HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Wed·Nov 13, 2024Wednesday·November 13, 2024

33 papers—21 primary·12 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
Feynman Rules in the Two-Higgs Doublet Model Effective Field Theory
Radovan Dermisek🇺🇸 · Keith Hermanek🇺🇸
We derive a complete set of Feynman rules in the general two-Higgs doublet model effective field theory where the effects of additional new physics are parametrized by operators up to mass dimension-six. We calculate the physical Higgs spectrum, contributions to the couplings and masses of electroweak gauge bosons and fermions, and all contact interactions arising from dimension-six operators. We also present results in specific limits and types, which include the $C P$ -conserving limit, alignment limit, and the four types of two-Higgs doublet models: type-I, -II, -X, and -Y. We discuss the differences between the two-Higgs doublet model effective field theory and the renormalizable two-Higgs doublet model or the standard model effective field theory. We create a FeynRules model package for calculating all Feynman rules in the general effective field theory and its specific limits and types.
hep-ph3 citations
02*
New Physics Hiding at the Ends
Clifford Cheung🇺🇸 · Ira Z. Rothstein🇺🇸
Is field space infinite? If not, it either loops back on itself or ends altogether. Periodic boundary conditions are of course familiar, but field space endpoints--which appear in real-world systems--are far less explored. In this paper we argue that boundaries in field space are generic, radiatively stable structures that allow for new physics at very low scales not ruled out by experiment. Such boundaries are delocalized in field space from the vacuum, so they can only be accessed by coherent fields or high multiplicity processes, both of which are weakly constrained observationally. Low multiplicity interactions do not detect the boundary and instead perceive a "mirage cutoff" that is parametrically higher than the true cutoff of the theory. Hence, field space boundaries are deformations of the standard model that are Lorentz invariant, local, unitary at low energies, and experimentally unconstrained. We comment on the possibility of field space boundaries on the long-range force carriers and the Higgs, as well as possible implications for the hierarchy problem.
hep-phgr-qchep-thPRD(2026)·7 citations
03*
Subtraction of the $t t ˉ$ contribution in $t W b ˉ$ production at the one-loop level
Liang Dong🇨🇳 · Hai Tao Li🇨🇳 · Zheng-Yu Li🇨🇳 · Jian Wang🇨🇳
The $t W b ˉ$ production contributes to the real corrections to the $t W$ cross section. It would interfere with the top quark pair production, causing difficulties in a clear definition of the $t W b ˉ$ events. The subtraction of the $t t ˉ$ contributions has been performed in the diagram removal or diagram subtraction schemes for the tree-level processes. However, these schemes rely on the ability to identify the double resonant diagrams and thus can not be extended to loop diagrams. We propose a new scheme to subtract the $t t ˉ$ contributions by power expansion of the squared amplitude in the resonant region. In order to cancel the infra-red divergences of the loop amplitudes, a widely used method is to introduce the dipole counter-terms, an ingredient in calculations of the full next-to-leading order QCD corrections. In our scheme, these counter-terms are also power-expanded. As a proof of principle, we calculate the one-loop correction to the $d d ˉ \to b ˉ W t$ process, and present the invariant mass distribution of the $W b ˉ$ system.
hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·2 citations
04*
Analytic decay width of the Higgs boson to massive bottom quarks at order $α_{s}^{3}$
Jian Wang🇨🇳 · Xing Wang🇩🇪 · Yefan Wang🇨🇳
The Higgs boson decay into bottom quarks is the dominant decay channel contributing to its total decay width, which can be used to measure the bottom quark Yukawa coupling and mass. This decay width has been computed up to $O (α_{s}^{4})$ for the process induced by the bottom quark Yukawa coupling, assuming massless final states, and the corresponding corrections beyond $O (α_{s}^{2})$ are found to be less than $0.2%$ . We present an analytical result for the decay into massive bottom quarks at $O (α_{s}^{3})$ that includes the contribution from the top quark Yukawa coupling induced process. We have made use of the optical theorem, canonical differential equations and the regular basis in the calculation and expressed the result in terms of multiple polylogarithms and elliptic functions. We propose a systematic and unified procedure to derive the $ϵ$ -factorized differential equation for the three-loop kite integral family, which includes the three-loop banana integrals as a sub-sector. We find that the $O (α_{s}^{3})$ corrections increase the decay width, relative to the result up to $O (α_{s}^{2})$ , by $1%$ due to the large logarithms $lo g^{i} (m_{H}^{2} / m_{b}^{2})$ with $1 \leq i \leq 4$ in the small bottom quark mass limit. The coefficient of the double logarithms is proportional to $C_{A} - C_{F}$ , which is the typical color structure in the resummation of soft quark contributions at subleading power.
