Mon·Jul 29, 2024Monday·July 29, 2024

1. 01*

   Photon-likeness of hadron showers and impact of Lorentz boosting

   Jannis Pawlowsky🇩🇪 · Karl-Heinz Kampert🇩🇪 · Julian Rautenberg🇩🇪

   We examine the probability of proton-induced air showers at $E>10$EeV being misidentified as photon-induced due to neutral pions receiving a major part of the primary energy in the first interaction, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic shower component by their ${\pi }^0\to \gamma \gamma$ decay. Using CORSIKA simulations, we demonstrate the relevance of this effect at EeV energies. However, the probability for such photon-like events drops down strongly at the highest energies due to the increasing probability of Lorentz boosted ${\pi }^0$'s suffering hadronic interactions before decay. Different hadronic interaction models suggest that photon-like hadronic events may be observed at current UHECR observatories. A quantitative comparison of the observed number of background events found in recent photon searches published by the Pierre Auger Collaboration allows us conclude that the hypothesis of upwards fluctuations of ${\pi }^0$-production alone is insufficient to explain the data.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEApJ(2025)·2 citations
2. 02*

   Recoil electron polarization-dependent T-odd correlations in neutrino elastic scattering on polarized electron target

   A. Błaut (1)🇵🇱 · W. Sobków (1) ((1) Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Wrocław, Poland)🇵🇱

   Possible symmetry breaking tests with respect to the time inversion in the elastic scattering of neutrinos on polarized electrons are considered, assuming that the incoming neutrino beam is either longitudinally or transversely polarized, and both momentum and polarization of recoil electrons are observed. In the process, in addition to the standard interaction, the exotic scalar, pseudoscalar and tensor interactions can participate. Due to the nonstandard interactions, different types of triple T-odd products in the cross section may appear. We consider several experiments in which mixed products built of the recoil electron polarization and two other vector quantities (incoming neutrino momentum, its polarization, polarization of the electron target and outgoing electron momentum) can be identified. Observations of the T-odd correlations may indicate noninvariance under time reversal as well as the presence of exotic interactions. A complete analysis of the problem requires a precise determination of the possible contributions from the interactions mimicking the genuine violation of time reversal symmetry, e.g. final state interactions.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·0 citations
3. 03*

   Ordinary and exotic mesons in the extended Linear Sigma Model

   Francesco Giacosa🇵🇱 · Péter Kovács🇭🇺 · Shahriyar Jafarzade🇵🇱

   The extended Linear Sigma Model (eLSM) is a hadronic model based on the global symmetries of QCD and the corresponding explicit, anomalous, and spontaneous breaking patterns. In its basic three-flavor form, its mesonic part contains the dilaton/glueball as well as the nonets of (pseudo)scalar and (axial-)vector mesons, thus chiral symmetry is linearly realized. In the chiral limit and neglecting the chiral anomaly, only one term -- within the dilaton potential -- breaks dilatation invariance. Spontaneous symmetry breaking is implemented by a generalization of the Mexican-hat potential, with explicit symmetry breaking responsible for its tilting. The overall mesonic phenomenology up to 2 GeV is in agreement with the PDG compilation of masses and decay widths. The eLSM was enlarged to include other conventional quark-antiquark nonets (pseudovector and orbitally excited vector mesons, (axial-)tensor mesons, etc.), as well as two nonets of hybrid mesons, the lightest one with exotic quantum numbers $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ not allowed for $\bar{q}q$ objects such as the resonance ${\pi }_1(1600)$ and the recently discovered ${\eta }_1(1855)$. In doing so, different types of chiral multiplets are introduced: heterochiral and homochiral multiplets, which differ in the way they transform under chiral transformations. Moreover, besides the scalar glueball, the tensor, the pseudoscalar and the vector glueballs were coupled to the eLSM: the scalar $f_0(1710)$ turns out to be mostly gluonic, the tensor glueball couples strongly to vector mesons, and the pseudoscalar glueball couples can be assigned to $X(2370)$ or $X(2600)$. The eLSM contains chiral partners on an equal footing and is therefore well suited for studies of chiral symmetry restoration at nonzero temperature and densities. The QCD phase diagram and the location of the critical endpoint were investigated within this framework.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thPPNP(2025)·21 citations
4. 04*

