Tue·May 21, 2024Tuesday·May 21, 2024

1. 01*

   Study on the electromagnetic properties of the $[sc][\bar{q}\bar{b}]$ and $[sc][\bar{s}\bar{b}]$ states with $J^P=1^{+}$

   U. Özdem🇹🇷

   A systematic study of the electromagnetic properties of exotic states is conducted to elucidate their nature, which continues to be the subject of controversy and incomplete understanding in the field. In this study, the magnetic dipole and quadrupole moments of the tetraquarks $[sc][\bar{q}\bar{b}]$ and $[sc][\bar{s}\bar{b}]$ with spin-parity quantum numbers $J^P=1^{+}$ are extracted in the context of a compact diquark-antidiquark configuration with the help of the QCD light-cone rules method. The magnetic dipole moments are given as ${\mu }_{[sc][\bar{u}\bar{b}]}=-2.12_{-0.59}^{+0.74}{\mu }_N$, ${\mu }_{[sc][\bar{d}\bar{b}]}=1.66_{-0.46}^{+0.60}{\mu }_N$, and ${\mu }_{[sc][\bar{s}\bar{b}]}=2.01_{-0.50}^{+0.61}{\mu }_N$. The order of magnitude of the magnetic dipole moments would suggest that these outcomes may be achievable in forthcoming experiments. The magnetic and quadrupole moments of hadrons represent another important observable, along with their mass and decay width, which contribute to our understanding of the underlying quark structure and dynamics. Therefore, we hope that the results of this study will prove useful in theoretical and experimental investigations, which we anticipate will be an interesting research topic.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latEur.Phys.J.Plus(2025)·6 citations
2. 02*

   Does SuperKamiokande Observe Levy Flights of Solar Neutrinos?

   Hans J. Haubold🇦🇹 · Arak M. Mathai🇨🇦

   The paper utilizes data from the SuperKamiokande solar neutrino detection experiment and analyzes them by diffusion entropy analysis and standard deviation analysis to evaluate the scaling exponent of the probability density function. The result indicates that solar neutrinos are subject to Levy flights. Subsequently, the paper derives the probability density function, represented as the Fox H-function, and the governing fractional diffusion equation for solar neutrino Levy flights.

   hep-phastro-ph.SRcond-mat.stat-mechhep-ex2 citations
3. 03*

   The role of triangle singularity in isospin breaking process $J/\psi \to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\pi$ and the possible evidence of ${\Sigma }^{\ast }({\frac{1}{2}}^{-})$ states

   Qi Huang🇨🇳 · Zi-Xuan Ma🇨🇳 · Jia-Jun Wu🇨🇳 · Rong-Gang Ping🇨🇳 · Jun He🇨🇳 · Hong-Xia Huang🇨🇳

   In this study, the impact of triangle singularity is investigated in the isospin-breaking process $J/\psi \to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\pi$. The triangle singularity is found to play a significant role in the process, resulting in the creation of a resonance-like structure around 1.4 GeV in the $\Lambda \pi (\bar{\Lambda }\pi )$ invariant mass spectrum. To amplify the impact of this triangle singularity, the presence of two ${\Sigma }^{\ast }({\frac{1}{2}}^{-})$ states around 1.4 GeV and 1.6 GeV is essential, yet these states have not been definitively identified in the current baryon spectrum. We recommend that experiments, particularly the Beijing Spectrometer (BESIII) and the future Super Tau-Charm Factory (STCF), to investigate the process $J/\psi \to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }\pi$ to offer direct evidences for our predicted triangle singularity and additional evidence regarding the $\Sigma ({\frac{1}{2}}^{-})$ states.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·10 citations
4. 04*

   Theory of CP angles measurement

   Amarjit Soni🇺🇸

   In the early 80's Sanda-san and collaborators wrote key papers on the direct and clean determination of the unitarity angle ${\varphi }_1$ ($\beta$). This motivated many of us for analogously coming up with ways for direct and clean determinations of the other two unitarity angles, ${\varphi }_2(\alpha )$ and ${\varphi }_3(\gamma )$. Current status of these direct determinations as well as our expectations for when Belle-II has 50 $a{b}^{-1}$ of luminosity and LHCb with some upgrades, will be given. In particular, it is emphasized that for direct determination of ${\varphi }_3$, Belle-II should be able to handle final states in $D^0$ or ${\bar{D}}^0$ Dalitz decays, that contain one ${\pi }^0$ (which are difficult for LHCb) then they may make further inroads in improving the accuracy of ${\varphi }_3$ determination. Early lattice inputs for constraining the unitarity triangle (UT) are briefly recalled. Its crucial role in supporting the Kobayashi-Maskawa theory of CP violation is emphasized. Over the years lattice methods have made significant progress and latest constraints from these for the UT will be discussed as well as compatibility with current direct determinations and some comments on future outlook will be made.

   hep-phhep-exhep-lat0 citations
5. 05*

   Search for nearly degenerate higgsinos via photon fusion with the semileptonic channel at the LHC

