Wed·Jun 5, 2024Wednesday·June 5, 2024

1. 01*

   Dark Matter

   Marco Cirelli🇫🇷 · Alessandro Strumia🇮🇹 · Jure Zupan🇺🇸

   We review observational, experimental and theoretical results related to Dark Matter.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HESciPost Phys.Rev.(2026)·647 citations
2. 02*

   Reopening the Z portal with semi-annihilations

   María J. Domínguez🇨🇴 · Oscar Rodríguez🇨🇴 · Óscar Zapata🇨🇴

   In one-component dark matter (DM) scenarios is commonly assumed that a scalar WIMP must either be part of an $SU(2{)}_L$ multiplet with zero hypercharge or have suppressed vector interactions with the $Z$ gauge boson to circumvent stringent direct detection (DD) bounds. In this work, we demonstrate that multi-component scenarios with a dark scalar doublet exhibiting vector-like interactions with the $Z$ boson are also compatible with bounds arising from DD searches. Specifically, we consider a simple extension of the Standard Model wherein the dark sector comprises a doublet and a complex singlet $\varphi$, both charged under a $Z_6$ symmetry. We find that semi-annihilation processes drastically reduce the relic abundance of the neutral component of the doublet, $H^0$, sufficiently attenuating the effects of its large $Z$-mediated elastic scattering cross-section with nucleons to satisfy the DD constraints. Although the contribution of $H^0$ to the total relic abundance is nearly negligible, with $\varphi$ dominating, both dark matter components are expected to be detectable in ongoing and future DD experiments. The viability of the model is tested against several theoretical and experimental constraints, resulting in a parameter space featuring a non-degenerate mass spectrum at the electroweak scale.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·2 citations
3. 03*

   Dip-Bump Structure in Proton's Single Diffractive Dissociation at the Large Hadron Collider

   László Jenkovszky🇺🇦 · Rainer Schicker🇩🇪 · István Szanyi🇭🇺

   By extending the dipole Pomeron (DP) model, successful in describing elastic nucleon-nucleon scattering, to proton single diffractive dissociation (SD), we predict a dip-bump structure in the squared four-momentum transfer ($t$) distribution of proton's SD. Structures in the $t$ distribution of single diffractive dissociation are predicted around $t=-4$ GeV${}^2$ at LHC energies in the range of 3 GeV${}^2$ $\lesssim |t|\lesssim$ 7 GeV${}^2$. Apart from the dependence on $s$ (total energy squared) and $t$ (squared momentum transfer), we predict also a dependence on missing masses. We include the minimum set of Regge trajectories, namely the Pomeron and the Odderon, indispensable at the LHC. Further generalization, e.g., by the inclusion of non-leading Regge trajectories, is straightforward. The present model contains two types of Regge trajectories: those connected with $t$-channel exchanges (the Pomeron, the Odderon, and non-leading (secondary) reggeons) appearing at small and moderate $-t$, where they are real and nearly linear, as well as direct-channel trajectories $\alpha (M^2)$ related to missing masses. In this paper, we concentrate on structures in $t$ neglecting (for the time being) resonances in $M^2$.

   hep-phUniverse(2024)·1 citation
4. 04*

   Scaling laws of elastic proton-proton scattering differential cross sections

   Cristian Baldenegro🇮🇹 · Michal Praszalowicz🇵🇱 · Christophe Royon🇺🇸 · Anna M. Stasto🇺🇸

   We show that elastic scattering $pp\to pp$ differential cross sections as function of the four-momentum transfer square $|t|$ have a universal property, such that the ratio of bump-to-dip positions is constant from the energies of the ISR to the LHC, from tens of GeV and up to the TeV scale. We explore this property to compare the geometrical scaling observed at the ISR with the recently proposed scaling law at the LHC. We argue that, at the LHC, within present experimental uncertainties, there is in fact a family of scaling laws. We discuss the constraints that the scaling laws impose on the parametrization of the elastic $pp\to pp$ scattering amplitude.

   hep-phPLB(2024)·13 citations
5. 05*

   NNPDF4.0 aN${}^3$LO PDFs with QED corrections

   Andrea Barontini🇮🇹 · Niccolo Laurenti🇮🇹 · Juan Rojo🇳🇱

   We review recent progress in the global determination of the collinear parton distributions (PDFs) of the proton within the NNPDF framework. This progress includes NNPDF4.0 variants with QED effects and with missing higher order uncertainties (MHOUs) via the theory covariance matrix formalism, as well as PDFs based on QCD calculations at approximate N${}^3$LO (aN${}^3$LO) accuracy. We present the combination of these theoretical developments resulting into NNPDF4.0 aN${}^3$LO variants accounting for QED corrections and with a photon PDF. We compare these aN${}^3$LO QED PDFs with analogous results obtained by the MSHT group, and briefly quantify their implications at the level of representative LHC cross-sections.