   Neutrino Lorentz invariance violation from the CPT-even SME coefficients through a tensor interaction with cosmological scalar fields

   Rubén Cordero (1)🇲🇽 · Luis A. Delgadillo (1)🇲🇽 · O. G. Miranda (2)🇲🇽 · C. A. Moura (3) ((1) ESFM-IPN, Mexico, (2) CINVESTAV-IPN, Mexico, (3) ABC Federal U, Brazil)🇧🇷

   Numerous non-standard interactions between neutrinos and scalar fields have been suggested in the literature. In this work, we have outlined the case of tensorial neutrino non-standard interactions with scalar fields, which can be related to the effective CPT-even dimension-4 operators of the Standard Model Extension (SME). Moreover, in this paper, we have mostly analyzed the projected sensitivities to the CPT-even isotropic $c_{\alpha \beta }$ and $Z-$spatial $c_{\alpha \beta }^{ZZ}$ SME coefficients, in the context of a long-baseline experimental configuration. We study the particular case of DUNE and show its sensitivity to this type of new physics. The current IceCube experiment and upcoming neutrino experiments such as KM3NeT, IceCube-Gen2, and GRAND proposals may clarify these classes of neutrino non-standard interactions.

   hep-phgr-qchep-exEPJC(2025)·9 citations
5. 05*

   Gluonic Hidden-charm Tetraquark States

   Bing-Dong Wan🇨🇳 · Shuo Yang🇨🇳

   In this paper, a new type of hybrid state, which consists of two valence quarks and two valence antiquarks together with a valence gluon, the gluonic tetraquark states, are investigated. Twenty-four currents of the the gluonic hidden-charm tetraquark states in $[{\bar{3}}_c{]}_{cq}\otimes [8_c{]}_G\otimes [3_c{]}_{\bar{c}\overline{q^{\prime }}}$ configuration are constructed, and their mass spectrum are evaluated in the framework of QCD sum rules with quantum numbers of $J^P=0^{+}$, $0^{-}$, $1^{-}$, and $1^{+}$. The nonperturbative contributions up to dimension 8 are taken into account. The results indicate that there may be exist 14 gluonic hidden-charm tetraquark states, and their corresponding hidden-bottom partners are also evaluated. The possible production and decay modes of the gluonic tetraquark states are analyzed, which are hopefully measurable in BESIII, BELLEII, PANDA, Super-B, and LHCb experiments.

   hep-phEPJA(2025)·14 citations
6. 06*

   Probing exotic long-lived particles from the prompt side using the CONTUR method

   Louie Corpe🇫🇷 · Andreas Goudelis🇫🇷 · Simon Jeannot🇫🇷 · Si Hyun Jeon🇺🇸

   A method to derive constraints on new physics models featuring exotic long-lived particles using detector-corrected measurements of prompt states is presented. The CONTUR workflow is modified to either account for the fraction of long-lived particles which decay early enough to be reconstructed as prompt, or to be sensitive to the recoil of such particles against a prompt system. This makes it possible to determine how many of signal events would be selected in the RIVET routines which encapsulate the fiducial regions of dozens of measurements of Standard Model processes by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations. New constraints are set on several popular exotic long-lived particle models in the very short-lifetime or very long-lifetime regimes, which are often poorly covered by direct searches. The probed models include feebly-interacting dark matter, hidden sector models mediated by a heavy neutral scalar, dark photon models and a model featuring photo-phobic axion-like particles.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2025)·3 citations
7. 07*

