Fri·Nov 22, 2024Friday·November 22, 2024

1. 01*

   Optimal sensitivity of anomalous charged triple gauge couplings through $W$ boson helicity at the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders

   Sahabub Jahedi🇨🇳 · Jayita Lahiri🇩🇪 · Amir Subba🇮🇳

   We study the estimation of anomalous charged triple gauge couplings (cTGCs) parameterized in a model-independent Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) framework via $WW$ production followed by semi-leptonic decay at the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders. The anomalous $(WWV(V=\gamma ,Z))$ couplings are given in terms of Wilson coefficients of three CP-conserving and two CP-violating dimension-6 operators in the HISZ basis. We adopt the optimal observable technique (OOT) to extract the sensitivity of these anomalous couplings and compare it with the latest experimental limits on anomalous couplings studied at the LHC. The limits on the anomalous couplings obtained via OOT are significantly tighter than the ones obtained using standard ${\chi }^2$ analysis. The impact of different helicity combinations of the $W$ boson pair in determining optimal sensitivity is analyzed. The constraints on CP-violating operators from the electron electric dipole moment (EDM) are also discussed.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·5 citations
2. 02*

   Probing the Inert Doublet Model via Vector-Boson Fusion at a Muon Collider

   Johannes Braathen🇩🇪 · Martin Gabelmann🇩🇪 · Tania Robens🇭🇷 · Panagiotis Stylianou🇩🇪

   In this work, we explore the discovery potential of the Inert Doublet Model (IDM) via the vector boson fusion (VBF) channel at a muon collider with centre-of-mass energy of 10 TeV. The Inert Doublet Model is a two-Higgs-doublet model variant with an unbroken discrete ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry, featuring new stable scalar particles that can serve as dark matter candidates. Current dark matter data constrain the phenomenologically viable parameter space of the IDM and render certain collider signatures elusive due to tiny couplings. However, VBF-type processes can still exhibit significant enhancements compared to the Standard Model, presenting a promising avenue to probe the IDM at a high-energy muon collider. We consider as our specific target process ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to {\nu }_{\mu }{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }AA\to {\nu }_{\mu }{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }jj\ell \ell HH$, where $H$ and $A$ are the lightest and second-lightest new scalars and $\ell$ can be electrons or muons. We perform both cut-based and machine-learning improved sensitivity analyses for such a signal, finding a population of promising benchmark scenarios. We additionally investigate the impact of the collider energy by comparing sensitivities to the target process at 3 TeV and 10 TeV. Our results provide a clear motivation for a muon collider design capable of reaching a 10 TeV centre-of-mass energy. We furthermore discuss constraints stemming from new-physics corrections to the Higgs to di-photon decay rate as well as the trilinear Higgs coupling in detail, using state-of-the-art higher-order calculations.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·19 citations
3. 03*

   Scotogenic dark matter from gauged $B-L$

   Yadir Garnica🇲🇽 · América Morales🇲🇽 · Carlos A. Vaquera-Araujo🇲🇽

   We propose a $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ gauge extension to the SM, in which the dark sector is stabilized through a matter parity symmetry preserved after spontaneous symmetry breaking. The fermion spectrum includes three neutral right-handed fields with $B-L$ charges $(-4,-4,5)$, that make the model free of gauge anomalies. Two of these neutral fermion fields serve as mediators in a scotogenic mechanism for light-active Majorana neutrino masses. The corresponding neutrino mass matrix has rank 2, predicting a massless state and a lower bound for neutrinoless double beta decay. Regions in the parameter space consistent with dark matter relic abundance are accomplished by the lightest neutral mediator.

   hep-phPLB(2025)·5 citations
4. 04*

   Probing Compressed Mass Spectrum Supersymmetry at the LHC with the Vector Boson Fusion Topology

