chiral phase transition temperature $T_c$ and the associated critical exponent $\delta$ which, for sufficiently small values of the light quark masses, controls the quark mass dependence of the order parameter at $T_c$. We present first results of these calculations from our numerical analysis performed with staggered fermions on $N_{\tau }=8$ lattices.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-ex+1PoS(2025)·8 citations
37. 37*

    Critical fluid dynamics in two and three dimensions

    Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay🇺🇸 · Josh Ott🇺🇸 · Thomas Schaefer🇺🇸 · Vladimir V. Skokov🇺🇸

    We describe a numerical method for simulating stochastic fluid dynamics near a critical point in the Ising universality class. This theory is known as model H, and is expected to govern the non-equilibrium dynamics of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) near a possible critical endpoint of the phase transition between a hadron liquid and the quark-gluon plasma. The numerical algorithm is based on a Metropolis scheme, and automatically ensures that the distribution function of the hydrodynamic variables in equilibrium is independent of the transport coefficients and only governed by the microscopic free energy. We verify dynamic scaling near the critical point of a two and three-dimensional fluid and extract the associated critical exponent $z$. We find $z\simeq 3$ in three dimensions, and $z\simeq 2$ for a two-dimensional fluid. In a finite system, we observe a crossover between the mean field value $z=4$ and the true critical exponent $z\simeq 3$ ($z\simeq 2$ in $d=2$). This crossover is governed by the values of the correlation length and the renormalized shear viscosity.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-lathep-phPRD(2025)·11 citations
38. 38*

    Enhanced Disruption of Axion Minihalos by Multiple Stellar Encounters in the Milky Way

    Ian DSouza🇳🇿 · Chris Gordon🇳🇿 · John C. Forbes🇳🇿

    If QCD axion dark matter formed post-inflation, axion miniclusters emerged from isocurvature fluctuations and later merged hierarchically into minihalos. These minihalos, potentially disrupted by stellar encounters in the Milky Way, affect axion detectability. We extend prior analyses by more accurately incorporating multiple stellar encounters and dynamical relaxation timescales, simulating minihalo orbits in the Galactic potential. Our results show stellar interactions are more destructive than previously estimated, reducing minihalo mass retention at the solar system to ~30%, compared to earlier estimates of ~60%. This enhanced loss arises from cumulative energy injections when relaxation periods between stellar encounters are accounted for. The altered minihalo mass function implies a larger fraction of axion dark matter occupies inter-minihalo space, potentially increasing the local axion density and improving haloscope detection prospects. This work highlights the significance of detailed modeling of stellar disruptions in shaping the axion dark matter distribution.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·8 citations
39. 39*

    Cosmological Constant Suppression in Non-Stationary Scalar Covariant State

    A. Aynbund🇷🇺 · V. V. Kiselev🇷🇺

    We study a spatial-temporal structure of quantum fluctuations in the stress-energy tensor of zero-point modes for a scalar field in order to formulate a covariant model. The model describes an invariant vacuum contribution to the cosmological constant in the non-stationary coherent state in a finite volume. Bare and effective mean values of vacuum energy density are compared.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-ph3 citations
40. 40*

    Wiggly dilaton: a landscape of spontaneously broken scale invariance

    Sudhakantha Girmohanta🇨🇳 · Yuichiro Nakai🇨🇳 · Yu-Cheng Qiu🇨🇳 · Zhihao Zhang🇨🇳

    The dilaton emerges as a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) associated with the spontaneous breaking of scale invariance in a nearly conformal field theory (CFT). We show the existence of a wiggly dilaton potential that contains multiple vacuum solutions in a five-dimensional (5D) holographic formulation. The wiggly feature originates from boundary potentials of a 5D axion-like scalar field, whose naturally small bulk mass parameter corresponds to a marginally-relevant deformation of the dual CFT. Depending on the energy density of a boundary 3-brane, our model can provide a relaxion potential or generate a light dilaton. However, an extremely light dilaton requires fine-tuning.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPLB(2025)·3 citations
41. 41*

    Learning Hadron Emitting Sources with Deep Neural Networks

    Lingxiao Wang🇯🇵 · Jiaxing Zhao🇩🇪

    The correlation function observed in high-energy collision experiments encodes critical information about the emitted source and hadronic interactions. While the proton-proton interaction potential is well constrained by nucleon-nucleon scattering data, these measurements offer a unique avenue to investigate the proton-emitting source, reflecting the dynamical properties of the collisions. In this Letter, we present an unbiased approach to reconstruct proton-emitting sources from experimental correlation functions. Within an automatic differentiation framework, we parameterize the source functions with deep neural networks, to compute correlation functions. This approach achieves a lower chi-squared value compared to conventional Gaussian source functions and captures the long-tail behavior, in qualitative agreement with simulation predictions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phCommun.Phys.(2026)·13 citations
42. 42*