hep-phhep-exhep-thJHEP(2025)·14 citations
05*
Constraining Dark Matter Models with a Light Mediator from CDEX-10 Experiment at China Jinping Underground Laboratory
Qi-Yuan Nie · Wen-Han Dai · Hao Ma · Qian Yue · Ke-Jun Kang · Yuan-Jing Li
We search for nuclear recoil signals of dark matter models with a light mediator using data taken from a p-type point-contact germanium detector of the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The 90% confidence level upper limits on the DM-nucleon interaction cross section from 205.4 kg-day exposure data are derived, excluding new parameter space in 2~5 GeV DM mass when the mediator mass is comparable to or lighter than the typical momentum transfer. We further interpret our results to constrain a specific self-interacting dark matter model with a light mediator coupling to the photon through kinetic mixing, and set experimental limits on the model parameter region favored by astrophysical observations.
hep-phCPC(2025)·2 citations
06*
Isospin breaking corrections in $2 π$ production in tau decays and $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation: consequences for the muon $g - 2$ and CVC tests
Gabriel López Castro🇲🇽 · Alejandro Miranda🇪🇸 · Pablo Roig🇲🇽
We revisit the isospin-breaking corrections relating the $e^{+} e^{-}$ hadronic cross-section and the tau decay spectral function, focusing on the di-pion channel, that gives the dominant contribution to the hadronic vacuum polarization piece of the muon $g - 2$ . We test different types of electromagnetic and weak form factors and show that both, the Gounaris-Sakurai and a dispersive-based approach, describe accurately $τ$ lepton and $e^{+} e^{-}$ data (less when KLOE measurements are included in the fits) and comply reasonably well with analyticity constraints. From these results we obtain the isospin-breaking contribution to the conserved vector current (CVC) prediction of the $BR (τ \to π π ν_{τ})$ and to the $2 π$ hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon $g - 2$ , in agreement with previous determinations and with similar precision. Our results abound in the convenience of using tau data-based results in the updated data-driven prediction of the muon $g - 2$ in the Standard Model.
hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2025)·34 citations
07*
Wormhole-Induced ALP Dark Matter
Dhong Yeon Cheong🇰🇷 · Koichi Hamaguchi🇯🇵 · Yoshiki Kanazawa🇯🇵 · Sung Mook Lee🇨🇭 · Natsumi Nagata🇯🇵 · Seong Chan Park🇰🇷
Non-perturbative gravitational effects induce explicit global symmetry breaking terms within axion models. These exponentially suppressed terms in the potential give a mass contribution to the axion-like particles (ALPs). In this work we investigate this scenario with a scalar field charged under a global $U (1)$ symmetry and having a non-minimal coupling to gravity. Given the exponential dependence, the ALP can retain a mass spanning a wide range, which can act as a dark matter component. We specify pre-inflationary and post-inflationary production mechanisms of these ALPs, with the former from the misalignment mechanism and the latter from both the misalignment and cosmic-string decay. We identify the allowed parameter ranges that explain the dark matter abundance for both a general inflation case and a case where the radial mode scalar drives inflation, each in metric and Palatini formalisms. We show that the ALP can be the dominant component of the dark matter in a wide range of its mass, $m_{a} \in [1 0^{- 21} eV, TeV]$ , depending on the inflationary scenario and the $U (1)$ breaking scale. These results indicate that ALPs can be responsible for our dark matter abundance within a setup purely from non-perturbative gravitational effects.
hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJHEP(2025)·2 citations
08*
Sensitivity Study of Supernova Neutrinos for Mass Hierarchy
Riya Gaba🇮🇳 · Maitreyee Mukherjee🇮🇳 · Vipin Bhatnagar🇮🇳
Supernovae represent some of the most energetically explosive events in the universe, with a substantial fraction of their released gravitational energy carried away by neutrinos. This study evaluates the sensitivity of three next-generation neutrino detectors which are Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Hyper-Kamiokande (Hyper-K), and the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) to supernova neutrinos, specifically focusing on their ability to discern between normal and inverted mass hierarchies. We utilize three different flux models: Bollig, Tamborra and Nakazato, employing the SNEWPY software to simulate the expected neutrino fluxes from core-collapse supernovae. These models highlight the variability in the predictions due to different progenitors and simulation methods. By analyzing the event rates across various interaction channels and implementing the adiabatic Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein (MSW) effect on the neutrino flux, we have calculated the expected detection rates for each detector. Our results indicate that sensitivities range from $\sim 3 σ$ to $\sim 9 σ$ for DUNE, $\sim 4 σ$ to $\sim 16 σ$ for Hyper-K and $\sim 1.7 σ$ to $\sim 6.7 σ$ for JUNO depending on distance and flux model, with sensitivity diminishing significantly at larger distances. This work underscores the potential of future neutrino observatories to enhance our understanding of fundamental physics through the study of supernova neutrinos.