   Hang Zhou🇨🇳 · Ning Liu🇨🇳

   Electroweak scale higgsinos with a nearly degenerate spectrum in supersymmetric models are well-motivated, but generally less constrained at collider experiments as the decay products are often too soft to detect. Initial photon fusions alongside the collision of protons at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have drawn attention recently as a way to search for new physics with such kind of spectra. In this paper, we demonstrate a search strategy for chargino pair production from photon fusion $pp\to p(\gamma \gamma \to {\tilde{\chi }}_1^{+}{\tilde{\chi }}_1^{-})p$ at the 13 TeV LHC via the semileptonic decay channel, as a probe for the compressed spectra of higgsinos. Forward detectors make it possible to detect the outgoing protons after emitting the initial photons in these processes. We here provide simple event selections on missing energy and transverse momentum of leptons, which are effective enough to reach significant sensitivity. The chargino mass can be excluded at 95\% C.L. up to about 295 GeV with the mass difference $\Delta m({\tilde{\chi }}_1^{\pm },{\tilde{\chi }}_1^0)$ being only a few GeV with the integrated luminosity of 3 ab${}^{-1}$. With a relatively small luminosity of 100 fb${}^{-1}$, the $2\sigma$ exclusion bounds can as well exceed current experimental limits in the range of $\Delta m=1\sim 2$ GeV, reaching over 190 GeV for chargino mass.

   hep-phNPB(2025)·4 citations
6. 06*

   Novel aspects of particle production in ultra-peripheral collisions

   F.C. Sobrinho🇧🇷 · I. Danhoni🇩🇪 · C.A. Bertulani🇺🇸 · L.M. Abreu🇧🇷 · F.S. Navarra🇧🇷

   One of the hot topics in hadron physics is the study of the new exotic charmonium states and the determination of their internal structure. Another important topic is the search for effects of the magnetic field created in high energy nuclear collisions. In this note we show that we can use ultra-peripheral collisions to address both issues. We compute the cross section for the production of the $D^{+}{D}^{-}$ molecular bound state in $\gamma -\gamma$ collisions. We also show how the magnetic field of the projectile can induce pion production in the target. Both processes have sizeable cross sections and their measurement would be very useful in the study of the topics mentioned above.

   hep-phPhys.Proc.UPC(2024)·0 citations
7. 07*

   Revisiting $O(N)$ $\sigma$ model at unphysical pion masses and high temperatures. II. The vacuum structure and thermal $\sigma$ pole trajectory with cross-channel improvements

   Yuan-Lin Lyu🇨🇳 · Qu-Zhi Li🇨🇳 · Zhiguang Xiao🇨🇳 · Han-Qing Zheng🇨🇳

   The effective potential of the $O(N)$ model at large $N$ limit is reinvestigated with varying pion mass and temperature. For large pion masses and high temperatures, we find the phenomenologically favored vacuum, located on the upper branch of the double-branched effective potential for physical $m_{\pi }$, moves to the lower branch and becomes no longer a local minimum but a saddle point. The existence and running of the tachyon pole are also discussed. These phenomena indicate that the applicable energy range of $O(N)$ model is more and more limited as $m_{\pi }$ becoming larger and temperature going higher. With the effective coupling constant defined from the effective potential, the possible correspondence between the two branches of the effective potential and the two phases of the theory (distinguished by positive or negative coupling) is verified even with nonzero explicit symmetry breaking and at finite temperature. Also, we generalize the $N/D$ modified $O(N)$ model to study the thermal trajectory of the $\sigma$ pole with the cross-channel contributions considered and find the thermal $\sigma$ pole trajectory resembles its counterpart with varying pion mass at zero temperature.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thPRD(2024)·5 citations
8. 08*

   The Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment in the Excited Fermion Paradigm

   Muhammad Rehman🇵🇰 · Haji Muhammad🇵🇰 · Orlando Panella🇮🇹 · Mario E. Gomez🇪🇸

   Extensions of the Standard Model featuring excited fermions present an interesting framework that motivates the search for exotic particles at the LHC. Additionally, these extensions offer potential explanations for the muon's anomalous magnetic moment and other precision observables, shedding light on the energy scale and key parameters of the new theory. Our analysis focuses on the one-loop radiative correction originating from excited lepton doublet and triplet states using the effective Lagrangian approach. The bounds derived from the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomaly can be complemented with the ones arising from other observables like the electroweak precision observable $\Delta \rho$ and the signals from direct LHC searches to constraint the effective theory. Our results suggest that the $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ anomaly can be addressed within a very narrow region of the effective theory scale. Consequently, this imposes indirect constraints on the parameter space of excited fermions.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·0 citations
9. 09*

   T-odd transverse momentum dependent gluon fragmentation functions in a spectator model

