Thu·Aug 29, 2024Thursday·August 29, 2024

1. 01*

   Production and in-medium modification of $\varphi$ mesons in proton-nucleus reactions from a transport approach

   Philipp Gubler🇯🇵 · Masaya Ichikawa🇯🇵 · Taesoo Song🇩🇪 · Elena Bratkovskaya🇩🇪

   Production and in-medium modification of hidden strange $\varphi$ mesons are studied in proton-nucleus reactions - p+C, p+Cu and p+Pb - at 12 GeV/c, partially measured by the KEK E325 collaboration via the dilepton decay mode. This work is based on the off-shell microscopic Parton-Hadron-String Dynamics (PHSD) transport approach, which provides the dynamical description of strongly interacting hadronic and partonic degrees of freedom in dense matter, and especially makes it possible to simulate in-medium off-shell dynamics of the $\varphi$ meson in the reactions studied. Different in-medium scenarios for the modification of the $\varphi$ meson spectral function in nuclear matter are investigated: i) dropping pole mass, ii) collisional broadening and iii) simultaneous dropping pole mass and collisional broadening. Even though the $\varphi$ meson production in p+A reactions occurs only at densities around or below normal nuclear matter density ${\rho }_0$, we find visible modifications of the generated dilepton spectra for the in-medium scenarios compared to the vacuum distribution.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2025)·14 citations
2. 02*

   Infrared properties of the quark-gluon vertex in general kinematics

   A. C. Aguilar🇧🇷 · M. N. Ferreira🇨🇳 · G. T. Linhares🇧🇷 · B. M. Oliveira🇧🇷 · J. Papavassiliou🇪🇸

   In the present work we determine the eight form factors of the transversely-projected quark-gluon vertex in general kinematics, in the context of Landau-gauge QCD with two degenerate light dynamical quarks. The study is based on the set of Schwinger-Dyson equations that govern the vertex form factors, derived within the formalism of the three-particle-irreducible (3PI) effective action. The analysis is performed by employing lattice data for the main ingredients, such as gluon and quark propagators, and three-gluon vertex. The numerical treatment is simplified by decoupling the system of integral equations: the classical form factor is determined from a single non-linear equation involving only itself, while the remaining ones are subsequently computed through simple integrations. The form factors are obtained for arbitrary values of space-like momenta, and their angular dependence is examined in detail. A clear hierarchy is established at the level of the corresponding dimensionless effective couplings, in agreement with results of earlier studies. Furthermore, the classical form factor is found to be in excellent agreement with recent unquenched lattice data in the soft-gluon configuration, while the two non-classical dressings depart substantially from the lattice results. Finally, the accurate implementation of multiplicative renormalizability is confirmed, and the transition from Minkoswski to Euclidean space is elucidated.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thEPJC(2024)·22 citations
3. 03*

   Renormalization-group running of dimension-8 four-fermion operators in the SMEFT

   Radja Boughezal🇺🇸 · Yingsheng Huang🇺🇸 · Frank Petriello🇺🇸

   We compute the renormalization-group equations governing the evolution of dimension-8 four-fermion operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We describe the calculation and present analytic results for both the full flavor structure of the SMEFT and with the assumption of minimal flavor violation. We present numerical results for the renormalization-group evolution of the coefficients, and study their impact on fits of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Drell-Yan data. The effects of running on the dimension-8 coefficients can reach 50\% or more when evolving from 10 TeV scale down to few-GeV energies relevant for the analysis of fixed-target data. However, the impact of the dimension-8 running on the analysis of Drell-Yan data from the LHC is minimal.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·21 citations
4. 04*

   Bounds on $a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{HVP},\mathrm{LO}}$ using Hölder's inequalities and finite-energy QCD sum rules

   Siyuan Li🇨🇦 · T.G. Steele🇨🇦 · J. Ho🇺🇸 · R. Raza🇨🇦 · K. Williams🇨🇦 · R.T. Kleiv🇨🇦

   This study establishes bounds on the leading-order (LO) hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon ($a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{HVP},\mathrm{LO}}$, $a_{\mu }=(g-2{)}_{\mu }/2$) by using Hölder's inequality and related inequalities in Finite-Energy QCD sum rules. Considering contributions from light quarks ($u,d,s$) up to five-loop order in perturbation theory within the chiral limit, leading-order light-quark mass corrections, next-to-leading order for dimension-four QCD condensates, and leading-order for dimension-six QCD condensates, the study finds QCD lower and upper bounds as $\left(657.0\pm 34.8\right)\times 10^{-10}\le a_{\mu }^{\mathrm{HVP},\mathrm{LO}}\le \left(788.4\pm 41.8\right)\times 10^{-10}$.

   hep-phNucl.Part.Phys.Proc.(2024)·1 citation
5. 05*

   $B_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}^{(\ast )}M$ decays in the presence of final-state interaction

