Tue·Aug 6, 2024Tuesday·August 6, 2024

1. 01*

   Global charge conservation in the symmetric phase of the early Universe

   S. Abbaslu🇮🇷 · M. Abdolhoseini🇮🇷 · P. E. Moghaddam🇮🇷 · S. S. Gousheh🇮🇷

   In the Standard Model at high temperatures, anomalous effects contribute to the violation of baryon number ($B$) and lepton number ($L$), separately, while $B-L$ remains conserved. There are also corresponding changes in the helicity of the hypermagnetic field ($h_B$) and the Chern-Simons numbers of the non-Abelian gauge fields ($N_{\mathrm{CS},\mathrm{w}}$ and $N_{\mathrm{CS},\mathrm{s}}$). In this study, we investigate a baryogenesis process in the symmetric phase of the early Universe by taking into account the Abelian and non-Abelian anomalous effects as well as the perturbative chirality-flip processes of all fermions. We calculate the time evolution of all relevant physical quantities, including the asymmetries of all fermions and the Higgs, as well as $h_B$ and $N_{\mathrm{CS},\mathrm{w}}$. We present a method to compute the latter, for which it is crucial to consider the minute departure from equilibrium of the sphaleron processes. We then verify explicitly the conservation of a global charge, involving the total matter-antimatter asymmetry $B+L$, the hypermagnetic helicity $h_B$ and $N_{\mathrm{CS},\mathrm{w}}$, the existence of which had been inferred earlier. In particular we show that, in the scenario that we study, an initial $h_B$ decays mostly to $N_{\mathrm{CS},\mathrm{w}}$, with only $10^{-3}$ conversion ratio into $B+L$ asymmetry.

   hep-phNPB(2026)·0 citations
2. 02*

   Investigating Lorentz Invariance Violation Effects on CP Violation and Mass Hierarchy sensitivity at DUNE

   Saurabh Shukla🇮🇳 · Shashank Mishra🇮🇳 · Lakhwinder Singh🇮🇳 · Venktesh Singh🇮🇳

   One of the current goals of neutrino experiments is to precisely determine standard unknown oscillation parameters such as the leptonic CP phase and mass hierarchy. Lorentz invariance violation represents a potential physics factor that could influence the experiment's ability to achieve these precise determinations. This study investigates the influence of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) on oscillation dynamics, particularly through non-isotropic CPT-violating ($a_{e\mu }^X$, $a_{e\tau }^X$, $a_{\mu \tau }^X$) and CPT-conserving ($c_{e\mu }^{XY}$, $c_{e\tau }^{XY}$, $c_{\mu \tau }^{XY}$) parameters within the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). We analyze the impact of these parameters on the mass hierarchy (MH) and Dirac CP phase sensitivity measurements. Our findings indicate that while MH sensitivity remains relatively unaffected, only the presence of $c_{\mu \tau }^{XY}$ significantly deteriorates MH sensitivity, albeit remaining above the $5\sigma$ threshold. Additionally, we observe a substantial compromise in CP sensitivity due to the $c_{e\mu }^{XY}$ and $c_{e\tau }^{XY}$ parameters.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·3 citations
3. 03*

   Superconducting Levitated Detector of Gravitational Waves

   Daniel Carney🇺🇸 · Gerard Higgins🇦🇹 · Giacomo Marocco🇺🇸 · Michael Wentzel🇺🇸

   A magnetically levitated mass couples to gravity and can act as an effective gravitational wave detector. We show that a superconducting sphere levitated in a quadrupolar magnetic field, when excited by a gravitational wave, will produce magnetic field fluctuations that can be read out using a flux tunable microwave resonator. With a readout operating at the standard quantum limit, such a system could achieve broadband strain noise sensitivity of $h\lesssim 10^{-20}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ for frequencies of $1\mathrm{kHz}-1\mathrm{MHz}$, opening new corridors for astrophysical probes of new physics.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-exPRL(2025)·27 citations
4. 04*

   The charge and magnetic radii of the nucleons from the generalized parton distributions

   The MMGPDs Collaboration · Muhammad Goharipour · Fatemeh Irani · Hadi Hashamipour · K. Azizi

   The proton-radius puzzle refers to the discrepancy observed in measurements of the proton's charge radius when using different methods. This inconsistency has prompted extensive research and debate within the physics community, as it challenges the understanding of quantum electrodynamics and the fundamental properties of protons. In the present study, we determine the charge and magnetic radii of the proton and neutron through a global analysis of the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) at zero skewness. We emphasize the importance of a simultaneous analysis of all available experimental data related to nucleon radii, rather than relying on individual experiments, specific observables, or limited kinematic regions. This comprehensive approach ensures robust and consistent results, avoiding values that are either too small or too large. Our analysis yields the following results: $r_{pE}=0.8558\pm 0.0135\text{fm}$, $r_{pM}=0.8268\pm 0.0533\text{fm}$, $⟨r_{nE}^2⟩=-0.1181\pm 0.0270{\text{fm}}^2$, and $r_{nM}=0.8367\pm 0.0845\text{fm}$.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPLB(2025)·14 citations
5. 05*

   A new probe of dark matter-baryon interactions in compact stellar systems

   Yang Ma🇮🇹 · Zihui Wang🇺🇸

   We investigate the astrophysical consequences of an attractive long-range interaction between dark matter and baryonic matter. Our study highlights the role of this interaction in inducing dynamical friction between dark matter and stars, which can significantly influence the evolution of compact stellar systems. Using the star cluster in Eridanus II as a case study, we derive a new stringent upper bound on the interaction strength $\tilde{\alpha }\le 314.5$ for the interaction range $\lambda =1$ pc. This constraint is independent of the dark matter mass and can improve the existing model-independent limits on $\tilde{\alpha }$ by a few orders of magnitude. Furthermore, we observe that the constraint is insensitive to the mass of the stellar system and the dark matter density in the stellar system as long as the system is dark matter dominated. This new approach can be applied to many other stellar systems, and we obtain comparable constraints from compact stellar halos observed in ultrafaint dwarf galaxies.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAPRD(2025)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Exclusive photoproduction of ${\eta }_c\gamma$ pairs with large invariant mass

