HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Tue·Nov 19, 2024Tuesday·November 19, 2024

59 papers—38 primary·21 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
Searching for GeV Gamma-Ray Polarization and Axion-Like Particles with AMS-02
Xiuyuan Zhang🇺🇸 · Yi Jia🇺🇸 · Tracy R. Slatyer🇺🇸
We study the detectability of GeV-band gamma-ray polarization with the AMS-02 experiment and its proposed successor AMS-100, from Galactic and extragalactic sources. Characterizing gamma-ray polarization in this energy range could shed light on gamma-ray emission mechanisms in the sources; physics beyond the Standard Model, such as the presence of axion-like particles (ALPs), could also induce a distinctive energy-dependent polarization signal due to propagation effects in magnetic fields. We present estimates for the minimum detectable polarization from bright sources and the forecast reach for axion-like particles (ALPs). We show that AMS-02 will have sensitivity to gamma-ray polarization only for the brightest steady-state Galactic sources, such as the Vela and Geminga pulsars; it is not expected to be capable of detecting polarization in Galactic or extragalactic sources that have been previously proposed as good targets for ALP searches with gamma-ray intensity measurements. However, AMS-100 observing the extragalactic source NGC1275 would be expected to probe new parameter space even for unfavorable B-field models, with prospects to measure the energy-dependence of such a signal. For Galactic sources, polarization measurements could provide a unique test of scenarios where ALPs induce energy-dependent features in the photon intensity. However, in the absence of a bright transient source (such as a Galactic supernova), the parameter space that would be probed by this approach with ten years of AMS-100 data is already nominally excluded by other experiments, although this conflict may be avoided in specific ALP models.
hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEPRD(2026)·1 citation
02*
Systematically Constructing the Likelihood for Boosted $H \to g g$ Decays
Andrew J. Larkoski🇺🇸
We study the binary discrimination problem of identification of boosted $H \to g g$ decays from massive QCD jets in a systematic expansion in the strong coupling. Though this decay mode of the Higgs is unlikely to be discovered at the LHC, we analytically demonstrate several features of the likelihood ratio for this problem through explicit analysis of signal and background matrix elements. Through leading-order, we prove that by imposing a constraint on the jet mass and measuring the energy fraction of the softer subjet an improvement of signal to background ratio that is independent of the kinematics of the jets at high boosts can be obtained, and is approximately equal to the inverse of the strong coupling evaluated at the Higgs mass. At next-to-leading order, we construct a powerful discrimination observable through a sort of anomaly detection approach by simply inverting the next-to-leading order $H \to g g$ matrix element with soft gluon emission, which is naturally infrared and collinear safe. Our analytic conclusions are validated in simulated data from all-purpose event generators and subsequent parton showering and demonstrate that the signal-to-background ratio can be improved by a factor of several hundred at high, but accessible, jet energies at the LHC.
hep-phhep-exSciPost Phys.(2025)·1 citation
03*
Broadband phonon production from axion absorption
Itay M. Bloch🇺🇸 · Simon Knapen🇺🇸 · Amalia Madden🇺🇸 · Giacomo Marocco🇺🇸
We show that axion dark matter in the range meV $≲ m_{a} ≲$ 100 meV can incoherently excite phonons in crystal targets with unpolarised nuclear spins. This can occur through its coupling to nuclear spins and/or through its induced time-dependent electric dipole moment in nuclei. Due to the random orientation of the nuclear spins, translation symmetry is broken in the phonon effective theory, allowing axion absorption to create phonons with unrestricted momentum. The absorption rate is therefore proportional to the phonon density of states, which generically has support across a wide range of energies, allowing for a broadband detection scheme. We calculate the absorption rate for solid $H_{2}$ , $D_{2}$ , $Al_{2} O_{3}$ , $GaAs$ , $H_{2} O$ , $D_{2} O$ , $Be$ and $Li_{2} O$ , and find that materials containing light, non-zero spin nuclei are the most promising. The predicted rates for the QCD axion are of the order of a few events / 10 kg-year exposure, setting an ambitious target for the required exposure and background suppression.
hep-phJHEP(2025)·7 citations
04*
Influence of center vortex interactions on the static potentials
Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Nejad🇮🇷
We analyze the static potentials induced by vacuum domains for various representations in SU( $4$ ) Yang-Mills theory within the framework of the domain structure model. By studying the interactions within the vacuum domains, we can uncover fundamental properties of the static potentials. It appears that attractions within the vacuum domains strongly adhere to Casimir scaling at intermediate distances. Conversely, the repulsions within the vacuum domains may decompose them into center vortices with the lowest magnitude of center vortex fluxes, thereby exhibiting $N$ -ality at asymptotic distances.
hep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·1 citation
05*
Prospective analysis of CKM element $∣ V_{c d} ∣$ and $D^{+}$ -meson decay constant from leptonic decays $D^{+} \to ℓ^{+} ν$
Ya-Xiong Wang🇨🇳 · Hai-Jiang Tian🇨🇳 · Yin-Long Yang🇨🇳 · Tao Zhong🇨🇳 · Hai-Bing Fu🇨🇳
The leptonic decay of $D^{+}$ -meson has attracted significant interest due to its unique characteristics. In this paper, we carry out an investigation into the $D^{+}$ -meson leptonic decays $D^{+} \to ℓ^{+} ν_{ℓ}$ with $ℓ = (e, μ, τ)$ by employing the QCD sum rules approach. In which the $D^{+}$ -meson decay constant $f_{D^{+}}$ is an important input parameter in the process. To enhance the accuracy of our calculations for $f_{D^{+}}$ , we consider the quark propagator and vertex up to dimension-six within the framework of background field theory. Consequently, we obtain the QCD sum rule expression for $f_{D^{+}}$ up to dimension-six condensates, yielding $f_{D^{+}} = 203.0 \pm 1.5 MeV$ . Our results are in good agreement with BESIII measurements and theoretical predictions. We also present the integrated decay widths for the $D^{+}$ -meson in three channels $Γ (D^{+} \to e^{+} ν_{e}) = (5.26 3_{- 0.075}^{+ 0.076}) \times 1 0^{- 21} GeV$ , $Γ (D^{+} \to μ^{+} ν_{μ}) = (2.23 6_{- 0.032}^{+ 0.032}) \times 1 0^{- 16} GeV$ and $Γ (D^{+} \to τ^{+} ν_{τ}) = (5.95 8_{- 0.085}^{+ 0.086}) \times 1 0^{- 16} GeV$ . Accordingly, we compute the branching fraction $B (D^{+} \to ℓ^{+} ν_{ℓ})$ with the electron, muon and tau channels, which are $B (D^{+} \to e^{+} ν_{e}) = (8.26 0_{- 0.118}^{+ 0.119}) \times 1 0^{- 9}$ , $B (D^{+} \to μ^{+} ν_{μ}) = (3.50 8_{- 0.050}^{+ 0.051}) \times 1 0^{- 4}$ and $B (D^{+} \to τ^{+} ν_{τ}) = (0.93 5_{- 0.013}^{+ 0.013}) \times 1 0^{- 3}$ . Furthermore, we present our prediction for the CKM matrix element $∣ V_{c d} ∣$ using the branching fraction $B (D^{+} \to μ^{+} ν_{μ})$ obtained from BESIII Collaboration, yielding $∣ V_{c d} ∣ = 0.22 7_{- 0.001}^{+ 0.002}$ .
hep-phPLB(2025)·2 citations
06*
Neutrino oscillation in the presence of background classical sources
Susobhan Mandal🇮🇳
The presence of background classical sources affects a quantum field theory significantly in different ways. Neutrino oscillation is a phenomenon that confirms that neutrinos are massive fermions in nature, a celebrated result in modern physics. Neutrino oscillation plays an important role in many astrophysical observations. However, the interactions between the background classical sources with neutrinos are not often considered. In the present article, we show the effect of some classical sources, namely matter currents, electromagnetic waves, torsion, and gravitational waves on neutrino oscillation. It is shown explicitly that the above sources can change the helicity state of neutrinos during neutrino oscillation.