   Next-to-Leading-Order QCD Predictions for the Nucleon Form Factors

   Yong-Kang Huang🇨🇳 · Bo-Xuan Shi🇨🇳 · Yu-Ming Wang🇨🇳 · Xue-Chen Zhao🇨🇳

   We accomplish for the first time the next-to-leading-order QCD computations of the leading-twist contributions to the Dirac form factors of both the proton and the neutron by applying the hard-collinear factorization theorem rigorously. The resulting predictions for these baryon form factors indicate that the one-loop perturbative corrections to the hard-gluon-exchange contributions are numerically substantial for a wide range of momentum transfers accessible in the current and forthcoming collider experiments. Including further the (formally) power-suppressed soft contributions due to the celebrated Feynman mechanism, we then perform the state-of-the-art analysis of the Dirac electromagnetic nucleon form factors from first field-theoretical principles, thus allowing for the most robust determinations of the nucleon distribution amplitudes from the direct comparison with the experimental measurements.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPRL(2025)·12 citations
8. 08*

   Constraints on the parameters of keV-scale mass annihilating Dark Matter obtained with SRG/ART-XC observations

   E. I. Zakharov🇷🇺 · V. V. Barinov🇷🇺 · R. A. Burenin🇷🇺 · D. S. Gorbunov🇷🇺 · R. A. Krivonos🇷🇺

   In this paper we present new constraints on the velocity-independent cross section of keV-scale mass annihilating Dark Matter particles obtained with SRG/ART-XC after 4 full-sky surveys. These constraints are derived from observations of the Milky Way Halo, 33 Local Group spheroidal dwarf (dSph) galaxies and separately for the dSph galaxy Ursa Major III/UNIONS 1. The constraints from the Milky Way Halo are the strongest among others and among all available in literature for this class of Dark Matter models with particle masses from 4 to 15 keV.

   ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·1 citation
9. 09*

   Towards unveiling the large-scale nature of gravity with the wavelet scattering transform

   Georgios Valogiannis🇺🇸 · Francisco Villaescusa-Navarro🇺🇸 · Marco Baldi🇮🇹

   We present the first application of the Wavelet Scattering Transform (WST) in order to constrain the nature of gravity using the three-dimensional (3D) large-scale structure of the universe. Utilizing the Quijote-MG N-body simulations, we can reliably model the 3D matter overdensity field for the f(R) Hu-Sawicki modified gravity (MG) model down to $k_{\max }=0.5$ h/Mpc. Combining these simulations with the Quijote $\nu$CDM collection, we then conduct a Fisher forecast of the marginalized constraints obtained on gravity using the WST coefficients and the matter power spectrum at redshift z=0. Our results demonstrate that the WST substantially improves upon the 1$\sigma$ error obtained on the parameter that captures deviations from standard General Relativity (GR), yielding a tenfold improvement compared to the corresponding matter power spectrum result. At the same time, the WST also enhances the precision on the $\Lambda$CDM parameters and the sum of neutrino masses, by factors of 1.2-3.4 compared to the matter power spectrum, respectively. Despite the overall reduction in the WST performance when we focus on larger scales, it still provides a relatively $4.5\times$ tighter 1$\sigma$ error for the MG parameter at $k_{\max }=0.2$ h/Mpc, highlighting its great sensitivity to the underlying gravity theory. This first proof-of-concept study reaffirms the constraining properties of the WST technique and paves the way for exciting future applications in order to perform precise large-scale tests of gravity with the new generation of cutting-edge cosmological data.

   ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phphysics.data-anJCAP(2024)·13 citations
10. 10*

    Absorbing discretisation effects with a massive renormalization scheme: the charm-quark mass

    Luigi Del Debbio🇬🇧 · Felix Erben🇨🇭 · Jonathan M. Flynn🇬🇧 · Rajnandini Mukherjee🇬🇧 · J. Tobias Tsang🇨🇭

    We present the first numerical implementation of the massive SMOM (mSMOM) renormalization scheme and use it to calculate the charm quark mass. Based on ensembles with three flavours of dynamical domain wall fermions with lattice spacings in the range 0.11 -- 0.08 fm, we demonstrate that the mass scale which defines the mSMOM scheme can be chosen such that the extrapolation has significantly smaller discretisation effects than the SMOM scheme. Converting our results to the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme we obtain ${\overline{m}}_c(3\mathrm{GeV})=1.008(13)\mathrm{GeV}$ and ${\overline{m}}_c({\overline{m}}_c)=1.292(12)\mathrm{GeV}$.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
11. 11*