   M. Siddikov🇨🇱

   In this preprint we analyzed the exclusive photoproduction of ${\eta }_c\gamma$ pairs in the collinear factorization framework and evaluated its cross-section in leading order in the strong coupling ${\alpha }_s$. We found that this process is mostly sensitive to the behavior of the unpolarized gluon GPD $H_g$ in the Efremov-Radyushkin-Brodsky-Lepage kinematics. We estimated numerically the cross-section and the expected counting rates in the kinematics of middle-energy photoproduction experiments which can be realized at the future Electron-Ion Collider and in the kinematics of ultraperipheral collisions at LHC. We found that the cross-section is sufficiently large for dedicated experimental study.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·10 citations
7. 07*

   A possible evidence of pion condensation

   Wei Zhu🇨🇳 · Yu-Chen Tang🇨🇳 · Lei Feng🇨🇳 · Feng-yao Hou🇨🇳

   This work demonstrates that once a large number of pion is condensed in a high-energy hadron collision, the gamma-ray spectrum from ${\pi }^0$ decay takes on a typical broken power-law shape, which has been documented in many astronomical observations, but we have not yet recognized it. We show that this pion condensation is caused by a large number of soft gluons condensed in protons.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEcond-mat.othernucl-thCommun.Theor.Phys.(2025)·0 citations
8. 08*

   Exploring the dark annihilation: multi-component asymmetric and symmetric dark matter

   Amit Dutta Banik🇮🇳

   The article describes Boltzmann equations for a potential case of multi-particle dark matter with symmetric and asymmetric dark matter components in a model-independent approach. We focus on the specific scenario where one of the DM candidates remains completely invisible, having only hidden sector interactions with the other dark matter constituent referred to as ``dark annihilation". The possible effect of non-standard expansion of the universe on the dark matter abundance is also taken into account.

   hep-phNPB(2025)·2 citations
9. 09*

   Current Status of the Odderon

   Mikhail G. Ryskin🇷🇺

   Odderon is the C-odd amplitude which does not die out (or die very slowly) with energy. We consider the constrains on the Odderon properties and the perturbative QCD Odderon given at the lowest ${\alpha }_s$ order by the three gluon exchange. Then we discuss the experimental indications for the Odderon contribution to high energy proton-proton elastic scattering and some other processes in which the Odderon may reveal itself.

   hep-phPhys.Part.Nucl.Lett.(2025)·7 citations
10. 10*

    Topological diagram analysis of ${\mathcal{B}}_{c\overline{3}}\to {\mathcal{B}}_{10}M$ decays in the $SU(3{)}_F$ limit and beyond

    Di Wang🇨🇳

    Charm baryon decay plays an important role in studying non-perturbative baryonic transitions. Compared to other hadron multiplets, the flavor symmetry of baryon decuplet is more simple and attractive. In this work, we study the topological amplitudes of charmed baryon decays into decuplet baryon in the flavor symmetry and the linear $SU(3{)}_F$ breaking. It is found most of topological diagrams are suppressed by the Körner-Pati-Woo theorem in the $SU(3{)}_F$ limit. Only two independent amplitudes contributing to the ${\mathcal{B}}_{c\overline{3}}\to {\mathcal{B}}_{10}M$ decays, with one dominating the branching fractions. The Lee-Yang parameters of all ${\mathcal{B}}_{c\overline{3}}\to {\mathcal{B}}_{10}M$ modes are the same in the $SU(3{)}_F$ limit, and there are only four possible values for the CP asymmetries. After including the first-order $SU(3{)}_F$ breaking effects, the ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Sigma }^{\ast +}{\overline{K}}^0$ and ${\Xi }_c^{+}\to {\Xi }^{\ast 0}{\pi }^{+}$ decays have non-zero branching fractions. The number of free parameter contributing to the ${\mathcal{B}}_{c\overline{3}}\to {\mathcal{B}}_{10}M$ decays in the linear $SU(3{)}_F$ breaking is smaller than the available data. The $SU(3{)}_F$ breaking part of the quark loop diagram can be extracted by global fitting of branching fractions, which could help us understand the CP violation in charm sector. Additionally, some new isospin equations are proposed to test the Körner-Pati-Woo theorem.

    hep-phPLB(2024)·6 citations
11. 11*

    Decoding the gaugino code, naturally, at high-lumi LHC

    Howard Baer🇺🇸 · Vernon Barger🇺🇸 · Kairui Zhang🇺🇸

    Natural supersymmetry with light higgsinos is most likely to emerge from the string landscape since the volume of scan parameter space shrinks to tiny volumes for electroweak unnatural models. Rather general arguments favor a landscape selection of soft SUSY breaking terms tilted to large values, but tempered by the atomic principle: that the derived value of the weak scale in each pocket universe lie not too far from its measured value in our universe. But that leaves (at least) three different paradigms for gaugino masses in natural SUSY models: unified (as in nonuniversal Higgs models), anomaly-mediation form (as in natural AMSB) and mirage mediation form (with comparable moduli- and anomaly-mediated contributions). We perform landscape scans for each of these, and show they populate different, but overlapping, positions in m(\ell\bar{\ell}) and m(wino) space. The first of these may be directly measurable at high-lumi LHC via the soft opposite-sign dilepton plus jets plus MET signature arising from higgsino pair production while the second of these could be extracted from direct wino pair production leading to same-sign diboson production.

    hep-phhep-thParticles(2024)·4 citations
12. 12*

    Constraints on the parameters of the neutrino extension of the Standard Model

    Volodymyr Gorkavenko🇺🇦 · Oleksandr Khasai🇺🇦 · Oleg Ruchayskiy🇩🇰 · Mariia Tsarenkova🇺🇦

    Heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) are hypothetical particles proposed as a potential explanation for neutrino oscillations and the generation of the baryon asymmetry in the Universe. This paper focuses on HNLs with masses significantly above the electroweak scale. It is challenging to test for the presence of such particles directly. However, they leave behind effective interactions of Standard Model particles, leading in particular to charged lepton flavor violation (cLFV) processes. Non-observation of cLFV processes puts therefore constraints on the parameters of the HNLs. In this paper, we find the relations between the effective operators in the realistic case when neutrino masses are non-zero and the HNLs are non-degenerate. This allows us to strengthen the existing cLFV constraints on the tau-flavors from much stronger constraints on muon and electron flavors. We also link the baryon asymmetry of the Universe to the same higher-dimensional effective operators, providing complementary bounds on these parameters.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2025)·0 citations
13. 13*

    Fantômas4QCD: pion PDFs with epistemic uncertainties

    Aurore Courtoy🇲🇽 · Lucas Kotz🇺🇸 · Pavel Nadolsky🇺🇸 · Fred Olness🇺🇸 · Maximiliano Ponce-Chavez🇺🇸

    In these proceedings, we reiterate and extend the discussion of the Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) QCD analysis of the charged pion Parton Distribution Function (PDF) obtained within the Fantômas4QCD framework. The goal of the Fantômas analysis is to quantify the dependence on the parametrization form in global QCD analyses, with a first application to the pion PDFs. We highlight the anti-correlation between the experimentally allowed gluon and sea distributions in the pion, as made apparent by the sampling over parametrization forms. This result, for the sea and gluon sector, illustrates the importance of accounting for epistemic uncertainties in data-driven QCD analyses. In that regard, we further discuss the meaning of the sampling uncertainty and why it is key in phenomenological studies of hadron structure.

    hep-phPoS(2025)·0 citations
14. 14*

    Application of the Meijer theorem in calculation of three-loop massive vacuum Feynman integrals and beyond

    Jian Wang🇨🇳 · Dongyu Yang🇨🇳

    We present an analytical method to calculate the three-loop massive Feynman integral in arbitrary dimensions. The method is based on the Mellin-Barnes representation of the Feynman integral. The Meijer theorem and its corollary are used to perform the integration over the Gamma functions, exponential functions, and hypergeometric functions. We also discuss the application of the method in other multi-loop Feynman integrals.

    hep-phhep-th0 citations
15. 15*

    Exploring a Gauge Horizontal Model for Charged Fermion Masses

    We-Fu Chang🇹🇼

    We investigate an extension of the Standard Model (SM) incorporating a gauge $U(1)$ horizontal symmetry that is free of anomalies. This extension introduces four additional un-Higgsed scalar doublets that do not develop vacuum expectation values, two scalar singlets, and a pair of vector-like fermionic singlets. Within this framework, the masses of third-generation charged fermions are generated through the conventional SM Yukawa interactions, while the masses of second-generation charged fermions are suppressed via a mechanism reminiscent of Froggatt-Nielsen. In contrast, the masses of first-generation charged fermions are predominantly determined by radiative corrections. Unlike traditional implementations of the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism, our model does not require additional colored vector or chiral fermions beyond the SM. This model provides an economical ultraviolet-complete mechanism to explain the observed patterns in charged fermion masses and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements. Notably, the electron electric dipole moment vanishes automatically at the two-loop level, and there is no charged lepton flavor violation to all orders. We also discuss potential experimental signatures that could distinguish this model from other $Z^{\prime }$ models, such as specific patterns in gauge boson decays and associated collider signatures.

    hep-ph2 citations
16. 16*

    Reduced cross section and gluon distribution in a momentum-space approach

    G.R.Boroun🇮🇷 · Phuoc Ha🇺🇸

    We present a calculation of the reduced cross section in momentum-space approach utilizing the Block-Durand-Ha (BDH) parameterization of the proton structure function $F_2(x,Q^2)$ and the leading-order (LO) longitudinal structure function $F_L(x,Q^2)$, proposed by Boroun and Ha [G.R. Boroun and P.Ha, Phys. Rev. D {\bf 109} (2024) 094037] using Laplace transform techniques. Our results are compared with the HERA data and extended to the Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) domain. We also examine the ratio $F_{L2}(x,Q^2)=F_L(x,Q^2)/F_2(x,Q^2)$ obtained from our work, comparing it with both the H1 data and the color dipole (CDP) bounds. We find that our results for the reduced cross section and the ratio $F_{L2}(x,Q^2)$ agree with the H1 data. Finally, our evaluation of the gluon distribution functions $G(x,Q^2)$ in momentum-space approach shows very good concordance with the NNPDF3.0LO gluon structure functions for moderate $Q^2$ in the range $10^{-5}\le x\le 1$.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·6 citations
17. 17*

    Effect of anomalous $HHH$ and $ZZHH$ couplings on the decay width of $H\to {\nu }_e{\bar{\nu }}_e{\nu }_{\mu }{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$

    Pankaj Agrawal🇮🇳 · Biswajit Das🇮🇳

    Despite the discovery of the Higgs boson, the Higgs sector of the standard model is still not fully established. In particular, the self couplings of the Higgs boson, and its couplings with gauge bosons, are still to be fully determined. We consider electroweak corrections to the process $H\to {\nu }_e{\bar{\nu }}_e{\nu }_{\mu }{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$. The corrections depend on the $HHH$ and $ZZHH$ couplings. We investigate this dependence in $\kappa$-framework. We find that the width depends on $HHH$ coupling significantly. The dependence on $ZZHH$ coupling is only marginal. We also discuss the dependence on $ZZWW$ coupling.