hep-phgr-qchep-thCommun.Theor.Phys.(2025)·1 citation
07*
Self-consistent thermodynamical treatment for quark matter in quasi-particle model at finite temperature
Suman Pal🇮🇳 · Gargi Chaudhuri🇮🇳
In this work, we have studied the medium effects in strange quark matter in the framework of a grand-canonical ensemble using the phenomenological quasi-particle model. This model is studied with proper self-consistent thermodynamical treatment by incorporating chemical potential-dependent quark mass. We have also included the vector interaction in a self-consistent way. The main aim of this work is to explore the proper thermodynamic treatment in addressing the medium effects at both zero and finite temperatures. In the case of the finite temperature, we explore the study of self-consistent thermodynamics in the isothermal as well as the isentropic processes. The effect of finite temperature and lepton fraction have been studied on the equation of state, speed of sound, and particle fraction. The $M - R$ and $M - Λ$ diagrams are found to be consistent with the observational constraints.
hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thPRD(2024)·7 citations
08*
Black Holes and Baryon Number Violation: Unveiling the Origins of Early Galaxies and the Low-Mass Gap
Merab Gogberashvili🇬🇪 · Alexander S. Sakharov🇺🇸
We propose that modifications to the Higgs potential within a narrow atmospheric layer near the event horizon of an astrophysical black hole could significantly enhance the rate of sphaleron transitions, as well as transform the Chern-Simons number into a dynamic variable. As a result, sphaleron transitions in this region occur without suppression, in contrast to low-temperature conditions, and each transition may generate a substantially greater baryon number than would be produced by winding around the Higgs potential in Minkowski spacetime. This effect amplifies baryon number violation near the black hole horizon, potentially leading to a considerable generation of matter. Given the possibility of a departure from equilibrium during the absorption of matter and the formation of relativistic jets in supermassive black holes, we conjecture that this process could contribute to the creation of a significant amount of matter around such black holes. This phenomenon may offer an alternative explanation for the rapid growth of supermassive black holes and their surrounding galaxies in the early Universe, as suggested by recent observations from the JWST. Furthermore, this mechanism may provide insights into the low-mass gap puzzle, addressing the observed scarcity of black holes with masses near the Oppenheimer-Volkoff limit.
hep-phastro-ph.GAgr-qchep-thGalaxies(2025)·2 citations
09*
Towards two-loop QCD corrections to $pp \to t t ˉ j$
Colomba Brancaccio🇮🇹
I discuss the status of the computation of the two-loop QCD corrections to top-quark pair production associated with a jet at hadron colliders. This amplitude is a missing ingredient for next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD predictions. I briefly present computational techniques to tackle the algebraic and analytic complexities of two-loop multi-scale amplitudes, in particular where massive propagators give rise to elliptic Feynman integrals. I then describe how a special function basis for the helicity amplitudes is obtained and present first numerical evaluations for the finite remainders of the $g g \to t t ˉ g$ channel, after the infrared and ultraviolet poles have been identified analytically.
hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2026)·4 citations
10*
Bounds on Lorentz and CPT violation from the $1 S$ - $2 P$ transition in antihydrogen
Arnaldo J. Vargas🇺🇸
A model for the Lorentz- and CPT-violating frequency shift for the antihydrogen $1 S$ - $2 P$ transition in the presence of an external magnetic field is derived. Using the recent measurement of the $1 S$ - $2 P$ transition frequency in antihydrogen by the ALPHA collaboration, which they demonstrated agrees with predictions from the Standard Model of particle physics, we establish the first constraints on 26 effective coefficients for Lorentz and CPT violation. Also, this work uses these results to underscore the value of measuring multiple transition frequencies to test CPT symmetry through antihydrogen spectroscopy, emphasizing the advantages of transitions involving states with higher angular momentum.
hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
11*
Simultaneous Estimation of Elliptic Flow Coefficient and Impact Parameter in Heavy-Ion Collisions using CNN
Praveen Murali🇮🇳 · Sadhana Dash🇮🇳 · Basanta Kumar Nandi🇮🇳
A deep learning based method with Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm is developed for simultaneous determination of the Elliptic Flow coefficient ( $v_{2}$ ) and the Impact Parameter in Heavy-Ion Collisions at relativistic energies. The proposed CNN is trained on Pb $-$ Pb collisions at $s_{N N}$ = 5.02 TeV with minimum biased events simulated with the AMPT event generator. A total of twelve models were built on different input and output combinations and their performances were evaluated. The predictions of the CNN models were compared to the estimations of the simulated and experimental data. The deep learning model seems to preserve the centrality and $p_{T}$ dependence of $v_{2}$ at the LHC energy together with predicting successfully the impact parameter with low margins of error. This is the first time a CNN is built to predict both $v_{2}$ and the impact parameter simultaneously in heavy-ion system.
hep-phnucl-exnucl-th1 citation
12*
Vortex information in multiphoton scalar pair production
Hong-Hao Fan🇨🇳 · Cui-Wen Zhang🇨🇳 · Suo Tang🇨🇳 · Bai-Song Xie🇨🇳
Vortex information of scalar pair production in circularly polarized field is investigated in the multiphoton regime. We find that vortex orientation is related to the intrinsic orbital angular momentum of created particles associating with the helicity of absorbed photons, while the magnitude of the orbital angular momentum, i.e., the topology charge is determined by the number of absorbed photons. Moreover, the properties of particle creation and vortices formation can be understood by analyzing the pair production process in quasiparticle representation. This study provides new insights into the angular momentum transfer from field to particle in the scalar pair production process. It is expected that there are similar findings about vortex features for different spin alignment in electron-positron pair production in strong fields via the topology charge as a new freedom.
hep-phquant-phPRD(2025)·10 citations
13*
Correlators of heavy-light quark currents in HQET: Perturbative contribution up to 4 loops and beyond
Andrey G. Grozin🇷🇺
The perturbative contribution to the correlator of two HQET heavy-light currents expanded in light-quark masses up to quadratic terms is calculated up to 4 loops. The leading large- $β_{0}$ limit is also considered, so that terms with the highest degrees of $n_{f}$ are calculated to all orders in $α_{s}$ . Borel images of coefficient functions in this limit contain renormalon poles. Naive nonabelianization works surprisingly poorly for the coefficient functions considered here.
hep-ph1 citation
14*
Polarized charged-current Drell-Yan process in ReneSANCe generator
S. Bondarenko (1)🇷🇺 · Ya. Dydyshka (1,3,4)🇷🇺 · L. Kalinovskaya (1,2)🇷🇺 · A. Kampf (1,2)🇷🇺 · R. Sadykov (1)🇷🇺 · V. Yermolchyk (1,3,4) ((1) Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia, (2) Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, (3) INP, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus, (4) Dubna State University, Dubna, Russia)🇷🇺
This work is devoted to validating the results obtained using the Monte Carlo generator ReneSANCe. A comparison of differential cross sections, as well as single- and double-spin asymmetries, taking into account the polarization of initial states is presented.
hep-phPhys.Part.Nucl.(2025)·0 citations
15*
Implication of preheating on gravity assisted baryogenesis in $R^{2}$ -Higgs inflation
Yann Cado🇫🇷 · Christoph Englert🇬🇧 · Tanmoy Modak🇮🇳 · Mariano Quirós🇪🇸
We investigate the impact of preheating on baryogenesis in $R^{2}$ -Higgs inflation. In this scenario, the inclusion of a dimension-six operator $(R / Λ^{2}) B_{μν} B^{μν}$ abundantly generates helical hypermagnetic fields during inflation, leading to a baryon asymmetric Universe at the electroweak crossover. Focusing on the $R^{2}$ -like regime, we first derive the relevant dynamics of preheating using a doubly-covariant formalism. We find that preheating can happen for the Higgs, transverse gauge and Goldstone bosons, however, it is dependent on the value of the non-minimal coupling $ξ_{H}$ between the Standard Model Higgs field and the Ricci scalar. We identify the preheating temperature to determine the appropriate scale $Λ$ for driving baryogenesis, which is around $Λ \sim 2.2 (2.6) \times 1 0^{- 5} M_{P}$ for $ξ_{H} \sim 1 (10)$ . Our results represent the most accurate estimation of the scale of gravity induced baryogenesis in $R^{2}$ -Higgs inflation to date. Areas for further improvement are identified.
hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcPRD(2025)·4 citations
16*
Investigating late-stage particle production in pp collisions with Balance Functions
Alexandru Manea (1 and 2)🇷🇴 · Claude Pruneau (3)🇺🇸 · Diana Catalina Brandibur (1 and 2)🇷🇴 · Andrea Danu (1)🇷🇴 · Alexandru F. Dobrin (1)🇷🇴 · Victor Gonzalez (3)🇺🇸 · Sumit Basu (4 and 5) ((1) University of Bucharest, (2) Institute of Space Science - INFLPR subsidiary, (3) Departament of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, (4) Division of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Departament of Physics, Lund University, (5) International Center for High Energy Physics, Lovely Professional Institute)🇸🇪
Balance functions have been regarded in the past as a method of investigating the late-stage hadronization found in the presence of a strongly-coupled medium. They are also used to constrain mechanisms of particle production in large and small collision systems. Measurements of charge balance functions for inclusive and identified particle pairs are reported as a function of charged particle multiplicity in proton--proton collisions simulated with the PYTHIA8 and the EPOS4 models. The charge balance functions of inclusive, pion, kaon, and proton pairs exhibit amplitudes and shapes that depend on particle species and differ significantly in the two models due to the different particle production mechanisms implemented in PYTHIA and EPOS. The shapes and amplitudes also evolve with multiplicity in both models. In addition, the evolution of the longitudinal rms width and that of balance functions integrals with multiplicity (and average transverse momentum) feature significant differences in the two models.
hep-phEPJC(2025)·3 citations
17*
Copositive criteria for a two-component dark matter model
Xin-Xin Qi🇨🇳 · Hao Sun🇨🇳
We consider a two-component scalar dark matter model in this work, where the scalars are stabilized by extra $Z_{2} \times Z_{2}^{'}$ symmetry. To guarantee the stability of the vacuum, we consider the copositive criteria and different choices of the signs of the couplings will contribute to different viable parameter spaces. Based on the copositive criteria, we systematically analyze the possible conditions and pick up 17 different cases with fixing some parameters to be negative. We randomly scan the parameter space under dark matter relic density constraint and direct detection constraint and focus on the quartic couplings with $λ_{13}$ , $λ_{23}$ , $λ_{14}$ and $λ_{24}$ . The shapes of the viable parameter space for $∣ λ_{14} ∣ - ∣ λ_{24} ∣$ are almost similar among these cases, while for $∣ λ_{13} ∣$ and $∣ λ_{23} ∣$ , the larger value are excluded as long as $λ_{13} ⩽ 0$ and $λ_{23} ⩽ 0$ due to the large interference effect of the $2 \to 2$ processes.
hep-phCPC(2025)·4 citations
18*
Quantum Frontiers in High Energy Physics
Yaquan Fang🇨🇳 · Christina Gao🇨🇳 · Ying-Ying Li🇨🇳 · Jing Shu🇨🇳 · Yusheng Wu🇨🇳 · Hongxi Xing🇨🇳 · Bin Xu🇨🇳 · Lailin Xu🇨🇳 · Chen Zhou🇨🇳
Numerous challenges persist in High Energy Physics (HEP), the addressing of which requires advancements in detection technology, computational methods, data analysis frameworks, and phenomenological designs. We provide a concise yet comprehensive overview of recent progress across these areas, in line with advances in quantum technology. We will discuss the potential of quantum devices in detecting subtle effects indicative of new physics beyond the Standard Model, the transformative role of quantum algorithms and large-scale quantum computers in studying real-time non-perturbative dynamics in the early universe and at colliders, as well as in analyzing complex HEP data. Additionally, we emphasize the importance of integrating quantum properties into HEP experiments to test quantum mechanics at unprecedented high-energy scales and search for hints of new physics. Looking ahead, the continued integration of resources to fully harness these evolving technologies will enhance our efforts to deepen our understanding of the fundamental laws of nature.
hep-phhep-exhep-latquant-phSCPMA(2025)·27 citations
19*
Neutrino masses, anomalous magnetic moments and dark matter with vector-like fermions and an inert scalar doublet
Vandana Sahdev🇮🇳
The beyond-the-standard-model scenario in this work is motivated from the observations of neutrino masses, anomalous magnetic moments of electron and muon, and dark matter in the Universe. We explain these observations by extending the standard model with two generations of vector-like fermions and an inert scalar doublet, all odd under a $Z_{2}$ symmetry. The light neutrino masses and mixings are generated radiatively while maintaining consistency with bounds on lepton flavor violation. Loop diagrams with the very same fields also serve to explain the anomalous magnetic moments. Similarly, the correct dark matter relic abundance is reproduced without coming into conflict with direct detection constraints, or those from big bang nucleosynthesis or the cosmic microwave observations. Finally, prospective signatures at the LHC are discussed.
hep-ph1 citation
20*
Unravelling theoretical challenges in understanding $B_{c}$ meson decay
Sonali Patnaik🇮🇳
The $B_{c}$ meson, a unique bound state comprising of two open heavy flavors, charm and bottom, offers a rich avenue for probing the predictions of the Next Decade - Standard Model (ND-SM) physics properties due to its heavy mass. With recent observations of its excited states, interest in understanding $B_{c}$ production mechanisms and decay modes has surged. This article presents the current state of art on $B_{c}$ mesons, encompassing production mechanisms, properties of different decay modes, and theoretical modeling. We present novel findings on the newly constructed ratios $(R_{η_{c} / J / ψ}$ , $R_{D / D^{*}})$ in semileptonic and ( $R_{μ}^{τ})^{B_{c}}$ , ( $R_{μ}^{τ})^{B_{c}^{*}}$ in leptonic decays, respectively. These results emphasize the importance of $B_{c}$ studies in the future collider experiments. The article further explores CP effects in $B_{c}$ meson decays refining our understanding of heavy flavor properties. Finally, potential avenues for future research, and leveraging upcoming collider experiments are outlined.
hep-ph3 citations
21*
A novel configuration of gluonic tetraquark state
Chun-Meng Tang🇨🇳 · Chun-Gui Duan🇨🇳 · Liang Tang · Cong-Feng Qiao🇨🇳
Inspired by the experimental measurement of the charmed hadronic state X(6900), we calculate the mass spectra of tetraquark hybrid states with configuration of $[8_{c}]_{Q\bar{Q}} \otimes [8_{c}]_{G} \otimes [8_{c}]_{Q\bar{Q}}$ in color, by virtue of QCD sum rules. The two feasible types of currents with quantum numbers $J^{P C} = 0^{++}$ and $0^{-+}$ are investigated, in which the contributions from operators up to dimension six are taken into account in operator product expansion (OPE). In the end, we find that, in charm sector, the tetracharm hybrid states with quantum number $0^{++}$ has a mass of about $6.98^{+0.16}_{-0.14} \, \text{GeV}$, while $0^{-+}$ state mass is about $7.26^{+0.16}_{-0.15} \, \text{GeV}$. The results overlap with the experimental observations, suggesting potential tetracharm hybrid interpretations. In bottom sector, calculation shows that the masses of tetrabottom hybrid states with quantum numbers $0^{++}$ and $0^{-+}$ are $19.30^{+0.16}_{-0.17} \, \text{GeV}$ and $19.50^{+0.17}_{-0.17} \, \text{GeV}$, respectively, which are left for future experimental confirmation.
hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·18 citations
22*
Shedding light on the nature of the $P_{cs} (4459)$ pentaquark state
U. Özdem🇹🇷
To shed light on the properties of states whose nature, internal structure, and spin-parity quantum numbers are not fully elucidated, we systematically study their electromagnetic properties. In light of this concept, we present a comprehensive analysis of the magnetic dipole moment of the $P_{cs} (4459)$ pentaquark within the context of QCD light-cone sum rules, utilizing three distinct interpolating currents in the form of diquark-diquark-antiquark configurations that are likely to couple this pentaquark with $J^{P} = \frac{3}{2}^{-}$ quantum numbers. The numerical analysis yielded the following results: $μ_{J_{μ}^{1}} = - 0.60 \pm 0.15 μ_{N}$ , $μ_{J_{μ}^{2}} = 1.60 \pm 0.30 μ_{N}$ , and $μ_{J_{μ}^{3}} = 0.99 \pm 0.20 μ_{N}$ . The numerical results obtained have led to the conclusion that the magnetic dipole moments of the $P_{cs} (4459)$ state are capable of projecting its inner structure. As is seen, the different diquark-diquark-antiquark configurations of the $P_{cs} (4459)$ pentaquark state contain important information about its internal structure. Thus, this study will provide prominent data to investigate the inner structure of the $P_{cs} (4459)$ pentaquark state. We compared our results with other theoretical predictions that could be a useful complementary tool for interpreting the nature of the $P_{cs} (4459)$ state. A thorough examination reveals that the results obtained by employing disparate theoretical approaches and different internal structure models are not consistent with each other. It is recommended that further studies be conducted using alternative non-perturbative techniques to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the observed results.
hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2025)·16 citations
23*
Transformer networks for Heavy flavor jet tagging
A. Hammad🇯🇵 · Mihoko M Nojiri🇯🇵
In this article, we review recent machine learning methods used in challenging particle identification of heavy-boosted particles at high-energy colliders. Our primary focus is on attention-based Transformer networks. We report the performance of state-of-the-art deep learning networks and further improvement coming from the modification of networks based on physics insights. Additionally, we discuss interpretable methods to understand network decision-making, which are crucial when employing highly complex and deep networks.
hep-phJ.Phys.Soc.Jap.(2025)·3 citations
24*
New multinucleon knockout model in NuWro Monte Carlo generator
Hemant Prasad🇵🇱 · Jan T. Sobczyk🇵🇱 · Artur M. Ankowski🇵🇱 · J. Luis Bonilla🇵🇱 · Rwik Dharmapal Banerjee🇵🇱 · Krzysztof M. Graczyk🇵🇱 · Beata E. Kowal🇵🇱
We present the implementation and results of a new model for the n-particle n-hole ( $np - nh$ ) contribution in the NuWro event generator, grounded in the theoretical framework established by the Valencia group in 2020. For the $2p2h$ component, we introduce a novel nucleon sampling function with tunable parameters to approximate correlations in the momenta of outgoing nucleons. These parameters are calibrated by comparing our results to those of the Valencia model across a range of incoming neutrino energies. In addition, our model incorporates a distinct contribution from the $3p3h$ mechanism. We discuss the differences between the new NuWro implementation, the original Valencia model, and the previous NuWro version, focusing on the distribution of outgoing nucleon momenta. Finally, we assess the impact of the hadronic model on experimental analyses involving hadronic observables.
hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2025)·16 citations
25*
Vacuum pair production in zeptosecond pulses: Peculiar momentum spectra and striking particle acceleration by bipolar pulses
I. A. Aleksandrov🇷🇺 · N. N. Rosanov🇷🇺
We examine the phenomenon of electron-positron pair production from vacuum in a combination of two counterpropagating electromagnetic pulses having a duration of the order of the Compton time. We show that in this extreme short-time domain, the momentum distributions of the particles produced possess a peculiar structure which strongly depends on whether the electromagnetic pulses have a unipolar or bipolar profile. It is shown that bipolar pulses can predominantly generate particles with ultrarelativistic velocities along the propagation direction of the pulses, while unipolar ones are generally more favorable in terms of the total particle yield in the same regime. The highly nontrivial properties of the $e^{+} e^{-}$ spectra revealed in our study provide strong experimental signatures paving the way to probe a complex vacuum response within the short-time domain of quantum electrodynamics.
hep-phPRD(2024)·4 citations
26*
Threshold Resummation for Semi-Inclusive Single-Hadron Production with Effective Field Theory
Zhen Xu🇨🇳 · Hua Xing Zhu🇨🇳
Large double-logarithmic corrections are induced by soft gluon emissions near threshold in the semi-inclusive $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation (SIA) distributions, and must be resummed to all-orders in perturbation theory for reliable theoretical predictions. Building on strategy developed for threshold resummation for DIS structure function in momentum space using soft-collinear effective theory (SCET), we present the explicit formalism for SIA cross section. We then perform the resummation directly in momentum space for $γ^{*} \to q q ˉ$ , $H \to g g$ and $H \to b b ˉ$ to N $^{4}$ LL accuracy and demonstrate good convergence. We anticipate that these results will benefit the extraction of the light-quark, the heavy-quark as well as the gluon fragmentation functions.
hep-phJHEP(2025)·9 citations
27*
Improved Hessian Method in Global Analysis of Parton Distribution Functions
Wenxiao Zhan🇨🇳 · Siqi Yang🇨🇳 · Minghui Liu🇨🇳 · Liang Han🇨🇳 · Daniel Stump🇺🇸 · C.-P. Yuan🇺🇸
The Hessian method is widely applied in the global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs), which uses a set of orthogonal eigenvectors to give predictions of a physical observable. Its uncertainty is estimated based on the assumption that all physical observables can be approximately expressed as linear functions of the non-perturbative parameters in PDF. In this article, we report an improved Hessian method which takes the non-linear effects into account in the uncertainty estimation. A pseudo global analysis is designed to numerically test the new method. The non-linear uncertainties can significantly enlarge the original linear ones. Such uncertainties can be reduced with high precision data introduced into the global analysis. However, the non-linear effect could still be sizable corresponding to the current precision of the experimental measurements.
hep-phPRD(2025)·3 citations
28*
A Cell Resampler study of Negative Weights in Multi-jet Merged Samples
Jeppe R. Andersen🇬🇧 · Ana Cueto🇪🇸 · Stephen P. Jones🇬🇧 · Andreas Maier🇪🇸
We study the use of cell resampling to reduce the fraction of negatively weighted Monte Carlo events in a generated sample typical of that used in experimental analyses. To this end, we apply the Cell Resampler to a set of $pp \to γ γ + jets$ shower-merged NLO matched events, describing the diphoton background to Higgs boson production, generated using the FxFx and MEPS@NLO merging procedures and showered using the Pythia and Sherpa parton shower algorithms. We discuss the impact on various kinematic distributions.
hep-phhep-ex9 citations
29*
Prospective report of the French QCD community to the ESPPU 2025 with respect to the program of the LHC Run 5 and beyond and future colliders at CERN
Carolina Arata🇫🇷 · François Arleo🇫🇷 · Benjamin Audurier🇫🇷 · Alberto Baldisseri🇫🇷 · Nicole Bastid🇫🇷 · Guillaume Batigne🇫🇷 · Iouri Belikov🇫🇷 · Marcus Bluhm🇫🇷 · Francesco Bossu🇫🇷 · Hervé Borel🇫🇷 · Renaud Boussarie🇫🇷 · Javier Castillo Castellanos🇫🇷 and 50 other authors
This document summarizes the prospective physics plans of the French QCD and Heavy-Ion community, including the experimental programs at the LHC Run 5 and beyond and future colliders at CERN, within the context of the French contribution to the update of the European Strategy in Particle Physics (ESPPU 2025), as discussed in the workshop on European Strategy for Particle Physics Update 2025 organised by the QCD GdR in Oct. 2024.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th0 citations
30*
Threshold resummation for double-deeply virtual Compton scattering
Jakob Schoenleber🇺🇸
The threshold region for double-deeply virtual Compton scattering (DDVCS) is discussed. I derive a resummation formula for the (partonic) threshold logarithms in the flavor non-singlet case. The resummations can be done by using (re)factorization theorems for the coefficient functions near the partonic thresholds. As a byproduct, we obtain the leading term in the threshold limit of the two-loop coefficient function in double-deeply-virtual Compton scattering, which agrees with the recent result from explicit calculation, providing a highly non-trivial cross-check.
