Fri·Aug 9, 2024Friday·August 9, 2024

1. 01*

   New results in the CTEQ-TEA global analysis of parton distributions in the nucleon

   A. Ablat🇨🇳 · A. Courtoy🇲🇽 · S. Dulat🇨🇳 · M. Guzzi🇺🇸 · T.J. Hobbs🇺🇸 · T.-J. Hou🇨🇳 · J. Huston🇺🇸 · K. Mohan🇺🇸 · H.-W. Lin🇺🇸 · P. Nadolsky🇺🇸 · I. Sitiwaldi🇨🇳 · K. Xie🇺🇸 · M. Yan🇨🇳 · C.-P. Yuan🇺🇸

   This report summarizes the latest developments in the CTEQ-TEA global analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the nucleon. The focus is on recent NNLO fits to high-precision LHC data at 8 and 13 TeV, including Drell-Yan, jet, and top-quark pair production, pursued on the way toward the release of the new generation of CTEQ-TEA general-purpose PDFs. The report also discusses advancements in statistical and numerical methods for PDF determination and uncertainty quantification, highlighting the importance of robust and replicable uncertainties for high-stakes observables. Additionally, it covers phenomenological studies related to PDF determination, such as the interplay of experimental constraints, exploration of correlations between high-$x$ nucleon sea and low-energy parity-violating measurements, fitted charm in the nucleon, the photon PDF in the neutron, and simultaneous SMEFT-PDF analyses.

   hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2024)·19 citations
2. 02*

   Superradiant Interactions of the Cosmic Neutrino Background, Axions, Dark Matter, and Reactor Neutrinos

   Asimina Arvanitaki🇨🇦 · Savas Dimopoulos🇨🇦 · Marios Galanis🇨🇦

   In this paper we do three things. First, we outline the conditions under which the interaction rate of inelastic processes that change the internal state of a system of $N$ targets scales as $N^2$. This is an effect distinct from coherent elastic scattering, but with the same scaling. Second, we compute rates for such processes for various weakly interacting particles. Finally, we point to potential quantum observables for these processes, beyond energy exchange. Maximal coherence in inelastic processes is achieved when the targets are placed in an equal superposition of the ground and excited states. These coherent inelastic processes are analogous to Dicke superradiance, and we thus refer to them as superradiant interactions. We compute the superradiant interaction rates for the Cosmic Neutrino Background (C$\nu$B), dark matter scattering and absorption, and late-universe particles, such as reactor neutrinos, when the two-level system is realized by nuclear or electron spins in a magnetic field. The rates can be sizeable on macroscopic yet small targets. For example, the C$\nu$B interacts with a rate of $\mathcal{O}(\text{Hz})$ when scattering off a 10~cm liquid or solid-state density spin-polarized sphere, a $\mathcal{O}(10^{21})$ enhancement compared to the incoherent contribution. For QCD axion dark matter, similar rates can be achieved with much smaller samples, $N\sim \mathcal{O}(10^{15}){\left(\frac{m}{2\times 10^{-8}\text{eV}}\right)}^{-1/2}$, where $m$ is the axion mass. Using the Lindblad formalism, we show that these superradiant interactions can manifest as a source of noise on the system. This points to new observables, sensitive to the sum of the excitation and de-excitation rates, and can be viewed as introducing diffusion and decoherence to the system. The effects presented in this paper may point to a new class of ultra-low threshold detectors.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thquant-phPRD(2025)·14 citations
3. 03*

   Schwinger pair production in counterpropagating laser pulses: Identifying volume factors