   hep-ph14 citations
6. 06*

   Pionic transitions of the spin-2 partner of $X(3872)$ to ${\chi }_{cJ}$

   Shi-Dong Liu (1)🇨🇳 · Fan Wang (1)🇨🇳 · Zhao-Sai Jia (1 and 2)🇨🇳 · Gang Li (1)🇨🇳 · Xiao-Hai Liu (3)🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie (4, 5 and 6) ((1) College of Physics and Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, China, (2) CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (3) Center for Joint Quantum Studies and Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China, (4) Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China, (5) School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, (6) Southern Center for Nuclear-Science Theory (SCNT), Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huizhou, Guangdong, China)🇨🇳

   We investigated the pionic transitions between the $X_2$ [spin-2 partner of the $X(3872)$] and ${\chi }_{c1,2}$ using a nonrelativistic effective field theory. The $X_2$ is assumed to be a bound state of the $D^{\ast }$ and ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ mesons and to decay through several kinds of loops, including the bubble, triangle and box loops. Within the present model, the widths for the single-pion decays $X_2\to {\pi }^0{\chi }_{cJ}$ are predicted to be about $3$--$30$ keV. For the dipion decays, the widths are a few keVs. These widths yield a branching fraction of $10^{-3}$--$10^{-2}$. The ratio $R_{\mathrm{c}0}=\Gamma (X_2\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\chi }_{cJ})/\Gamma (X_2\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^0{\chi }_{cJ})\simeq 1.6$, which is a bit smaller than the expected value of $2$, and $R_{21}=\Gamma (X_2\to \pi \pi {\chi }_{c2})/\Gamma (X_2\to \pi \pi {\chi }_{c1})\simeq 0.85$. These ratios are nearly independent of the $X_2$ mass and the coupling constants, which might be a good quantity for the experiments. Moreover, the invariant mass spectra of the ${\pi }^0{\chi }_{cJ}$ final state for the dipion processes are presented, showing a cusp structure at the $D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ threshold enhanced and narrowed by the nearby triangle singularity.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·8 citations
7. 07*

   Quasifragmentation functions in the massive Schwinger model

   Sebastian Grieninger🇺🇸 · Ismail Zahed🇺🇸

   We introduce the concept of the quark quasifragmentation function (qFF) using an equal-time and spatially boosted form of the Collins-Soper fragmentation function where the out-meson fragment is replaced by the current asymptotic condition. We derive the qFF for a fermion in two-dimensional quantum electrodynamics (QED2) using the Kogut-Susskind Hamiltonian after a mapping onto spin qubits in a spatial lattice with open boundary conditions. This form is suitable for quantum computations. We compute the qFF by exact diagonalization of the spin Hamiltonian. The results are compared to the qFF following from the Drell-Levy-Yan result for QED2, both at strong and weak coupling, and to two-dimensional quantum chromodynamics in the lowest Fock approximation.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-th+1PRD(2024)·21 citations
8. 08*

   Explaining the possible 95 GeV excesses in the B-L symmetric SSM

   Jin-Lei Yang🇨🇳 · Ming-Hui Guo🇨🇳 · Wen-Hui Zhang🇨🇳 · Hai-Bin Zhang🇨🇳 · Tai-Fu Feng🇨🇳

   Motivated by the excesses around 95 GeV observed in the diphoton and $b\bar{b}$ data, this study focuses on investigating these two excesses within the framework of the $B-L$ supersymmetric model (B-LSSM), due to the existence of two light Higgs bosons in the model. Considering the two-loop effective potential corrections, it is found that the B-LSSM is hard to fit the 125 GeV Higgs signal strengths and the two excesses around 95 GeV in the experimental $1\sigma$ intervals, while the model can reproduce them in the experimental $2\sigma$ intervals simultaneously. And considering the two loop effective potential corrections to the squared Higgs mass matrix is important to account for the mixing effects among Higgs sector.

   hep-ph9 citations
9. 09*

   Lepton Flavor Violation at FCC-ee and CEPC

   Pankaj Munbodh🇺🇸

   Lepton flavor violating processes are highly suppressed in the Standard Model. Therefore, if observed, lepton flavor violation would be a clear indication of new physics beyond the Standard Model. We study the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \tau \mu$ at tree-level in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory both on the $Z$-pole and at higher center-of-mass energies. We show that the constraints derived from the future circular $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders FCC-ee and CEPC, are complementary to those obtained from low-energy tau decays at BaBar and Belle, as well as projections from Belle-II.

   hep-phSciPost Phys.Proc.(2025)·3 citations
10. 10*

    The Benchmark Mode ${\Omega }_c\to {\Omega }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ and Its Related Processes