   Umar Sohail Qureshi🇺🇸 · Alfredo Gurrola🇺🇸 · Andres Flórez🇨🇴

   We present a phenomenology study probing pair production of supersymmetric charginos and neutralinos ("electroweakinos") with the vector boson fusion (VBF) topology in proton-proton collisions at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, we examine the compressed-mass spectrum phase space that has been traditionally challenging due to experimental constraints. The final states considered have two jets, large missing transverse momentum, and one, two, or three light leptons. Different model scenarios are considered for the production and decays of the electroweakinos. A novel high-performance and interpretable sequential attention-based machine learning algorithm is employed for signal-background discrimination and is observed to significantly improve signal sensitivity over traditional methods. We report expected signal significances for integrated luminosities of $137$, $300$, and $3000$ ${\text{fb}}^{-1}$ corresponding to the current data acquired at the LHC, expectation for the end of Run 3, and the expectation for the high-luminosity LHC. Our methodology results in projected 95\% confidence level bounds that cover chargino masses up to 1.1 TeV in compressed-mass spectrum scenarios within the R-parity conserving minimal supersymmetric standard model. This parameter space, currently beyond the reach of ATLAS and CMS searches at the LHC, is traditionally challenging to explore due to significant Standard Model backgrounds and low signal cross-sections.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·7 citations
5. 05*

   Transverse spin effects and light-quark dipole moments at lepton colliders

   Xin-Kai Wen🇨🇳 · Bin Yan🇨🇳 · Zhite Yu🇺🇸 · C.-P. Yuan🇺🇸

   We propose to probe light-quark dipole interactions at lepton colliders using the azimuthal asymmetry of a collinear dihadron pair $(h_1{h}_2)$ produced in association with another hadron $h^{\prime }$. This asymmetry, arising from quantum interference in the quark spin space, is exclusively sensitive to dipole interactions at the leading power of the new physics scale and simultaneously probes both the real and imaginary components of the dipole couplings. By combining all possible channels of $h^{\prime }$, this method allows for disentangling the up and down quark dipole moments and has the potential to significantly strengthen current constraints by one to two orders of magnitude.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·16 citations
6. 06*

   Neutrino mass genesis in Scoto-Inverse Seesaw with Modular $A_4$

   Gourab Pathak🇮🇳 · Pritam Das🇮🇳 · Mrinal Kumar Das🇮🇳

   We propose a hybrid scotogenic inverse seesaw framework in which the Majorana mass term is generated at the one-loop level through the inclusion of a singlet fermion. This singlet Majorana fermion also serves as a viable thermal relic dark matter candidate due to its limited interactions with other fields. To construct the model, we adopt an $A_4$ flavour symmetry in a modular framework, where the odd modular weight of the fields ensures their stability, and the specific modular weights of the couplings yield distinctive modular forms, leading to various phenomenological consequences. The explicit flavour structure of the mass matrices produces characteristic correlation patterns among the parameters. Furthermore, we examine several testable implications of the model, including neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$), charged lepton flavour violation (cLFV), and direct detection prospects for the dark matter candidate. These features make our model highly testable in upcoming experiments.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·17 citations
7. 07*

   Quantum gravity corrections to the spontaneous excitation of an accelerated atom interacting with a quantum scalar field

   Zhi Wang🇨🇳

   The Generalized Uncertainty Principle (GUP) extends the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle (HUP) by suggesting a minimum observable scale that includes the effects of quantum gravity, which is supposed to potentially result in observable effects far below the Planck energy scale, providing us the opportunity to explore the theory of quantum gravity through physical processes at low energy scale. In present work, we study the corrections induced by the GUP to the spontaneous radiation properties of a two-level atom interacting with a real massless scalar quantum field based on the DDC formalism. The GUP alters the correlation function of the scalar field, consequently affecting the radiative properties of atoms. We calculate the rate of change in the mean atomic energy for an atom undergoing inertial motion, uniform acceleration, and uniform circular motion. We show that the GUP can modify the spontaneous emission rate of an excited-state atom in inertial motion; however, it does not alter the stability of the ground-state atom in vacuum. For an atom in uniformly accelerated and uniformly circular motions, the GUP can change both its spontaneous emission and excitation rates; moreover, the corrections caused by the GUP contains the terms proportional to $\beta a^2$ or $\beta a^3$, suggesting that the proper acceleration $a$ of an atom in non-inertial motions could significantly amplify the effect of the GUP on the spontaneous transition rates of the atom.