hep-phIJMPE(2026)·3 citations
09*
Non-thermal Dark Matter in $U (1)_{B - L}$ Extension of Inert Doublet Model
Maien Binjonaid🇸🇦 · Ahmed Elsheshtawy🇪🇬 · Shaaban Khalil🇪🇬
We propose an extension of the Inert Doublet Model (IDM) that explains both neutrino masses and dark matter (DM) in the intermediate-mass range by incorporating a $U (1)_{B - L}$ gauge symmetry. This additional symmetry enables the inclusion of right-handed neutrinos, providing a natural mechanism for neutrino mass generation. While the CP-even component of the inert doublet can serve as a DM candidate, its thermal relic abundance is insufficient to match the observed DM density. To address this, we introduce a non-thermal production mechanism, where a heavy scalar associated with the $U (1)_{B - L}$ symmetry decays into the inert doublet scalar, yielding a viable relic abundance at low reheating temperatures. We also examine both direct and indirect detection prospects for this DM candidate and assess the model against current experimental constraints.
hep-phhep-thJCAP(2025)·1 citation
10*
CWebGen -- A tool to study colour structure of scattering amplitudes in IR limit
Neelima Agarwal · Sourav Pal🇮🇳 · Aditya Srivastav🇮🇳 · Anurag Tripathi🇮🇳
Infrared singularities in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) are captured by the Soft function, which can be calculated efficiently using Feynman diagrams known as webs. The starting point for calculating Soft function using webs is to compute the web mixing matrices using a well known replica trick algorithm. We present a package implemented in Mathematica to calculate these mixing matrices. Along with the package, we provide several state-of-the art computations.
hep-phhep-thComput.Phys.Commun.(2025)·4 citations
11*
NLO QCD effects on angular observables in single Higgs production at electron-proton collider
Pramod Sharma🇮🇳 · Biswajit Das🇮🇳 · Ambresh Shivaji🇮🇳
Properties of the Higgs boson ( $H$ ) at current and future particle colliders are crucial to explore new physics beyond the standard model. In particular, experimental and theoretical outlooks at future colliders drive interest in Higgs to gauge boson couplings. Single Higgs production via vector-boson fusion allows probing Higgs couplings with massive vector bosons ( $V = W, Z$ ). We consider electron-proton (eP) collider to study these couplings due to the low background. In a recent study, we considered the most general anomalous Higgs-vector boson ( $H V V$ ) couplings and explored the potential of eP collider in constraining the parameters of $H V V$ couplings. Our results were based on leading order predictions in perturbation theory. We include further Next to Leading Order (NLO) corrections of Quantum Chromodynamic (QCD) in Standard Model signal to make precise predictions. In this talk, I will present the effect of NLO QCD corrections on the standard model and anomalous $H V V$ couplings.
hep-phhep-exPoS(2025)·1 citation
12*
Centrality definition in e+A collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider
Mariam Hegazy🇪🇬 · Aliaa Rafaat🇪🇬 · Niseem Magdy🇺🇸 · Wenliang Li🇺🇸 · Abhay Deshpande🇺🇸 · A. M. H. Abdelhady🇪🇬 · A.Y.Ellithi🇪🇬
In this work, we investigate the feasibility of defining centrality in electron-ion collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) by examining the correlation between the impact parameter and several observables, including total energy, total transverse momentum, and total number of particles. Using the BeAGLE Monte Carlo generator, we simulate e+Au and e+Ru collisions at different energies and analyze the correlation between the impact parameter and these observables across different kinematic regions. Our findings indicate that the correlation is weak in the central rapidity region but becomes stronger in the forward and far-forward rapidity regions. However, the correlation is not sufficiently robust to allow for precise centrality determination. We conclude that defining centrality in electron-ion collisions is more challenging than in ion-ion collisions, necessitating further studies to develop a robust centrality definition for the EIC.
hep-phnucl-thJ.Phys.G(2025)·0 citations
13*
Examining the structure functions of nucleons by introducing new Ansatz and their consequences on parton distribution functions in higher approximation
Hossein Vaziri🇮🇷 · Mohammad Reza Shojaei🇮🇷
By introducing ansatz and using a PDF at the $N^{3} L O$ approximation in this paper, we have studied the structure of the nucleons in generalized parton distributions (GPDs). For this purpose, the form factors and the electric radius of nucleons, as well as the quark's form factors, are calculated in this paper. These calculations give important new information about the nucleons and the distribution of partons within them. The results are analyzed, and to validate them, the abstract emphasizes the importance of comparing the results with existing research and experimental data. By varying the free appropriate parameters of the new ansatz, the study seeks to optimize the model, ensure its suitability for accurately describing the nucleon's internal structure, and provide valuable insights about the distribution of partons.
hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2024)·3 citations
14*
New Physics effects with right-handed neutrinos in semileptonic decay $B_{c}^{+} \to B_{s} μ^{+} ν_{μ}$
Priyanka Boora🇮🇳 · Dinesh Kumar🇮🇳 · Kavita Lalwani🇮🇳
We extend the Standard Model with the general effective Hamiltonian for the quark level transition $c \to s ℓ ν$ with a complete set of four fermion operators including right-handed neutrinos. The current experimental measurements in charm decays are compatible with the Standard Model predictions and are used to constrain the new physics. With the available experimental data, we fit a $χ^{2}$ function to get the best-fit values of the NP WCs. We investigate the impact of allowed new physics in the observables such as differential branching fraction, forward-backward asymmetry, lepton polarization asymmetry, and convexity parameter in the semileptonic decay $B_{c}^{+} \to B_{s} μ^{+} ν_{μ}$ . The different types of new physics scenarios have significant effects on these considered observables. The future experimental information of these observables can help to disentangle the structure of new physics.
hep-phEPJC(2025)·2 citations
15*
Complete Two-loop Renormalization Group Equation of the Weinberg Operator
Alejandro Ibarra🇩🇪 · Nicholas Leister🇩🇪 · Di Zhang🇩🇪
We calculate the renormalization group equation (RGE) of the lepton-number-violating Weinberg operator with the particle content of the Standard Model (SM), thus completing the set of two-loop RGEs of the SM effective field theory up to dimension 5. We identify new diagrams that could increase the rank of the Wilson coefficient of the Weinberg operator, and we calculate the complete two-loop RGE for the neutrino mass eigenvalues and leptonic mixing matrix. We also briefly discuss some phenomenological implications of the RGEs.
hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·16 citations
16*
The 33311 Left-Right Bilepton Model
Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Paul H. Frampton🇮🇹 · Dario Melle🇮🇹
We discuss extension of the electroweak gauge group to $S U (3)_{L} \times S U (3)_{R} \times U (1)_{X L} \times U (1)_{X R}$ . This adds new leptons to the familiar 331-model. The explanation for three light quark-lepton families remains but new particles are introduced which have no TeV scale upper limit on their masses.
hep-phPLB(2025)·0 citations
17*
Atomic Dark Matter, Interacting Dark Radiation, and the Hubble Tension
Manuel A. Buen-Abad🇺🇸 · Zackaria Chacko🇺🇸 · Ina Flood🇺🇸 · Can Kilic🇺🇸 · Gustavo Marques-Tavares🇺🇸 · Taewook Youn🇺🇸
We present a new class of interacting dark sector models that can address the Hubble tension. Interacting dark radiation (DR) has previously been put forward as a solution to the problem, but this proposal is disfavored by the high- $ℓ$ cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. We modify this basic framework by introducing a subcomponent of dark matter (DM) that interacts strongly with the DR, so that together they constitute a tightly coupled fluid at early times. We show that if this subcomponent decouples from the interacting DR during the CMB epoch, the $ℓ$ modes of the CMB that entered the horizon before decoupling are impacted differently from those that entered after, allowing a solution to the problem. We present a model that realizes this framework, which we dub "New Atomic Dark Matter", or nuADaM, in which the interacting dark matter (iDM) subcomponent is composed of dark atoms, and dark "neutrinos" with long-range interactions contribute to the DR, hence the name of the model. This iDM subcomponent is acoustic at early times but decouples from the DR following dark recombination. In contrast to conventional atomic dark matter (ADM) models, the dark photon is part of a richer DR sector, which ensures that it continues to be self-interacting even after recombination. We show that this model admits a fit to the available cosmological data that is significantly better than both $Λ$ CDM and conventional ADM.
hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2025)·13 citations
18*
Precision evaluation of the $η$ - and $η^{'}$ -pole contributions to hadronic light-by-light scattering in the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon
Simon Holz🇨🇭 · Martin Hoferichter🇨🇭 · Bai-Long Hoid🇩🇪 · Bastian Kubis🇩🇪
Next to the $π^{0}$ pole, $η$ and $η^{'}$ intermediate states give rise to the leading singularities of the hadronic light-by-light tensor, resulting in sizable contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $a_{μ}$ . The strength of the poles is determined by the respective transition form factors (TFFs) to two (virtual) photons. We present a calculation of these TFFs that implements a number of low- and high-energy constraints, including the $η^{(')} \to γ γ$ decay widths, $η^{(')} \to π^{+} π^{-} γ$ spectra, chiral symmetry for the $η^{(')} \to 2 (π^{+} π^{-})$ amplitudes, vector-meson couplings, and asymptotic limits. Crucially, we investigate the role of the leading left-hand singularity generated by the exchange of the $a_{2}$ tensor meson, yielding, for the first time, an estimate of the associated factorization-breaking corrections. Our final results, $a_{μ}^{η -pole} = 14.7 (9) \times 1 0^{- 11}$ and $a_{μ}^{η^{'} -pole} = 13.5 (7) \times 1 0^{- 11}$ , conclude a dedicated effort to evaluate the pseudoscalar-pole contributions to hadronic light-by-light scattering using dispersion relations, amounting to a combined $a_{μ}^{PS-poles} = 91. 2_{- 2.4}^{+ 2.9} \times 1 0^{- 11}$ .
hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thPRL(2025)·45 citations
19*
CPon Dark Matter
Ferruccio Feruglio🇮🇹 · Robert Ziegler🇩🇪
We study a class of supersymmetric models where the strong CP problem is solved through spontaneous CP violation, carried out by a complex scalar field that determines the Yukawa couplings of the theory. Assuming that one real component of this field - the CPon - is light, we examine the conditions under which it provides a viable Dark Matter candidate. The CPon couplings to fermions are largely determined by the field-dependent Yukawa interactions, and induce couplings to gauge bosons at 1-loop. All couplings are suppressed by an undetermined UV scale, which needs to exceed $1 0^{12}$ GeV in order to satisfy constraints on excessive stellar cooling and rare kaon decays. The CPon mass is limited from below by 5th force experiments and from above by X-ray telescopes looking for CPon decays to photons, leaving a range roughly between 10 meV and 1 MeV. Everywhere in the allowed parameter space the CPon can saturate the observed Dark Matter abundance through an appropriate balance of misalignment and freeze-in production from heavy SM fermions.
hep-phJHEP(2025)·8 citations
20*
Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis to probe trilinear $R$ -parity violating SUSY scenarios and possible LHC signatures
Arghya Choudhury🇮🇳 · Sourav Mitra🇮🇳 · Arpita Mondal🇮🇳 · Subhadeep Mondal🇮🇳
In this article, we probe the trilinear $R$ -parity violating (RPV) supersymmetric (SUSY) scenarios with specific nonzero interactions in the light of neutrino oscillation, Higgs, and flavor observables. We attempt to fit the set of observables using a state-of-the-art Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) setup and study its impact on the model parameter space. Our main objective is to constrain the trilinear couplings individually, along with some other SUSY parameters relevant to the observables. We present the constrained parameter regions in the form of marginalized posterior distributions on different two-dimensional parameter planes. We perform our analyses with two different scenarios characterized by our choices for the lightest SUSY particle (LSP), bino, and stop. Our results indicate that the lepton number violating trilinear couplings $λ_{i 33}$ ( $i$ =1,2) and $λ_{j 33}^{'}$ ( $j$ =1,2,3) can be at most of the order of $1 0^{- 4}$ or even smaller while $tan β$ is restricted to below 15 even when $3 σ$ allowed regions are considered. We further comment on the possible LHC signatures of these LSPs focusing on and around the best-fit regions.
hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
21*
Leveraging intermediate resonances to probe CP violation at colliders
Innes Bigaran🇺🇸 · Joshua Isaacson🇺🇸 · Taegyun Kim🇰🇷 · Karla Tame-Narvaez🇺🇸
We explore the phenomenological impact of interference in tree-level contributions to three-body final states in $2 \to 3$ scattering processes. This work introduces a novel search strategy leveraging asymmetries to enable sensitivity to CP-violating effects in less well-explored regions of phase space. Analytically, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this observable in probing interference between Standard Model charged-current decays and effective left-handed vector interactions, illustrated in a toy model featuring a scalar leptoquark, $S_{1} \sim (3, 1, - 1/3)$ . Numerically, we apply this framework to studying the process $pp \to b τ ν$ ; unlike traditional high- $p_{T}$ searches or ``bump hunts", this approach utilizes an intermediate energy regime -- where new physics is neither light enough to be produced on shell or heavy enough to justify an effective field theory treatment. A proof-of-principle analysis at parton level demonstrates a percent-level asymmetry, with sensitivity also to BSM weak-CP phase. While the specific phase sensitivity is diminished at particle level due to showering and detector effects, a machine learning classifier can recover sensitively to the presence of SM-BSM interference, significantly outperforming standard analysis methods. Notably discrimination between BSM signal and SM background could be achieved at the 2 $σ$ level for the current LHC dataset and 8 $σ$ at the High-Luminosity LHC. Moreover, this asymmetry observable as defined can also be more broadly applied to other searches for CP-violation in $2 \to 3$ processes in present and future collider environments.
hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·2 citations
22*
Heavy quark potential and thermal charm production in heavy-ion collisions
Taesoo Song🇩🇪 · Jiaxing Zhao🇩🇪 · Ilia Grishmanovskii🇩🇪
Heavy quark mass in QGP is related to the heavy quark potential at a large distance. In this study we test three different heavy quark potentials, namely, the free energy, the internal energy of the heavy quark pair in QGP, and the unscreened potential, which was recently proposed by the HotQCD Collaboration, through the thermal production of charm quarks in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. We find that the free energy potential overestimates charm production in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC, while the unscreened potential produces results closest to the experimental data from the ALICE Collaboration among the three potentials.
↳ nucl-thhep-phEPJA(2026)·3 citations
23*
Primordial Black Hole Reformation in the Early Universe
Taehun Kim🇰🇷 · Philip Lu🇰🇷
Primordial black holes (PBH) can arise in a wide range of scenarios, from inflation to first-order phase transitions. Light PBHs, such as those produced during preheating, in bounce cosmologies, or at the GUT scale, could induce an early matter-dominated phase given a moderate initial abundance. During the early matter domination, the growth of initial PBH density perturbations can trigger collapse on horizon scales, producing much heavier PBHs. While the remaining original PBHs evaporate and reheat the Universe, these massive reformed PBHs survive for an extended period of time, producing potentially observable signatures at the present. We study this PBH reformation scenario and show that those reformed PBHs can emit significant quantities of gamma rays detectable by the next generation of experiments. The rapid reheating after matter domination generates a coincident stochastic gravitational wave background, which could be within the range of the upcoming CMB-S4 experiment. The PBH reformation scenario provides an intriguing possibility of decoupling the current PBH population and the initial formation mechanism from early Universe physics, while providing opportunities for observation through multi-messenger astronomy.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPLB(2025)·7 citations
24*
A rich structure of renormalization group flows for Higgs-like models in 4 dimensions
André LeClair🇺🇸
We consider $2$ coupled Higgs doublets which transform in the usual way under SU(2). By constructing marginal operators which satisfy an operator product expansion based on the SU(2) Lie algebra, we can obtain a rich pattern of renormalization group (RG) flows which includes lines of fixed points and more interestingly, cyclic RG flows which are unavoidable in this model. The hamiltonian is pseudo-hermitian, $H^{†} = K H K^{†}$ with $K$ unitary satisfying $K^{2} = 1$ , thus the model is non-unitary. The hamiltonian still has real eigenvalues, but the non-unitarity is manifested in negative norm states. Based on a generalized optical theorem for pseudo-hermitian hamiltonians, we show that our model is in fact unitary below the threshold for particle/anti-particle pair production. It is thus unitary in the non-relativistic limit, which opens up some potential applications to condensed matter physics. We argue that our model breaks $C P$ symmetry. Upon spontaneous symmetry breaking, the Higgs-like fields have an infinite number of vacuum expectation values $v_{n}$ which satisfy ``Russian Doll" scaling $v_{n} \sim e^{2 nλ}$ where $n = 1, 2, 3, \dots$ and $λ$ is the period of one RG cycle which is an RG invariant. We speculate that this Russian Doll RG flow can perhaps resolve the so-called hierarchy problem and may shed light on the origin of ``families" in the Standard Model of particle physics. If after spontaneous symmetry breaking of the SU(2) to U(1) a cyclic RG with period $λ$ is operative up to the electro-weak scale, then this admits 3 RG cycles, i.e. 3 families of quarks and leptons. The strongest constraints on the RG period $λ$ comes from the phenomenological Koide formula, wherein $λ \approx π /2$ .
↳ hep-thhep-ph2 citations
25*
Landscape of Modular Cosmology
Renata Kallosh🇺🇸 · Andrei Linde🇺🇸
We investigate the global structure of the recently discovered family of $S L (2, Z)$ -invariant potentials describing inflationary $α$ -attractors. These potentials have an inflationary plateau consisting of the fundamental domain and its images fully covering the upper part of the Poincaré half-plane. Meanwhile, the lower part of the half-plane is covered by an infinitely large number of ridges, which, at first glance, are too sharp to support inflation. However, we show that this apparent sharpness is just an illusion created by hyperbolic geometry, and each of these ridges is physically equivalent to the inflationary plateau in the upper part of the Poincaré half-plane.
↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph+2JCAP(2025)·20 citations
26*
Formalization of physics index notation in Lean 4
Joseph Tooby-Smith🇮🇸
The physics community relies on index notation to effectively manipulate types of tensors. This paper introduces the first formally verified implementation of index notation in the interactive theorem prover Lean 4. By integrating index notation into Lean, we bridge the gap between traditional physics notation and formal verification tools, making it more accessible for physicists to write and prove results within Lean. We also open up a new avenue through which AI tools can be used to prove results related to tensors in physics. Behind the scenes our implementation leverages a novel application of category theory.
↳ cs.LOhep-phhep-th1 citation
27*
Detecting ultralight axions from multifrequency observations of neutral hydrogen intensity mapping
Qianshuo Liu🇨🇳 · Chang Feng🇨🇳 · Filipe B. Abdalla🇨🇳
We investigate the effects of ultralight axions (ULAs) on the differential brightness temperature fluctuations of neutral hydrogen at the post-reionization stage. Unique structure suppression features under the influence of ULAs are studied from angular correlations of the neutral hydrogen signals observed at different frequencies. Moreover, ULAs can behave like dark energy or dark matter at different mass regimes, implying that the fraction of the ULA energy density would be correlated with the sum of neutrino masses and the parameters of the dark energy equation of state for dark matter and dark energy like ULAs, respectively. We have explored the parameter space for the ULA physics and possible degeneracies among dark energy, neutrinos, and ULAs using the theoretical angular correlation functions expected from future intensity mapping surveys.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
28*
The hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon $g - 2$ at long distances
Dalibor Djukanovic🇩🇪 · Georg von Hippel🇩🇪 · Simon Kuberski🇨🇭 · Harvey B. Meyer🇩🇪 · Nolan Miller🇩🇪 · Konstantin Ottnad🇩🇪 · Julian Parrino🇩🇪 · Andreas Risch🇩🇪 · Hartmut Wittig🇩🇪
We present our lattice QCD result for the long-distance part of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution, $(a_{μ}^{hvp})^{LD}$ , to the muon $g - 2$ in the time-momentum representation. This is the numerically dominant, and at the same time the most challenging part regarding statistical precision. Our calculation is based on ensembles with dynamical up, down and strange quarks, employing the O( $a$ )-improved Wilson fermion action with lattice spacings ranging from $0.035 - 0.099$ fm. In order to reduce statistical noise in the long-distance part of the correlator to the per-mille level, we apply low-mode averaging and combine it with an explicit spectral reconstruction. Our result is $(a_{μ}^{hvp})^{LD} = 423.2 (4.2)_{stat} (3.4)_{syst} \times 1 0^{- 10}$ in isospin-symmetric QCD, where the pion decay constant is used to set the energy scale. When combined with our previous results for the short- and intermediate-distance window observables and after including all sub-dominant contributions as well as isospin-breaking corrections, we obtain the total leading-order hadronic vacuum polarization contribution as $a_{μ}^{hvp} = 724.5 (4.9)_{stat} (5.2)_{syst} \times 1 0^{- 10}$ . Our result displays a tension of 3.9 standard deviations with the data-driven estimate published in the 2020 White Paper, but leads to a SM prediction for the total muon anomalous magnetic moment that agrees with the current experimental average.
↳ hep-lathep-phJHEP(2025)·117 citations
29*
Large Field Polynomial Inflation in Palatini $f (R, ϕ)$ Gravity
Nilay Bostan🇺🇸 · Canan Karahan🇹🇷 · Ozan Sargın🇹🇷
In this paper, we employ the Palatini formalism to investigate the dynamics of large-field inflation using a renormalizable polynomial inflaton potential in the context of $f (R, ϕ)$ gravity. Assuming instant reheating, we make a comparative analysis of large-field polynomial inflation (PI). We first consider the minimal and non-minimal coupling of inflaton in $R$ gravity, and then we continue with the minimally and non-minimally coupled inflaton in $f (R, ϕ)$ gravity. We scan the parameter space for the inflationary predictions ( $n_{s}$ and $r$ ) consistent with the Planck and BICEP/Keck 2018 results as well as the sensitivity forecast of the future CMB-S4 and depict the compliant regions in the $ϕ_{0} - β$ plane where $ϕ_{0}$ and $β$ are two parameters of polynomial inflation model which control the saddle point of the potential and the flatness in the vicinity of this point respectively. We find that a substantial portion of the parameter space aligns with the observational data.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2025)·2 citations
30*
Berry Curvature and Spin-One Color Superconductivity
Noriyuki Sogabe🇺🇸 · Yi Yin🇨🇳
We explore the interplay between Berry curvature and topological properties in single-flavor color superconductors, where quarks form spin-one Cooper pairs. By deriving a new relation, we connect the topological nodal structure of the gap function in momentum space to the (nonabelian) Berry flux associated with paired quarks. This generalizes the early work by Li and Haldane [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 067003 (2018)] to systems with additional internal quantum numbers, such as color. In the ultrarelativistic limit, we uncover rich topological structures driven by the interplay of spin, chirality, and color. Specifically, we identify chirality-induced topological nodes in the transverse (opposite chirality pairing) polar and A phases. In contrast, the color-spin-locking phase lacks these nodes due to a nontrivial color Berry flux, which in turn induces gapless excitations with total Berry monopole charges of $\pm 3/2 -$ differing from conventional Weyl fermions. Our findings can be potentially extended to other fermionic systems carrying additional internal degrees of freedom.