   Albertus Hariwangsa Panuluh🇯🇵 · Satoshi Tanaka🇯🇵 · Hiroyuki Umeeda🇨🇳

   In light of the recent data for ${\bar{B}}_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}^{(\ast )}P$ and ${\bar{B}}_{(s)}\to D_{(s)}V$ decays, we perform a model-independent phenomenological analysis in the presence of quasi-elastic rescattering. With the Wilson coefficients including contributions beyond the standard model, lifetimes of $B$ meson as well as the $B_d^0-{\bar{B}}_d^0$ mixing are investigated for clarifying correlations among the observables. We show that parameter regions for quasi-elastic rescattering, the size of color-suppressed tree amplitudes and new physics are constrained due to the lifetime data. As a consequence, it is revealed that this scenario can be testable by the future LHCb measurement of width difference in $B_d^0-{\bar{B}}_d^0$ mixing and semi-leptonic CP asymmetry.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Phenomenological study of heavy neutral gauge boson in the left-right symmetric model at future muon collider

   Zongyang Lu🇨🇳 · Jianing Qin🇨🇳 · Honglei Li🇨🇳 · Zhi-Long Han🇨🇳 · Fei Huang🇨🇳 · Chun-Yuan Li🇨🇳 · Xing-Hua Yang🇨🇳 · Zhong-Juan Yang🇨🇳

   The exotic neutral gauge boson is a powerful candidate for the new physics beyond the standard model. As a promising model, the left-right symmetric model has been proposed to explain the neutrino mass, dark matter, and matter-antimatter asymmetry, etc., in which exotic gauge bosons $Z^{\prime },W^{\prime \pm }$ have been put forward as well as other new right-handed particles. We investigate the ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to q\bar{q}$ and ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\to l^{+}{l}^{-}$ processes involving the $Z^{\prime }$ boson as an intermediate particle. The coupling strength, decay width and mass are the key parameters on the production and decay processes of the $Z^{\prime }$ boson. The results indicate that the angular distributions of final particles are sensitive to the couplings of $Z^{\prime }$ to the other fermions. Asymmetries defined from the angular distributions are ideal quantities to demonstrate the discrepancy between the standard model process and the processes with $Z^{\prime }$ participated and they are also appropriate observables to discriminate the couplings of $Z^{\prime }$ to other particles. Compared with the current results at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the future muon collider has a great potential to explore the new parameter space with $Z^{\prime }$ boson.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·3 citations
7. 07*

   Investigating the $p$-$\Omega$ Interaction and Correlation Functions

   Ye Yan🇨🇳 · Qi Huang🇨🇳 · Youchang Yang🇨🇳 · Hongxia Huang🇨🇳 · Jialun Ping🇨🇳

   Motivated by experimental measurements, we investigate the $p$-$\Omega$ correlation functions and interactions on the basis of a quark model. By solving the inverse scattering problem with channel coupling, we renormalize the coupling to other channels into an effective single-channel $p$-$\Omega$ potentials. The effects of Coulomb interaction and spin-averaging are also discussed. According to our results, the depletion of the $p$-$\Omega$ correlation functions, which is attributed to the $J^P=2^{+}$ bound state not observed in the ALICE Collaboration's measurements [Nature \textbf{588}, 232 (2020)], can be explained by the contribution of the attractive $J^P=1^{+}$ component in spin-averaging. So far, we have provided a consistent description of the $p$-$\Omega$ system from the perspective of the quark model, including the energy spectrum, scattering phase shifts, and correlation functions. The existence of the $p$-$\Omega$ bound state has been supported by all three aspects. Additionally, a sign of the $p$-$\Omega$ correlation function's subtle sub-unity part can be seen in experimental measurements, which warrants more precise verification in the future.

   hep-phnucl-thSCPMA(2025)·15 citations
8. 08*

   Study of CP Violation in charm decays

   Felipe Cesário Laterza Lopes🇧🇷 · Patrícia Camargo Magalhães🇧🇷

   The violation of the Charge-Parity (CP) symmetry is a phenomenon described by the Standard Model (SM), however, its predictions for this violation are not enough to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the visible universe. Experimentally, CP violation in hadronic decays had already been observed in various circumstances before 2019, when the LHCb experiment at CERN first published results reporting CPV in D-meson decays [arXiv:1903.08726v2] ($D^0\to K^{-}{K}^{+}$ and $D^0\to {\pi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$). In this work, a study of CP violation is carried out analysing the phenomenology of charm decays. The study of such topic is guided by the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix and the process of flavour changing decays caused by the weak interaction (focusing on charm decays). The symmetries attributed to physical conservation laws were recognized, allowing for the possibilities of CP violation predicted by the SM to be examined more closely. Such theoretical studies are then compared to the results obtained by the LHCb Collaboration. Furthermore, a comparison between CPV in charm decays and in neutrino oscillations is made, analysing the CP violating phase in both the CKM and the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata (PMNS) matrices.

   hep-ph0 citations
9. 09*

   Self-Interacting Dark Matter and flavor anomalies in an atlas of leptophilic models

   Nicolás Gómez🇨🇴 · Andrés Castillo🇨🇴

   We consider an atlas of leptophilic models with non-universal charges that combine the quantum numbers \((L_e - L_{\mu})\) and \((L_{\mu} - L_{\tau})\) in various realizations. We explore diverse manifestations of the atlas to understand their impact on explaining the muon \((g-2)_{\mu}\) anomaly, as well as the origin of self-interacting dark matter, which serves as a feasible explanation for the small-scale challenges of cold dark matter. We found that a single vector gauge boson with mass range of $\sim 10\mathrm{MeV}$ and non-universal couplings as indicated successfully mediates interactions in the fermion and dark matter sectors in such a way that $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ additional contribution agrees with experimental constraints and the self-interacting dark matter fluid behaves as suggested by observations at different astrophysical length scales. Furthermore, the model requires a dark matter candidate within $10-100\mathrm{GeV}$ order mass and a strong dark coupling ($g_{\chi }\sim 0.3$, much stronger than the lepton's couplings $g_l^{\prime }\lesssim 10^{-4}$) to be a successful scenario to unravel astrophysical small scale problems.