   Xiupeng Xie🇨🇳 · Zhun Lu🇨🇳

   We present a model calculation of the T-odd transverse momentum dependent (TMD) gluon fragmentation functions for a spin-1/2 hadron. Our model is based on the postulation that a time-like off-shell gluon can fragment into a hadron and a single spectator particle, which is considered to be on-shell. We consider the effect of the gluon exchange to calculate all necessary one-loop diagrams for the gluon-gluon correlation functions. Two out of four one-loop diagrams give sizeable contributions to the fragmentation functions. We obtain analytical expressions for the four T-odd TMD fragmentation functions of the gluon. We also provide numerical results on the z-dependence and $k_T$-dependence of the fragmentation functions.

   hep-phPLB(2024)·2 citations
10. 10*

    Phenomenological Analysis of Triply Heavy Pentaquarks with configurations $q\text{Bar}qQQQ$ and $qqQQ\text{Bar}Q$

    Ankush Sharma🇮🇳 · Alka Upadhyay🇮🇳

    We carried out the systematic analysis of the $s$-wave triply heavy pentaquarks with possible configurations like $q\text{Bar}qQQQ$ and $qqQQ\text{Bar}Q$, ($q=u,d,s$ and $Q=c,b$ quarks). Special unitary representations are utilized to study the classification scheme for triply heavy configurations like $q\text{Bar}qQQQ$ and $qqQQ\text{Bar}Q$. We classified the $q\text{Bar}qQQQ$-type pentaquarks into an octet and $qqQQ\text{Bar}Q$-type pentaquarks into sextet configurations with the help of SU(3) flavor representation. Also, with the help of SU(2) spin representation, we studied the possible spin assignments (${\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$, ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$, and ${\frac{5}{2}}^{-}$) for ground state triply heavy pentaquarks. Furthermore, we used the formalism of the extended Gursey-Radicati mass formula and effective mass scheme to estimate the masses of triply heavy pentaquarks. Additionally, we calculated the magnetic moment assignments using the effective mass and screened charge schemes. The predicted outcomes align well with the existing theoretical data and benefit future studies. Our work provides a comprehensive framework that combines the theoretical aspects of SU(3) and SU(2) symmetries with practical predictions for observables, offering a strong foundation for experimental verification. This integrated approach enhances our understanding of the complex interactions within triply heavy pentaquarks and underscores their potential role in probing deeper into the dynamics of the strong force. These findings are crucial for designing future high-energy experiments that directly observe these exotic states and confirm their properties, paving the way for new insights into quantum chromodynamics.

    hep-phEPJA(2024)·8 citations
11. 11*

    The impact of quark many-body effects on exotic hadrons

    Sachiko Takeuchi🇯🇵 · Makoto Takizawa🇯🇵 · Yasuhiro Yamaguchi🇯🇵 · Atsushi Hosaka🇯🇵

    We investigate the exotic hadrons consisting of two light quarks and two heavy antiquarks, $(q\bar{Q})$-$(q\bar{Q})$. The spin-dependent term between quarks is known to give an attraction to the $ud$ spin-0 component in the isospin-0 $u\bar{c}d\bar{c}$ system, $T_{cc}$. However, the said component also gets a repulsion from the partial Pauli-blocking. By the dynamical calculation with a simplified quark model, we discuss that the competition of the two effects leads to a shallow bound state for $T_{cc}$, which is preferred from the experiment, and a deep bound state for $T_{bb}$.

    hep-phFew Body Syst.(2024)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Testing neutrino mass hierarchy under type-II seesaw scenario in $U(1{)}_X$ from colliders

    Arindam Das🇯🇵 · Puja Das🇺🇸 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸

    The origin of tiny neutrino mass is a long standing unsolved puzzle of the Standard Model (SM), which allows us to consider scenarios beyond the Standard Model (BSM) in a variety of ways. One of them being a gauge extension of the SM may be realized as in the form of an anomaly free, general $U(1{)}_X$ extension of the SM, where an $SU(2{)}_L$ triplet scalar with a $U(1{)}_X$ charge is introduced to have Dirac Yukawa couplings with the SM lepton doublets. Once the triplet scalar developes a Vacuum Expectation Value (VEV), light neutrinos acquire their tiny Majorana masses. Hence, the decay modes of the triplet scalar has a direct connection to the neutrino oscillation data for different neutrino mass hierarchies. After the breaking of the $U(1{)}_X$ gauge symmetry, a neutral $U(1{)}_X$ gauge boson $(Z^{\prime })$ acquires mass, which interacts differently with the left and right handed SM fermions. Satisfying the recent LHC bounds on the triplet scalar and $Z^{\prime }$ boson productions, we study the pair production of the triplet scalar at LHC, 100 TeV proton proton collider FCC, $e^{-}{e}^{+}$ and ${\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}$ colliders followed by its decay into dominant dilepton modes whose flavor structure depend on the neutrino mass hierarchy. Generating the SM backgrounds, we study the possible signal significance of four lepton final states from the triplet scalar pair production. We also compare our results with the purely SM gauge mediated triplet scalar pair production followed by four lepton final states, which could be significant only in ${\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}$ collider.

    hep-phPLB(2025)·6 citations
13. 13*

    Probing ${\chi }_{cJ}(J=0,1,2)$ decay into baryon and anti-baryon with SU(3) flavor analysis