   hep-phgr-qcquant-phNPB(2025)·1 citation
8. 08*

   Sensitivities to New Resonance Couplings to $W$-Bosons at the LHC

   Ying-nan Mao🇨🇳 · Kechen Wang🇨🇳 · Yiheng Xiong🇨🇳

   We propose a search strategy at the HL-LHC for a new neutral particle $X$ that couples to $W$-bosons, using the process $pp\to W^{\pm }X(\to W^{+}{W}^{-})$ with a tri-$W$-boson final state. Focusing on events with two same-sign leptonic $W$-boson decays into muons and a hadronically decaying $W$-boson, our method leverages the enhanced signal-to-background discrimination achieved through a machine-learning-based multivariate analysis. Using the heavy photophobic axion-like particle (ALP) as a benchmark, we evaluate the discovery sensitivities on both production cross section times branching ratio $\sigma (pp\to W^{\pm }X)\times \text{Br}(X\to W^{+}{W}^{-})$ and the coupling $g_{aWW}$ for the particle mass over a wide range of 170-3000 GeV at the HL-LHC with center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=14$ TeV and integrated luminosity $\mathcal{L}=3$ ${\text{ab}}^{-1}$. Our results show significant improvements in discovery sensitivity, particularly for masses above 300 GeV, compared to existing limits derived from CMS analyses of Standard Model (SM) tri-$W$-boson production at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV. This study demonstrates the potential of advanced selection techniques in probing the coupling of new particles to $W$-bosons and highlights the HL-LHC's capability to explore the physics beyond the SM.

   hep-phCPC(2025)·6 citations
9. 09*

   Analysis of hidden-charm pentaquarks as triangle singularities via deep learning

   Darwin Alexander O. Co🇵🇭 · Denny Lane B. Sombillo🇵🇭

   Identifying the nature of near-threshold enhancements is hindered by the limited resolution of experimental data leading to multiple conflicting interpretations. A prominent example of ambiguous line shape is the set of pentaquark signals observed by LHCb in 2019. Some of these signals can be interpreted as hadronic molecule, compact state, virtual state, or due to a kinematical triangle mechanism. In this work, we leverage the model-selection capability of deep neural networks to analyze and identify the nature of $P_{c\bar{c}}(4457{)}^{+}$. We trained a set of deep neural networks using line shapes with enhancements produced by triangle singularities and those produced by nearby poles. The training dataset for the triangle enhancements are generated by using a set of hadrons satisfying the required mass condition. The training line shapes for the pole-based classifications are generated using uniformized independent $S$-matrix poles configured to appear close to the relevant threshold. We found that, despite the presence of experimental uncertainties, the triangle mechanism is ruled out by the experimental data. The results also suggest that the data favor the pole-shadow pair interpretation for the $P_{c\bar{c}}(4457{)}^{+}$, which corresponds to a characteristic pole structure involving a resonance in a two-channel scattering system. Our result is consistent with the initial analysis done by LHCb favoring the Breit-Wigner fit over the triangle singularity. The present analysis offers an alternative approach to studying line shapes, supplementing the standard fitting methods.

   hep-phPoS(2025)·7 citations
10. 10*

    Investigating the universality of five-point QCD scattering amplitudes at high energy

    Federico Buccioni🇩🇪 · Fabrizio Caola🇬🇧 · Federica Devoto🇺🇸 · Giulio Gambuti🇬🇧

    We investigate $2\to 3$ QCD scattering amplitudes in multi-Regge kinematics, i.e. where the final partons are strongly ordered in rapidity. In this regime amplitudes exhibit intriguing factorisation properties which can be understood in terms of effective degrees of freedom called \emph{reggeons}. Working within the Balitsky/JIMWLK framework, we predict these amplitudes for the first time to next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic order, and compare against the limit of QCD scattering amplitudes in full colour and kinematics. We find that the latter can be described in terms of universal objects, and that the apparent non-universality arising at NNLL comes from well-defined and under-control contributions that we can predict. Thanks to this observation, we extract for the first time the universal vertex that controls the emission of the central-rapidity gluon, both in QCD and $N=4$ super Yang-Mills.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2025)·21 citations
11. 11*