   A. G. Tkachev🇷🇺 · I. A. Aleksandrov🇷🇺 · V. M. Shabaev🇷🇺

   We investigate the nonperturbative process of vacuum pair production in a combination of two counterpropagating linearly polarized laser pulses of a finite spatial extent. By means of the locally-constant field approximation (LCFA), we calculate the total particle yield for the corresponding four-dimensional setup and compare it with the estimates obtained for simplified low-dimensional scenarios. Within the domain where the LCFA is well justified, we examine a combination of two plane-wave pulses, a standing electromagnetic wave, and a spatially uniform oscillating field and demonstrate that at each of these three levels of approximation, one can accurately predict the actual particle number by multiplying the results by properly chosen volume factors depending on the field parameters. We present closed-form expressions for these factors providing universal prescriptions for evaluating the particle yield. Our final formula connecting the spatially uniform setup with the four-dimensional scenario has a relative uncertainty of the level of $10\%$. The explicit correspondences deduced in this study not only prove the relevance of the approximate predictions, but also allow one to quickly estimate the number of pairs for various realistic scenarios without performing multidimensional LCFA integrations.

   hep-phquant-phPRA(2025)·5 citations
4. 04*

   Axions, Photons and Physics Beyond the Standard Model

   Jefferson Mendes Aguiar Paixão🇧🇷

   In this thesis, we re-assess some aspects of axionic electrodynamics by coupling non-linear electromagnetic effects to axion physics. We present a number of motivations to justify the coupling of the axion to the photon in terms of a general non-linear extension of the electromagnetic sector. Our emphasis in the paper relies on the investigation of the constitutive permittivity and permeability tensors, for which the axion contribution introduces a dependence on the frequency and wave vector of the propagating radiation. Also, we point out how the axion mass and the axion-photon coupling constant contribute to a dispersive behavior of the electromagnetic waves, in contrast to what happens in the case of non-linear extensions, when effective refractive indices appear which depend only on the direction of the propagation with respect to the external fields. The axion changes this picture by yielding refractive indices with dependence on the wavelength. We apply our results to the special case of the Born-Infeld Electrodynamics and we show that it becomes birefringent whenever the axion is coupled. We also include in our analysis the Lorentz violation phenomenon through a Carroll-Field-Jackiw term, where we investigate the influence of this sector on the dispersion relations, and consequently, on the optical phenomena.

   hep-phhep-th2 citations
5. 05*

   X(2370) glueball-like particle productions in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions at the BESIII energy and in pp collisions at the LHC energy with PACIAE model

   Jian Cao🇨🇳 · Zhi-Lei She🇨🇳 · Jin-Peng Zhang🇨🇳 · Jia-Hao Shi🇨🇳 · Zhi-Ying Qin🇨🇳 · Wen-Chao Zhang🇨🇳 · Hua Zheng🇨🇳 · An-Ke Lei🇨🇳 · Dai-Mei Zhou🇨🇳 · Yu-Liang Yan🇨🇳 · Ben-Hao Sa🇨🇳

   Inspired by the BESIII newest observation of X(2370) glueball-like particle, we search its productions in both $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 4.95 GeV and proton-proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with a parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE. In this model, the final partonic state (FPS) and the final hadronic state (FHS) are consecutively simulated and recorded. The X(2370) glueball- or tetraquark-state is then, respectively, recombined by two gluons or four quarks $ss\bar{s}\bar{s}$ in the FPS using the quantum statistical mechanics inspired dynamically constrained phase-space coalescence (DCPC) model. The X(2370) molecular-state is recombined by the baryon-antibaryon of $\Lambda$-$\bar{\Lambda }$ or $\Sigma$-$\bar{\Sigma }$, or by three mesons of ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\eta }^{\prime }$, $K^{+}{K}^{-}{\eta }^{\prime }$, or $K_S^0{K}_S^0{\eta }^{\prime }$ in the FHS using DCPC model. In both $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ and pp collisions, significant discrepancies in the yields, the transverse momentum spectra and the rapidity distributions among the X(2370) glueball-, tetraquark-, and molecular-state are observed. These discrepancies are proposed as valuable criteria identifying the X(2370) different states from each other. Our results not only support the BESIII observation of glueball-like particle $\mathrm{X}(2370)$ production in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions, but also serve as a prediction for the $\mathrm{X}(2370)$ production in pp collisions. We strongly suggest the experimental measurement of the X(2370) glueball-like particle production in pp collisions at the LHC energies.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·11 citations
6. 06*