    Shuge Zeng🇨🇳 · Fanrong Xu🇨🇳 · Yu Gu🇨🇳

    The benchmark mode ${\Omega }_c^0\to {\Omega }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$, which receives purely factorization contribution, is of great importance among all the decay channels of ${\Omega }_c^0$ decays. In this work, within the framework of non-relativistic quark model (NRQM), we calculate all the 6 baryon transition form factors involving ${\frac{1}{2}}^{+}\to {\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$ decays. The absolute branching fractions of non-leptonic decays ${\Omega }_c^0\to {\Omega }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$, ${\Omega }_c^0\to {\Omega }^{-}{\rho }^{+}$ and ${\Omega }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ as well as semi-leptonic decays ${\Omega }_c^0\to {\Omega }^{-}{\ell }^{+}{\nu }_{\ell }(\ell =e,\mu )$ are calculated although they cannot be measured directly by current experiment. Based on the prediction $\mathcal{B}({\Omega }_c^0\to {\Omega }^{-}{\pi }^{+})=(3.43\pm 0.48)\%$ in our work, we further predict the ratios between interested modes and the benchmark mode, giving $R({\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})=0.16\pm 0.06$, $R({\Omega }^{-}{\rho }^{+})=5.33\pm 0.94$, $R({\Omega }^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu }_e)=1.18\pm 0.22$ and $R({\Omega }^{-}{\mu }^{+}{\nu }_{\mu })=1.11\pm 0.20$. The predictions on ${\Omega }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ and ${\Omega }_c^0\to {\Omega }^{-}{e}^{+}\nu$ agree well with recent measured ratios reported by LHCb in 2023 and ALICE in 2024, respectively.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·5 citations
11. 11*

    Extracting the partonic structure of colorless exchanges at the Electron Ion Collider

    Néstor Armesto🇪🇸 · Paul R. Newman🇬🇧 · Wojciech Słomiński🇵🇱 · Anna M. Staśto🇺🇸

    We investigate the determination of the partonic structure of colorless exchanges in deep inelastic diffractive $ep$ scattering at the Electron Ion Collider, using the standard decomposition into Pomeron and Reggeon contributions. We perform fits to simulated diffractive cross section pseudodata in four variables, including the momentum transfer $t$, to estimate the achievable precision on the Pomeron and Reggeon quark and gluon distributions. We analyze the influence of different cuts in the kinematic variables, beam energy configurations and luminosities, including a `first year' scenario. We conclude that the EIC will be able to constrain the partonic structure of the sub-leading Reggeon exchange with a precision comparable to that of the leading Pomeron exchange.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Constraining P and T Violating Forces with Chiral Molecules

    C. Baruch🇮🇱 · P. B. Changala🇺🇸 · Y. Shagam🇷🇺 · Y. Soreq🇮🇱

    New sources of parity and time reversal violation are predicted by well motivated extensions of the Standard Model and can be effectively probed by precision spectroscopy of atoms and molecules. Chiral molecules have distinguished enantiomers which are related by parity transformation. Thus, they are promising candidates to search for parity violation at molecular scales, yet to be observed. In this work, we show that precision spectroscopy of the hyperfine structure of chiral molecules is sensitive to new physics sources of parity and time reversal violation. In particular, such a study can be sensitive to regions unexplored by terrestial experiments of a new chiral spin-1 particle that couples to nucleons. We explore the potential to hunt for time reversal violation in chiral molecules and show that it can be a complementary measurement to other probes. We assess the feasibility of such hyperfine metrology and project the sensitivity in CHDBrI${}^{+}$.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.atom-phphysics.chem-phPRResearch(2024)·7 citations
13. 13*

    Piecewise linear potentials for false vacuum decay and negative modes

    Wen-Yuan Ai🇬🇧 · Jean Alexandre🇬🇧 · Sarben Sarkar🇬🇧

    We study bounce solutions and associated negative modes in the class of piecewise linear triangular-shaped potentials that may be viewed as approximations of smooth potentials. In these simple potentials, the bounce solution and action can be obtained analytically for a general spacetime dimension $D$. The eigenequations for the fluctuations around the bounce are universal and have the form of a Schrödinger-like equation with delta-function potentials. This Schrödinger equation is solved exactly for the negative modes whose number is confirmed to be one. The latter result may justify the usefulness of such piecewise linear potentials in the study of false vacuum decay.

    hep-phhep-thquant-phPRD(2024)·1 citation
14. 14*

    Quasi-two-body decays $B\to P{f}_0(500)\to P{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ in the perturbative QCD approach

    Jia-Wei Zhang🇨🇳 · Bo-Yan Cui🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳 · Hai-Bing Fu🇨🇳 · Ya-Hui Chen🇨🇳