    Bo Lan🇨🇳 · Xiu-Ping Fan🇨🇳 · Ru-Min Wang🇨🇳

    With the accurate measurements of ${\chi }_{cJ}(J=0,1,2)$ charmonium decays, we explore ${\chi }_{cJ}\to {\mathcal{B}}_8{\bar{\mathcal{B}}}_8$ and ${\mathcal{B}}_{10}{\bar{\mathcal{B}}}_{10}$ decays based on the SU(3) flavor symmetry model, where ${\mathcal{B}}_8$ and ${\mathcal{B}}_{10}$ are light octet and decuplet baryons, respectively. The decay amplitude relations are determined by an effective interaction Hamiltonian. Then using experimental data and the amplitude relations of ${\chi }_{cJ}\to {\mathcal{B}}_8{\bar{\mathcal{B}}}_8$, ${\mathcal{B}}_{10}{\bar{\mathcal{B}}}_{10}$ decays, relative nonperturbative coefficients are constrained, and the branching ratios of unmeasured ${\chi }_{cJ}\to {\mathcal{B}}_8{\bar{\mathcal{B}}}_8,{\mathcal{B}}_{10}{\bar{\mathcal{B}}}_{10}$, for examples, ${\chi }_{cJ}\to n\bar{n}$ and ${\chi }_{cJ}\to \Lambda {\bar{\Sigma }}^0+\bar{\Lambda }{\Sigma }^0$ channels, are predicted. Moreover, we discuss the case of adding a mixing angle between $\Lambda$ and ${\Sigma }^0$, which is determined by the quark mass differences. Our results provide valuable insights that will aid in advancing our understanding of the mechanisms and characteristics of ${\chi }_{cJ}$ decays.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·2 citations
14. 14*

    Pole structure of $P_{\psi }^N(4312{)}^{+}$ via machine learning and uniformized S-matrix

    Leonarc Michelle Santos🇵🇭 · Vince Angelo A. Chavez🇵🇭 · Denny Lane B. Sombillo🇵🇭

    We probed the pole structure of the $P_{\psi }^N(4312{)}^{+}$ using a trained deep neural network. The training dataset was generated using uniformized independent S-matrix poles to ensure that the obtained interpretation is as model-independent as possible. To prevent possible ambiguity in the interpretation of the pole structure, we included the contribution from the off-diagonal element of the S-matrix. Five out of the six neural networks we trained favor $P_{\psi }^N(4312{)}^{+}$ as possibly having a three-pole structure, with one pole on each of the unphysical sheets - a first in its report. The two poles can be associated to a pole-shadow pair which is a characteristic of a true resonance. On the other hand, the last pole is most likely associated with the coupled-channel effect. The combined effect of these poles produced a peak below the ${\Sigma }_C^{+}{\bar{D}}^0$ which mimic the line shape of a hadronic molecule.

    hep-phnucl-thJ.Phys.G(2025)·13 citations
15. 15*

    The Dynamics of Particle-Particle Correlations and the Ridge Effect in Proton-Proton Collisions

    G. Calé🇵🇹 · G. Chachamis🇵🇹 · A. Sabio Vera🇪🇸

    In high-energy particle physics, the study of particle-particle correlations in proton-proton and heavy-ion collisions constitutes a pivotal frontier in the effort to understand the fundamental dynamics of the strong force. To the best of our knowledge, we employ for the first time the BFKL dynamics implemented in a Monte Carlo code in momentum space to compute final state correlations in proton-proton collisions. Our present work aims to investigate whether the particular dynamics of the high-energy limit of QCD can contribute to the long-range rapidity correlations and the enigmatic ridge effect in proton-proton collisions.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·2 citations
16. 16*

    Resonant Neutrino Flavor Conversion in the Atmosphere

    Connor Sponsler🇺🇸 · Matheus Hostert🇺🇸 · Ivan Martinez-Soler🇬🇧 · Carlos A. Argüelles🇺🇸

    Neutrinos produced in the atmosphere traverse a column density of air before being detected at neutrino observatories like IceCube or KM3NeT. In this work, we extend the neutrino flavor evolution in the {nuSQuIDS} code accounting for the varying height of neutrino production and the variable air density in the atmosphere. These effects can lead to sizeable spectral distortions in standard neutrino oscillations and are crucial to accurately describe some new physics scenarios. As an example, we study a model of quasi-sterile neutrinos that induce resonant flavor conversions at neutrino energies of $O(300)\text{ MeV}$ in matter densities of $1{\text{ g/cm}}^3$. In atmospheric air densities, the same resonance is then realized at neutrino energies of $O(300-700)$~GeV. We find that the new resonance can deplete the ${\nu }_{\mu }+{\overline{\nu }}_{\mu }$ flux at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory by as much as $10\%$ in the direction of the horizon.