hep-phJHEP(2025)·2 citations
31*
Glueball Axion-Like Particles
Pierluca Carenza🇸🇪 · Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪 · Zhi-Wei Wang🇨🇳
Dark Yang-Mills sectors that confine to form stable composite states, known as glueballs, have been traditionally proposed as a potential explanation for cosmological Dark Matter (DM). Earlier studies have established viability of the lightest scalar glueball as a possible DM candidate. In this work, we explore a whole class of effective composite sectors in the confined Yang-Mills regime featuring an additional pseudoscalar glueball state. We also investigate the role of effective interactions of the dark glueball sector with the visible sectors via higher-dimensional operators primarily focusing on dimension-8 couplings of glueballs to photons and gluons. We stress the remarkable similarities between the phenomenology of such glueball effective theories and Standard Model extensions featuring Axion-Like Particles (ALPs). Hence, one deals with a new class of composite Glueball ALPs (or GALPs) coupled to photons and/or nucleons in a wide mass range, from sub-eV to the Planck scale, yielding viable DM candidates that can be probed by astrophysical and cosmological observations.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-th9 citations
32*
Bounds on new neutrino interactions from the first CE $ν$ NS data at direct detection experiments
Valentina De Romeri🇪🇸 · Dimitrios K. Papoulias🇪🇸 · Christoph A. Ternes🇮🇹
Recently, two dark matter direct detection experiments have announced the first indications of nuclear recoils from solar $^{8}$ B neutrinos via coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CE $ν$ NS) with xenon nuclei. These results constitute a turning point, not only for dark matter searches that are now entering the \textit{neutrino fog}, but they also bring out new opportunities to exploit dark matter facilities as neutrino detectors. We investigate the implications of recent data from the PandaX-4T and XENONnT experiments on both Standard Model physics and new neutrino interactions. We first extract information on the weak mixing angle at low momentum transfer. Then, following a phenomenological approach, we consider Lorentz-invariant interactions (scalar, vector, axial-vector, and tensor) between neutrinos, quarks and charged leptons. Furthermore, we study the $U (1)_{B - L}$ scenario as a concrete example of a new anomaly-free vector interaction. We find that despite the low statistics of these first experimental results, the inferred bounds are in some cases already competitive. For the scope of this work we also compute new bounds on some of the interactions using CE $ν$ NS data from COHERENT and electron recoil data from XENONnT, LUX-ZEPLIN, PandaX-4T, and TEXONO. It seems clear that while direct detection experiments continue to take data, more precise measurements will be available, thus allowing to test new neutrino interactions at the same level or even improving over dedicated neutrino facilities.
hep-phhep-exJCAP(2025)·59 citations
33*
Exotic phases in finite-density $Z_{3}$ theories
Michael C. Ogilvie🇺🇸 · Moses A. Schindler🇺🇸 · Stella T. Schindler🇺🇸
Lattice $Z_{3}$ theories with complex actions share many key features with finite-density QCD including a sign problem and $C K$ symmetry. Complex $Z_{3}$ spin and gauge models exhibit a generalized Kramers-Wannier duality mapping them onto chiral $Z_{3}$ spin and gauge models, which are simulatable with standard lattice methods in large regions of parameter space. The Migdal-Kadanoff real-space renormalization group (RG) preserves this duality, and we use it to compute the approximate phase diagram of both spin and gauge $Z_{3}$ models in dimensions one through four. Chiral $Z_{3}$ spin models are known to exhibit a Devil's Flower phase structure, with inhomogeneous phases which can be thought of as $Z_{3}$ analogues of chiral spirals. Out of the large class of models we study, we find that only chiral spin models and their duals have a Devil's Flower structure with an infinite set of inhomogeneous phases, a result we attribute to Elitzur's theorem. We also find that different forms of the Migdal-Kadanoff RG produce different numbers of phases, a violation of the expectation for universal behavior from a real-space RG. We discuss extensions of our work to $Z_{N}$ models, SU( $N$ ) models and nonzero temperature.
hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thJHEP(2025)·4 citations
34*
Energy-Energy Correlator for jet production in $pp$ and $p A$ collisions
João Barata🇨🇭 · Zhong-Bo Kang🇺🇸 · Xoán Mayo López🇪🇸 · Jani Penttala🇺🇸
In this Letter, we study the collinear limit of the Energy-Energy Correlator (EEC) in single-inclusive jet production in proton-proton ( $pp$ ) and proton-nucleus ( $p A$ ) collisions. We introduce a non-perturbative model that allows us to describe the EEC in the entire angular region of the current experiments. Our results for $pp$ collisions show excellent agreement with CMS and ALICE data over a wide range of jet transverse momenta. For $p A$ collisions, we include modifications from the nuclear medium, and our predictions align well with the trends observed in recent ALICE measurements.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRL(2025)·43 citations
35*
Phenomenology of dark matter indirect detection
Jordan Koechler🇫🇷
In this thesis, we present a comprehensive and pedagogical overview of dark matter (DM). Chapter 1 discusses the main evidences for its existence, its properties, and potential candidates. We then explore major detection strategies, with Chapter 2 specifically dedicated to indirect detection. In the following chapters, we study the emission of secondary photons resulting from the interaction between DM products and the Galactic environment. Chapters 3 and 4 focus on DM as sub-GeV particles, analysing how the DM-produced electrons and positrons interact with ambient photons to generate X-rays through inverse Compton scattering. Comparing the predicted spectra with data from X-ray observatories yields strong constraints on sub-GeV DM. Chapter 5 extends these techniques to the case of primordial black hole (PBH) evaporation, imposing significant limits on PBHs as potential DM candidates.
hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HE0 citations
36*
Casimir effect in magnetic dual chiral density waves
Daisuke Fujii🇯🇵 · Katsumasa Nakayama🇯🇵 · Kei Suzuki🇯🇵
We theoretically investigate the Casimir effect originating from Dirac fields in finite-density matter under a magnetic field. In particular, we focus on quark fields in the magnetic dual chiral density wave (MDCDW) phase as a possible inhomogeneous ground state of interacting Dirac-fermion systems. In this system, the distance dependence of Casimir energy shows a complex oscillatory behavior by the interplay between the chemical potential, magnetic field, and inhomogeneous ground state. By decomposing the total Casimir energy into contributions of each Landau level, we elucidate what types of Casimir effects are realized from each Landau level: the lowest or some types of higher Landau levels lead to different behaviors of Casimir energies. Furthermore, we point out characteristic behaviors due to level splitting between different fermion flavors, i.e., up/down quarks. These findings provide new insights into Dirac-fermion (or quark) matter with a finite thickness.
hep-phcond-mat.mes-hallhep-thnucl-th+1PRD(2025)·7 citations
37*
Dark plasmas in the nonlinear regime: constraints from particle-in-cell simulations
William DeRocco🇺🇸 · Pierce Giffin🇺🇸
If the dark sector possesses long-range self-interactions, these interactions can source dramatic collective instabilities even in astrophysical settings where the collisional mean free path is long. Here, we focus on the specific case of dark matter halos composed of a dark $U (1)$ gauge sector undergoing a dissociative cluster merger. We study this by performing the first dedicated particle-in-cell plasma simulations of interacting dark matter streams, tracking the growth, formation, and saturation of instabilities through both the linear and nonlinear regimes. We find that these instabilities give rise to local (dark) electromagnetic inhomogeneities that serve as scattering sites, inducing an effective dynamic collisional cross-section. Mapping this effective cross-section onto existing results from large-scale simulations of the Bullet Cluster, we extend the limit on the dark charge-to-mass ratio by over ten orders of magnitude. Our results serve as a simple example of the rich phenomenology that may arise in a dark sector with long-range interactions and motivate future dedicated study of such ``dark plasmas.''
hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2025)·11 citations
38*
Hunting axion dark matter with anti-ferromagnets: a case study with nickel oxide
Pier Giuseppe Catinari🇮🇹 · Angelo Esposito🇮🇹 · Shashin Pavaskar🇺🇸
We show that nickel oxide, which is already a very promising target to look for sub-MeV dark matter scattering, can be employed to hunt axion dark matter, with masses in the meV range and couplings to electrons allowing them to potentially be QCD axions. We describe the interactions between axions and the collective excitations of nickel oxide in terms of a universal effective field theory, built solely out of symmetry arguments. The processes of conversion into one or two excitations provide, respectively, a narrowband and a broadband channel for the axion search, and the possibility of varying an external magnetic field up to a phase transition point allows to cover a large portion of a yet unexplored parameter space, reaching axion masses down to few fractions of an meV. Our results underline nickel oxide as an ideal candidate for a multi-purpose target for light dark matter searches.
hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2025)·12 citations
39*
Revisiting Scattering Enhancement from the Aharonov-Bohm Effect
T. Daniel Brennan🇺🇸 · Jaipratap Singh Grewal🇺🇸 · Eric Y. Yang🇺🇸
We revisit the problem of a charged particle scattering off of an Aharonov-Bohm cosmic string. A classic computation gave an infinite total scattering cross section, leading to a Callan-Rubakov-like enhancement which can have important implications on baryon number asymmetry in the early universe. However, unlike the Callan-Rubakov effect, the Aharonov-Bohm interaction is topological and thus it is surprising that it leads to such a dramatic dynamical effect for single particle scattering. We reexamine this old problem through the modern lens of generalized global symmetries by embedding Aharanov-Bohm strings in a discrete gauge theory. We show that the scattering cross section is suppressed by the core size and there is thus no Callan-Rubakov-like enhancement.
↳ hep-thhep-phPRL(2025)·5 citations
40*
The Effects of Dark Matter Annihilation and Dark Matter-Baryon Velocity Offsets at Cosmic Dawn
Liqiang Hou🇺🇸 · Katherine J. Mack🇨🇦
Dark matter annihilation has the potential to leave an imprint on the properties of the first luminous structures at Cosmic Dawn as well as the overall evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM). In this work, we employ a semi-analytic method to model dark matter annihilation during Cosmic Dawn (approximately redshift $z = 20$ to $40$ ), examining potential modifications to IGM evolution as well as gas collapse, cooling, and star formation in mini-halos. Our analysis takes into account the effects of dark matter-baryon velocity offsets, utilizing the public 21cmvFAST code, and producing predictions for the 21cm global signal. The results from our simplified model suggest that dark matter annihilation can suppress the gas fraction in small halos and alter the molecular cooling process, while the impact on star formation might be positive or negative depending on parameters of the dark matter model as well as the redshift and assumptions about velocity offsets. This underscores the need for more comprehensive simulations of the effects of exotic energy injection at Cosmic Dawn as observational probes are providing us new insights into the process of reionization and the formation of first stars and galaxies.
↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phJCAP(2025)·7 citations
41*
Shear transport in far-from-equilibrium isotropization of supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma
Shoucheng Wang🇨🇳 · Song He🇨🇳 · Li Li🇨🇳
We holographically study the far-from-equilibrium isotropization dynamics of the strongly coupled $N = 4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma. The dual gravitational background is driven to be out of equilibrium and anisotropic by a time-dependent change in boundary conditions. At late times, the system relaxes and asymptotically approaches a static configuration. The large initial energy densities accelerate the isotropization significantly compared to the initial geometry corresponding to the supersymmetric Yang-Mills vacuum. We analyze shear transport during isotropization by directly computing the time-dependent stress tensor, which is now a nonlinear function of the shear rate. The shear viscosity far from equilibrium displays much richer dynamics than its near-equilibrium counterpart. Moreover, we uncover that the equilibrium viscosity-to-entropy ratio at late times depends on the details of the quench function and the initial data, which could be due to a resummation of the hydrodynamic description. In particular, this ratio can be parametrically smaller than the Kovtun-Son-Starinets bound calculated from linear response theory.
↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2025)·2 citations
42*
Anisotropy in Pantheon+ supernovae
Animesh Sah · Mohamed Rameez🇮🇳 · Subir Sarkar🇬🇧 · Christos Tsagas
We employ Maximum Likelihood Estimators to examine the Pantheon+ catalogue of Type Ia supernovae for large scale anisotropies in the expansion rate of the Universe. The analyses are carried out in the heliocentric frame, the CMB frame, as well as the Local Group frame. In all frames, the Hubble expansion rate in the redshift range 0.023 < z < 0.15 is found to have a statistically significant dipolar variation exceeding 1.5 km/s/Mpc, i.e. bigger than the claimed 1% uncertainty in the SH0ES measurement of the Hubble parameter H_0. The deceleration parameter too has a redshift-dependent dipolar modulation at > 5 sigma significance, consistent with previous findings using the SDSSII/SNLS3 Joint Lightcurve Analysis catalogue. The inferred cosmic acceleration cannot therefore be due to a Cosmological Constant, but is likely a general relativistic effect due to the anomalous bulk flow in our local Universe.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phEPJC(2025)·51 citations
43*
Rational QCD loop amplitudes and quantum theories on twistor space
Lance J. Dixon🇺🇸 · Anthony Morales🇺🇸
We show how curing an anomaly of the twistor uplift of self-dual Yang-Mills theory implies linear relations among one-loop, $n$ -gluon, color-ordered subamplitudes in QCD, when all $n$ gluon helicities are positive, or when exactly one is negative. We compute the number of linearly independent subamplitudes as determined by these relations, in terms of unsigned Stirling numbers. Then we use a momentum-twistor parametrization to show that there are no further linear dependencies.
↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·14 citations
44*
Conformally invariant charge fluctuations in a strange metal
Xuefei Guo🇨🇳 · Jin Chen🇺🇸 · Farzaneh Hoveyda-Marashi · Simon L. Bettler · Dipanjan Chaudhuri · Caitlin S. Kengle🇺🇸 · John A. Schneeloch · Ruidan Zhang🇺🇸 · Genda Gu · Tai-Chang Chiang · Alexei M. Tsvelik🇺🇸 · Thomas Faulkner🇺🇸 · Philip W. Phillips · Peter Abbamonte🇺🇸
The strange metal is a peculiar phase of matter in which the electron scattering rate, $τ^{- 1} \sim k_{B} T /ℏ$ , which determines the electrical resistance, is universal across a wide family of materials and determined only by fundamental constants. In 1989, theorists hypothesized that this universality would manifest as scale-invariant behavior in the dynamic charge susceptibility, $χ^{''} (q, ω)$ . Here, we present momentum-resolved inelastic electron scattering measurements of the strange metal Bi $_{2}$ Sr $_{2}$ CaCu $_{2}$ O $_{8 + x}$ showing that the susceptibility has the scale-invariant form $χ^{''} (q, ω) = T^{- ν} f (ω / T)$ , with exponent $ν = 0.93$ . We find the response is consistent with conformal invariance, meaning the dynamics may be thought of as occurring on a circle of radius $1/ T$ in imaginary time, characterized by conformal dimension $Δ = 0.05$ . Our study indicates that the strange metal is a universal phenomenon whose properties are not determined by microscopic properties of a particular material.