    In this paper, we study the quasi-two-body decays $B\to P{f}_0(500)\to P{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ [with $P=(\pi ,K,\eta ,{\eta }^{\prime })$] within framework of perturbative QCD (PQCD) factorization approach. With the help of $\pi$-$\pi$ distribution amplitude and scalar form factor $F_{\pi \pi }({\omega }^2)$, we calculate the $CP$ averaged branching fraction and the $CP$ asymmetry for the quasi-two-body decays $B\to P{f}_0(500)\to P{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$. Taking the quasi-two-body decay $B^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}{f}_0(500)\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ as an explicit example, we present the behavior of differential branching fraction and direct $CP$ violation versus the $\pi$-$\pi$ invariant mass. The total branching fraction and direct $CP$ violation are $\mathcal{B}(B^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}[\sigma \to ]{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})=(1.78\pm 0.41\pm 0.51)\times 10^{-6}$ and ${\mathcal{A}}_{CP}(B^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}[\sigma \to ]{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})=(29.8\pm 11.1\pm 13.0)\%$ respectively. Our results could be tested by further experiments.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·4 citations
15. 15*

    Spinor-helicity calculation of the $g^{\ast }{g}^{\ast }\to q\overline{q}{V}^{\ast }$ amplitude at the tree level

    Jan Ferdyan🇵🇱 · Błażej Ruba🇩🇰

    We compute amplitudes for the process $g^{\ast }{g}^{\ast }\to q\overline{q}{V}^{\ast }$ (two virtual gluons into a quark, antiquark and a boson) at the tree level using the spinor-helicity formalism. The resulting analytic expressions are much shorter than squared amplitudes obtained using trace methods. Our results can be used to expedite numerical calculations in phenomenological studies of the Drell-Yan process in high energy factorization framework.

    hep-phhep-thActa Phys.Polon.B(2024)·1 citation
16. 16*

    Electromagnetic corrections in hadronic tau decays

    Alejandro Miranda🇪🇸

    We briefly review electromagnetic radiative corrections in semileptonic tau decays and their main applications.

    hep-phhep-exSciPost Phys.Proc.(2025)·0 citations
17. 17*

    Non-holomorphic modular flavor symmetry

    Bu-Yao Qu🇨🇳 · Gui-Jun Ding🇨🇳

    The formalism of non-holomorphic modular flavor symmetry is developed, and the Yukawa couplings are level $N$ polyharmonic Maaß forms satisfying the Laplacian condition. We find that the integer (even) weight polyharmonic Maaß forms of level $N$ can be decomposed into multiplets of the finite modular group ${\Gamma }_N^{\prime }$ (${\Gamma }_N$). The original modular invariance approach is extended by the presence of negative weight polyharmonic Maaß forms. The non-holomorphic modular flavor symmetry can be consistently combined with the generalized CP symmetry. We present three example models for lepton sector based on the ${\Gamma }_3\cong A_4$ modular symmetry, the charged lepton masses and the neutrino oscillation data can be accommodated very well, and the predictions for the leptonic CP violation phases and the effective Majorana neutrino mass are studied.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·50 citations
18. 18*

    Dark photon limits from patchy dark screening of the cosmic microwave background

    Fiona McCarthy🇬🇧 · Dalila Pirvu🇨🇦 · J. Colin Hill🇺🇸 · Junwu Huang🇨🇦 · Matthew C. Johnson🇨🇦 · Keir K. Rogers🇨🇦

    Dark photons that kinetically mix with the Standard Model photon give rise to new spectral anisotropies (patchy dark screening) in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) due to conversion of photons to dark photons within large-scale structure. We utilize predictions for this patchy dark screening signal to provide the tightest constraints to date on the dark photon kinetic mixing parameter ($\epsilon \lesssim 4\times 10^{-8}$ (95% confidence level)) over the mass range $10^{-13}\mathrm{eV}\lesssim m_{A^{\prime }}\lesssim 10^{-11}$ eV, almost an order of magnitude stronger than previous limits, by applying state-of-the-art component separation techniques to the cross-correlation of $\text{Planck}$ CMB and $\text{unWISE}$ galaxy survey data.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRL(2024)·30 citations
19. 19*

    {\mu}TRISTAN and LHC/Tevatron/FCC/SppC Based Antimuon-Hadron Colliders

    Dilara Akturk🇹🇷 · Burak Dagli🇹🇷 · Bora Ketenoglu🇹🇷 · Arif Ozturk🇹🇷 · Saleh Sultansoy🇹🇷