    TeV Window to Grand Unification: Higgs's Light Color Triplet Partner

    Gia Dvali🇩🇪 · Otari Sakhelashvili🇦🇺 · Anja Stuhlfauth🇩🇪

    The color-triplet partner of the Higgs doublet, called a $T$-particle, is a universal feature of Grand Unification. It has been shown some time ago that this particle can be accessible for direct production in collider experiments. In this paper we point out that the $T$-particle represents a simultaneous low-energy probe of baryon number violation as well as of the origin of the neutrino mass, linking the mediation of proton decay with oscillations of the neutron into a sterile neutrino. We point out a triple correlation between its collider signatures, proton decay measurements and the searches for the magnetic resonance disappearance of free neutrons in cold neutron experiments. In this way, the $T$-particle can provide a diversity of correlated experimental windows into Grand Unification.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Towards a precision calculation of $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ in the Standard Model IV: Estimating the impact of positronium formation

    Tobias Binder🇩🇪 · Marco Drewes🇧🇪 · Yannis Georis🇧🇪 · Michael Klasen🇩🇪 · Giovanni Pierobon🇦🇺 · Yvonne Y. Y.Wong🇦🇺

    We present a first assessment of how the previously unexplored effect of positronium formation can impact on the value of the effective number of neutrino species in the Standard Model, $N_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\mathrm{SM}}$. Adopting a Yukawa form for the electrostatic potential, we discuss two possible scenarios that differ primarily in their assumptions about entropy evolution. The first, out-of-equilibrium scenario assumes that thermal corrections to the potential such as Debye screening prevent positronium from appearing until the temperature drops below a threshold. Once the threshold is reached, entropy generated in the QED sector from the equilibration process, if instantaneous, leads to a variation in $N_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\mathrm{SM}}$ of at most $|\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}|\sim 10^{-4}$, comparable to other uncertainties in the current benchmark value for $N_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\mathrm{SM}}$. A more gradual formation could however yield a larger change. The second, equilibrium scenario assumes the QED sector to stay in equilibrium at all times. In this case, we show that cancellations between the first, $s$-wave bound- and scattering-states contributions ensure that it is possible to evolve the system across the bound-state formation threshold without generating entropy in the QED sector. The corresponding change in $N_{\mathrm{eff}}^{\mathrm{SM}}$ then closely matches the $\mathcal{O}(e^2)$ perturbative result derived in previous works and the $\mathcal{O}(e^4)$ contribution is capped at $|\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}|\lesssim 10^{-6}$. We also comment on the impact of deviations from a pure Yukawa potential due to the presence of a thermal width.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2025)·10 citations
13. 13*

    Indications for new scalar resonances at the LHC and a possible interpretation

    Anirban Kundu🇮🇳 · Poulami Mondal🇮🇳 · Gilbert Moultaka🇫🇷

    Over the last few years, the CMS and ATLAS collaborations at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have reported excesses that could hint at several new scalar resonances. Although none of them has touched the discovery level, at least two of them, at about 95 GeV and 650 GeV, have been indicated by more than one experiments, and have reached statistical significance worthy of a serious investigation. Conservatively using only the numbers given by the experimental collaborations, we find combined global significances around 3$\sigma$ and 4$\sigma$ respectively for the 95~GeV and 650~GeV putative resonances. There are some more, like the one at 320 GeV, which have also been hinted at. We show that the data on only the 650 GeV resonance, assuming they stand the test of time, predict the existence of a doubly-charged scalar, and make the more common extensions of the scalar sector like those by gauge singlet scalars, the 2-Higgs doublet models or the Georgi-Machacek model, highly disfavored. We provide the readers with a minimalistic model that may possibly explain all the indications. Such a model can also accommodate the hints of a singly charged scalar at about 375 GeV, and a doubly charged scalar at about 450 GeV, as found by both the major LHC Collaborations, the combined global significance for each of them being above $2.5\sigma$. We show that even the scant data, with large error bars, have the potential to strongly constrain our model containing four scalar multiplets, which makes the model easily testable and falsifiable. Our analysis comes with the obvious caveat that the allowed parameter space that we find depends on the available data on all the new resonances, and may change in future. One may also note that this is an exploratory exercise that illustrates the difficulties when it comes to fitting several resonances simultaneously, even for next-to-minimal extensions of the SM.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2026)·8 citations
14. 14*

    Exploration of new experimental strategies for the detection of ultralight dark matter : laboratory searches on ground and in space