    hep-phhep-exMod.Phys.Lett.A(2024)·1 citation
18. 18*

    Cosmology and Astrophysics of CP-Violating Axions

    Omar F. Ramadan🇺🇸 · Jeremy Sakstein🇺🇸 · Djuna Croon🇬🇧

    We study the cosmology and astrophysics of axion-like particles (ALPs) with CP-violating Yukawa couplings to nucleons. At finite nucleon density, the ALP's dynamics is governed by an effective potential which is the sum of the bare periodic potential and a linear potential whose strength depends on the nucleon density. We identify a critical nucleon density ${\rho }_c$ controlling the dynamics. At densities smaller than ${\rho }_c$ the effective potential is a tilted sinusoidal curve and the field is displaced from its zero-density minimum. At densities larger than ${\rho }_c$ the minima (and maxima) are absent, and the ALP is destabilized. Astrophysically, this implies that neutron stars can source a radial ALP field, providing a complementary probe to equivalence principle tests. Cosmologically, the ALP may have been destabilized in the early Universe and could have made large field excursions. We discuss model-building applications of our results for such early universe scenarios.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJCAP(2025)·4 citations
19. 19*

    Impact of the Electroweak Weinberg Operator on the Electric Dipole Moment of Electron

    Tatsuya Banno🇯🇵 · Junji Hisano🇯🇵 · Teppei Kitahara🇯🇵 · Kiyoto Ogawa🇯🇵 · Naohiro Osamura🇯🇵

    Recent progresses in the measurements of the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the electron using the paramagnetic atom or molecule are remarkable. In this paper, we calculate a contribution to the electron EDM at three-loop level, introducing the CP-violating Yukawa couplings of new SU(2)${}_L$ multiplets. At two-loop level, the Yukawa interactions generate a CP-violating dimension-six operator, composed of three SU(2)${}_L$ field strengths, called the electroweak Weinberg operator. Another one-loop diagram with the operator inserted induces the electron EDM. We find that even if new SU(2)${}_L$ particles have masses around TeV-scale, the electron EDM may be larger than the Standard Model contribution to the paramagnetic atom or molecule EDMs. We also discuss the relation between the Barr-Zee diagram contribution at two-loop level and the three-loop one, assuming that the SM Higgs has new Yukawa interactions with the SU(2)${}_L$ multiplets.

    hep-phJHEP(2025)·4 citations
20. 20*

    Study of lepton flavor universality and angular distributions in $D\to K_J^{\ast }(\to K\pi )\ell {\nu }_{\ell }$

    Fei Huang🇨🇳 · Ji Xu🇨🇳

    The decay of the D meson into multibody final states is a complex process that provides valuable insights into the fundamental interactions within the Standard Model of particle physics. This study focuses on the decay cascade $D^{+}\to K_J^{\ast }{\ell }^{+}\nu \to K^{\pm }{\pi }^{\mp }{\ell }^{+}\nu$ where the $K_J^{\ast }$ resonance encompasses the $K^{\ast }(892),K^{\ast }(1410),K_0^{\ast }(1430)$ states. We employ the helicity amplitude technique to derive the angular distributions for the decay chain, enabling the extraction of one-dimensional and two-dimensional distributions. Utilizing form factors for the $D\to K^{\ast }$ transition derived from the quark model, we calculate the differential and integrated partial decay widths, explicitly considering the electron and muon masses. Decay branching fractions are calculated, the ratios of the branching fractions are found to be $\frac{\mathcal{B}r(D^{+}\to K^{\ast }(892)(\to K^{-}{\pi }^{+}){\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu })}{\mathcal{B}r(D^{+}\to K^{\ast }(892)(\to K^{-}{\pi }^{+})e^{+}{\nu }_e)}=0.975$, $\frac{\mathcal{B}r(D^{+}\to K^{\ast }(1410)(\to K^{-}{\pi }^{+}){\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu })}{\mathcal{B}r(D^{+}\to K^{\ast }(1410)(\to K^{-}{\pi }^{+})e^{+}{\nu }_e)}=0.714$ and $\frac{\mathcal{B}r(D^{+}\to K_0^{\ast }(1430)(\to K^{+}{\pi }^{-}){\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu })}{\mathcal{B}r(D^{+}\to K_0^{\ast }(1430)(\to K^{+}{\pi }^{-})e^{+}{\nu }_e)}=0.774$. Results in this work will serve a calibration for the study of $c\to s$ in $D$ meson decays in future and provide useful information towards the understanding of the properties of the $K^{\ast }$ meson, as well as $K\pi$ system.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·0 citations
21. 21*

    The Fate of Weakly Bound Light Nuclei in Central Collider Experiments: a Challenge in Favor of a Late Continuous Decoupling Mechanism

    Jörn Knoll🇩🇪

    Arguments are presented that the reaction products of central high energy nuclear collisions up to collider energies can rigorously be interpreted in terms of a continuous decoupling mechanism based on continuous equations of motion. The various aspects of the collision dynamics are investigate in terms of the individual decoupling processes. Thereby each observed particle decouples during its own temporal decoupling window. This includes a ``very late'' decoupling of the faintly bound Hypertritons observed in recent ALICE experiments. The success of the strategy is based upon 200 years old wisdom and leads to a revised interpretation of the entire decoupling process.

    hep-phnucl-thPLB(2024)·2 citations
22. 22*

    AC Currents from Gravitational Waves in Plasma Flows

    J. I. McDonald🇬🇧

    It is well-known that gravitational waves can induce electromagnetic perturbations in magnetised plasmas, with production occurring via the direct coupling of gravitational waves to the background magnetic field: this is the so-called Gertsenshtein effect. In this short work, we consider the direct gravitational perturbations of charge carriers via their minimal coupling to gravity in a collisionless plasma. We find that for isotropic plasmas, no secondary plasma perturbations are generated. However, when an anisotropy is introduced in the form of a background plasma current, we find that gravitational waves can induce a secondary current. For a constant DC background current, the secondary current inherits the AC frequency of the gravitational waves. It will certainly be interesting to investigate this effect in astrophysical plasmas in future work as well as its wider phenomenological consequences.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qc0 citations
23. 23*