   On convergence properties of GPD expansion through Mellin/conformal moments and orthogonal polynomials

   Hao-Cheng Zhang🇨🇳 · Xiangdong Ji🇺🇸

   We examine convergence properties of reconstructing the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) through the universal moment parameterization (GUMP). We provide a heuristic explanation for the connection between the formal summation/expansion and the Mellin-Barnes integral in the literature, and specify the exact convergence condition. We derive an asymptotic condition on the conformal moments of GPDs to satisfy the boundary condition at $x=1$ and subsequently develop an approximate formula for GPDs when $x>\xi$. Since experimental observables constraining GPDs can be expressed in terms of double or even triple summations involving their moments, scale evolution factors, and Wilson coefficients, etc., we propose a method to handle the ordering of the multiple summations and convert them into multiple Mellin-Barnes integrals via analytical continuations of integer summation indices.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thNPB(2025)·3 citations
7. 07*

   Production mechanism of the hidden charm pentaquark states $P_{c\bar{c}}$

   Samson Clymton🇰🇷 · Hyun-Chul Kim🇰🇷 · Terry Mart🇮🇩

   We investigate hidden-charm pentaquark states using an off-shell coupled-channel formalism involving heavy meson and singly heavy baryon scattering. Our approach utilizes an effective Lagrangian to construct the kernel amplitudes, which respect both heavy quark symmetry and hidden local symmetry. After solving the coupled integral equations, we obtain the transition amplitudes for $J/\psi N$ scattering and various heavy meson and singly heavy baryon scattering processes. We identify seven distinct peaks related to molecular states of heavy mesons $\bar{D}$ (${\bar{D}}^{\ast }$) and singly heavy baryons ${\Sigma }_c$ (${\Sigma }_c^{\ast }$). Four of these peaks can be associated with the known $P_{c\bar{c}}$ states: $P_{c\bar{c}}(4312)$, $P_{c\bar{c}}(4380)$, $P_{c\bar{c}}(4440)$, and $P_{c\bar{c}}(4457)$. We predict two additional resonances with masses around 4.5 GeV, which we interpret as ${\overline{D}}^{\ast }{\Sigma }_c^{\ast }$ molecular states, and identify one cusp structure. Additionally, we predict two $P$-wave pentaquark states with positive parity, which may be candidates for genuine pentaquark configurations. Notably, these pentaquark states undergo significant modifications in the $J/\psi N$ elastic channel, with some even disappearing due to interference from the positive parity channel. The present investigation may provide insight into the absence of pentaquark states in $J/\psi$ photoproduction observed by the GlueX collaboration.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·16 citations
8. 08*

   Distinguishing Beyond-Standard Model Effects in Neutrino Oscillation

   A. Calatayud-Cadenillas🇵🇪 · A. Pérez-G🇵🇪 · A. M. Gago🇵🇪

   We systematically assess the DUNE experiment's ability to distinguish between various beyond-standard neutrino oscillation hypotheses pair combinations. For a pair comparison, we evaluate the statistical separation, where one hypothesis plays the role of the true signal while the other corresponds to the test signal. The beyond-standard neutrino oscillation hypotheses under scrutiny include neutrino decay (invisible and visible), non-standard interactions, quantum decoherence, and the violation of the equivalence principle. When taken as the true model, we found that either quantum decoherence or the violation of the equivalence principle are the easiest to differentiate compared to the rest of the hypotheses. Additionally, from our statistical test, we investigate potential discrepancies between the measured CP-violation phase ${\delta }_{CP}$ relative to its true value, which could occur for a given comparison. In our analysis, we will take the true values of ${\delta }_{CP}$ as $-90^{\circ }$ and $180^{\circ }$. Notably, even in cases where the beyond-standard neutrino oscillation hypotheses scenarios are statistically indistinguishable, the measured value can exhibit significant deviations from its true value.

