Mon·Jun 3, 2024Monday·June 3, 2024

1. 01*

   Supernova Neutrinos: flavour conversion mechanisms and new physics scenarios

   Manibrata Sen🇩🇪

   A core-collapse supernova (SN) releases almost all of its energy in the form of neutrinos, which provide a unique opportunity to probe the working machinery of a SN. These sites are prone to neutrino-neutrino refractive effects, which can lead to fascinating collective flavour oscillations among neutrinos. This causes rapid neutrino flavour conversions deep inside the SN even for suppressed mixing angles, with intriguing consequences for the explosion mechanism as well as nucleosynthesis. We review the physics of collective oscillations of neutrinos -- both slow and fast, along with the well-known resonant flavour conversion effects, and discuss the current state-of-the-art of the field. Furthermore, we discuss how neutrinos from a SN can be used to probe novel particle physics properties, extreme values of which are otherwise inaccessible in laboratories.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.SRUniverse(2024)·15 citations
2. 02*

   On the viability of the QCD axion - dark energy transition

   Kristjan Müürsepp🇪🇪

   This conference thesis summarizes my presentation at Tartu Tuorla Cosmology meeting based on a collaborative work with E.Nardi and C.Smarra \cite{Muursepp:2024mbb}. It is well known that a pseudo-Nambu Goldstone boson (pNGB) coupled to a confining gauge group obtains a non-zero contribution to its mass through instanton effects. At non-zero temperature, this manifests in temperature-dependent mass $m^2(T)\propto T^{-n}$. If these particles come to dominate the energy density of the Universe in the non-relativistic regime they would accelerate the expansion of the Universe for $n>2$, thus providing a dark energy (DE) component. In this work, we outline a scenario in which a pNGB ${\varphi }_b$ presently undergoing confinement could realize such a scenario. Using energetic considerations we find that ${\varphi }_b$ alone is not enough to produce the experimentally observed amount of DE. However, coupling ${\varphi }_b$ to the QCD axion ${\varphi }_a$ allows the transfer of energy from the QCD axion to the pNGB via non-adiabatic level-crossing thus reproducing the observed amount of dark matter (DM) and DE.

   hep-phgr-qc4 citations
3. 03*

   Two-Higgs Doublet Model Effective Field Theory

   Radovan Dermisek🇺🇸 · Keith Hermanek🇺🇸

   We construct the general two-Higgs doublet model effective field theory where the effects of additional new physics are parameterized by operators up to mass dimension-six. We further transform this effective theory to the Higgs basis and provide matching of the Wilson coefficients between the two descriptions. We illustrate the advantages of the Higgs basis which include the separation of operators that modify standard model couplings and masses from operators that contribute to scattering processes only, transparent correlations between scattering processes resulting from the same operator, and derivation of correlations between different operators in specific UV completions. For completeness, we also construct specific versions corresponding to four types of two-Higgs doublet models: type-I, -II, -X, and -Y, distinguished by $Z_2$ symmetries which restrict the couplings of the Higgs doublets to standard model fermions. Furthermore, we derive general vacuum and stability conditions of the scalar potential in the presence of higher-dimensional terms.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·11 citations
4. 04*

   Factorization of photon induced processes in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions

   Yu-Cheng Hui🇨🇳

   In this study, we investigate photon-photon scattering in ultra-peripheral heavy ion collisions (UPCs). We start by deriving an effective Lagrangian from first principles and then apply factorization techniques from Soft-Collinear effective theory (SCET). This approach allows us to decompose the photon-photon scattering cross-section into two primary factors: the generalized transverse momentum distributions (GTMDs) and the hard scattering amplitude. We further analyze the emission of soft photons by final state leptons, incorporating a soft function into the cross section through an evolution method. Our analysis yields detailed predictions for observable angular correlations among the final state leptons. Specifically, we calculate the angular correlations characterized by the azimuthal parameters $⟨\cos 2\varphi ⟩$ and $⟨\cos 4\varphi ⟩$, highlighting the influence of initial photons polarization and recoil effects from final state soft photons.