    Searching for dark matter with a 1000 km baseline interferometer

    Daniel Gavilan-Martin🇩🇪 · Grzegorz Lukasiewicz🇵🇱 · Mikhail Padniuk🇵🇱 · Emmanuel Klinger🇫🇷 · Magdalena Smolis🇵🇱 · Nataniel L. Figueroa🇩🇪 · Derek F. Jackson Kimball🇺🇸 · Alexander O. Sushkov🇺🇸 · Szymon Pustelny🇵🇱 · Dmitry Budker🇩🇪 · Arne Wickenbrock🇩🇪

    Axion-like particles (ALPs) arise from well-motivated extensions to the Standard Model and could account for dark matter. ALP dark matter would manifest as a field oscillating at an (as of yet) unknown frequency. The frequency depends linearly on the ALP mass and plausibly ranges from $10^{-22}$ to $10$ eV/$c^2$. This motivates broadband search approaches. We report on a direct search for ALP dark matter with an interferometer composed of two atomic K-Rb-${}^3$He comagnetometers, one situated in Mainz, Germany, and the other in Kraków, Poland. We leverage the anticipated spatio-temporal coherence properties of the ALP field and probe all ALP-gradient-spin interactions covering a mass range of nine orders of magnitude. No significant evidence of an ALP signal is found. We thus place new upper limits on the ALP-neutron, ALP-proton and ALP-electron couplings reaching below $g_{aNN}<10^{-9}$ GeV${}^{-1}$, $g_{aPP}<10^{-7}$ GeV${}^{-1}$ and $g_{aee}<10^{-6}$ GeV${}^{-1}$, respectively. These limits improve upon previous laboratory constraints for neutron and proton couplings by up to three orders of magnitude.

    hep-phNature Commun.(2025)·31 citations
24. 24*

    Additional dimensions of space and time in the domain of deep inelastic processes

    B. B. Levchenko🇷🇺

    We prove that the well-known Heisenberg uncertainty relations and Landau-Peierls uncertainty relations implicitly contain ``hidden'' angular variables, which belong to new uncertainty relations. Based on the obtained relations, we derive a formula for estimating the speed $U^{\ast }$ of a virtual particle in indirect measurements. We applied the theory of indirect measurements and the derived formula to estimate the module of the group velocity of virtual photons from the DIS HERA data. The HERA data indicate that the speed of virtual photons exceeds the speed of light $c$ in free space, $U^{\ast }>c$. The properties of virtual photons and a hypothetical tachyon particle are almost identical. It is found that in the realm of particle interaction, the new angular parameters are closely related to the type of the phase-space geometry and dimensionality of the space-time continuum. It is suggested that the problem of the normalization condition $U^{\ast }=c$ at $Q^2=0{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$ can be solved naturally within the framework of ``Two-Time Physics'' developed by I. Bars. 2T-physics is the theory with local symplectic $\mathrm{Sp}(2,\mathrm{R})$ gauge symmetry in phase-space and the space-time geometry of signature $(1+1^{\prime },\mathrm{d}+1^{\prime })$ with one extra time-like and one extra space-like dimensions.

    hep-phhep-exquant-phMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2024)·0 citations
25. 25*

    Attenuation of Cosmic Ray Electron Boosted Dark Matter

    Tim Herbermann🇩🇪 · Manfred Lindner🇩🇪 · Manibrata Sen🇩🇪

    We consider a model of boosted dark matter (DM), where a fraction of DM is upscattered to relativistic energies by cosmic ray electrons. Such interactions responsible for boosting the DM also attenuate its flux at the Earth. Considering a simple model of constant interaction cross-section, we make analytical estimates of the variation of the attenuation ceiling with the DM mass and confirm it numerically. We then extend our analysis to a $Z^{\prime }$-mediated leptophilic DM model. We show that the attenuation ceiling remains nearly model-independent for DM and mediator particles heavier than the electron, challenging some previous discussions on this topic. Using the XENONnT direct detection experiment, we illustrate how constraints based on energy-dependent scattering can significantly differ from those based on an assumed constant cross-section. This highlights the importance of re-evaluating these constraints in the context of specific models.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·13 citations
26. 26*

    $U(1)$-charged Dark Matter in three-Higgs-doublet models

    A. Kunčinas🇵🇹 · P. Osland🇳🇴 · M. N. Rebelo🇵🇹

    We explore three-Higgs-doublet models that may accommodate scalar Dark Matter where the stability is based on an unbroken $U(1)$-based symmetry, rather than the familiar ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry. Our aim is to classify all possible ways of embedding a $U(1)$ symmetry in a three-Higgs-doublet model. The different possibilities are presented and compared. All these models contain mass-degenerate pairs of Dark Matter candidates due to a $U(1)$ symmetry unbroken (conserved) by the vacuum. Most of these models preserve CP. In the CP-conserving case the pairs can be seen as one being even and the other being odd under CP or as having opposite charges under $U(1)$. Not all symmetries presented here were identified before in the literature, which points to the fact that there are still many open questions in three-Higgs-doublet models. We also perform a numerical exploration of the $U(1)\otimes U(1)$-symmetric 3HDM, this is the most general phase-invariant (real) three-Higgs-doublet model. The model contains a multi-component Dark Matter sector, with two independent mass scales. After imposing relevant experimental constraints we find that there are possible solutions throughout a broad Dark Matter mass range, 45-2000 GeV, the latter being a scan cutoff.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·12 citations
27. 27*

    Jet-Induced Enhancement of Deuteron Production in $pp$ and $p$-Pb Collisions at the LHC

    Yi-Heng Feng🇨🇳 · Che Ming Ko🇺🇸 · Yu-Gang Ma🇨🇳 · Kai-Jia Sun🇨🇳 · Xin-Nian Wang🇨🇳 · Zhong Yang🇨🇳 · Song Zhang🇨🇳