    Recently, the construction of {\mu^+}{e^-} and {\mu^+}{\mu^+} colliders, {\mu}TRISTAN, at KEK has been proposed. We argue that the construction of a similar {\mu^+} ring tangential to LHC/Tevatron/FCC/SppC will give an opportunity to realize {\mu^+}p and {\mu^+}A collisions at multi-TeV scale center-of-mass energies. In this paper the main parameters of proposed colliders have been studied. It is shown that sufficiently high luminosities can be achieved for all proposals under consideration: L exceeds {10^{33} cm^{-2}s^{-1}} for {\mu^+}p colliders and {10^{30} cm^{-2}s^{-1}} for {\mu^+}A colliders. Certainly, proposed colliders will provide huge potential for both SM (especially QCD basics) and BSM physics searches.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.acc-ph4 citations
20. 20*

    A new standard for the logarithmic accuracy of parton showers

    Melissa van Beekveld🇳🇱 · Mrinal Dasgupta🇬🇧 · Basem Kamal El-Menoufi🇦🇺 · Silvia Ferrario Ravasio🇨🇭 · Keith Hamilton🇬🇧 · Jack Helliwell🇬🇧 · Alexander Karlberg🇨🇭 · Pier Francesco Monni🇨🇭 · Gavin P. Salam🇬🇧 · Ludovic Scyboz🇦🇺 · Alba Soto-Ontoso🇨🇭 · Gregory Soyez🇫🇷

    We report on a major milestone in the construction of logarithmically accurate final-state parton showers, achieving next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNLL) accuracy for the wide class of observables known as event shapes. The key to this advance lies in the identification of the relation between critical NNLL analytic resummation ingredients and their parton-shower counterparts. Our analytic discussion is supplemented with numerical tests of the logarithmic accuracy of three shower variants for more than a dozen distinct event-shape observables in $Z\to q\bar{q}$ and Higgs $\to gg$ decays. The NNLL terms are phenomenologically sizeable, as illustrated in comparisons to data.

    hep-phhep-exPRL(2025)·50 citations
21. 21*

    Higher-order corrections to phase-transition parameters in dimensional reduction

    Mikael Chala🇪🇸 · Juan Carlos Criado🇪🇸 · Luis Gil🇪🇸 · Javier López Miras🇪🇸

    The dynamics of phase transitions (PT) in quantum field theories at finite temperature is most accurately described within the framework of dimensional reduction. In this framework, thermodynamic quantities are computed within the 3-dimensional effective field theory (EFT) that results from integrating out the high-temperature Matsubara modes. However, strong-enough PTs, observable in gravitational wave (GW) detectors, occur often nearby the limit of validity of the EFT, where effective operators can no longer be neglected. Here, we perform a quantitative analysis of the impact of these interactions on the determination of PT parameters. We find that they allow for strong PTs in a wider region of parameter space, and that both the peak frequency and the amplitude of the resulting GW power spectrum can change by more than one order of magnitude when they are included. As a byproduct of this work, we derive equations for computing the bounce solution in the presence of higher-derivative terms, consistently with the EFT power counting.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJHEP(2024)·52 citations
22. 22*

    Flavor Hierarchies From SU(2) Flavor and Quark-Lepton Unification

    Admir Greljo🇨🇭 · Anders Eller Thomsen🇨🇭 · Hector Tiblom🇨🇭

    In our recent attempt to explain flavor hierarchies [1], a gauged SU(2) flavor symmetry acting on left-handed fermions provides a ground to introduce three independent rank-one contributions to the Yukawa matrices: a renormalizable one for the third family, a mass-suppressed one for the second family, and an additional loop-suppressed factor for the first family. Here, we demonstrate how minimal quark-lepton unification à la Pati-Salam, relating down-quarks to charged leptons, can significantly improve this mechanism. We construct and thoroughly analyze a renormalizable model, performing a comprehensive one-loop matching calculation that reveals how all flavor hierarchies emerge from a single ratio of two scales. The first signatures may appear in the upcoming charged lepton flavor violation experiments.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·18 citations
23. 23*

    SIREN: An Open Source Neutrino Injection Toolkit

    Austin Schneider🇺🇸 · Nicholas W. Kamp🇺🇸 · Alex Y. Wen🇺🇸

    Modeling of rare neutrino processes often relies on either simple approximations or expensive detector simulations. The former is often not sufficient for interactions with complex morphologies, while the latter is too time-intensive for phenomenological studies. We present SIREN (Sampling and Injection for Rare EveNts), a new tool for neutrino phenomenology and experimental searches alike that enables accurate interaction and detector geometry modeling without the overhead of detailed detector response simulations. SIREN handles the injection of rare process final states and the associated weighting calculations with the speed needed for phenomenological investigations and the detail necessary for dedicated experimental searches. The extensible design of SIREN allows it to support a wide range of experimental designs and Beyond-Standard-Model neutrino interactions. Users need only specify the physical process, detector geometry, and initial neutrino flux under consideration before they can accurately simulate a model in their detector of choice. We demonstrate the capability of SIREN through two examples: (1) Standard Model ${\nu }_{\mu }$ deep inelastic scattering in IceCube, DUNE, and ATLAS; and (2) heavy neutral lepton interactions in MiniBooNE, MINER$\nu$A, CCM. A variety of detector geometry descriptions, interaction cross sections, and neutrino fluxes are also provided for users to get started with immediately.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2025)·8 citations
24. 24*