   hep-phnucl-thNPA(2025)·1 citation
5. 05*

   Isospin sum rules for the nonleptonic $B$ decays

   Di Wang🇨🇳

   Isospin symmetry, as the most precise flavor symmetry, can be used to extract information about hadronic dynamics. The effective Hamiltonian for bottom quark weak decay is zero under the isospin lowering operators $I_{-}^n$, which allows us to generate isospin sum rules through several master formulas. In this work, we derive the master formulas of isospin sum rules for the two- and three-body non-leptonic decays of $B$ mesons. Numerous new isospin sum rules, especially those involving three or more decay channels, are proposed. The isospin sum rules can be used to test isospin symmetry and provide hints the isospin partners of exotic hadrons in $B$ decays. It is found ten percent isospin breaking only in decay modes involving two vector mesons, indicating the complex dynamics of vector mesons. Besides, the isospin analysis suggests the charm tetraquark resonances might be observed in the $B^{-}\to J/\Psi {\pi }^{-}{\overline{K}}^0$, ${\overline{B}}^0\to J/\Psi {\overline{K}}^0\varphi$, and ${\overline{B}}^0\to D^0{\overline{D}}^0{\overline{K}}^0$ modes.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·5 citations
6. 06*

   A Nearest-neighbor Expansion of Lepton Flavor Mixing in Powers of the $\mu$-$\tau$ Permutation Symmetry Breaking Effect

   Jihong Huang🇨🇳

   We point out that the observed pattern of lepton flavor mixing can be well described by a proper nearest-neighbor expansion of a constant $3\times 3$ unitary matrix in powers of a small parameter characterizing the fine effect of $\mu$-$\tau$ permutation symmetry breaking. We take an example of this kind for illustration, and provide complete discussions on the usefulness in the study of leptonic CP violation and unitarity triangles in matter.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2024)·2 citations
7. 07*

   Constraining Gluonic Contact Interaction of a Neutrino-philic Dark Fermion at Hadron Colliders and Direct Detection Experiments

   Kai Ma🇨🇳 · Lin-Yun He🇨🇳

   Weakly interacting fermions with the Standard Model particles are promising candidates for the dark matter. In this paper, we study signatures of the gluonic interactions of a dark fermion and a neutrino at hadron colliders and direct detection experiments. The lowest order interactions are described by contact operators in dimension 7. At hadron colliders, the mono-jet production is the most sensitive channel. And these operators can also induce both spin-independent and spin-dependent absorption of the dark fermion at nuclear targets. We show that for a nearly massless dark fermion, the energy scales are constrained to be higher than 500 GeV and 1.2 TeV by the current LHC and HE-LHC searches, respectively. Furthermore, we also find that almost all the parameter space accessible by the spin-independent absorption has been excluded by the current LHC constraints. In contrast, for spin-dependent absorption at light nuclear targets there is still some parameter space which cannot be reached by current and upcoming LHC searches.

   hep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2025)·5 citations
8. 08*

   Generalized uncertainty principle and neutrino phenomenology

   Ioannis D. Gialamas🇪🇪 · Timo J. Kärkkäinen🇪🇪 · Luca Marzola🇪🇪

   Generalized uncertainty principles are effective changes to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle that emerge in several quantum gravity models. In the present letter, we study the consequences that two classes of these modifications yield on the physics of neutrinos. Besides analyzing the change in the oscillation probabilities that the generalized uncertainty principles entail, we assess their impact on the neutrino coherence length and their possible interpretation as nonstandard neutrino interactions. Constraints cast by present and planned neutrino experiments on the generalized uncertainty principles parameters are also derived.

   hep-phgr-qchep-thPLB(2024)·8 citations
9. 09*

   $J/\psi$ photoproduction and polarization in $e+p$ collisions in the improved color evaporation model

   Vincent Cheung🇺🇸 · Ramona Vogt🇺🇸

   We calculate the production and polarization of direct $J/\psi$ in the improved color evaporation model in $e+p$ photoproduction. We present the production as functions of transverse momentun, mass of the hadronic final state, and inelasticity. We also present the polarization parameters ${\lambda }_{\vartheta }$, ${\lambda }_{\phi }$, and ${\lambda }_{\vartheta \phi }$ in the helicity and the Collins-Soper frames, as well as the frame-invariant polarization parameter $\tilde{\lambda }$ as a function of transverse momentum and inelasticity. We find agreement with both $J/\psi$ unpolarized cross sections and the invariant polarization parameters as a function of $p_T$.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·4 citations
10. 10*

    Leptogenesis in exponential $f(R)$ gravity model

    Suhail Khan🇮🇳 · Ajay Bassi🇮🇳 · Rathin Adhikari🇮🇳

    We show that gravitational leptogenesis with dynamical $CPT$ breaking in an expanding universe can be reconciled with the exponential $f(R)$ gravity model, which introduces only one additional parameter $\beta$ compared to the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmology. This model incorporated axions as cold dark matter. For $L$ violating interactions, we consider both a non-supersymmetric model with heavy right-handed neutrino decay and a supersymmetric model with sneutrino decay. For both cases, we have shown that the required baryonic asymmetry could be obtained. We have also shown the variation of decoupling temperature for lepton number violating interactions with the $\beta$ parameter in exponential $f(R)$ gravity. Lepton number-violating model parameters are constrained with the $\beta$ through the decoupling temperature. An upper bound on the $\beta$ parameter of the exponential $f(R)$ gravity is also obtained.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thNPB(2025)·0 citations
11. 11*