    Jet-associated deuteron production in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and $p$-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV is studied in the coalescence model by using the phase-space information of proton and neutron pairs from a multiphase transport (AMPT) model at the kinetic freezeout. In the low transverse momentum ($p_T$) region $p_T/A<1.5$ GeV/$c$, where $A$ is the mass number of a nucleus, the in-jet coalescence factor $B_2^{\text{In-jet}}$ for deuteron production, given by the ratio of the in-jet deuteron number to the square of the in-jet proton number, is found to be larger than the coalescence factor $B_2$ in the medium perpendicular to the jet by a factor of about 10 in $pp$ collisions and of 25 in $p-$Pb collisions, which are consistent with the ALICE measurements at the LHC. Such large low-momentum enhancements mainly come from coalescence of nucleons inside the jet with the medium nucleons. Coalescence of nucleons inside the jet dominates deuteron production only at the higher $p_T$ region of $p_T/A\gtrsim 4$ GeV/$c$, where both the yield ratio $d/p$ of deuteron to proton numbers and the $B_2$ are also significantly larger in the jet direction than in the direction perpendicular to the jet due to the strong collinear correlation among particles produced from jet fragmentation. Studying jet-associated deuteron production in relativistic nuclear collisions thus opens up a new window to probe the phase-space structure of nucleons inside jets.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPLB(2024)·9 citations
28. 28*

    Cosmological perturbations in the energy-momentum squared gravity theory: constraints from gravitational wave standard sirens and redshift space distortions

    Qi-Ming Fu🇨🇳 · Xin Zhang🇨🇳

    We investigate the linear cosmological perturbations in the context of the so-called energy-momentum squared gravity (EMSG) theory. Recent researches show that the EMSG theory can reproduce viable background cosmological evolution comparable to $\Lambda$CDM, while the matter-dominated era exhibits slight distinctions. In this paper, we mainly focus on the power-law EMSG models and derive the equations for the linear cosmological perturbations. We explore the propagation of the gravitational wave (GW) and the growth of matter density perturbation at the first order, and estimate the model parameters from the simulated GW data and the observed redshift space distortion data. Our analysis reveals that the model parameters should be small and positive in $1\sigma$ confidence interval, which indicates that the theory is in good agreement with the observational data and can be regarded as an alternative for the standard cosmological model.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phCPC(2025)·4 citations
29. 29*

    Reproduction of NGC1052-DF4 by self-interacting dark matter: dark matter deficiency and tidal features

    Zhao-Chen Zhang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Jun Bi🇨🇳 · Peng-Fei Yin🇨🇳

    Observations of the velocity dispersion indicate a severe dark matter (DM) deficit in the ultra-diffuse galaxy, NGC1052-DF4 (DF4). The ultra-deep images obtained with the Gemini telescope, which has the deepest imaging data till now, confirm the presence of tidal tails in DF4, suggesting its tidal formation. To enhance tidal effects, we consider the self-interaction among DM particles. Using an N-body simulation in the scenario of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM), we reproduce a DM-deficient galaxy that is consistent with all observational data of DF4. Specifically, our simulation result yields an extremely low DM-to-star mass ratio and a radial surface brightness profile very similar to that from deep images, showing accurate tidal features. By performing simulations with similar tidal effects and various cross-sections of SIDM, we show a significant impact of SIDM on the DM-to-star mass ratio in the central region of the galaxy. Our work confirms the tidal formation of DF4 in theory.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·3 citations
30. 30*

    Linearized fluctuating hydrodynamics via random polynomials

    Farid Taghinavaz🇮🇷 · Giorgio Torrieri🇧🇷

    We argue that an ensemble of backgrounds best understands hydrodynamic dispersion relations in a medium with few degrees of freedom and is therefore subject to strong thermal fluctuations. In the linearized regime, dispersion relations become describeable by polynomials with random coefficients. We give a short review of this theory and perform a numerical study of the distribution of the roots of polynomials whose coefficients are of the order of a Knudsen series but fluctuate in accordance with canonical fluctuations of temperature. We find that, remarkably, the analytic structure of the poles of fluctuating dispersion relations is very different from deterministic ones, particularly regarding the distribution of imaginary parts with respect to real components. We argue that this provides evidence that hydrodynamic behavior persists, and is enhanced, by non-perturbative background fluctuations.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·3 citations
31. 31*

    The $p\Lambda$ and $pp\Lambda$ correlation functions

    E. Garrido🇪🇸 · A. Kievsky🇮🇹 · M. Gattobigio🇫🇷 · M. Viviani🇮🇹 · L.E. Marcucci🇮🇹 · R. Del Grande🇩🇪 · L. Fabbietti🇩🇪 · D. Melnichenko🇩🇪

    In this work we present the study of $p\Lambda$ and $pp\Lambda$ scattering processes using femtoscopic correlation functions. This observable has been recently used to access the low-energy interaction of hadrons emitted in the final state of high-energy collisions, delivering unprecedented precision information of the interaction among strange hadrons. The formalism for particle pairs is well established and it relates the measured correlation functions with the scattering wave function and the emission source. In the present work we analyze the $NN\Lambda$ scattering in free space and relate the corresponding wave function to the $pp\Lambda$ correlation measurement performed by the ALICE collaboration. The three-body problem is solved using the hyperspherical adiabatic basis. Regarding the $p\Lambda$ and $pp\Lambda$ interactions, different models are used and their impact on the correlation function is studied. The three body force considered in this work is anchored to describe the binding energy of the hypertriton and to give a good description of the two four-body hypernuclei. As a main result we have observed a huge, low-energy peak in the $pp\Lambda$ correlation function, mainly produced by the $J^{\pi }=1/2^{+}$ three-body state. The study of this peak from an experimental as well as a theoretical point of view will provide important constraints to the two- and three-body interactions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPRC(2024)·18 citations
32. 32*