    Jordan Gué🇫🇷

    Ultralight dark matter (ULDM), as a class of low mass (< 1 eV) dark matter (DM) candidates, is a compelling alternative to historically dominant models such as WIMPs and has recently gained significant attention in the scientific community. In this thesis, we study various experimental schemes for the direct detection of ULDM, both on ground and in space. More precisely, we propose a theoretical modeling of current and futuristic experiments, and we derive an estimation of their respective sensitivity. We mainly concentrate on three distinct phenomenologies. The first one is the coupling between a DM U(1) field, known as the dark photon (DP), and electromagnetism, which induces a small electric field oscillating at the DP Compton frequency. We study how to detect this electric field using atoms inside a cavity and through dish antennas. The second main phenomenology considered in this thesis is the oscillation of rest mass and transition frequencies of atoms and test masses. These oscillations could be produced by the non-universal coupling of standard matter with a scalar ULDM candidate (dilaton or axion-like particle). We study how to detect such couplings in classical tests of the universality of free fall (UFF), atom interferometry and using LISA. Finally, we study the effect of vacuum birefringence and dichroism induced by the coupling between axions and photons, and how it could be detected with optical cavities, fibers, and LISA.

    hep-phgr-qc1 citation
15. 15*

    Clarity through the Neutrino Fog: Constraining New Forces in Dark Matter Detectors

    Pablo Blanco-Mas🇪🇸 · Pilar Coloma🇪🇸 · Gonzalo Herrera🇺🇸 · Patrick Huber🇺🇸 · Joachim Kopp🇨🇭 · Ian M. Shoemaker🇺🇸 · Zahra Tabrizi🇺🇸

    The PANDAX-4T and XENONnT experiments present indications of Coherent Elastic Neutrino Nucleus Scattering (CE$\nu$NS) from ${}^8$B solar neutrinos at 2.6$\sigma$ and 2.7$\sigma$, respectively. This constitutes the first observation of the neutrino "floor" or "fog", an irreducible background that future dark matter searches in terrestrial detectors will have to contend with. Here, we first discuss the contributions from neutrino-electron scattering and from the Migdal effect in the region of interest of these experiments, and we argue that they are non-negligible. Second, we make use of the recent PANDAX-4T and XENONnT data to derive novel constraints on light scalar and vector mediators coupling to neutrinos and quarks. We demonstrate that these experiments already provide world-leading laboratory constraints on new light mediators in some regions of parameter space.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·37 citations
16. 16*

    Steering in Neutrino Oscillations with Non-Standard Interaction

    Lekhashri Konwar🇮🇳 · Bhavna Yadav🇮🇳

    In this study, we analyze the influence of Non-Standard Interaction (NSI) on steering in three-flavor neutrino oscillations, with a focus on the NO$\nu$A and DUNE experimental setups. DUNE, having a longer baseline, exhibits a more pronounced deviation towards NSI in steering compared to NO$\nu$A. Within the energy range where DUNE's maximum flux appears, the steering value for DUNE shows a $21\%$ deviation from the Standard Model (SM) to NSI for normal ordering (NO), while for inverted ordering (IO), the steering value increases by approximately $15\%$ relative to the SM. We conduct a comparative analysis of nonlocality, steering, and entanglement. Additionally, we express steering in terms of three-flavor neutrino oscillation probabilities and explore the relationship between steering inequality and concurrence.

    hep-phJ.Phys.G(2025)·5 citations
17. 17*

    A Brief Introduction to PACIAE 4.0

    An-Ke Lei🇨🇳 · Zhi-Lei She🇨🇳 · Yu-Liang Yan🇨🇳 · Dai-Mei Zhou🇨🇳 · Liang Zheng🇨🇳 · Wen-Chao Zhang🇨🇳 · Hua Zheng🇨🇳 · Larissa V. Bravina🇳🇴 · Evgeny E. Zabrodin🇷🇺 · Ben-Hao Sa🇨🇳