   hep-ph0 citations
10. 10*

    Spin-dependent exotic interactions

    Lei Cong🇩🇪 · Wei Ji🇩🇪 · Pavel Fadeev🇩🇪 · Filip Ficek🇦🇹 · Min Jiang🇨🇳 · Victor V. Flambaum🇦🇺 · Haosen Guan🇨🇳 · Derek F. Jackson Kimball🇺🇸 · Mikhail G. Kozlov🇷🇺 · Yevgeny V. Stadnik🇦🇺 · Dmitry Budker🇩🇪

    Novel interactions beyond the four known fundamental forces in nature (electromagnetic, gravitational, strong and weak interactions), may arise due to "new physics" beyond the standard model, manifesting as a "fifth force". This review is focused on spin-dependent fifth forces mediated by exotic bosons such as spin-0 axions and axionlike particles and spin-1 Z' bosons, dark photons, or paraphotons. Many of these exotic bosons are candidates to explain the nature of dark matter and dark energy, and their interactions may violate fundamental symmetries. Spin-dependent interactions between fermions mediated by the exchange of exotic bosons have been investigated in a variety of experiments, particularly at the low-energy frontier. Experimental methods and tools used to search for exotic spin-dependent interactions, such as atomic comagnetometers, torsion balances, nitrogen-vacancy spin sensors, and precision atomic and molecular spectroscopy, are described. A complete set of interaction potentials, derived based on quantum field theory with minimal assumptions and characterized in terms of reduced coupling constants, are presented. A comprehensive summary of existing experimental and observational constraints on exotic spin-dependent interactions is given, illustrating the current research landscape and promising directions of further research.

    hep-phphysics.atom-phphysics.opticsquant-phRMP(2025)·75 citations
11. 11*

    Probing Dark Matter Electromagnetic Properties in Direct Detection Experiments

    Alejandro Ibarra🇩🇪 · Merlin Reichard🇩🇪 · Gaurav Tomar🇮🇳

    Astronomical and cosmological observations indicate that dark matter should interact very weakly with the electromagnetic radiation. Nevertheless, the existence of such interactions is not precluded by observations nor by theoretical considerations. A promising approach to probe the dark matter electromagnetic properties is through the search of photon-mediated dark matter-nucleus interactions in direct detection experiments. In this paper we present a simple methodology to calculate the scattering rate in a direct detection experiment for given values of the dark matter electric charge, charge radius, electric- and magnetic- dipole moments and anapole moment. In our work we include contributions to the scattering from nuclear recoils and from the Migdal effect. We finally apply this formalism to determine exclusion limits on the five electromagnetic interactions using data from XENON1T, LZ, PICO-60 and DS50 experiments, and we discuss the implications for a simplified dark matter model with t-channel mediators.

    hep-phJCAP(2025)·13 citations
12. 12*

    Limits on new strongly interacting matter from measurements of Transverse Energy-Energy Correlations at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV at the LHC

    Javier Llorente🇪🇸 · Eva Sánchez🇪🇸

    This work establishes 95% confidence level limits to models incorporating additional fermions sensitive to the strong interaction. Precision measurements of Transverse Energy-Energy Correlations at the ATLAS experiment are used, exploiting their dependence on the strong coupling constant to analyse the effects of introducing new fermions with colour charge on the Renormalisation Group Equation. The comparison between theoretical predictions, corrected up to next-to-next-to-leading order, and the data collected by ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV allows to constrain physics models proposing the existence of new fermions with masses up to 4 TeV, independently of assumptions on the fermion decay.

    hep-phPLB(2026)·2 citations
13. 13*

    Comprehensive study of axion photoproduction off the nucleon in chiral effective field theory

    Xiong-Hui Cao🇨🇳 · Zhi-Hui Guo🇨🇳

    We calculate the amplitudes of the axion photoproduction off the nucleon, i.e., $\gamma N\to aN$, within the framework of chiral effective field theory. Several different types of contributions are simultaneously included in our calculation, namely the nucleon exchanges up to next-to-leading order, the $a\gamma \gamma$ vertex and the vector meson exchanges in the $t$-channel. We utilize the existing hadronic inputs as much as possible to fix the unknown couplings. A comprehensive study of the phenomenological discussions is then provided in this work. Different mechanisms in the $\gamma N\to aN$ processes manifest distinct behaviors in the total and differential cross sections, which could provide useful quantities to distinguish different axion models.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
14. 14*