    hep-phhep-ex3 citations
17. 17*

    Probing CPT invariance with top quarks at the LHC

    A. Belyaev🇬🇧 · L. Cerrito🇮🇹 · E. Lunghi🇺🇸 · S. Moretti🇬🇧 · N. Sherrill🇬🇧

    The first model-independent sensitivity to CPT violation in the top-quark sector is extracted from ATLAS and CMS measurements of the top and antitop kinematical mass difference. We find that the temporal component of a CPT-violating background field interacting with the top-quark vector current is restricted within the interval $[-0.13,0.29]$ GeV at 95% confidence level.

    hep-phPRL(2024)·10 citations
18. 18*

    Pheno & Cosmo Implications of Scotogenic 3-loop Neutrino Mass Models

    Asmaa Abada🇫🇷 · Nicolás Bernal🇦🇪 · Antonio E. Cárcamo Hernández🇨🇱 · Sergey Kovalenko🇨🇱 · Téssio B. de Melo🇨🇱 · Takashi Toma🇯🇵

    Radiative seesaw models are examples of interesting and testable extensions of the Standard Model to explain the light neutrino masses. In radiative models at 1-loop level, such as the popular scotogenic model, in order to successfully reproduce neutrino masses and mixing, one has to rely either on unnaturally small Yukawa couplings or on a very small mass splitting between the CP-even and CP-odd components of the neutral scalar mediators. We discuss here scotogenic-like models where light-active neutrino masses arise at the three-loop level, providing a more natural explanation for their smallness. The proposed models are consistent with the neutrino oscillation data and allow to successfully accommodate the measured dark matter relic abundance. Depending on the specific realization, it is also possible to explain the W-mass anomaly and to generate the baryon asymmetry of the Universe via leptogenesis. The models lead to rich phenomenology, predicting sizable charged-lepton flavor violation rates, potentially observable in near future experiments, while satisfying all current constraints imposed by neutrinoless double-beta decay, charged-lepton flavor violation and electroweak precision observables.

    hep-ph1 citation
19. 19*

    Axion baryogenesis puts a new spin on the Hubble tension

    Raymond T. Co🇺🇸 · Nicolas Fernandez🇺🇸 · Akshay Ghalsasi🇺🇸 · Keisuke Harigaya🇺🇸 · Jessie Shelton🇺🇸

    We show that a rotating axion field that makes a transition from a matter-like equation of state to a kination-like equation of state around the epoch of recombination can significantly ameliorate the Hubble tension, i.e., the discrepancy between the determinations of the present-day expansion rate $H_0$ from observations of the cosmic microwave background on one hand and Type Ia supernovae on the other. We consider a specific, UV-complete model of such a rotating axion and find that it can relax the Hubble tension without exacerbating tensions in determinations of other cosmological parameters, in particular the amplitude of matter fluctuations $S_8$. We subsequently demonstrate how this rotating axion model can also generate the baryon asymmetry of our universe, by introducing a coupling of the axion field to right-handed neutrinos. This baryogenesis model predicts heavy neutral leptons that are most naturally within reach of future lepton colliders, but in finely-tuned regions of parameter space may also be accessible at the high-luminosity LHC and the beam dump experiment SHiP.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·23 citations
20. 20*

    Cosmology of self-replicating universes in black holes formed by dark matter-seeded stellar collapse

    Joseph Bramante🇨🇦 · Nirmal Raj🇮🇳

    We show that dark matter with certain minimal properties can convert the majority of baryons in galaxies to black holes over hundred trillion year timescales. We argue that this has implications for cosmologies which propose that new universes are created in black hole interiors. We focus on the paradigm of cosmological natural selection, which connects black hole production to a universe's likelihood for existing. Further, we propose that the universe's timescale for entropy production could be dynamically linked to black hole production in a naturally selected universe. Our universe would fit this scenario for models of particle dark matter that convert helium white dwarfs to black holes in around a hundred trillion years, where the dominant source of entropy in our universe are the helium white dwarfs' stellar progenitors, which cease forming and burning also in around a hundred trillion years. Much of this dark matter could be discovered at ongoing experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcPRD(2024)·7 citations
21. 21*

    Left-Right model with radiative double seesaw mechanism

    Paulo Areyuna C.🇨🇱 · A. E. Cárcamo Hernández🇨🇱 · Vishnudath K. N.🇨🇱 · Sergey Kovalenko🇨🇱 · Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪 · Iván Schmidt🇨🇱

    We propose an extended Left-Right symmetric model with an additional global symmetry $U(1{)}_X$, which after spontaneous symmetry breaking collapses to a residual subgroup ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$, ensuring that the light active neutrino masses are generated via a double seesaw mechanism at two loop level, with the Dirac submatrix arising at one loop. It also guarantees one loop level masses for the SM charged fermions lighter than the top quark and protects Dark Matter (DM) candidates of the model. To the best of our knowledge our model has the first implementation of the radiative double seesaw mechanism with the Dirac submatrix generated at one loop level. We show that the model can successfully accommodate the observed pattern of SM fermion masses as well as mixings and is compatible with the constraints arising from the muon $g-2$ anomaly, neutrinoless double beta decay and DM.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·3 citations
22. 22*

    In Situ Measurements of Dark Photon Dark Matter Using Parker Solar Probe: Going beyond the Radio Window