    Parton And-hadron China Institute of Atomic Energy (PACIAE) is a multipurpose Monte Carlo event generator developed to describe a wide range of high-energy collisions, including lepton-lepton, lepton-hadron, lepton-nucleus, hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions. It is built based on the PYTHIA program, and incorporates parton and hadron cascades to address the nuclear medium effects. PACIAE 4.0 is the new generation of PACIAE model surpassing the version 3.0. In PACIAE 4.0, the old fixed-format FORTRAN 77 code has been refactored and rewritten by the free-format modern Fortran and C++ languages. The C++-based PYTHIA 8.3 is interfaced in, while previous versions connected to the Fortran-based PYTHIA 6.4 only. Several improvements are also introduced, which enable PACIAE 4.0 to contain more physics and features to model the high-energy collisions. This is the first attempt to transition PACIAE from Fortran to C++.

    hep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2025)·12 citations
18. 18*

    The nature of ${\chi }_{c1}\left(3872\right)$ and $T_{cc}^{+}\left(3875\right)$

    Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Abhishek Mohapatra🇩🇪 · Tommaso Scirpa🇩🇪 · Antonio Vairo🇩🇪

    Two decades ago the ${\chi }_{c1}\left(3872\right)$ was discovered in the hadron spectrum with two heavy quarks. The discovery fueled a surge in experimental research, uncovering dozens of so called XYZ exotics states lying outside the conventional quark model, as well as theoretical investigations into new forms of matter, such as quark-gluon hybrids, tetraquarks, pentaquarks, with the potential of disclosing new information about the fundamental strong force. Among the XYZs, the ${\chi }_{c1}\left(3872\right)$ and $T_{cc}^{+}\left(3875\right)$ stand out for their striking characteristics and unlashed many discussions about their nature. Here, we address this question using the Born--Oppenheimer Effective Field Theory (BOEFT) and show how QCD settles the issue of their composition. Not only we describe well the main features of the ${\chi }_{c1}\left(3872\right)$ and $T_{cc}^{+}\left(3875\right)$ but obtain also predictions in the bottomonium sector. This opens the way to systematic applications of BOEFT to all XYZs.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPRL(2025)·42 citations
19. 19*

    Neutrino Flavour Waves Through the Quantum Vacuum: A Theory of Oscillations

    Markku Oksanen🇫🇮 · Nico Stirling🇫🇮 · Anca Tureanu🇫🇮

    We propose a theory for neutrino oscillations, in which the flavour neutrinos are treated as waves of massless particles propagating in a "refractive quantum vacuum" and obeying a relativistically covariant equation of motion. The difference in strength between weak interactions and mass-generating interactions is argued to allow for the production and detection of flavour neutrinos in weak interactions as massless particles. They experience the mass-generating interactions as coherent forward scattering in the Brout-Englert-Higgs vacuum, which induces macroscopically multi-refringent effects. The flavour neutrino wave is then found to have a universal effective refractive mass in vacuum and a unique group velocity for a given energy. The coherence of the wave is manifest throughout and, at every moment of the propagation, the energy of the waves is the same. The standard oscillation probability in vacuum is obtained and the effects of matter are incorporated in a natural way.

    hep-phhep-thPLB(2025)·1 citation
20. 20*

    Probing dark matter halo profiles with multi-band observations of gravitational waves

    Divya Tahelyani🇮🇳 · Arpan Bhattacharyya🇮🇳 · Anand S. Sengupta🇮🇳

    In this paper, we evaluate the potential of multiband gravitational wave observations from a deci-Hz space-based detector and third-generation ground-based gravitational wave detectors to constrain the properties of dark matter spikes around intermediate-mass ratio inspirals. The presence of dark matter influences the orbital evolution of the secondary compact object through dynamic friction, which leads to a phase shift in the gravitational waveform compared to the vacuum case. Our analysis shows that the proposed Indian space-based detector GWSat, operating in the deciHz frequency band, provides the most stringent constraints on the dark matter spike parameters, as IMRIs spend a significant portion of their inspiral phase within its sensitivity range. While third-generation ground-based detectors such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer offer additional constraints, their contribution is somewhat limited, particularly for higher-mass systems where the signal duration in their frequency bands is shorter. However, for systems with detector-frame total masses $M_z<400{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, Cosmic Explorer and Einstein Telescope could improve the estimation of the chirp mass, symmetric mass ratio, luminosity distance, and dark matter spike power-law index by more than $15\%$. Nonetheless, their impact on the constraint of spike density is minimal. These results highlight the crucial role of deciHz space-based detectors in probing dark matter interactions with gravitational wave sources.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.GAhep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·16 citations
21. 21*