   hep-phPLB(2025)·7 citations
9. 09*

   Resummation of threshold double logarithms in hadroproduction of heavy quarkonium

   Hee Sok Chung🇰🇷 · U-Rae Kim🇰🇷 · Jungil Lee🇰🇷

   We resum threshold double logarithms that appear in inclusive production of heavy quarkonium. This resolves the catastrophic failure of fixed-order perturbation theory where quarkonium cross sections at large transverse momentum can turn negative due to large radiative corrections. We find that resummation is imperative for describing measured prompt production rates of $J/\psi$ at large transverse momentum.

   hep-phPRL(2025)·10 citations
10. 10*

    Spin polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons along beam direction in p+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV using hydrodynamic approaches

    Cong Yi🇨🇳 · Xiang-Yu Wu🇨🇦 · Jie Zhu🇨🇳 · Shi Pu🇨🇳 · Guang-You Qin🇨🇳

    We have implemented the 3+1 dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics model with TRENTO-3D initial conditions to investigate the spin polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons along the beam direction in p+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=8.16$ TeV. Following our previous theoretical framework based on quantum kinetic theory, we consider three different scenarios: $\Lambda$ equilibrium, $s$ quark equilibrium, and iso-thermal equilibrium scenarios. We have computed the second Fourier sine coefficients of spin polarization along the beam direction, denoted as $⟨P_z\sin 2({\varphi }_p-{\Psi }_2)⟩$, with ${\varphi }_p-{\Psi }_2$ being the azimuthal angle relative to the second-order event plane ${\Psi }_2$, as functions of multiplicity, transverse momentum and pseudo-rapidity in the three scenarios. Additionally, we have also computed the spin polarization along the beam direction, $P_z$, as a function of the azimuthal angle. We find that the spin polarization induced by thermal vorticity always provides an opposite contribution compared to the shear-induced polarization in p+Pb collisions. The total spin polarization computed by the current hydrodynamic model disagrees with the data measured by LHC-CMS experiments. Our findings imply that other non-flow effects may play a crucial role in p+Pb collisions.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2025)·17 citations
11. 11*

    Speed of sound and isothermal compressibility in a magnetized quark matter with anomalous magnetic moment of quarks

    Rajkumar Mondal🇮🇳 · Sourav Duari🇮🇳 · Nilanjan Chaudhuri🇮🇳 · Sourav Sarkar🇮🇳 · Pradip Roy🇮🇳

    We study the characteristics of quark matter under the influence of a background magnetic field with anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) of quarks at finite temperature and quark chemical potential in the framework of Polyakov loop extended Nambu Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. In presence of a magnetic field, the speed of sound and isothermal compressibility become anisotropic with respect to the direction of the background magnetic field, splitting into parallel and perpendicular directions with respect to the magnetic field. Though the qualitative nature of parallel and perpendicular components of squared speed of sound appear similar, they differ in magnitude at lower values of temperature. The parallel and perpendicular components of isothermal compressibility decrease with increasing temperature, indicating a trend towards increased incompressible strongly interacting matter. On inclusion of the AMM of quarks, the perpendicular component of isothermal compressibility becomes greater than the parallel component. Additionally, we investigate the quark number susceptibility normalized by its value at zero magnetic field, which may indicate the presence of magnetic fields in the system.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·10 citations
12. 12*