    Haipeng An🇨🇳 · Shuailiang Ge🇨🇳 · Jia Liu🇨🇳 · Mingzhe Liu🇨🇳

    Dark photon dark matter (DPDM) emerges as a compelling candidate for ultralight bosonic dark matter, detectable through resonant conversion into photons within a plasma environment. This study employs in-situ measurements from the Parker Solar Probe (PSP), the first spacecraft to venture into the solar corona, to probe for DPDM signatures. The PSP in-situ measurements go beyond the traditional radio window, spanning frequencies between about 10 kHz and 20 MHz, a challenging range inaccessible to Earth-based radio astronomy. Additionally, the proximity of PSP to the resonant conversion location enhances the signal flux, providing a distinct advantage over ground-based observations. As a result, the PSP data establishes the most stringent constraints on the kinetic mixing parameter $ϵ$ for DPDM frequencies between 70 kHz and 20 MHz, with values of $ϵ\lesssim 10^{-14}-10^{-13}$. Investigating the data from STEREO satellites resulted in weaker constraints compared to those obtained from PSP. By utilizing state-of-the-art solar observations from space, we have surpassed the cosmic microwave background limits derived from early-universe observations.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SR+2PRL(2025)·22 citations
23. 23*

    The Resurgence of the G(2) Group for the Strong Sector and the Emergence of Dark Matter

    Nicolò Masi🇮🇹

    G(2) is the smallest exceptional group and it is the simplest and viable gauge group to minimally extend the strong interaction sector: G(2) includes the group SU(3) of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) as a maximal subgroup and it is equipped with six additional gluons that can acquire mass via a Higgs mechanism driven by a new Higgs particle and constitute dark matter. In this article I want to describe how the exceptional G(2) group can be a physical gauge group, capable of extending the Standard Model (SM) of particles and including a versatile dark sector, which is compatible with experimental observations. In fact, due to its peculiar mathematical features, the group G(2) manifests some complex features, not properly considered in literature, which guarantee its correct use in physics, as its {3}+anti{3} decompositions w.r.t. SU(3) can acquire a complex structure. The resulting framework can be a solid Beyond Standard Model (BSM) solution for the dark matter (DM) problem, in the form of massive complex scalar glueballs, and it includes the proper color representations for quarks and leptons. Several quantum field theory features are discussed, like the G(2) coupling constant running and its spectrum before and after the phase transition, along with all the DM astrophysical realizations, in order to present the unexpected potential of this gauge group.

    hep-phhep-thNPB(2024)·3 citations
24. 24*

    The Quark Pauli Principle and the Transmutation of Nuclear Matter

    Larry McLerran🇺🇸 · Gerald A. Miller🇺🇸

    The phase space density, ${\rho }^Q$, of quarks in nuclei is studied using realistic models of unintegrated quark distributions, known as transverse momentum densities (TMDs). If this density exceeds unity for matter at normal nuclear densities, the effects of the quark Pauli principle must play a role in nuclei, and models in which the nucleon density at low momentum is small (Quarkyonic matter) may become a starting point for an entirely new description of nuclei. We denote the nuclear density for which ${\rho }^Q=1$ to be a transmutation density, $n_T$, because quark degrees of freedom must be relevant at that density. Including the TMDs of [G. de Teramond et. al, \href{DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.182001} Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 120}, 182002, (2018)] for the valence quarks and phenomenological TMDs for the sea quarks we find that $n_T=0.17\pm 0.04\mathrm{f}{\mathrm{m}}^{-3}$, the density of normal nuclear matter. Some of fhe implications of this finding are discussed.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2024)·18 citations
25. 25*

    Strong magnetic field inside degenerate relativistic plasma and the impacts on the neutrino transport in Core-Collapse Supernovae

    Yudong Luo🇨🇳 · Shuai Zha🇨🇳 · Toshitaka Kajino🇨🇳

    We study the impacts of magnetic field on the neutrino transport inside core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe). Magnetic field quantizes the momentum of electrons and positrons, resulting in the modification of weak-interaction cross sections and the chemical potentials of electrons and positrons. We include these changes in the leakage scheme of neutrino transport and perform 1D CCSN simulations with GR1D, assuming the postbounce magnetic field strength of $10^{16-17}$ G. The results show that the neutrino opacities are enhanced due to the amplified interaction rates, resulting in a larger neutrinosphere. This further reduces the peak value of neutrino luminosities and their decay rates since neutrinos stay longer inside the neutrinosphere. Meanwhile, the neutrino mean energies are smaller shortly after bounce and reach their peak values at later times. As these neutrino properties are crucial in subsequent nucleosynthesis processes, including the $\nu$p-process, $\nu$-process, and $r$-process, our findings suggest that the magnetic field may leave discernible marks on the abundance pattern of nucleosynthesis in CCSN.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phCPC(2026)·4 citations
26. 26*

    Higher $\epsilon$-poles and logarithms in the MS-like schemes from the algebraic structure of the renormalization group