    Resonant excitation of eccentricity in spherical extreme-mass-ratio inspirals

    Areti Eleni🇬🇷 · Kyriakos Destounis🇮🇹 · Theocharis A. Apostolatos🇬🇷 · Kostas D. Kokkotas🇩🇪

    Gravitational radiation reaction, has been one of the fundamental issues in general relativity. Over a span of decades, this process has been analyzed in the adiabatic limit, in order to comprehend how it drives extreme-mass-ratio binaries, that are prime targets for space-borne detectors. It has been shown that spherical orbits around Schwarzschild and Kerr black holes remain spherical (zero eccentricity) under the influence of gravitational radiation reaction. Here, we show that spherical orbits in non-Kerr black holes, that still preserve most of the good qualities and symmetries of Kerr spacetime, can access certain resonances in such a way that an initially spherical inspiral acquires non-zero eccentricity and becomes non-spherical. Therefore, the crossing of resonances under radiation reaction interrupts and even inverts, up to some small radius close to plunge, the process of circularization of orbits. The strength of resonant excitation of eccentricity depends on the initial position and inclination of the integrable extreme-mass-ratio system, as well as the integrability-breaking parameter introduced in the background spacetime that amplifies further the excitation. We find that the harmonics of gravitational waves emitted from these inspirals undergo a frequency modulation as the orbit `metamorphoses' from spherical to non-spherical, due to the effect of resonant eccentricity excitation. The gain that low-amplitude harmonics experience in these oligochromatic EMRIs, due to resonances, may be detectable with future spaceborne detectors and serves as an indicator of non-Kerrness of the background spacetime.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·11 citations
33. 33*

    Highly excited $B$, $B_s$ and $B_c$ meson spectroscopy from lattice QCD

    Luke Gayer🇮🇪 · Sinéad M. Ryan🇮🇪 · David J. Wilson🇬🇧

    Excited state spectra of $B$, $B_s$ and $B_c$ mesons are computed using lattice QCD. Working with a large basis of carefully constructed, approximately-local $q\bar{q}$-like operators we determine a rich spectrum of states up to $J=4$ in $B,B_s$ and $B_c$, that can be grouped into patterns matching those of the quark model. In addition, hybrid-like states are identified at approximately 1500 MeV above the ground states in each of $B,B_s$ and $B_c$, in a multiplet pattern already found in similar computations at a range of quark masses spanning light to bottom. This study is performed using an anisotropic, relativistic Wilson-clover action at a single spatial lattice spacing of $a_s\approx 0.12$ fm and with a light-quark mass corresponding to $m_{\pi }\approx 391$ MeV. We find good agreement with experimental results where known and discuss prospects for further work in interesting $J^P$ quantum numbers.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phJHEP(2025)·8 citations
34. 34*

    Correlation of neutrinoless double-beta decay nuclear matrix elements with nucleon-nucleon phase shifts

    A. Belley🇨🇦 · J. Pitcher🇨🇦 · T. Miyagi🇩🇪 · S. R. Stroberg🇺🇸 · J. D. Holt🇨🇦

    We present an ab initio study of the correlation between nuclear matrix elements of neutrinoless double-beta ($0\nu \beta \beta$) decay and nucleon-nucleon scattering phase shifts in the ${}^1{S}_0$ channel. Starting from thirty-four statistically weighted interactions derived from chiral effective field theory, we apply the valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group to calculate nuclear matrix elements in four key experimental isotopes. Comparing with the ${}^1{S}_0$-channel phase shifts given from each interaction, in all cases we observe a strong correlation for scattering energies above 75 MeV. Furthermore, a global sensitivity analysis, enabled by newly developed machine-learning emulators, confirms that the nuclear matrix elements of the decay depend primarily on the $C_{1S0}$ low-energy constant, which is associated with the phase shifts in that partial wave. These results provide the first clear correlation between $0\nu \beta \beta$ decay nuclear matrix elements and a measured observable and will therefore serve as a crucial component in ongoing and future refinements of ab initio uncertainty estimates.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPRC(2026)·12 citations
35. 35*

    On the global Gaussian bending measure and its applications in stationary spacetimes

    Zhen Zhang🇨🇳 · Rui Zhang🇨🇳

    Modified gravity theories have been suggested to address the limitations of general relativity, each exhibiting differences, particularly in their strong-field limits. Nonetheless, there lacks effective means to distinguish or test these theories through local strong-field measurements. In this work, we define a global Gaussian bending measure over singular spacetime regions, establish a corresponding global theory, and demonstrate its applications in a general stationary spacetime. The global theory is based on differential geometry, rather than on specific gravity theories, allowing it to depict various physics within general relativity and beyond. For example, it can be applied to describe the gravitational bending of massless or massive messengers, such as photons, neutrinos, cosmic rays, and possibly massive gravitational waves predicted in certain theories of gravity. Besides, the global theory is applicable to any stationary spacetime regions outside a rotating black hole. As an instance of its direct applications, we investigate the highly-curved spacetime effects of the black hole in its immediate surrounding regions and design local strong-field experiments involving different shapes of singular lensing patches. New means can be therefore anticipated to be developed according to the global theory to differentiate between different gravity theories and test them in their strong-field regions.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-th+2Class.Quant.Grav.(2025)·8 citations
36. 36*

    Gravitational wave and particle emission from a cosmic string loop: local case

    Jorge Baeza-Ballesteros🇪🇸 · Edmund J. Copeland🇬🇧 · Daniel G. Figueroa🇪🇸 · Joanes Lizarraga🇪🇸