    The $g^6$ pressure of hot Yang-Mills theory: Canonical form of the integrand

    Pablo Navarrete🇫🇮 · York Schröder🇨🇱

    We present major progress towards the determination of the last missing piece for the pressure of a Yang-Mills plasma at high temperatures at order $g^6$ in the strong coupling constant. This order is of key importance due to its role in resolving the long-standing infrared problem of finite-temperature field theory within a dimensionally reduced effective field theory setup. By systematically applying linear transformations of integration variables, or momentum shifts, we resolve equivalences between different representations of Feynman sum-integrals. on the integrand level, transforming those into a canonical form. At the order $g^6$, this results in reducing a sum of O(100000) distinct sum-integrals which are produced from all four-loop vacuum diagrams down to merely 21. Furthermore, we succeed to map 11 of those onto known lower-loop structures. This leaves only 10 genuine 4-loop sum-integrals to be evaluated, thereby bringing the finalization of three decades of theoretical efforts within reach.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thJHEP(2024)·18 citations
15. 15*

    Modelling the underlying event in photon-initiated processes

    J.M. Butterworth🇬🇧 · I.M. Helenius🇫🇮 · J.J. Juan Castella🇬🇧 · B. Pattengale🇬🇧 · S. Sanjrani🇬🇧 · M. Wing🇬🇧

    Modelling the underlying event in high-energy hadronic collisions is important for physics at colliders. This includes lepton colliders, where low-virtuality photons accompanying the lepton beam(s) may develop hadronic structure. Similarly, photon-induced collisions also occur in proton or heavy-ion beam experiments. While the underlying event in proton-proton collisions has been the subject of much study at the LHC, studies of hadronic-photon-induced underlying event are now of increasing interest in light of planned future lepton and lepton-hadron colliders, as well as the photon-induced processes in ultra-peripheral collisions at the LHC. Here we present an investigation of the underlying event in photon-initiated processes, starting from the PYTHIA models used to describe LHC and Tevatron data, and revisiting HERA and LEP2 data. While no single tune describes all the data with different beam configurations, we find that a good agreement can still be found within the same model by adjusting the relevant parameters separately for $\gamma \gamma$, $\gamma p$ and $pp$. This suggests that the basic model of multiparton interaction implemented in PYTHIA can be applied for different beam configurations. Furthermore, we find that a reasonable agreement for $\gamma \gamma$ and $\gamma p$ data, and for $pp$ data at an LHC reference energy, can be found within a single parametrization, but $pp$ collisions would prefer a stronger energy dependence, leading to too many multiparton interactions in lower energy photon-induced collisions. On this basis, we make some recommendations for simulations of photon-induced processes, such as $\gamma \gamma$ events at the LHC or FCC and $ep$ or $eA$ collisions at the EIC, and suggest possibilities for improvements in the modelling.

    hep-phhep-exSciPost Phys.(2024)·5 citations
16. 16*

    Hybrid Type-II and Type-III seesaw model for the muon $g-2$ anomaly

    Lei Cai🇨🇳 · Chengcheng Han🇨🇳 · Shi-Ping He🇨🇳 · Peiwen Wu🇨🇳

    In this work we investigate the muon anomalous magnetic dipole moment $a_{\mu }$ in a model that extends the Standard Model with a scalar triplet and a lepton triplet. Different from previous studies, we find that there is still viable parameter space in this model to explain the discrepancy $\Delta a_{\mu }=a_{\mu }(\mathrm{Exp})-a_{\mu }(\mathrm{SM})$. While being consistent with the current data of neutrino mass, electroweak precision measurements and the perturbativity of couplings, our model can provide new physics contribution $a_{\mu }^{\text{NP}}$ to cover the central region of $\Delta a_{\mu }$ with new scalar and lepton mass as low as around TeV. This mass scale is allowed by the current collider searches for doubly charged scalars and the lepton triplet, and they can be tested at future high energy and/or high luminosity colliders.

    hep-phhep-exNPB(2025)·1 citation
17. 17*

    Investigating two-loop effects for first-order electroweak phase transitions

    Lauri Niemi🇫🇮 · Tuomas V.I. Tenkanen🇨🇳

    We study first-order electroweak phase transitions in the real-singlet extended Standard Model, for which non-zero mixing between the Higgs and the singlet can efficiently strengthen the transitions. We perform large-scale parameter space scans of the model using two-loop effective potential at next-to-next-to leading order in the high-temperature expansion, greatly improving description of phase transition thermodynamics over existing one-loop studies. We find that 1) two-loop corrections to the effective potential lead to narrower regions of strong first-order transitions and significantly smaller critical temperatures, 2) transitions involving a discontinuity in the singlet expectation value are significantly stronger at two-loop order, 3) high-temperature expansion is accurate for a wide range of parameter space that allows strong transitions, although it is less reliable for the very strongest transitions. These findings suggest revisiting past studies that connect the possibility of a first-order electroweak phase transition with future collider phenomenology.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·37 citations
18. 18*

    Investigation of Charged Higgs Bosons Production from Vector-Like $T$ Quark Decays at $e\gamma$ Collider

    Rachid Benbrik🇲🇦 · Mbark Berrouj🇲🇦 · Mohammed Boukidi (Polydisciplinary Faculty, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid, Safi, Morocco)🇲🇦