    Global Fits in the Supersymmetric Georgi-Machacek Model

    Yingnan Xu🇨🇳

    We study a supersymmetric extension of the SM with Higgs triplets in the scalar sector. We begin with a review of the SM, particularly the Higgs mechanism. In the SM, the Higgs mechanism requires the presence of a complex Higgs doublet to break the electroweak symmetry and endow particles with a mass; this process is called Electroweak Symmetry Breaking. Although this is the simplest possibility, higher scalar representations may also contribute to the EWSB. The extent to which these higher representations contribute to EWSB is constrained by precise measurements of the $rho$ parameter. The model must predict $\rho =1$ at tree level. It is a fortuitous circumstance that simple doublet representations satisfy this requirement exactly. The underlying reason is that models with doublets satisfy an accidental custodial symmetry. Therefore, one can add any number of scalar doublets and still satisfy this experimental constraint. For higher representations, it is a bit trickier to maintain the custodial symmetry. We study in this work a supersymmetric model that incorporates triplet representations and satisfies the custodial symmetry. The non-supersymmetric Gorgi-Machacek model is one example of a custodial invariant model of SSB with Higgs triplets. However, the GM model has a fine-tuning problem beyond that of the SM. The solution to both issues is the Supersymmetric Custodial Triplet Model. The supersymmetric GM model arises as a low energy limit of the SCTM. It is this model that we study here. We make use of public code, GMCalc and HiggsTools, to perform global fits to the parameters of this model and obtain limits on model parameters at the $95$ confidence level. For these hypothetical scalars, we identify the dominant decay channels and extract bounds on their branching ratios. We also examine the possible presence of a 95 GeV Higgs Boson in the SGM.

    hep-ph2 citations
13. 13*

    Dirac Algebra Formalism for Two Higgs Doublet Models: the One-Loop Effective Potential

    Apostolos Pilaftsis🇬🇧

    We present a novel covariant bilinear formalism for the Two Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM) which utilises the Dirac algebra associated with the SL(2,C) group that acts on the scalar doublet field space. This Dirac-algebra approach enables us to obtain a fully O(1,3)-covariant and IR-safe expression for the one-loop effective potential. We illustrate how the formalism can be used to evaluate the breaking of global symmetries of the 2HDM potential by loop effects, in a field-reparameterisation invariant manner.

    hep-phPLB(2025)·13 citations
14. 14*

    Resonant conversion of axion dark radiation into terahertz electromagnetic radiation in a neutron star magnetosphere

    Andrew J. Long🇺🇸 · Enrico D. Schiappacasse🇨🇱

    In the strong magnetic field of a neutron star's magnetosphere, axions coupled to electromagnetism develop a nonzero probability to convert into photons. Past studies have revealed that the axion-photon conversion can be resonantly enhanced. We recognize that the axion-photon resonance admits two parametrically distinct resonant solutions, which we call the mass-matched resonance and the Euler-Heisenberg assisted resonance. The mass-matched resonance occurs at a point in the magnetosphere where the radially-varying plasma frequency crosses the axion mass ${\omega }_{\mathrm{pl}}\approx m_a$. The Euler-Heisenberg assisted resonance occurs where the axion energy satisfies $\omega \approx (2{\omega }_{\mathrm{pl}}^2/7g_{\gamma \gamma \gamma \gamma }{\bar{B}}^2{)}^{1/2}$. This second resonance is made possible though the strong background magnetic field $\bar{B}$ as well as the nonzero Euler-Heisenberg four-photon self interaction, which has the coupling $g_{\gamma \gamma \gamma \gamma }=8{\alpha }^2/45m_e^4$. We study the resonant conversion of relativistic axion dark radiation into photons via the Euler-Heisenberg assisted resonance, and we calculate the expected electromagnetic radiation assuming different values for the axion-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma \gamma }$ and different amplitudes for the axion flux onto the neutron star ${\Phi }_a$. We briefly discuss several possible sources of axion dark radiation. Achieving a sufficiently strong axion flux to induce a detectable electromagnetic signal seems unlikely.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·14 citations
15. 15*