    Gravitational waves from a curvature-induced phase transition of a Higgs-portal dark matter sector

    Andreas Mantziris🇵🇹 · Orfeu Bertolami🇵🇹

    The study of interactions between dark matter and the Higgs field opens an exciting connection between cosmology and particle physics, since such scenarios can impact the features of dark matter as well as interfering with the spontaneous breaking of the electroweak symmetry. Furthermore, such Higgs-portal models of dark matter should be suitably harmonised with the various epochs of the universe and the phenomenological constraints imposed by collider experiments. At the same time, the prospect of a stochastic gravitational wave background offers a promising new window into the primordial universe, which can complement the insights gained from accelerators. In this study, we examined whether gravitational waves can be generated from a curvature-induced phase transition of a non-minimally coupled dark scalar field with a portal coupling to the Higgs field. The main requirement is that the phase transition is of first order, which can be achieved through the introduction of a cubic term on the scalar potential and the sign change of the curvature scalar. This mechanism was investigated in the context of a dynamical spacetime during the transition from inflation to kination, while also considering the possibility for inducing electroweak symmetry breaking in this manner for a sufficiently low reheating temperature when the Higgs-portal coupling is extremely weak. We considered a large range of inflationary scales and both cases of positive and negative values for the non-minimal coupling, while taking into account the bound imposed by Big Bang Nucleosythesis. The resulting gravitational wave amplitudes are boosted by kination and thus constrain the parameter space of the couplings significantly. Even though the spectra lie at high frequencies for the standard high inflationary scales, there are combinations of parameter space where they could be probed with future experiments.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·9 citations
12. 12*

    Causality and stability in relativistic hydrodynamic theory -- a choice to be endured

    Sayantani Bhattacharyya🇬🇧 · Sukanya Mitra🇮🇳 · Shuvayu Roy🇮🇳

    In this work, it has been indicated that the key features requisite for preserving causality and stability of the popularly existing relativistic hydrodynamic theories, can be translated into each other. It has been shown here, that a generic `fluid frame transformation' including all orders of gradient corrections can recast a stable-causal hydrodynamic theory that (i) only includes fundamental fluid variables (velocity and temperature) but requires to be in a general hydrodynamic frame other than the Landau or Eckart, to a theory that is (ii) pathology free in Landau frame but needs newer degrees of freedom. Since frame choice provides the first principle field definitions and degrees of freedom indicate the number of conserved quantities, the causality and stability of a theory seem to require a consensus between the two unless the derivative correction goes to infinity. The key finding of this work is to indicate a connection between these different formalisms, that lead to a causal and stable hydrodynamic theory.

    ↳ nucl-thgr-qchep-phhep-thPLB(2024)·12 citations
13. 13*

    Can we learn from matter creation to solve the $H_0$ tension problem?

    Emilio Elizalde🇪🇸 · Martiros Khurshudyan🇪🇸 · Sergei D. Odintsov🇪🇸

    The $H_0$ tension problem is studied in the light of a matter creation mechanism (an effective approach to replacing dark energy), the way to define the matter creation rate being of pure phenomenological nature. Bayesian (probabilistic) Machine Learning is used to learn the constraints on the free parameters of the models, with the learning being based on the generated expansion rate, $H(z)$. Taking advantage of the method, the constraints for three redshift ranges are learned. Namely, for the two redshift ranges: $z\in [0,2]$~(cosmic chronometers) and $z\in [0,2.5]$~(cosmic chronometers + BAO), covering already available $H(z)$ data, to validate the learned results; and for a third redshift interval, $z\in [0,5]$, for forecasting purposes. It is learned that the $3\alpha H_0$ term in the creation rate provides options that have the potential to solve the $H_0$ tension problem.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thEPJC(2024)·12 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.