    Within the extended framework of the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model Type II (2HDM-II), enhanced by a vector-like quark (VLQ) doublet $TB$, we present a comprehensive analysis of the process $e^{-}\gamma \to b{\nu }_e\bar{T}$ at future high-energy $e\gamma$ colliders, focusing on the decays $\bar{T}\to H^{-}\bar{b}$ and $H^{-}\to \bar{t}b$. Using current theoretical and experimental constraints, we calculate production cross sections for both unpolarized and polarized beams at center-of-mass energies of $\sqrt{s}=2$ and 3 TeV, demonstrating that polarized beams significantly enhance detection prospects by increasing production rates. By analyzing kinematic distributions, we establish optimized selection criteria to effectively separate signal events from background. At $\sqrt{s}=2$ TeV with an integrated luminosity of 1500 fb${}^{-1}$, we find exclusion regions within $s_R^d\in [0.085,0.16]$ for $m_T\in [1000,1260]$ GeV and a discovery potential within $s_R^d\in [0.14,0.17]$ for $m_T\in [1000,1100]$ GeV, with these regions expanding to $s_R^d\in [0.05,0.15]$ for $m_T\in [1000,1340]$ GeV and $s_R^d\in [0.11,0.17]$ for $m_T\in [1000,1160]$ GeV at 3000 fb${}^{-1}$. At $\sqrt{s}=3$ TeV and 1500 fb${}^{-1}$, we identify exclusion regions of $s_R^d\in [0.055,0.135]$ for $m_T\in [1000,1640]$ GeV and discovery regions of $s_R^d\in [0.09,0.15]$ for $m_T\in [1000,1400]$ GeV, which further expand to $s_R^d\in [0.028,0.12]$ for $m_T\in [1000,1970]$ GeV and $s_R^d\in [0.04,0.122]$ for $m_T\in [1000,1760]$ GeV at 3000 fb${}^{-1}$. Our findings emphasize the increased detection potential at higher center-of-mass energies, particularly at 3 TeV compared to 2 TeV, with notable improvements when polarized beams are utilized. We also account for the effects of initial state radiation, beamstrahlung, and systematic uncertainties, which influence both exclusion and discovery prospects.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·13 citations
19. 19*

    Stochastic Dark Matter from Curvature Perturbations

    Raghuveer Garani🇮🇳 · Michele Redi🇮🇹 · Andrea Tesi🇮🇹

    We investigate the production of dark matter from curvature perturbations produced during inflation or in standard cosmology, for example during first order phase transitions. Perturbations break Weyl flatness of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric, allowing conformally coupled fields -- in particular fermions studied here -- to be produced even in the massless limit. Particle production can be computed by studying the Bogoliubov transformation induced by the stochastic background. For perturbations generated during inflation, we present a closed formula for the resulting abundance of particles that depends solely on the power spectrum of curvature perturbations at the end of inflation. This production mechanism can be dominant especially if the amplitude of curvature perturbations is enhanced for modes that exit the horizon towards the end of inflation. In the simplest scenario, the critical dark matter abundance is reproduced for $M\gtrsim 10^6$ GeV.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRL(2025)·9 citations
20. 20*

    Non-holomorphic Modular $S_4$ Lepton Flavour Models

    Gui-Jun Ding🇨🇳 · Jun-Nan Lu🇨🇳 · S. T. Petcov🇮🇹 · Bu-Yao Qu🇨🇳

    In the formalism of the non-supersymmetric modular invariance approach to the flavour problem the elements of the Yukawa coupling and fermion mass matrices are expressed in terms of polyharmonic Maaß modular forms of level $N$ in addition to the standard modula forms of the same level and a small number of constant parameters. Non-trivial polyharmonic Maaß forms exist for zero, negative and positive integer modular weights. Employing the finite modula group $S_4$ as a flavour symmetry group and assuming that the three left-handed lepton doublets furnish a triplet irreducible representation of $S_4$, we construct all possible 7- and 8-parameter lepton flavour models in which the neutrino masses are generated either by the Weinberg effective operator or by the type I seesaw mechanism. We identify the phenomenologically viable models and obtain predictions for each of these models for the neutrino mass ordering, the absolute neutrino mass scale, the Dirac and Majorana CP-violation phases and, correspondingly, for the sum of neutrino masses and the neutrinoless double beta decay effective Majorana mass. We comment on how these models can be tested and conclude that they are all falsifiable. Detailed analyses are presented in the case of three representative benchmark lepton flavour scenarios.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·39 citations
21. 21*

    Orbital Dynamics of the Solar Basin

    Cara Giovanetti🇺🇸 · Robert Lasenby🇺🇸 · Ken Van Tilburg🇺🇸

    We study the dynamics of the solar basin -- the accumulated population of weakly-interacting particles on bound orbits in the Solar System. We focus on particles starting off on Sun-crossing orbits, corresponding to initial conditions of production inside the Sun, and investigate their evolution over the age of the Solar System. A combination of analytic methods, secular perturbation theory, and direct numerical integration of orbits sheds light on the long- and short-term evolution of a population of test particles orbiting the Sun and perturbed by the planets. Our main results are that the effective lifetime of a solar basin at Earth's location is ${\tau }_{\mathrm{eff}}=1.20\pm 0.09\mathrm{Gyr}$, and that there is annual (semi-annual) modulation of the basin density with known phase and amplitude at the fractional level of 6.5% (2.2%). These results have important implications for direct detection searches of solar basin particles, and the strong temporal modulation signature yields a robust discovery channel. Our simulations can also be interpreted in the context of gravitational capture of dark matter in the Solar System, with consequences for any dark-matter phenomenon that may occur below the local escape velocity.