    Interference Resurrection of the $\tau$ Dipole through Quantum Tomography

    Prisco Lo Chiatto🇩🇪

    Helicity selection rules can suppress the leading contributions from dimension-6 operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), reducing sensitivity to potential new physics. This paper explores how the interference contributions from the $\tau$ lepton's anomalous dipole moment are restored in different observable, in particular comparing the sensitivity to SMEFT operators of quantum information observables and more traditional spin correlations. We compute the sensitivity of various observables-including entanglement measures, Bell inequality violations, and quantum uncertainties-to new physics effects using Monte Carlo simulations. Spin correlation observables are found to outperform both the integrated cross-section and quantum information observables in sensitivity to both $CP$-conserving and -violating effects, improving the sensitivity to the scale of new physics by up to a factor of 3. Our results suggest that quantum information observables are suboptimal probes for resurrecting the interference, and more in general to disentangle the $CP$ properties of new physics

    hep-phPRD(2025)·26 citations
16. 16*

    Effective Kähler and auxiliary field potentials for chiral superfield models at three loops

    Stephen P. Martin🇺🇸

    I obtain the effective Kähler potential at three-loop order for a general renormalizable supersymmetric theory containing only chiral supermultiplets. The three-loop contribution is remarkably simple, consisting of only four terms involving three distinct renormalized master integrals. In the case of the Wess-Zumino model with a single chiral superfield, I also obtain the effective auxiliary field potential at three-loop order, extending previous results at one-loop order. The method used is inferential, relying on existing knowledge of the ordinary scalar effective potential.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
17. 17*

    Axion production via trapped misalignment from Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking

    Luca Di Luzio🇮🇹 · Philip Sørensen🇮🇹

    The Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry does not need to be exact, and even a tiny source of PQ breaking not aligned with the QCD anomaly might have significant phenomenological implications. In this study, we examine the effects of a general class of PQ-breaking operators on the axion cosmological production via misalignment, focussing on both temperature-dependent and independent PQ-breaking potentials. In particular, we show that a variant of the trapped misalignment mechanism can delay the onset of axion oscillation, leading to an axion dark matter window with $m_a\gg 10^{-5}$ eV. This scenario is testable through various experimental approaches, including standard axion haloscopes and helioscopes, as well as searches for electric dipole moments and axion-mediated forces.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2024)·21 citations
18. 18*

    A Quantum Description of Wave Dark Matter

    Dhong Yeon Cheong🇰🇷 · Nicholas L. Rodd🇺🇸 · Lian-Tao Wang🇺🇸

    We outline a fundamentally quantum description of bosonic dark matter (DM) from which the conventional classical-wave picture emerges in the limit $m\ll 10\text{eV}$. As appropriate for a quantum system, we start from the density matrix which encodes the full information regarding the possible measurements we could make of DM and their fluctuations. Following fundamental results in quantum optics, we argue that for DM it is most likely that the density matrix takes the explicitly mixed form of a Gaussian over the basis of coherent states. Deviations from this would generate non-Gaussian fluctuations in DM observables, allowing a direct probe of the quantum state of DM. Our quantum optics inspired approach allows us to rigorously define and interpret various quantities that are often only described heuristically, such as the coherence time or length. The formalism further provides a continuous description of DM through the wave-particle transition, which we exploit to study how density fluctuations over various physical scales evolve between the two limits and to reveal the unique behavior of DM near the boundary of the wave and particle descriptions.

    hep-phhep-exquant-phPRD(2025)·46 citations
19. 19*

    Dancing with invisible partners: Three-body exchanges with primordial black holes

    Badal Bhalla🇺🇸 · Benjamin V. Lehmann🇺🇸 · Kuver Sinha🇺🇸 · Tao Xu🇺🇸

    The abundance of massive primordial black holes has historically been constrained by dynamical probes. Since these objects can participate in hard few-body scattering processes, they can readily transfer energy to stellar systems, and, in particular, can disrupt wide binaries. However, disruption is not the only possible outcome of such few-body processes. Primordial black holes could also participate in exchange processes, in which one component of a binary system is ejected and replaced by the black hole itself. In this case, the remaining object in the binary would dynamically appear to have an invisible companion. We study the rate of exchange processes for primordial black holes as a component of dark matter and evaluate possible mechanisms for detecting such binaries. We find that many such binaries plausibly exist in the Solar neighborhood, and show that this process can account for observed binary systems whose properties run counter to the predictions of isolated binary evolution.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcPRD(2025)·9 citations
20. 20*