    The flavor invariants of the $\nu$SM

    Christophe Grojean🇩🇪 · Jonathan Kley🇩🇪 · Damien Leflot🇫🇷 · Chang-Yuan Yao🇨🇳

    Sixty years after the experimental discovery of CP violation in the quark sector, the existence of a similar CP violation in the lepton sector is still to be established. Actually, the structure of such a violation depends crucially on the origin of the neutrino masses. In an attempt at categorizing the leptonic sources of CP violation, we studied the $\nu$SM, the Standard Model extended with three generations of sterile neutrinos, that can interpolate continuously between the Dirac and Majorana scenarios of neutrino masses. In particular, we perform a classification of the Jarlskog-like flavor invariants entering CP-violating observables and we study their suppression with the heavy Majorana mass in the seesaw limit of the model. To simplify the construction of the invariants, we introduce a graph-based method. With the guidance of the Hilbert series and plethystic logarithm of the theory, we construct the \emph{generating} and \emph{primary} sets of invariants for the $\nu$SM for the first time. Unlike in the Standard Model and some other theories, we find that the numbers of generating invariants and the syzygies among them cannot immediately be read off from the plethystic logarithm, but require a more careful examination. Our analysis reveals that the \emph{generating} set contains 459 invariants, out of which 208 are CP-even and 251 are CP-odd. In the seesaw limit of the $\nu$SM, we show that all parameters of the UV theory can be captured in the effective theory with a certain suppression with the heavy Majorana mass, while these parameters can only appear in a \emph{flavor-invariant} way with a \emph{higher} mass suppression. Furthermore, we discuss how the necessary and sufficient conditions for CP violation can be captured by utilizing these invariants. Along the way, we present useful algorithms to enumerate and build the flavor invariants.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·6 citations
12. 12*

    Convolutional L2LFlows: Generating Accurate Showers in Highly Granular Calorimeters Using Convolutional Normalizing Flows

    Thorsten Buss🇩🇪 · Frank Gaede🇩🇪 · Gregor Kasieczka🇩🇪 · Claudius Krause🇦🇹 · David Shih🇺🇸

    In the quest to build generative surrogate models as computationally efficient alternatives to rule-based simulations, the quality of the generated samples remains a crucial frontier. So far, normalizing flows have been among the models with the best fidelity. However, as the latent space in such models is required to have the same dimensionality as the data space, scaling up normalizing flows to high dimensional datasets is not straightforward. The prior L2LFlows approach successfully used a series of separate normalizing flows and sequence of conditioning steps to circumvent this problem. In this work, we extend L2LFlows to simulate showers with a 9-times larger profile in the lateral direction. To achieve this, we introduce convolutional layers and U-Net-type connections, move from masked autoregressive flows to coupling layers, and demonstrate the successful modelling of showers in the ILD Electromagnetic Calorimeter as well as Dataset 3 from the public CaloChallenge dataset.

    ↳ physics.ins-detcs.LGhep-exhep-ph+1JINST·31 citations
13. 13*

    Three-flavor Collective Neutrino Oscillations on D-Wave's {\tt Advantage} Quantum Annealer

    Ivan A. Chernyshev🇺🇸

    In extreme environments such as core-collapse supernovae, neutron-star mergers, and the early Universe, neutrinos are dense enough that their self-interactions significantly affect, if not dominate, their flavor dynamics. In order to develop techniques for characterizing the resulting quantum entanglement, I present the results of simulations of Dirac neutrino-neutrino interactions that include all three physical neutrino flavors and were performed on D-Wave Inc.'s {\tt Advantage} 5000+ qubit quantum annealer. These results are checked against those from exact classical simulations, which are also used to compare the Dirac neutrino-neutrino interactions to neutrino-antineutrino and Majorana neutrino-neutrino interactions. The D-Wave {\tt Advantage} annealer is shown to be able to reproduce time evolution with the precision of a classical machine for small numbers of neutrinos and to do so without Trotter errors. However, it suffers from poor scaling in qubit-count with the number of neutrinos.