    Gravitational Wave Driven Inspirals of Binaries Connected by Cosmic Strings

    Ahmed Sheta🇺🇸 · Yuri Levin🇺🇸

    We consider gravitational waves from a pair of monopoles or black holes that are moving non-relativistically and are connected by a cosmic string. Shortly after the binary's formation, the connecting string straightens due the direct coupling of its motion to gravitational radiation. Afterwards, the motion of the binary can be well-approximated by a non-relativistic motion of its components that have an additional constant mutual attraction force due to the tension of the straight string that connects them. The orbit shrinks due to the gravitational radiation backreacting on the binary's components. We find that if the binary's semimajor axis $a\gg \sqrt{R_1{R}_2/\mu }$, its eccentricity grows on the inspiral's timescale; here $R_1$ and $R_2$ are the gravitational radii of the binary components, and $\mu$ is the dimensionless tension of the string. When the eccentricity is high, it approaches unity super-exponentially. If the binary's components are monopole-antimonopole pair, this leads to the physical collision that would likely destroy the string and annihilate the monopoles when the semimajor axis is still many orders of magnitude greater than the string thickness. If the binary's components are black holes, then the eccentricity reaches its peak when $a\sim \sqrt{R_1{R}_2/\mu }$, and then decays according to the standard Peter's formula. The black-hole spins initially become locked to the orbital motion, but then lag behind as the inspiral proceeds. We estimate the string-tension-induced dimensionless spins just prior to the merger and find them to be $\sim {\mu }^{3/8}\ll 1$.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2024)·0 citations
25. 25*

    Basis for Non-Factorizable Superamplitudes in N = 1 Supersymmetry

    Antonio Delgado🇺🇸 · Adam Martin🇺🇸 · Runqing Wang🇺🇸

    In this paper we develop a semi-standard Young tableau (SSYT) approach to construct a basis of non-factorizable superamplitudes in N = 1 massless supersymmetry. This amplitude basis can be directly translated to a basis for higher dimensional supersymmetric operators, yielding both the number of independent operators and their form. We deal with distinguishable (massless) chiral/vector superfields at first, then generalize the result to the indistinguishable case. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this method compared to the previously studied Hilbert series approach.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2024)·2 citations
26. 26*

    50 GeV ${\pi }^{-}$ in, nothing out: a sensitive probe of invisible $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ decays with NA64h

    Yu. M. Andreev · A. Antonov · M. A. Ayala Torres · D. Banerjee · B. Banto Oberhauser · J. Bernhard · P. Bisio · A. Celentano · N. Charitonidis · D. Cooke · P. Crivelli · E. Depero and 45 other authors

    We present the first results from a proof-of-concept search for dark sectors via invisible decays of pseudoscalar $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ mesons in the NA64h experiment at the CERN SPS. Our novel technique uses the charge-exchange reaction of 50 GeV ${\pi }^{-}$ on nuclei of an active target as the source of neutral mesons. The $\eta ,{\eta }^{\prime }\to invisible$ events would exhibit themselves via a striking signature - the complete disappearance of the incoming beam energy in the detector. No evidence for such events has been found with $2.9\times 10^9$ pions on target accumulated during one day of data taking. This allows us to set a stringent limit on the branching ratio $\mathrm{Br}({\eta }^{\prime }\to invisible)<2.1\times 10^{-4}$ improving the current bound by a factor of $\simeq 3$. We also set a limit on $\mathrm{Br}(\eta \to invisible)<1.1\times 10^{-4}$ comparable with the existing one. These results demonstrate the great potential of our approach and provide clear guidance on how to enhance and extend the sensitivity for dark sector physics from future searches for invisible neutral meson decays.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRL(2024)·23 citations
27. 27*

    Review of searches for new physics at CMS

    Anne-Mazarine Lyon🇨🇭

    A review of recent results from searches for new physics is presented. The analyses exploit data sets collected by the CMS experiment during Run 2 of the CERN LHC. Searches for exotic particles decaying into two bosons and for heavy neutral leptons, as well as a model-agnostic search based on anomaly detection are summarised. No significant sign for the presence of new physics was found. Prospects for the CMS parking strategy during Run 3 are also discussed.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph4 citations
28. 28*