↳ nucl-thcond-mat.str-elcond-mat.supr-conhep-ph+1PRL(2025)·5 citations
31*
Schwinger-Keldysh effective action for hydrodynamics with approximate symmetries
Masaru Hongo🇯🇵 · Noriyuki Sogabe🇺🇸 · Mikhail A. Stephanov🇺🇸 · Ho-Ung Yee🇺🇸
We study the hydrodynamic theories with approximate symmetries in the recently developed effective action approach on the Schwinger-Keldysh (SK) contour. We employ the method of spurious symmetry transformation for small explicit symmetry-breaking parameters to systematically constrain symmetry-breaking effects in the non-equilibrium effective action for hydrodynamics. We apply our method to the hydrodynamic theory of chiral symmetry in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at finite temperature and density and its explicit breaking by quark masses. We show that the spurious symmetry and the Kubo-Martin-Schwinger (KMS) relation dictate that the Ward-Takahashi identity for the axial symmetry, i.e., the partial conservation of axial vector current (PCAC) relation, contains a relaxational term proportional to the axial chemical potential, whose kinetic coefficient is at least of the second order in the quark mass. In the phase where the chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken, and the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone pions appear as hydrodynamic variables, this relaxation effect is subleading compared to the conventional pion mass term in the PCAC relation, which is of the first order in the quark mass. On the other hand, in the chiral symmetry-restored phase, we show that our relaxation term, which is of the second order in the quark mass, becomes the leading contribution to the axial charge relaxation. Therefore, the leading axial charge relaxation mechanism is parametrically different in the quark mass across a chiral phase transition.
↳ hep-thcond-mat.stat-mechhep-phnucl-thPRD(2026)·15 citations
32*
How neutron star properties disfavor a nuclear chiral density wave
Orestis Papadopoulos🇬🇧 · Andreas Schmitt🇬🇧
Cold and dense matter may break rotational symmetry spontaneously and thus form an anisotropic phase in the interior of neutron stars. We consider the concrete example of an anisotropic chiral condensate in the form of a chiral density wave. Employing a nucleon-meson model and taking into account fermionic vacuum fluctuations, we improve and extend previous results by imposing the conditions of electric charge neutrality and electroweak equilibrium, by allowing for a more general form of the vector meson self-interactions, and by including properties of pure neutron matter into the fit of the model parameters. We find that the conditions inside neutron stars postpone the onset of the chiral density wave to larger densities compared to isospin-symmetric nuclear matter. While this still allows for the construction of stars with an anisotropic core, we find that the chiral density wave is energetically preferred only in a corner of the parameter space where matter is too soft to generate stars with realistic masses. Therefore, taking into account constraints from astrophysical data, our calculation predicts an isotropic neutron star core.
↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·7 citations
33*
$ξ ~$ -attractors in metric-affine gravity
Antonio Racioppi🇪🇪
We propose a new class of inflationary attractors in metric-affine gravity. Such class features a non-minimal coupling $ξ ~ Ω (ϕ)$ with the Holst invariant $R ~$ and an inflaton potential proportional to $Ω (ϕ)^{2}$ . The attractor behaviour of the class takes place with two combined strong coupling limits. The first limit is realized at large $ξ ~$ , which makes the theory equivalent to a $R ~^{2}$ model. Then, the second limit considers a very small Barbero-Immirzi parameter which leads the inflationary predictions of the $R ~^{2}$ model towards the ones of Starobinsky inflation. Because of the analogy with the renown $ξ$ -attractors, we label this new class as $ξ ~$ -attractors.
↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·18 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.