    Nikolai Meshcheriakov🇷🇺 · Victoria Shatalova🇷🇺 · Konstantin Stepanyantz🇷🇺

    We investigate the structure of renormalization constants within the MS-like renormalization prescriptions for a version of dimensional regularization in which the dimensionful regularization parameter $\Lambda$ differs from the renormalization point $\mu$. Namely, we rewrite the all-loop equations relating coefficients at higher $\epsilon$-poles and higher powers of $\ln \Lambda /\mu$ to the coefficients of the renormalization group functions in a simple unified form. It is argued that this form follows from the algebraic structure of the renormalization group.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2025)·3 citations
27. 27*

    Searches for Lepton Flavour Violation at ATLAS and CMS

    Holly Pacey (on behalf of the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations)🇬🇧

    Lepton flavour violation (LFV), and lepton flavour university violation (LFUV), are striking signatures of beyond the Standard Model (BSM) physics. Recent searches for these at the ATLAS and CMS experiments are presented, using proton-proton collisions with a centre of mass energy of 13 TeV. A range of models and signatures are considered, including leptoquarks, heavy neutral leptons, LFV in $\tau$ lepton decays, and new measurements of $R(K)$ and $R(J/\Psi )$.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph2 citations
28. 28*

    Generalised conditions for rapid-turn inflation

    Raul Wolters🇳🇱 · Oksana Iarygina🇸🇪 · Ana Achucarro🇳🇱

    Rapid-turn slow-roll inflationary trajectories have been shown to be an attractor in two-field models, provided the turn rate is near constant and larger than the slow-roll parameters. These trajectories can produce primordial spectra consistent with current observations on CMB scales. We present the generalized consistency condition for sustained rapid-turn inflationary trajectory with two fields, arbitrary field-space metric and potential valid for any value of the turn rate. This has to be supplemented by a second condition to ensure slow roll evolution. Both conditions together constitute a tool to identify inflationary trajectories with arbitrary values of the turning rate without having to solve the equations of motion. We present a Python package for the numerical identification of regions in field-space and parameter space that allow for rapid-turn trajectories.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·11 citations
29. 29*

    Graviton-photon conversions in Euler-Heisenberg nonlinear electrodynamics

    Jai-chan Hwang🇰🇷 · Hyerim Noh🇰🇷

    We study graviton-photon conversions in an environment of the uniform and constant magnetic field considering Euler-Köckel-Heisenberg-type nonlinear corrections in electrodynamics. We take the transverse-tracefree gauge for gravitons and employ both the field potential and the electric and magnetic (EM) fields for photons. The nonlinear correction causes parity violating (chiral) graviton propagation equations, which depend on the two treatments for photons. Thus, the medium becomes effectively birefringent for two polarizations of gravitational waves similar to the photon birefringence a characteristic of the nonlinear correction. In the presence of gravity, due to the nontrivial relation between the potential and EM fields, it is important to present the result using the EM fields.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2024)·0 citations
30. 30*

    Regularized Entanglement Entropy of Electron-Positron Scattering with a Witness Photon

    Shanmuka Shivashankara🇺🇸 · Grace Gogliettino🇺🇸

    Regularized quantum information metrics are calculated for the scattering process $e^{-}{e}^{+}\to \gamma ,Z\to {\mu }^{-}{\mu }^{+}$ that has a witness photon entangled with the initial electron-positron state. Unitarity implies the correct regularization of divergences that appear in both the final density matrix and von Neumann entanglement entropies. The entropies are found to quantify uncertainty or randomness. The variation of information, entanglement entropy, and correlation between the muon's and witness photon's helicities are found to convey equivalent information. The magnitude of the muon's expected helicity rises (falls) as the helicity entropy falls (rises). Area, or the scattering cross section, is a source of entropy for the muon's helicity entropy and momentum entropy. The muon's differential angular entropy distribution is similar to the differential angular cross section distribution, capturing the forward-backward asymmetry at high center of mass energies.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phquant-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
31. 31*

    High energy nucleus-nucleus collisions with accounting for Coulomb interaction

    Yu.M. Shabelski🇷🇺 · A.G. Shuvaev🇷🇺

    The differential elastic cross sections of ${}^{12}$C - ${}^{12}$C, ${}^{16}$O - ${}^{16}$O and ${}^{20}$Ne - ${}^{20}$Ne nuclei scattering are calculated in the complete Glauber theory with the account of the modification due to Coulomb interaction and form factor effects. The role of the Coulomb interaction is shown to be significant mainly in the diffractive minima. The results of the complete Coulomb calculations are noticeably different from those obtained in the Born approximation.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2026)·0 citations
32. 32*

    DESI constraints on the varying electron mass model and axion-like early dark energy

    Osamu Seto🇯🇵 · Yo Toda🇯🇵

    Baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) is one of the important standard rulers in cosmology. The results of the latest BAO measurements by Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey have been reported. Cosmology with the varying electron mass model and the early dark energy models are regarded as interesting models to resolve the Hubble tension. We present constraints on the varying electron mass model and early dark energy models in new DESI data as well as cosmic microwave background by Planck and the conventional BAO data from 6dF, MGS, and DR12 and supernovae light curve data into analysis. Since new DESI BAO data indicate a slightly longer sound horizon $r_{d}h$ than the other BAO observations, for the varying electron mass model, the larger $H_0=69.44\pm 0.84$ km$/$s$/$Mpc is indicated.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·54 citations
33. 33*