    Using lattice field simulations of the Abelian-Higgs model, we characterize the simultaneous emission of (scalar and gauge) particles and gravitational waves (GWs) by local string loops. We use {\it network} loops created in a phase transition, and {\it artificial} loops formed by either crossing straight-boosted or curved-static infinite strings. Loops decay via both particle and GW emission, on time scales $\Delta t_{\mathrm{dec}}\propto L^p$, where $L$ is the loop length. For particle production, we find $p\simeq 2$ for artificial loops and $p\simeq 1$ for network loops, whilst for GW emission, we find $p\simeq 1$ for all loops. We find that below a critical length, artificial loops decay primarily through particle production, whilst for larger loops GW emission dominates. However, for network loops, which represent more realistic configurations, particle emission always dominates, as supported by our data with length-to-core ratios up to $L/r_{\text{c}}\lesssim 6000$. Our results indicate that the GW background from a local string network should be greatly suppressed compared to estimations that ignore particle emission.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2025)·33 citations
37. 37*

    Nonparametric late-time expansion history reconstruction and implications for the Hubble tension in light of recent DESI and type Ia supernovae data

    Jun-Qian Jiang🇨🇳 · Davide Pedrotti🇮🇹 · Simony Santos da Costa🇮🇹 · Sunny Vagnozzi🇮🇹

    We nonparametrically reconstruct the late-time expansion history in light of the latest Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements from DESI combined with various Type Ia Supernovae (SNeIa) catalogs, using interpolation through piece-wise natural cubic splines, and a reconstruction procedure based on Gaussian Processes (GPs). Applied to DESI BAO and PantheonPlus SNeIa data, both methods indicate that deviations from a reference $\Lambda$CDM model in the $z\lesssim 2$ unnormalized expansion rate $E(z)$ are constrained to be $\lesssim 10\%$, but also consistently identify two features in $E(z)$: a bump at $z\sim 0.5$, and a depression at $z\sim 0.9$, which cannot be simultaneously captured by a $w_0{w}_a$CDM fit. These features, which are stable against assumptions regarding spatial curvature, interpolation knots, and GP kernel, disappear if one adopts the older SDSS BAO measurements in place of DESI, and decrease in significance when replacing the PantheonPlus catalog with the Union3 and DESY5 ones. We infer $c/(r_d{H}_0)=29.90\pm 0.33$, with $r_d$ the sound horizon at baryon drag and $H_0$ the Hubble constant. Breaking the $r_d$-$H_0$ degeneracy with the SH0ES prior on $H_0$, the significance of the tension between our nonparametric determination of $r_d=136.20_{-2.40}^{+2.20}\text{Mpc}$ and the \textit{Planck} $\Lambda$CDM-based determination is at the $5\sigma$ level, slightly lower than the $6\sigma$ obtained when adopting the older SDSS dataset in place of DESI. This indicates the persistence at very high significance of the ``sound horizon tension'', reinforcing the need for pre-recombination new physics. If substantiated in forthcoming data releases, our results tentatively point to oscillatory/nonmonotonic features in the shape of the expansion rate at $z\lesssim 2$, of potential interest for dark energy model-building.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·223 citations
38. 38*

    First search for dark photon dark matter with a MADMAX prototype

    J. Egge🇩🇪 · D. Leppla-Weber🇩🇪 · S. Knirck🇺🇸 · B. Ary dos Santos Garcia🇩🇪 · D. Bergermann🇩🇪 · A. Caldwell🇩🇪 · V. Dabhi🇫🇷 · C. Diaconu🇫🇷 · J. Diehl🇩🇪 · G. Dvali🇩🇪 · M. Ekmedžić🇩🇪 · F. Gallo🇫🇷 and 34 other authors

    We report the first result from a dark photon dark matter search in the mass range from $78.62$ to $83.95\mu \mathrm{eV}/c^2$ with a dielectric haloscope prototype for MADMAX (Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment). Putative dark photons would convert to observable photons within a stack consisting of three sapphire disks and a mirror. The emitted power of this system is received by an antenna and successively digitized using a low-noise receiver. No dark photon signal has been observed. Assuming unpolarized dark photon dark matter with a local density of ${\rho }_{\chi }=0.3GeV/c{\mathrm{m}}^3$ we exclude a dark photon to photon mixing parameter $\chi >2.7\times 10^{-12}$ over the full mass range and $\chi >1.1\times 10^{-13}$ at a mass of $80.57\mu \mathrm{eV}/c^2$ with a 95\% confidence level. This is the first physics result from a MADMAX prototype and exceeds previous constraints on $\chi$ in this mass range by up to almost three orders of magnitude.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.IMhep-phphysics.ins-detPRL(2025)·26 citations
39. 39*

    The effect of quantum decoherence on inflationary gravitational waves

    Jessie de Kruijf🇮🇹 · Nicola Bartolo🇮🇹

    The theory of inflation provides a mechanism to explain the structures we observe today in the Universe, starting from quantum-mechanically generated fluctuations. However, this leaves the question of: how did the quantum-to-classical transition, occur? During inflation, tensor perturbations interact (at least gravitationally) with other fields, meaning that we need to view these perturbations as an open system that interacts with an environment. In this paper, the evolution of the system is described using a Lindblad equation, which describes the quantum decoherence of the system. This is a possible mechanism for explaining the quantum-to-classical transition. We show that this quantum decoherence leads to a scale-dependent increase of the gravitational wave power spectrum, depending on the strength and time dependence of the interaction between the system and the environment. By using current upper bounds on the gravitational wave power spectrum from inflation, obtained from CMB and the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA constraints, we find an upper bound on the interaction strength. Furthermore, we compute the decoherence criterion, which indicates the minimal interaction strength needed for a specific scale to have successfully decohered by the end of inflation. Assuming that the CMB modes have completely decohered, we indicate a lower bound on the interaction strength. In addition, this decoherence criterion allows us to look at which scales might not have fully decohered and could still show some relic quantum signatures. Lastly, we use sensitivity forecasts to study how future gravitational-wave detectors, such as LISA and ET, could constrain the decoherence parameter space. Due to the scale-dependence of the power spectrum, LISA could only have a very small impact. However, ET will be able to significantly improve our current constraints for specific decoherence scenarios.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-th+1JCAP(2024)·19 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.