    Probing (Ultra-) Light Dark Matter Using Synchrotron Based Mössbauer Spectroscopy

    Abhishek Banerjee🇺🇸

    We propose to search for (ultra)-light scalar dark matter (DM) using synchrotron radiation based Mössbauer spectroscopy technique. Such DM induces temporal variation in various fundamental constants, which in turn causes time modulation of the nuclear transition energies. When a Mössbauer source and absorber is separated by a large baseline, the DM induced shift between their energy levels can be tested by the modulation of the photon absorption spectrum. The narrow Mössbauer transitions allow the setup to efficiently probe DM in the high frequency range. We show that the reach of a Mössbauer experiment with the existing synchrotron beams is at par with the bounds from various equivalence principle violation searches. An improvement of the synchrotron setup would enable us to probe the hitherto uncharted territory of the DM parameter space upto MHz frequency. The proposed method would extend the DM search beyond the EP limit by several orders of magnitude, and would provide the best bound on DM interaction strength with various standard model fields in the high ($>$kHz) frequency region.

    hep-phphysics.atom-ph3 citations
21. 21*

    From squared amplitudes to energy correlators

    Song He🇨🇳 · Xuhang Jiang🇨🇳 · Qinglin Yang🇩🇪 · Yao-Qi Zhang🇨🇳

    The leading order $N$-point energy correlators of maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in the limit where the $N$ detectors are collinear can be expressed as an integral of the $1\to N$ splitting function, which is given by the $(N+3)$-point squared super-amplitudes at tree level. This provides yet another example that the integrand of certain physical observable -- $N$-point energy correlator -- is computed by the canonical form of a positive geometry -- the (tree-level) "squared amplituhedron". By extracting such squared amplitudes from the $f$-graph construction, we compute the integrand of energy correlators up to $N=11$ and reveal new structures to all $N$; we also show important properties of the integrand such as soft and multi-collinear limits. Finally, we take a first look at integrations by studying possible residues of the integrand: our analysis shows that while this gives prefactors in front of multiple polylogarithm functions of $N=3,4$, the first unknown case of $N=5$ already involves elliptic polylogarithmic functions with many distinct elliptic curves, and more complicated curves and higher-dimensional varieties appear for $N>5$.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph16 citations
22. 22*

    A new quantization scheme of black holes in effective loop quantum gravity

    Wen-Cong Gan🇨🇳 · Anzhong Wang🇺🇸

    Loop quantum cosmology has achieved great successes, in which the polymerization plays a crucial role. In particular, the phase-space-variable dependent polymerization turns out to be the unique one that leads to consistent quantization of the homogeneous and isotropic universe. However, when applying the same scheme to the quantization of black holes, it meets resistances, when the Kantowski-Sachs (KS) gauge is adopted. In this paper, we continue to study the quantum effects of the polymerization near the location that a classical black hole horizon used to be, from the point of view of effective loop quantum gravity in the KS gauge. In particular, we find a phase-space-variable dependent polymerization scheme that leads to negligible quantum effects near the location of the classical black hole horizon, but significantly alters the spacetime structure near the origin, so that the classical singularity is finally replaced by a finite and regular transition surface. The final geodesically-complete spacetime consists of the regular transition surface that connects a black hole in one side and an anti-trapped region in the other side. In the anti-trapped region, no white hole horizons are found and the spacetime is extended to infinity, at which the geometric radius of the two-spheres becomes infinitely large.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.GAhep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·7 citations
23. 23*

    Multidimensionality of the Hubble tension: the roles of ${\Omega }_m$ and ${\omega }_c$