    The non-linear dynamics of axion inflation: a detailed lattice study

    Daniel G. Figueroa🇪🇸 · Joanes Lizarraga🇪🇸 · Nicolás Loayza🇪🇸 · Ander Urio🇪🇸 · Jon Urrestilla🇪🇸

    We study in detail the fully inhomogeneous non-linear dynamics of axion inflation, identifying three regimes: weak-, mild-, and strong-backreaction, depending on the duration of inflation. We use lattice techniques that explicitly preserve gauge invariance and shift symmetry, and which we validate against other computational methods of the linear dynamics and of the homogeneous backreaction regime. Notably, we demonstrate that the latter fails to accurately describe the truly local dynamics of strong backreaction. We investigate the convergence of simulations of local backreaction, determining the requirements to achieve an accurate description of the dynamics, and providing useful parametrizations of the delay of the end of inflation. Additionally, we identify key features emerging from a proper local treatment of strong backreaction: the dominance of magnetic energy against the electric counterpart, the excitation of the longitudinal mode, and the generation of a scale-dependent chiral (im)balance. Our results underscore the necessity to accurately capture the local nature of the non-linear dynamics of the system, in order to correctly assess phenomenological predictions, such as e.g. the production of gravitational waves and primordial black holes.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-lathep-phPRD(2025)·43 citations
43. 43*

    Steady-state bubbles beyond local thermal equilibrium

    Tomasz Krajewski🇵🇱 · Marek Lewicki🇵🇱 · Ignacy Nałęcz🇵🇱 · Mateusz Zych🇵🇱

    We investigate the hydrodynamic solutions for expanding bubbles in cosmological first-order phase transitions going beyond local thermal equilibrium approximation. Under the assumption of a tangenosidal field profile, we supplement the matching conditions with the entropy produced due to the interaction of the bubble wall with ambient plasma. This allows us to analytically compute the corresponding fluid profiles and find bubble-wall velocity. We show that due to the entropy production, two stable solutions corresponding to a deflagration or hybrid and a detonation can coexist. Finally, we use numerical real-time simulations of bubble growth to show that in such cases it is typically the faster detonation solution which is realised. This effect can be explained in terms of the fluid profile not being fully formed into the predicted steady-state solution as the wall accelerates past this slower solution.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJHEP(2025)·22 citations
44. 44*

    Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons

    Shuang-Yong Zhou🇨🇳

    Solitons in relativistic field theories are not necessarily topologically charged. In particular, non-topological solitons -- known as Q-balls -- arise naturally in nonlinear field theories endowed with attractive interactions and internal symmetries. Even without stabilizing internal symmetries, quasi-solitons known as oscillons, which are long-lived, can also exist. Both Q-balls and oscillons have significant applications in cosmology and particle physics. This review is an updated account of the intriguing properties and dynamics of these non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons, as well as their important roles in early-universe scenarios and particle physics models.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phRept.Prog.Phys.(2025)·36 citations
45. 45*

    Inflation with the Trace Anomaly Action and Primordial Black Holes

    Gregory Gabadadze🇺🇸 · David N. Spergel🇺🇸 · Giorgi Tukhashvili🇺🇸

    We study inflation in a recently proposed gravitational effective field theory describing the trace anomaly. The theory requires an additional scalar which is massless in the early universe. This scalar -- referenced as an anomalyon -- couples to the familiar matter and radiation through the gauge field trace anomaly. We derive a class of cosmological solutions that deviate from the standard inflationary ones only slightly, in spite of the fact that the anomalyon has a sizable time dependent background. On the other hand, the scalar cosmological perturbations in this theory are different from the conventional inflationary perturbations. The inflaton and anomalyon perturbations mix, and one of the diagonal combinations gives the standard nearly scale-invariant adiabatic spectrum, while the other combination has a blue power spectrum at short distance scales. We argue that this blue spectrum can lead to the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) at distance scales much shorter than the ones tested in CMB observations. The resulting PBHs can be heavy enough to survive to the present day universe. For natural values of the parameters involved the PBHs would constitute only a tiny fraction of the dark matter, but with fine-tunings perhaps all of dark matter could be accounted by them. We also show that the theory predicts primordial gravitational waves which are almost identical to the standard inflationary ones.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·4 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.