↳ cond-mat.str-elhep-ph2 citations
45*
Stochastic quantization and diffusion models
Kenji Fukushima · Syo Kamata
This is a pedagogical review of the possible connection between the stochastic quantization in physics and the diffusion models in machine learning. For machine-learning applications, the denoising diffusion model has been established as a successful technique, which is formulated in terms of the stochastic differential equation (SDE). In this review, we focus on an SDE approach used in the score-based generative modeling. Interestingly, the evolution of the probability distribution is equivalently described by a particular class of SDEs, and in a particular limit, the stochastic noises can be eliminated. Then, we turn to a similar mathematical formulation in quantum physics, that is, the stochastic quantization. We make a brief overview on the stochastic quantization using a simple toy model of the one-dimensional integration. The analogy between the diffusion model and the stochastic quantization is clearly seen in this concrete example. Finally, we discuss how the sign problem arises in the toy model with complex parameters. The origin of the difficulty is understood based on the Lefschetz thimble analysis. We point out that the SDE is not invariant under the variable change which induces a kernel and a special choice of the kernel guided by the Lefschetz thimble analysis can reduce the sign problem.
↳ hep-lathep-phquant-phJ.Phys.Soc.Jap.(2025)·10 citations
46*
Beyond Coleman's Instantons
Misao Sasaki🇯🇵 · Vicharit Yingcharoenrat🇯🇵 · Ying-li Zhang🇨🇳
In the absence of gravity, Coleman's theorem states that the $O (4)$ -symmetric instanton solution, which is regular at the origin and exponentially decays at infinity, gives the lowest action. Perturbatively, this implies that any small deformation from $O (4)$ -symmetry gives a larger action. In this letter we investigate the possibility of extending this theorem to the situation where the $O (4)$ -symmetric instanton is singular, provided that the action is finite. In particular, we show a general form of the potential around the origin, which realizes a singular instanton with finite action. We then discuss a concrete example in which this situation is realized, and analyze non-trivial anisotropic deformations around the solution perturbatively. Intriguingly, in contrast to the case of Coleman's instantons, we find that there exists a deformed solution that has the same action as the one for the $O (4)$ -symmetric solution up to the second order in perturbation. Our result implies that there exist non- $O (4)$ -symmetric solutions with finite action beyond Coleman's instantons, and gives rise to the possibility of the existence of a non- $O (4)$ -symmetric instanton with a lower action.
↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phClass.Quant.Grav.(2025)·3 citations
47*
1+1 dimensional relativistic viscous non-resistive magnetohydrodynamics with longitudinal boost invariance
Ze-Fang Jiang🇨🇳 · Shuo-Yan Liu🇨🇳 · Tian-Yu Hu🇨🇳 · Huang-Jing Zheng🇨🇳 · Duan She🇨🇳
We study 1+1 dimensional relativistic non-resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with longitudinal boost invariance and shear stress tensor. Several analytical solutions that describe the fluid temperature evolution under the equation of state (EoS) $ε = 3 p$ are derived, relevant to relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Extending the Victor-Bjorken ideal MHD flow to include non-zero shear viscosity, two perturbative analytical solutions for the first-order (Navier-Stokes) approximation are obtained. For small, power-law evolving external magnetic fields, our solutions are stable and show that both magnetic field and shear viscosity cause fluid heating with an early temperature peak, align with the numerical results. In the second-order (Israel-Stewart) theory, our findings show that the combined presence of magnetic field and shear viscosity leads to a slow cooling rate of fluid temperature, with initial shear stress significantly affecting temperature evolution of QGP.
↳ nucl-thhep-phCPC(2025)·4 citations
48*
Yang-Mills Field in the $κ$ -space-time
Bhagya. R · E. Harikumar🇮🇳
In this paper, we construct $S U (N)$ Yang-Mills theory in the $κ$ -space-time, valid up to first order in the deformation parameter $a$ , using the generalisation of Feynman's approach. Using the $κ$ -deformed Wong's equation derived, in the Jacobi identity involving velocities and coordinates of $κ$ -deformed space-time, the $κ$ -deformed homogeneous Yang-Mills equations are derived. We show the compatibility between the $κ$ -deformed field strength derived using the Jacobi identity and the commutators of the gauge covariant derivative, up to first order in $a$ . The $κ$ -deformed field strength is covariant under $S U (N)$ gauge transformations. We then construct the Lagrangian for Yang-Mills theory in $κ$ -deformed space-time and show that it is invariant under $S U (N)$ transformation and not under U(N) transformation. We also derive the expression for the force experienced by an isospin-carrying particle in the presence of Yang-Mills field in the $κ$ -space-time.
↳ hep-thgr-qchep-ph1 citation
49*
Lattice calculation of the $η_{c} η_{c}$ and $J / ψ J / ψ$ s-wave scattering length
Yu Meng🇨🇳 · Chuan Liu🇨🇳 · Xin-Yu Tuo🇺🇸 · Haobo Yan🇨🇳 · Zhaolong Zhang🇨🇳
We calculate the s-wave scattering length in the $0^{+}$ sector of $η_{c} η_{c}$ and the $2^{+}$ sector of $J / ψ J / ψ$ using three $N_{f} = 2$ twisted mass gauge ensembles with the lattice spacing $a = 0.0667, 0.085, 0.098$ fm, respectively. The scattering lengths are extracted using the conventional Lüscher finite size method. We observe sizable discretization effects and the results after a continuum extrapolation are $a_{η_{c} η_{c}}^{0^{+}} = - 0.104 (09)$ fm and $a_{J / ψ J / ψ}^{2^{+}} = - 0.165 (16)$ fm. The slight difference of light quark mass is ignored in this study. Our results indicate that the interaction between the two respective charmonia are repulsive in nature in both cases.
↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phEPJC(2025)·11 citations
50*
QED 5-loop on the lattice
Ryuichiro Kitano🇯🇵
We report the result of the numerical lattice computation of the lepton anomalous magnetic moment in QED up to five loops. We concentrate on the contributions from diagrams without lepton loops, which are the most difficult part of the calculation in the Feynman diagram method while the lattice formulation is the easiest. Good agreement with the results of the Feynman diagram method is observed.
↳ hep-lathep-phPTEP(2025)·2 citations
51*
Computing $1/ m_{Q}$ and $1/ m_{Q}^{2}$ corrections to the static potential with lattice gauge theory using gradient flow
Michael Eichberg🇩🇪 · Marc Wagner🇩🇪
We present selected preliminary lattice gauge theory results for $O (1/ m_{Q})$ and $O (1/ m_{Q}^{2})$ corrections to the static potential. These results are based on Wilson loops with two field strength insertions, which we renormalize using gradient flow. We explore tree level improvement to reduce systematic errors in the Wilson loops due to the finite lattice spacing and flow time, in particular at small temporal and spatial separations.
↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2025)·5 citations
52*
Evidence for Two Excited $Ω^{-}$ Hyperons
BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim · M. N. Achasov · P. Adlarson · O. Afedulidis · X. C. Ai · R. Aliberti · A. Amoroso · Y. Bai · O. Bakina · I. Balossino · Y. Ban · H.-R. Bao and 662 other authors
Using $e^{+} e^{-}$ collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19,fb $^{- 1}$ collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies ranging from 4.13 to 4.70,GeV, we report the first evidence for a new excited $Ω^{-}$ hyperon, the $Ω (2109)^{-}$ , through the process $e^{+} e^{-} \to Ω (2109)^{-} Ω ˉ^{+} + c . c .$ with a significance of 4.1 $σ$ . The mass and width of $Ω (2109)^{-}$ are measured to be $2108.5 \pm 5. 2_{stat} \pm 0. 9_{syst} MeV / c^{2}$ and $18.3 \pm 16. 4_{stat} \pm 5. 7_{syst} MeV$ , respectively. We also present evidence for a new production mechanism for the previously identified $Ω (2012)^{-}$ via the process $e^{+} e^{-} \to Ω (2012)^{-} Ω ˉ^{+} + c . c .$ with a significance of 3.5 $σ$ .