    On the non-uniqueness of the energy-momentum and spin currents

    Rajeev Singh🇷🇴

    The macroscopic energy-momentum and spin densities of relativistic spin hydrodynamics are obtained from the ensemble average of their respective microscopic definitions (quantum operators). These microscopic definitions suffer from ambiguities, meaning that one may obtain different forms of symmetric energy-momentum tensor and spin tensor through pseudogauge transformations (or, in other words, Belinfante improvement procedure). However, this ambiguity may be fixed if we obtain these currents using Noether's second theorem instead of widely used Noether's first theorem. The second theorem fixes the super-potential determined by local symmetry, thereby selecting a unique physically consistent pseudogauge. In this article, we use Noether's second theorem to derive energy-momentum and spin currents without the need of pseudogauge transformations for free Dirac massive particles with spin one-half.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MP+2Int.J.Mod.Phys.A(2026)·9 citations
29. 29*

    Quantum Statistical Effects on Warm Dark Matter and the Mass Constraint from the Cosmic Structure at Small Scales

    Zhijian Zhang🇨🇳 · Weikang Lin🇨🇳

    The suppression of the small-scale matter power spectrum is a distinct feature of Warm Dark Matter (WDM), which permits a constraint on the WDM mass from galaxy surveys. In the thermal relic WDM scenario, quantum statistical effects are not manifest. In a unified framework, we investigate the quantum statistical effects for a fermion case with a degenerate pressure and a boson case with a Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC). Compared to the thermal relic case, the degenerate fermion case only slightly lowers the mass bound, while the boson case with a high initial BEC fraction ($\gtrsim 90\%$) significantly lowers it. On the other hand, the BEC fraction drops during the relativistic-to-nonrelativistic transition and completely disappears if the initial fraction is below $\sim 64$\%. Given the rising interest in resolving the late-time galaxy-scale problems with boson condensation, a question is posed on how a high initial BEC fraction can be dynamically created so that a condensed DM component remains today.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phApJL(2024)·3 citations
30. 30*

    Polyadic supersymmetry

    Steven Duplij (University of Münster)🇩🇪

    We introduce a polyadic analog of supersymmetry by considering the polyadization procedure (proposed by the author) applied to the toy model of one-dimensional supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The supercharges are generalized to polyadic ones using the $n$-ary sigma matrices defined in earlier work. In this way, polyadic analogs of supercharges and Hamiltonians take the cyclic shift block matrix form, and they can describe multidegenerated quantum states in a way that is different from the $N$-extended and multigraded SQM. While constructing the corresponding supersymmetry as an $n$-ary Lie superalgebra ($n$ is the arity of the initial associative multiplication), we have found new brackets with a reduced arity of $2\le m<n$ and a related series of $m$-ary superalgebras (which is impossible for binary superalgebras). In the case of even reduced arity $m$ we obtain a tower of higher order (as differential operators) even Hamiltonians, while for $m$ odd we get a tower of higher order odd supercharges, and the corresponding algebra consists of the odd sector only.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MP+2Universe(2025)·1 citation
31. 31*

    Bridging the micro-Hz gravitational wave gap via Doppler tracking with the Uranus Orbiter and Probe Mission: Massive black hole binaries, early universe signals and ultra-light dark matter

    Lorenz Zwick🇩🇰 · Deniz Soyuer🇨🇭 · Daniel J. D'Orazio🇩🇰 · David O'Neill🇩🇰 · Andrea Derdzinski🇺🇸 · Prasenjit Saha🇨🇭 · Diego Blas🇪🇸 · Alexander C. Jenkins🇬🇧 · Luke Zoltan Kelley🇺🇸

    With the recent announcement by NASA's \textit{Planetary Science and Astrobiology Decadal Survey 2023-2032}, a priority flagship mission to the planet Uranus is anticipated. Here, we explore the prospects of using the mission's radio Doppler tracking equipment to detect gravitational waves (GWs) and other analogous signals related to dark matter (DM) over the duration of its interplanetary cruise. We develop a methodology to stack tracking data and account for time varying detector geometry, thereby constructing the sensitivity of the mission to GWs over the wide frequency range of $3\times 10^{-9}$ Hz to $10^{-4}$ Hz. We find that the mission has the potential to fill the gap between pulsar timing and space-based-interferometry GW observatories. If improvements in reducing \textit{Cassini} era noise by a factor of $\sim$10 are implemented, we forecast the detection of $\mathcal{O}(\mathrm{few})$ individual massive black hole binaries using two independent population models. Additionally, we determine the mission's sensitivity to both astrophysical and primordial stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds, as well as its capacity to test, or even confirm via detection, ultralight DM models. In all these cases, the tracking of the spacecraft over its interplanetary cruise would enable coverage of unexplored regions of parameter space, where signals from new phenomena in our Universe may be lurking.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAgr-qc+1PRD(2025)·16 citations
32. 32*

    Primordial gravitational wave backgrounds from phase transitions with next generation ground based detectors