    hep-phastro-ph.EPastro-ph.SRhep-ex+1JHEP(2024)·5 citations
22. 22*

    Gravitino Thermal Production, Dark Matter, and Reheating of the Universe

    Helmut Eberl🇦🇹 · Ioannis D. Gialamas🇪🇪 · Vassilis C. Spanos🇺🇸

    We present a full one-loop calculation of the gravitino thermal production rate, beyond the so-called hard thermal loop approximation, using the corresponding thermal spectral functions in numerical form on both sides of the light cone. This framework requires a full numerical evaluation. We interpret our results within the framework of a general supergravity-based model, remaining agnostic about the specifics of supersymmetry breaking. In this context, assuming that gravitinos constitute the entirety of the dark matter in the Universe imposes strict constraints on the reheating temperature. For example, with a gluino mass at the current LHC limit, a maximum reheating temperature of $T_{\mathrm{reh}}\simeq 10^9$ GeV is compatible with a gravitino mass of $m_{3/2}\simeq 1$ TeV. Additionally, with a reheating temperature an order of magnitude lower at $T_{\mathrm{reh}}\simeq 10^8$ GeV, the common gaugino mass $M_{1/2}$ can range from $2$ to $4$ TeV within the same gravitino mass range. For much higher values of $M_{1/2}$, which are favored by current accelerator and cosmological data in the context of supersymmetric models, such as $M_{1/2}=10$ TeV, and for $m_{3/2}\simeq 1$ TeV the reheating temperature compatible with the gravitino dark matter scenario is $10^7$ GeV. If other dark matter particles are considered, the reheating temperature could be much lower.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJCAP(2025)·15 citations
23. 23*

    Discrete Leptonic Flavor Symmetries: UV Mediators and Phenomenology

    Ajdin Palavrić🇨🇭

    Given the absence of a definitive top-down indication for understanding the peculiar structure of the lepton sector, discrete flavor symmetries offer a profound perspective for examining the intricate patterns of lepton masses and mixings. In this work, drawing upon previous studies on the interplay of flavor symmetries with the potential UV completions from a purely bottom-up perspective, three well-motivated discrete flavor groups, suitable for portraying the leptonic sector as well as the neutrino masses, specifically $A_4$, $A_5$ and $S_4$, are explored within this framework, leading to the comprehensive classification of the NP mediators, along with the tree-level matching relations onto dimension-6 SMEFT operators. Particular emphasis is placed on the discrete leptonic directions, for which a phenomenological analysis is carried out in order to constrain various NP mediators, where significant focus is directed towards the examination of the cLFV operators, which, for the wide range of applicable cases, offer the leading constraint.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thPRD(2024)·18 citations
24. 24*

    Search for ultralight dark matter in the SuperMAG high-fidelity dataset

    Matt Friel🇺🇸 · Jesper W. Gjerloev🇺🇸 · Saarik Kalia🇺🇸 · Alvaro Zamora🇺🇸

    Ultralight dark matter, such as kinetically mixed dark-photon dark matter (DPDM) or axionlike-particle dark matter (axion DM), can source an oscillating magnetic-field signal at Earth's surface. Previous work searched for this signal in a publicly available dataset of global magnetometer measurements maintained by the SuperMAG collaboration. This ``low-fidelity" dataset reported measurements with a 1-minute time resolution, allowing the search to set leading direct constraints on DPDM and axion DM with Compton frequencies $f_{\mathrm{DM}}\le 1/(1\min )$ [corresponding to masses $m_{\mathrm{DM}}\le 7\times 10^{-17}\mathrm{eV}$]. More recently, a dedicated experiment undertaken by the SNIPE Hunt collaboration has also searched for this same signal at higher frequencies $f_{\mathrm{DM}}\ge 0.5\mathrm{Hz}$ (or $m_{\mathrm{DM}}\ge 2\times 10^{-15}\mathrm{eV}$). In this work, we search for this signal of ultralight DM in the SuperMAG ``high-fidelity" dataset, which features a 1-second time resolution, allowing us to probe the gap in parameter space between the low-fidelity dataset and the SNIPE Hunt experiment. The high-fidelity dataset exhibits lower geomagnetic noise than the low-fidelity dataset and features more data than the SNIPE Hunt experiment, making it a powerful probe of ultralight DM. Our search finds no robust DPDM or axion DM candidates. We set constraints on DPDM and axion DM parameter space for $10^{-3}\mathrm{Hz}\le f_{\mathrm{DM}}\le 0.98\mathrm{Hz}$ (or $4\times 10^{-18}\mathrm{eV}\le m_{\mathrm{DM}}\le 4\times 10^{-15}\mathrm{eV}$). Our results are the leading direct constraints on both DPDM and axion DM in this mass range, and our DPDM constraint surpasses the leading astrophysical constraint in a narrow range around $m_{A^{\prime }}\approx 2\times 10^{-15}\mathrm{eV}$.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·32 citations
25. 25*

    Exploring the impact of magnetic fields, Lorentz violation and EDM on $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to l^{+}{l}^{-}$ scattering