    Non-perturbative thermal QCD at very high temperatures: computational strategy and hadronic screening masses

    Leonardo Giusti🇮🇹 · Davide Laudicina🇩🇪 · Matteo Bresciani🇮🇹 · Mattia Dalla Brida🇮🇹 · Tim Harris🇨🇭 · Michele Pepe🇮🇹 · Pietro Rescigno🇮🇹

    We discuss a recently introduced strategy to study non-perturbatively thermal QCD up to temperatures of the order of the electro-weak scale, combining step scaling techniques and shifted boundary conditions. The former allow to renormalize the theory for a range of scales which spans several orders of magnitude with a moderate computational cost. Shifted boundary conditions remove the need for the zero temperature subtraction in the Equation of State. As a consequence, the simulated lattices do not have to accommodate two very different scales, the pion mass and the temperature, at the very same spacing. Effective field theory arguments guarantee that finite volume effects can be kept under control safely. With this strategy the first computation of the hadronic screening spectrum has been carried out over more than two orders of magnitude in the temperature, from $T\sim 1$ GeV up to $\sim 160$ GeV. This study is complemented with the first quantitative computation of the baryonic screening mass at next-to-leading order in the three-dimensional effective theory describing QCD at high temperatures. Both for the mesonic and the baryonic screening masses, the known leading behaviour in the coupling constant is found to be not sufficient to explain the non-perturbative data over the entire range of temperatures. These findings shed further light on the limited applicability of the perturbative approach at finite temperature, even at the electro-weak scale.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2025)·1 citation
22. 22*

    One Loop Thermal Effective Action

    Joydeep Chakrabortty🇮🇳 · Subhendra Mohanty🇮🇳

    We compute the one loop effective action for a Quantum Field Theory at finite temperature, in the presence of background gauge fields, employing the Heat-Kernel method. This method enables us to compute the thermal corrections to the Wilson coefficients associated with effective operators up to arbitrary mass dimension, which emerge after integrating out heavy scalars and fermions from a generic UV theory. The Heat-Kernel coefficients are functions of non-zero background `electric', `magnetic' fields, and Polyakov loops. A major application of our formalism is the calculation of the finite temperature Coleman-Weinberg potential in effective theories, necessary for the study of phase transitions. A novel feature of this work is the systematic calculation of the dependence of Polyakov loops on the thermal factors of Heat-Kernel coefficients and the Coleman-Weinberg potential. We study the effect of Polyakov loop factors on phase transitions and comment on future directions in applications of the results derived in this work.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.stat-mechhep-exhep-phNPB(2025)·22 citations
23. 23*

    Dark Universe inspired by the Kaluza-Klein gravity and impact on Primordial Gravitational Waves

    Kimet Jusufi🇲🇰 · Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano🇪🇸 · Ahmad Sheykhi🇮🇷 · Daris Samart🇹🇭

    We explore the potential implications of Kaluza-Klein (KK) gravity in unifying the dark sector of the Universe. Through dimensional reduction in KK gravity, the 5D spacetime framework can be reformulated in terms of a 4D spacetime metric, along with additional scalar and vector fields. From the 4D perspective, this suggests the existence of a tower of particle states, including KK gravitons with spin-0 and spin-1 states, in addition to the massless spin-2 gravitons of general relativity (GR). The key idea in the present paper is the analogy with superconductivity theory. By assuming a minimal coupling between an additional complex scalar field and the gauge field, a "mass" term emerges for the spin-1 gravitons. This, in turn, leads to long-range gravitational effects that could modify Newton's law of gravity through Yukawa-type corrections. Assuming an environment-dependent mass for the spin-1 graviton, near the galactic center the repulsive force from this spin-1 graviton is suppressed by an additional attractive component from Newton's constant corrections, resulting in a Newtonian-like, attraction-dominated effect. In the galaxy's outer regions, the repulsive force fades due to its short range, making dark matter appear only as an effective outcome of the dominant attractive corrections. This approach also explains dark matter's emergence as an apparent effects on cosmological scales while our model is equivalent to the scalar-vector-tensor gravity theory. Finally, we examine the impact of dark matter on the primordial gravitational wave (PGW) spectrum and show that it is sensitive to dark matter effects, providing an opportunity to test this theory through future GW observatories.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thJHEAp(2025)·10 citations
24. 24*