    ↳ quant-phhep-ph3 citations
14. 14*

    Scenario for quark confinement from infrared safe Yang-Mills dynamics

    Marcela Peláez🇺🇾 · Urko Reinosa🇫🇷 · Julien Serreau🇫🇷 · Matthieu Tissier🇫🇷 · Nicolás Wschebor🇺🇾

    We revisit the non-Abelian dipole problem in the context of a simple semiclassical approach that incorporates some essential features of the infrared sector of Yang-Mills theories in the Landau gauge, in particular, the fact that both the running coupling and the gluon propagator remain finite at infrared scales and that the latter shows positivity violations that reflects the presence of massless modes. We obtain a simple flux tube solution in a controlled approximation scheme, which we compare to the results of lattice simulations.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2025)·5 citations
15. 15*

    Lattice study on finite density QC${}_2$D towards zero temperature

    Kei Iida🇯🇵 · Etsuko Itou🇯🇵 · Kotaro Murakami🇯🇵 · Daiki Suenaga🇯🇵

    We investigate the phase structure and the equation of state (EoS) for dense two-color QCD (QC${}_2$D) at low temperature ($T=40$ MeV, $32^4$ lattice) for the purpose of extending our previous works~\cite{Iida:2019rah, Iida:2022hyy} at $T=80$ MeV ($16^4$ lattice). Indeed, a rich phase structure below the pseudo-critical temperature $T_c$ as a function of quark chemical potential $\mu$ has been revealed, but finite volume effects in a high-density regime sometimes cause a wrong understanding. Therefore, it is important to investigate the temperature dependence down to zero temperature with large-volume simulations. By performing $32^4$ simulations, we obtain essentially similar results to the previous ones, but we are now allowed to get a fine understanding of the phase structure via the temperature dependence. Most importantly, we find that the hadronic-matter phase, which is composed of thermally excited hadrons, shrinks with decreasing temperature and that the diquark condensate scales as $⟨qq⟩\propto {\mu }^2$ in the BCS phase, a property missing at $T=80$ MeV. From careful analyses, furthermore, we confirm a tentative conclusion that the topological susceptibility is independent of $\mu$. We also show the temperature dependence of the pressure, internal energy, and sound velocity as a function of $\mu$. The pressure increases around the hadronic-superfluid phase transition more rapidly at the lower temperature, while the temperature dependence of the sound velocity is invisible. Breaking of the conformal bound is also confirmed thanks to the smaller statistical error.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thJHEP(2024)·37 citations
16. 16*

    Scale hierarchies near the conifold

    Nana Cabo Bizet🇲🇽 · Oscar Loaiza-Brito🇲🇽 · Yessenia Olguín-Trejo🇲🇽

    We study the axio-dilaton and complex structure stabilization for a generic one-parameter Calabi-Yau (CY) compactification. We focus on near the conifold regions and consider a strongly warped metric. We analyze numerically the case of the mirror of the quintic CY. The axio-dilaton $\tau$ and complex structure $z$ moduli are stabilized simultaneously comparing with previous results, showing that generically $z$ is heavier than $\tau$, and the axio-dilaton can not be fixed first. This is also the case when we add the warping correction to the potential; and in general this inclusion does not destabilize the moduli. We point out why in this setup non-supersymmetric vacua are much more dense than supersymmetric vacua. We study the dependence of the vacua stabilization by addition of an $\overline{D3}$-brane, for a fixed volume. The vacuum state masses have divergent eigenvalues near the conifold singularity that gets softened by the warping correction. Generically the considered contributions allow to find stable vacua in this setup. The scale hierarchy between 6D and 4D; arising from the warping, as stated by Giddings Kachru and Polchinski (GKP), is preserved; while the masses in the vacua acquire physically reasonable values.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2024)·0 citations
17. 17*

    On the number of Regge trajectories for dual amplitudes

    Christopher Eckner🇸🇮 · Felipe Figueroa🇫🇷 · Piotr Tourkine🇫🇷

    Regge poles connect the analytic structure of scattering amplitudes, analytically continued in spin, to the high-energy limit in momentum space. Dual models are expected to have only Regge poles, and string theory suggests there should be an infinite number of them. In this study, we investigate the number of Regge trajectories these models may have. We prove, based solely on crossing symmetry and unitarity, that meromorphic amplitudes, with or without subtractions, cannot produce a reggeizing amplitude if they contain any finite number of Regge trajectories. We argue that this should exclude the existence of such amplitudes altogether. Additionally, we develop and apply a linear programming dual bootstrap method to exclude these amplitudes directly in momentum space.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·27 citations
18. 18*

    Methodology for Analyzing Proton Multiplicity Fluctuations with Azimuthal Partitions in Heavy-Ion Collisions