    D. S. Cabral🇧🇷 · A. F. Santos🇧🇷

    This paper explores the annihilation process of an electron-positron pair into a heavier lepton-antilepton pair, taking into account the presence of an external classical magnetic field. Additionally, it investigates corrections arising from the breakdown of Lorentz symmetries and the existence of Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) for leptons. Graphics are constructed to illustrate the influence of EDM and Lorentz violation on the cross section. Strong magnetic field limit is analyzed. Furthermore, the investigation utilizes experimental data on EDM values to explore the upper limits of the Lorentz violation parameters.

    hep-phhep-thEur.Phys.J.Plus(2024)·5 citations
26. 26*

    Traces of Quantum Gravity Effects at Late time Cosmological Dynamics via Distance Measures

    Maryam Roushan🇮🇷 · Narges Rashidi🇮🇷 · Kourosh Nozari🇮🇷

    Inspired by the entropy-area relation of black hole thermodynamics, we study the thermodynamics of cosmological apparent horizon in a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) universe in the framework of an Extended Uncertainty Principle (EUP). The adopted EUP naturally admits a minimal measurable momentum (equivalently a maximal measurable length), as an infrared cutoff in the theory. We derive the modified Friedmann equations in this setup and explore some predictions of these equations for the late time universe via distance measures. We show that in this framework it is possible to realize the late time cosmic speed-up and transition to the phantom phase of the equation of state parameter of the effective cosmic fluid without recourse to any dark energy component or modified gravity. Inspection of various distance measures in this framework shows that an EUP with a negative deformation parameter suffices for the interpretation of the late time asymptotically de Sitter universe with standard non-relativistic matter.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thApJ(2024)·5 citations
27. 27*

    Strongly Interacting Quark Matter in Massive Quark Stars

    Adamu Issifu🇧🇷 · Franciele M. da Silva🇧🇷 · Luis C. N. Santos🇧🇷 · Débora P. Menezes🇧🇷 · Tobias Frederico🇧🇷

    This paper investigates the properties of strongly coupled matter at high baryon densities (\(\rho_B\)) in quark stars (QSs). The QS model is based on the density-dependent quark mass (DDQM) framework, modified (MDDQM) by enhancing the single-gluon interaction to generate higher repulsive pressure. The model parameters are constrained using Bayesian inference, incorporating observational data from the pulsars HESS J1731$-$347, PSR J0030$+$0451, PSR J0740$+$6620, and PSR J0952$-$0607. Our results show that the MDDQM model produces QSs with higher mass and compactness compared to the DDQM model. Among the four MDDQM parameterizations studied, two yield maximum star masses of 1.86 and 2.10 \(\rm M_\odot\) and exhibit near-conformal behavior in the underlying quark matter (QM). The other two parameterizations, yielding QS masses of 2.30 and 2.37 \(\rm M_\odot\), correspond to a stronger interaction in the underlying QM. These findings provide important insights into the equation of state of deconfined QM and its implications for the structure and stability of QSs.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph2 citations
28. 28*

    Probing Lorentz invariance with a high-energy neutrino flare

    Mauricio Bustamante🇩🇰 · John Ellis🇬🇧 · Rostislav Konoplich🇺🇸 · Alexander S. Sakharov🇺🇸

    Time-of-flight measurements of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos can be used to probe Lorentz invariance, a pillar of modern physics. If Lorentz-invariance violation (LIV) occurs, it could cause neutrinos to slow down, with the delay scaling linearly or quadratically with their energy. We introduce non-parametric statistical methods designed to detect LIV-induced distortions in the temporal structure of a high-energy neutrino flare as it travels to Earth from a distant astrophysical source, independently of the intrinsic timing properties of the source. Our approach, illustrated using the 2014/2015 TeV-PeV neutrino flare from the blazar TXS 0506+056 detected by IceCube, finds that the LIV energy scale must exceed 10^{14} GeV (linear) or 10^9 GeV (quadratic). Our methods provide a robust means to investigate LIV by focusing solely on a neutrino flare, without relying on electromagnetic counterparts, and account for realistic energy and directional uncertainties. For completeness, we compare our limits inferred from TXS 0506+056 to the sensitivity inferred from multi-messenger detection of tentative coincidences between neutrinos and electromagnetic emission from active galactic nuclei and tidal disruption events.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-exhep-ph+1PRD(2025)·5 citations
29. 29*

    A geometric phase approach to quark confinement from stochastic gauge-geometry flows

    Torsten Asselmeyer-Maluga · Antonino Marciano🇮🇹 · Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪 · Emanuele Zappala🇺🇸