    Davide Pedrotti🇮🇹 · Jun-Qian Jiang🇨🇳 · Luis A. Escamilla🇬🇧 · Simony Santos da Costa🇮🇹 · Sunny Vagnozzi🇮🇹

    The Hubble tension is inherently multidimensional, and bears important implications for parameters beyond $H_0$. We discuss the key role of the matter density parameter ${\Omega }_m$ and the physical cold dark matter density ${\omega }_c$. We argue that once ${\Omega }_m$ and the physical baryon density ${\omega }_b$ are calibrated, through Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO) and/or Type Ia Supernovae (SNeIa) for ${\Omega }_m$, and via Big Bang Nucleosynthesis for ${\omega }_b$, any model raising $H_0$ requires raising ${\omega }_c$ and, under minimal assumptions, also the clustering parameter $S_8$. We explicitly verify that this behaviour holds when analyzing recent BAO and SNeIa data. We argue that a calibration of ${\Omega }_m$ as reliable and model-independent as possible should be a priority in the Hubble tension discussion, and an interesting possibility in this sense could be represented by galaxy cluster gas mass fraction measurements.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·91 citations
24. 24*

    Spectra of fermions produced by a time-dependent axion in the radiation- and matter-dominated Universe

    Aditya Kulkarni🇺🇸 · Lorenzo Sorbo🇺🇸

    Axion-like degrees of freedom generally interact with fermions through a shift symmetric coupling. As a consequence, a time-dependent axion will lead to the generation of fermions by amplifying their vacuum fluctuations. We provide the formulae that allow one to determine the spectra of produced fermions in a generic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Universe with flat spatial slices. Then we derive simple approximate formulae for the spectra of the produced fermions, as a function of the model parameters, in the specific cases of a radiation- and a matter-dominated Universe, in the regime in which the backreaction of the produced fermions on the axionic background can be neglected.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2025)·3 citations
25. 25*

    Monopole-Fermion Scattering and the Solution to the Semiton/Unitarity Puzzle

    Vazha Loladze🇬🇧 · Takemichi Okui🇺🇸

    We study Polchinski's "fermion-rotor system" as an accurate description of charged Weyl fermions scattering on a magnetic monopole core in the limit of zero gauge coupling. Traditionally it was thought such scattering could lead to fractional particle numbers ("semitons"). By direct calculations we show those semitonic processes are in fact free propagation, facilitated by composite fermion-rotor operators interpolating the "forbidden" states, effectively "recovering" both ingoing and outgoing states in every lowest partial wave. Non-semitonic Callan-Rubakov processes are unchanged.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRL(2025)·11 citations
26. 26*

    Tools for probing new physics with newly discovered gamma-ray targets

    Chance Hoskinson🇺🇸 · Jason Kumar🇺🇸 · Pearl Sandick🇺🇸

    We present a computational tool, TweedleDEE, for empirically modeling diffuse gamma-ray background emission in a 1 degree region of the sky, using publicly available gamma-ray data off-axis from the region of interest. This background model allows a user to perform a purely data-driven search for anomalous localized sources of gamma-ray emission, including new physics. A major application of this tool would be in searching for dark matter annihilation in newly discovered astrophysical targets. For this purpose, we derive a scaling relation for determining velocity-dependent $J$-factors using only the stellar parameters, which can be broadly applied to obtain dark matter constraints from new targets. As an application of these tools, we use TweedleDEE and MADHATv2 to perform the first search for dark matter annihilation in the newly discovered Leo VI dwarf spheroidal galaxy, and present model constraints for a variety of choices of the annihilation channel and velocity dependence of the cross section.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·2 citations
27. 27*

    Stringy Scaling

    Sheng-Hong Lai🇹🇼 · Jen-Chi Lee🇹🇼 · Yi Yang🇹🇼

    We discover a general stringy scaling behavior for 1. All n-point hard string scattering amplitudes (HSSA) and 2. A class of n-point Regge string scattering amplitudes (RSSA) to all string loop orders. The number of independent kinematics variables is found to be reduced by dim M.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.