↳ hep-exhep-phPRL(2025)·17 citations
53*
BAO vs. SN evidence for evolving dark energy
Alessio Notari🇪🇸 · Michele Redi🇮🇹 · Andrea Tesi🇮🇹
We critically review the evidence for time-varying dark energy from recent Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and Supernova (SN) observations. First, we show that such evidence is present at the 3 $σ$ level, even without the new BAO data from the dark energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), by instead using BAO data from the dark energy Survey (DES), combined with the DES5Y supernovae and Planck CMB data. Next, we examine the role of the DES5Y supernova dataset, showing that the preference for time-varying dark energy is driven by the low redshift supernovae common to both the DES5Y and Pantheon+ compilations. We find that combining Pantheon+ and DES5Y supernovae by removing the common supernovae leads to two different results, depending on whether they are removed from the DES5Y or the Pantheon+ catalog, leading to stronger or weaker exclusion of $Λ$ CDM, at the (3.8 $σ$ ) and (2.5 $σ$ ) level, respectively. These common supernovae have smaller error bars in DES5Y compared to Pantheon+, and, as recently pointed out, there is an offset in magnitude in DES5Y between supernovae at ( $z > 0.1$ ), where almost all the measurements taken during the full five years of DES are, and the low-redshift ones ( $z < 0.1$ ), where all the historical set of nearby supernovae lies. We show that marginalizing over such an offset in DES5Y would lead to significantly weaker evidence for evolving dark energy.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·63 citations
54*
Hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon at the physical pion mass
Zoltan Fodor🇩🇪 · Antoine Gerardin🇫🇷 · Laurent Lellouch🇫🇷 · Kalman K. Szabo🇩🇪 · Balint C. Toth🇩🇪 · Christian Zimmermann🇫🇷
We present a lattice QCD calculation of the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon using $N_{f} = 2 + 1 + 1$ flavors of staggered quarks with masses tuned to their physical values. Our final result, in the continuum limit, reads $a_{μ}^{hlbl} = 125.5 (11.6)_{stat} (0.4)_{syst} \times 1 0^{- 11}$ where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. Light, strange and charm-quark contributions are considered. In addition to the connected and leading disconnected contributions, we also include an estimate of the sub-leading disconnected diagrams. Our result is compatible with previous lattice QCD and data-driven dispersive determinations.
↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2025)·64 citations
55*
An introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics
Xu-Guang Huang🇨🇳
Spin polarization and spin transport are common phenomena in many quantum systems. Relativistic spin hydrodynamics provides an effective low-energy framework to describe these processes in quantum many-body systems. The fundamental symmetry underlying relativistic spin hydrodynamics is angular momentum conservation, which naturally leads to inter-conversion between spin and orbital angular momenta. This inter-conversion is a key feature of relativistic spin hydrodynamics, closely related to entropy production and introducing ambiguity in the construction of constitutive relations. In this article, we present a pedagogical introduction to relativistic spin hydrodynamics. We demonstrate how to derive the constitutive relations by applying local thermodynamic laws and explore several distinctive aspects of spin hydrodynamics. These include the pseudo-gauge ambiguity, the behavior of the system in the presence of strong vorticity, and the challenges of modeling the freeze-out of spin in heavy-ion collisions. We also outline some future prospects for spin hydrodynamics.
↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exphysics.flu-dynNucl.Sci.Tech.(2025)·35 citations
56*
Emergence of Calabi-Yau manifolds in high-precision black hole scattering
Mathias Driesse🇩🇪 · Gustav Uhre Jakobsen🇩🇪 · Albrecht Klemm🇩🇪 · Gustav Mogull🇩🇪 · Christoph Nega🇩🇪 · Jan Plefka🇩🇪 · Benjamin Sauer🇩🇪 · Johann Usovitsch🇩🇪
Using the worldline quantum field theory formalism, we compute the radiation-reacted impulse, scattering angle, radiated energy and recoil of a classical black hole (or neutron star) scattering event at fifth post-Minkowskian and sub-leading self-force orders (5PM-1SF). This state-of-the-art four-loop computation employs advanced integration-by-parts and differential equation technology, and is considerably more challenging than the conservative 5PM-1SF counterpart. As compared with the conservative 5PM-1SF, in the radiation sector Calabi-Yau three-fold periods appear and contribute to the radiated energy and recoil observables. We give an extensive exposition of the canonicalization of the differential equations and provide details on boundary integrations, Feynman rules, and integration-by-parts strategies. Comparisons to numerical relativity are also performed.
↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phmath.AGNature(2025)·126 citations
57*
High-energy interactions of charged black holes in full general relativity I: Zoom-whirl orbits and universality with the irreducible mass
M A. M. Smith🇺🇸 · Vasileios Paschalidis🇺🇸 · Gabriele Bozzola🇺🇸
We simulate high-energy scattering of equal-mass, nonspinning black holes endowed with like charges in full general relativity while varying the impact parameter $b$ . We show that electrodynamics does not suppress zoom-whirl orbits for at least charge-to-mass ratios $λ = 0.1, 0.4, 0.6$ . However, we find that as $λ$ increases, the immediate merger and scattering thresholds defining the zoom-whirl regime move to smaller impact parameter $b / M_{ADM}$ , with $M_{ADM}$ designating the binary black hole gravitational mass. This demonstrates that charge leaves observable imprints in key properties at energy scales where charge has negligible influence in head-on collisions. Additionally, we find that these threshold impact parameters become universal, i.e., charge-independent, when we normalize $b$ by the sum of the initial BH irreducible masses in the binary ( $b / M_{irr}$ ). This is the first explicit demonstration that the irreducible mass, which is proportional to the black hole areal radius, defines a fundamental gauge-invariant length scale governing horizon scale scattering events in the strong-field, dynamical spacetime regime.
↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
58*
Matrix moment approach to positivity bounds and UV reconstruction from IR
Shi-Lin Wan🇨🇳 · Shuang-Yong Zhou🇨🇳
Positivity bounds in effective field theories (EFTs) can be extracted through the moment problem approach, utilizing well-established results from the mathematical literature. We generalize this formalism using the matrix moment approach to derive positivity bounds for theories with multiple field components. The sufficient conditions for obtaining optimal bounds are identified and applied to several example field theories, yielding results that match precisely the numerical bounds computed using other methods. The upper unitarity bounds can also be easily harnessed in the matrix case. Furthermore, the moment problem formulation also provides a means to reverse engineer the UV spectrum from the EFT coefficients, often uniquely, as explicitly demonstrated in examples such as string amplitudes and the $s t u$ kink theory.
↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2025)·20 citations
59*
Symmetries in high-temperature lattice QCD with (u, d, s, c, b) optimal domain-wall quarks
Ting-Wai Chiu🇹🇼
We investigate the spatial $z$ -correlators of meson operators in $N_{f} = 2 + 1 + 1 + 1$ lattice QCD with optimal domain-wall quarks across eight temperatures ranging from 325 to 3250 MeV. The meson operators include a complete set of Dirac bilinears for ten flavor combinations. Our findings reveal a hierarchical restoration of chiral symmetry in QCD with $(u, d, s, c, b)$ quarks, progressing sequentially from $S U (2)_{L} \times S U (2)_{R} \times U (1)_{A}$ to $S U (3)_{L} \times S U (3)_{R} \times U (1)_{A}$ , then to $S U (4)_{L} \times S U (4)_{R} \times U (1)_{A}$ , and finally to $S U (5)_{L} \times S U (5)_{R} \times U (1)_{A}$ as the temperature increases. Additionally, we explore the emergence of the $S U (2)_{C S}$ chiral-spin symmetry and compare the temperature windows for all flavor combinations. Our results indicate that the temperature windows for the emergent $S U (2)_{C S}$ symmetry are primarily dominated by the $u ˉ b$ and $s ˉ b$ sectors.
↳ hep-lathep-phSymmetry(2025)·8 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.