    We apply a stochastic version of the geometric (Ricci) flow, complemented with the stochastic flow of the gauge Yang--Mills sector, in order to seed the chromo-magnetic and chromo-electric vortices that source the area-law for QCD confinement. The area-law is the key signature of quark confinement in Yang--Mills gauge theories with a non-trivial center symmetry. In particular, chromo-magnetic vortices enclosed within the chromo-electric Wilson loops instantiate the area-law asymptotic behaviour of the Wilson loop vacuum expectation values. The stochastic gauge-geometry flow is responsible for the topology changes that induce the appearance of the vortices. When vortices vanish, due to topology changes in the manifolds associated to the hadronic ground states, the evaluation of the Wilson loop yields a dependence on the length of the path, hence reproducing the perimeter law of the hadronic (Higgs) phase of real QCD. Confinement, instead, is naturally achieved within this context as a by-product of the topology change of the manifold over which the dynamics of the Yang--Mills fields is defined. It is then provided by the Aharonov--Bohm effect induced by the concatenation of the compact chromo-electric and chromo-magnetic fluxes originated by the topology changes. The stochastic gauge-geometry flow naturally accomplishes a treatment of the emergence of the vortices and the generation of turbulence effects. Braiding and knotting, resulting from topology changes, namely stochastic fluctuations, stabilize the chromo-magnetic vortices. Finally, we observe that dimensional transmutation for the Yang-Mills fields can be derived from the scaling property of the geometric part of the stochastic flow. Specifically, a relation that involves the infrared equilibrium limit of the Planck constant can be derived that yields the correct order of magnitude for ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{QCD}}$.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-ph0 citations
30. 30*

    Electron Scattering at the Intensity Frontier with SoLID

    Zein-Eddine Meziani🇺🇸

    The Solenoidal Large Intensity Device (SoLID) is a large acceptance spectrometer capable of operating at the luminosity frontier. It is proposed to fully exploit the scientific potential of the continuous electron beam accelerator facility (CEBAF) 12 GeV energy upgrade at Jefferson Lab. Its conceptual design is mature, having passed multiple reviews and been validated by a successful pre-R\&D phase. The envisioned scientific program consists of three avenues of research, namely the 3D momentum imaging of the structure of the nucleon, the origin of the proton mass through the gluonic gravitational form factors (GFFs), and the search of physics beyond the standard model of particle physics. These avenues are complemented by a growing supplemental list of run group experiments that address a variety of important topics.

    ↳ physics.ins-dethep-exhep-phnucl-exPoS(2025)·1 citation
31. 31*

    Boson Cloud Atlas: Direct mass measurements of superradiance clouds near black holes

    Majed Khalaf🇮🇱 · Eric Kuflik🇮🇱 · Alessandro Lenoci🇮🇱 · Nicholas Chamberlain Stone🇮🇱

    Ultralight scalars emerge naturally in several motivated particle physics scenarios and are viable candidates for dark matter. While laboratory detection of such bosons is challenging, their existence in nature can be imprinted on measurable properties of astrophysical black holes (BHs). The phenomenon of superradiance can convert the BH spin kinetic energy into a bound cloud of scalars. In this letter, we propose a new technique for directly measuring the mass of a dark cloud around a spinning BH. We compare the measurement of the BH spin obtained with two independent electromagnetic techniques: continuum fitting and iron K$\alpha$ spectroscopy. Since the former technique depends on a dynamical observation of the BH mass while the latter does not, a mismatch between the two measurements can be used to infer the presence of additional extended mass around the BH. We find that a precision of $\sim 1\%$ on the two spin measurements is required to exclude the null hypothesis of no dark mass around the BH at a 2$\sigma$ confidence level for dark masses about a few percent of the BH mass, as motivated in some superradiance scenarios.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2026)·8 citations
32. 32*

    Higher-order gaugino condensates on a twisted ${\mathbb{T}}^4$: In the beginning was semi-classics

    Mohamed M. Anber🇬🇧 · Erich Poppitz🇨🇦

    We compute the gaugino condensates, $⟨{\prod }_{i=1}^k\text{tr}(\lambda \lambda )(x_i)⟩$ for $1$ $\le$ $k$ $\le$ $N-1$, in $SU(N)$ super Yang-Mills theory on a small four-dimensional torus ${\mathbb{T}}^4$, subject to 't Hooft twisted boundary conditions. Two recent advances are crucial to performing the calculations and interpreting the result: the understanding of generalized anomalies involving $1$-form center symmetry and the construction of multi-fractional instantons on the twisted ${\mathbb{T}}^4$. These self-dual classical configurations have topological charge $k/N$ and can be described as a sum over $k$ closely packed lumps in an instanton liquid. Using the path integral formalism, we perform the condensate calculations in the semi-classical limit and find, assuming gcd$(k,N)=1$, $⟨{\prod }_{i=1}^k\text{tr}(\lambda \lambda )(x_i)⟩={\mathbf{n}}^{-1}{N}^2{\left(16{\pi }^2{\Lambda }^3\right)}^k$, where $\Lambda$ is the strong-coupling scale and $\mathbf{n}$ is a normalization constant. We determine the normalization constant, using path integral, as $\mathbf{n}=N^2$, which is $N$ times larger than the normalization used in our earlier publication arXiv:2210.13568. This finding resolves the extra-factor-of-$N$ discrepancy encountered there, aligning our results with those obtained through direct supersymmetric methods on ${\mathbb{R}}^4$. The normalization constant $\mathbf{n}$ can be understood within the Euclidean path-integral framework as the Witten index $I_W$. From the Hamiltonian approach, it is well-established that $I_W=N$. While the value $\mathbf{n}=N^2$ correctly reproduces the condensate result, this discrepancy between the Hamiltonian and path-integral formulations calls for reconciliation. We attempt to provide a potential solution we outline in our discussion.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phJHEP(2025)·14 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.