    Bootstrapping the Chiral-Gravitational Anomaly

    Zi-Yu Dong🇪🇸 · Teng Ma🇨🇳 · Alex Pomarol🇪🇸 · Francesco Sciotti🇪🇸

    We analyze causality and unitarity constraints in graviton scattering amplitudes, aiming to establish new bounds on theories with $U(1)$-gravitational anomalies, such as axion models or strongly-coupled gauge theories. For this purpose, we show the necessity of coupling these theories to gravity. We obtain a universal scale ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{caus}}$ at which states with $J\ge 4$ must appear in the theory. We show that this scale can lie below the quantum gravity scale. For axion models, we get ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{caus}}\sim \sqrt{M_P{f}_a}$ where $f_a$ is the axion decay constant. In strongly-coupled gauge theories in the large-$N_c$ limit, the presence of glueballs allows to evade these bounds, provided the number of fermions $N_F\ll N_c$ and the 'tHooft coupling is not large. Nevertheless, for models that have a holographic 5D dual (large 'tHooft coupling), ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{caus}}$ emerges as a new cutoff scale, unless certain conditions on the parameters of the 5D models are satisfied.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·22 citations
25. 25*

    Origin of cosmological neutrino mass bounds: background $\text{versus}$ perturbations

    Toni Bertólez-Martínez🇪🇸 · Ivan Esteban🇪🇸 · Rasmi Hajjar🇪🇸 · Olga Mena🇪🇸 · Jordi Salvado🇪🇸

    The cosmological upper bound on the total neutrino mass is the dominant limit on this fundamental parameter. Recent observations-soon to be improved-have strongly tightened it, approaching the lower limit set by oscillation data. Understanding its physical origin, robustness, and model-independence becomes pressing. Here, we explicitly separate for the first time the two distinct cosmological neutrino-mass effects: the impact on background evolution, related to the energy in neutrino masses; and the "kinematic" impact on perturbations, related to neutrino free-streaming. We scrutinize how they affect CMB anisotropies, introducing two effective masses enclosing $\text{background}$ ($\sum m_{\nu }^{Backg.}$) and $\text{perturbations}$ ($\sum m_{\nu }^{Pert.}$) effects. We analyze CMB data, finding that the neutrino-mass bound is mostly a background measurement, i.e., how the neutrino energy density evolves with time. The bound on the "kinematic" variable $\sum m_{\nu }^{Pert.}$ is largely relaxed, $\sum m_{\nu }^{Pert.}<0.8\mathrm{eV}$. This work thus adds clarity to the physical origin of the cosmological neutrino-mass bound, which is mostly a measurement of the neutrino equation of state, providing also hints to evade such a bound.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·28 citations
26. 26*

    De Sitter space constraints on brane tensions and couplings

    Saquib Hassan🇬🇧 · Georges Obied🇬🇧 · John March-Russell🇬🇧

    We argue for the existence of bounds on the tensions of $p$-branes in de Sitter space in terms of the Hubble rate and the strength of a class of Chern-Simons-like couplings. The world-volume couplings involve Abelian 1-form gauge fields in the bulk and possibly field strengths intrinsic to the brane. In many cases these couplings are the D-brane Chern-Simons terms present in string theory, while in other cases they are the interactions of axion domain walls with $U(1)$ fields. Our arguments use the same logic and assumptions as the recent Festina Lente proposal (thus utilizing the properties of Nariai de Sitter black holes) and generalize it to extended objects, thereby providing a bottom-up set of constraints independent of any particular UV completion. We compare these bounds to the properties of (wrapped) D-branes in Type II string theory in the weak coupling limit, under the assumption that these properties are not modified significantly in de Sitter constructions. We find that all constraints are satisfied by D-branes, providing further evidence for the Festina Lente conjecture. For the particular case of 2-branes with Chern-Simons interactions we obtain a bound, which however can be evaded if the theory contains a light axion. Similarly, we find the bounds do not apply to axion domain walls due to the presence of the axion.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2025)·3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.