    Dylan Neff🇺🇸 · Zhongling Ji🇺🇸 · Roli Esha🇺🇸 · Gang Wang🇺🇸 · Huan Huang🇺🇸

    A primary objective in high-energy heavy-ion collisions is to investigate the phase transition between confined and deconfined color matter. Complementary to the cumulants of conserved charges integrated over the full azimuth, we introduce a novel experimental approach to explore particle fluctuations in azimuthal partitions, which are potentially sensitive to the first-order phase transition in heavy-ion collisions. We evaluate proton multiplicity ($N_w$) fluctuations in azimuthal partitions of width $w$ to quantitatively estimate the clustering tendency among these protons. The $\Delta {\sigma }^2$ observable is defined as the normalized difference between the variance of the $N_w$ distribution and the binomial baseline. We demonstrate the feasibility and characteristics of this observable through simulations using the AMPT and MUSIC+FIST models. We also use a Gaussian correlation model to illustrate that the dependence of $\Delta {\sigma }^2$ on $w$ can be parameterized to accurately extract the strength and the range of the input interaction among protons.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2024)·1 citation
19. 19*

    Overlap reduction functions for pulsar timing arrays and astrometry

    Keisuke Inomata🇺🇸 · Marc Kamionkowski🇺🇸 · Celia M. Toral · Stephen R. Taylor🇺🇸

    We present an efficient technique for calculating the angular two-point correlation functions (or ``overlap reduction functions'') induced by gravitational waves in both the pulse arrival times of pulsars and in the angular deflections of distant sources. In the most general case, there are six auto- and cross-correlations for the pulse arrival times and the two components of the angular deflection. We provide results for spin-2 (i.e., general-relativistic) gravitational waves as well as the spin-1 modes that may arise in alternative-gravity theories. These calculations can be easily implemented for future analysis or study, and we provide code to do so.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·16 citations
20. 20*

    There and Back Again: Mapping and Factorising Cosmological Observables

    David Stefanyszyn🇬🇧 · Xi Tong🇬🇧 · Yuhang Zhu🇰🇷

    Cosmological correlators encode invaluable information about the wavefunction of the primordial universe. In this letter we present a duality between correlators and wavefunction coefficients that is valid to all orders in the loop expansion and manifests itself as a ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ symmetry. To demonstrate the power of the duality, we derive a correlator-to-correlator factorisation (CCF) formula for the parity-odd part of cosmological correlators that relates $n$-point observables to lower-point ones via a series of diagrammatic cuts. These relations serve as the first example of physically testable cutting rules as they involve observables defined for arbitrary physical kinematics. We further show how the duality allows us to translate the cosmological optical theorem for wavefunction coefficients into statements about cosmological correlators.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRL(2024)·38 citations
21. 21*

    Fermion Mass Generation without Symmetry Breaking

    Charlie Cresswell-Hogg🇬🇧 · Daniel F. Litim🇬🇧

    We study the generation of fermion mass in a context where interactions break a discrete chiral symmetry. Then, fermion mass is not protected by a symmetry, no symmetry is broken by the generation of mass, and a vanishing mass no longer enhances a symmetry. We elaborate these scenarios for template fermionic and Yukawa theories in three dimensions where mass can be generated either by fluctuations, strong dynamics, or the vacuum expectation value of a scalar field. We find that fluctuation-induced contributions to fermion mass are parametrically suppressed in the number of fermion flavours $N$. The generation of fermion mass then takes the form of a rapid crossover which turns into a second order quantum phase transition for large $N$, much like in settings with fundamental chiral symmetry. We further discuss theories where fermion mass can be generated spontaneously without breaking any symmetry other than scale symmetry. Implications of our findings are discussed.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-lathep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
22. 22*

    Parnassus: An Automated Approach to Accurate, Precise, and Fast Detector Simulation and Reconstruction

    Etienne Dreyer🇮🇱 · Eilam Gross🇮🇱 · Dmitrii Kobylianskii🇮🇱 · Vinicius Mikuni🇺🇸 · Benjamin Nachman🇺🇸 · Nathalie Soybelman🇮🇱

    Detector simulation and reconstruction are a significant computational bottleneck in particle physics. We develop Particle-flow Neural Assisted Simulations (Parnassus) to address this challenge. Our deep learning model takes as input a point cloud (particles impinging on a detector) and produces a point cloud (reconstructed particles). By combining detector simulations and reconstruction into one step, we aim to minimize resource utilization and enable fast surrogate models suitable for application both inside and outside large collaborations. We demonstrate this approach using a publicly available dataset of jets passed through the full simulation and reconstruction pipeline of the CMS experiment. We show that Parnassus accurately mimics the CMS particle flow algorithm on the (statistically) same events it was trained on and can generalize to jet momentum and type outside of the training distribution.

    ↳ physics.data-anhep-exhep-phPRL(2024)·15 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.