    Chiara Caprini🇨🇭 · Oriol Pujolàs🇪🇸 · Hippolyte Quelquejay-Leclere🇫🇷 · Fabrizio Rompineve🇪🇸 · Danièle A. Steer🇫🇷

    Third generation ground-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors, such as Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer, will operate in the $(\text{few}-10^4)$ Hz frequency band, with a boost in sensitivity providing an unprecedented reach into primordial cosmology. Working concurrently with pulsar timing arrays in the nHz band, and LISA in the mHz band, these 3G detectors will be powerful probes of beyond the standard model particle physics on scales $T\gtrsim 10^7$GeV. Here we focus on their ability to probe phase transitions (PTs) in the early universe. We first overview the landscape of detectors across frequencies, discuss the relevance of astrophysical foregrounds, and provide convenient and up-to-date power-law integrated sensitivity curves for these detectors. We then present the constraints expected from GW observations on first order PTs and on topological defects (strings and domain walls), which may be formed when a symmetry is broken irrespective of the order of the phase transition. These constraints can then be applied to specific models leading to first order PTs and/or topological defects. In particular we discuss the implications for axion models, which solve the strong CP problem by introducing a spontaneously broken Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry. For post-inflationary breaking, the PQ scale must lie in the $10^8-10^{11}$ GeV range, and so the signal from a first order PQ PT falls within reach of ground based 3G detectors. A scan in parameter space of signal-to-noise ratio in a representative model reveals their large potential to probe the nature of the PQ transition. Additionally, in heavy axion type models domain walls form, which can lead to a detectable GW background. We discuss their spectrum and summarise the expected constraints on these models from 3G detectors, together with SKA and LISA.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thClass.Quant.Grav.(2025)·25 citations
33. 33*

    Non-Gaussian tails without stochastic inflation

    Guillermo Ballesteros🇪🇸 · Thomas Konstandin🇩🇪 · Alejandro Pérez Rodríguez🇪🇸 · Mathias Pierre🇩🇪 · Julián Rey🇩🇪

    We show, both analytically and numerically, that non-Gaussian tails in the probability density function of curvature perturbations arise in ultra-slow-roll inflation from the $\delta N$ formalism, without invoking stochastic inflation. Previously reported discrepancies between both approaches are a consequence of not correctly accounting for momentum perturbations. Once they are taken into account, both approaches agree to an excellent degree. The shape of the tail depends strongly on the phase space of inflation.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·21 citations
34. 34*

    Hybrid inflation and gravitational waves from accidentally light scalars

    Felix Brümmer🇫🇷 · Giacomo Ferrante🇫🇷 · Michele Frigerio🇫🇷

    We construct a hybrid-inflation model where the inflaton potential is generated radiatively, as gauge symmetries guarantee it to be accidentally flat at tree level. The model can be regarded as a small-field version of Natural Inflation, with inflation ending when the mass of a second scalar, the waterfall field, turns tachyonic. This provides a minimal, robust realization of hybrid inflation, which predicts specific correlations among Cosmic Microwave Background observables. Tachyonic preheating leads to the production of gravitational waves which, for a low inflationary scale, might be detected by upcoming experiments. Simple variations of the model can give rise to topological defects, such as unstable domain walls. Their dynamics produces a stochastic gravitational wave background, which can be compatible with the recent detection by pulsar timing arrays.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·7 citations
35. 35*

    Bootstrap Principle for the Spectrum and Scattering of Strings

    Clifford Cheung🇺🇸 · Aaron Hillman🇺🇸 · Grant N. Remmen🇺🇸

    We show that the Veneziano amplitude of string theory is the unique solution to an analytically solvable bootstrap problem. Uniqueness follows from two assumptions: faster than power-law falloff in high-energy scattering and the existence of some infinite sequence in momentum transfer at which higher-spin exchanges cancel. The string amplitude-including the mass spectrum-is an output of this bootstrap. If the amplitude merely vanishes at high energies, the solution is a three-parameter family containing the Veneziano, Coon, and hypergeometric amplitudes, and more.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRL(2024)·50 citations
36. 36*

    Experimental Bounds on Deformed Muon Lifetime Dilation

    Iarley P. Lobo🇧🇷 · Christian Pfeifer🇩🇪 · Pedro H. Morais🇧🇷

    We analyze Planck scale induced modifications of the relativistic time dilation using data from the Muon Storage Ring experiment at CERN. By examining the lifetimes of muons, we establish, for the first time, a constraint on such quantum gravity-inspired deformations using this channel. The magnitude of the effect indicates that the study of cosmic rays is a well suited arena for this scenario. We show, that the spectrum of muons would be significantly affected for particles at the PeV scale. Since this later observation of the effect of time dilation is more indirect compared to a direct lifetime measurement, we encourage to perform a high precision measurement of the muon lifetime as a function of the muon's energy.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPLB(2025)·1 citation

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.