    $b\to s\ell \ell$ decays at LHCb

    Mark Smith (on behalf of the LHCb collaboration)🇬🇧

    Flavour changing neutral currents are suppressed in the Standard Model, making them a prime avenue to search for new physics. Although several measurements of the decay $B^0\to K^{\ast 0}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ have shown deviations from the Standard Model expectations, long-distance contributions may be imitating new physics. Here, the first amplitude analysis of $B^0\to K^{\ast 0}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ is carried out to try and discern such effects.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph5 citations
34. 34*

    Analysis of ${}^{115}$In $\beta$ decay through the spectral moment method

    Joel Kostensalo🇫🇮 · Eligio Lisi🇮🇹 · Antonio Marrone🇮🇹 · Jouni Suhonen🇫🇮

    We analyze the ${}^{115}$In $\beta$-decay energy spectrum through the spectral moment method (SMM), previously introduced in the context of ${}^{113}$Cd $\beta$ decay. The spectral moments ${\mu }_n$ are defined as averaged $n^{\mathrm{th}}$ powers of the $\beta$ particle energy, characterizing the spectrum normalization ($n=0$) and shape ($n\ge 1$) above a given threshold. For ${}^{115}$In, we consider three independent datasets characterized by different thresholds. We also consider three nuclear model calculations with two free parameters: the ratio of axial-vector to vector couplings, $r=g_{\mathrm{A}}/g_{\mathrm{V}}$, and the small vector-like relativistic nuclear matrix element (NME), $s=s$-NME. By using the most recent of the three datasets, we show that the first few spectral moments can determine $(r,s)$ values in good agreement with those obtained by full-fledged experimental fits. We then work out the SMM results for the other datasets. We find that, although $g_{\mathrm{A}}$ quenching is generally favored, the preferred quenching factors may differ considerably depending on the chosen experimental data and nuclear models. We discuss various issues affecting both the overall normalization and the low-energy behaviour of the measured and computed spectra, and their joint effects on the experimentally quoted half-life values. Further ${}^{115}$In $\beta$-decay data at the lowest possible energy threshold appear to be crucial to clarify these issues.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exPRC(2024)·5 citations
35. 35*

    Binary neutron star mergers as the source of the highest energy cosmic rays

    Glennys R. Farrar🇺🇸

    We propose that ultrahigh energy cosmic rays are produced in binary neutron star mergers. This scenario can account for the heretofore inexplicable narrow rigidity range of UHECRs, because the jets of BNS mergers are generated by a gravitationally-driven dynamo and thus are nearly identical due to the narrow range of BNS masses. Observed UHECRs with energies well beyond 100 EeV can be explained as $r$-process nuclei, without invoking an exotic source class. Evidence for this mechanism, and its prediction of coincidences between neutrinos above 10 PeV and gravitational waves, are discussed.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRL(2025)·44 citations
36. 36*

    The Baryon Junction and String Interactions

    Zohar Komargodski🇺🇸 · Siwei Zhong🇺🇸

    We study junctions between confining strings. We show that the effective theory of such junctions is very predictive with only one new parameter, the junction's mass, controlling the first couple of terms in the expansion in the system size. By open-closed duality these considerations about the baryon junction map to interaction vertices of closed strings. Therefore, we calculate the interaction vertices of closed strings in theories such as Yang-Mills theory. We find some surprising selection rules for string interactions in 3+1 dimensions. Requiring perturbative stability and that the string coupling is weak, we suggest constraints on the junction's mass.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·16 citations
37. 37*

    Deciphering Hypertriton and Antihypertriton Spins from Their Global Polarizations in Heavy-Ion Collisions

    Kai-Jia Sun🇨🇳 · Dai-Neng Liu🇨🇳 · Yun-Peng Zheng🇨🇳 · Jin-Hui Chen🇨🇳 · Che Ming Ko🇺🇸 · Yu-Gang Ma🇨🇳

    Understanding the properties of hypernuclei is crucial for constraining the nature of hyperon-nucleon ($Y\text{-}N$) interactions, which plays a key role in determining the inner structure of compact stars. The lightest hypernuclei and antihypernuclei are the hypertriton (${}_{\Lambda }^3\text{H}$), which consists of a pair of nucleons and a $\Lambda$ hyperon, and its antinucleus (${}_{\bar{\Lambda }}^3\overline{\mathrm{H}}$). Significant knowledge has recently been acquired regarding the mass, lifetime, and binding energy of ${}_{\Lambda }^3\text{H}$. However, its exact spin, whether $\frac{1}{2}$ or $\frac{3}{2}$, remains undetermined in both experimental and theoretical studies. Here, we present a novel method of using the hypertriton global polarization in heavy-ion collisions to decipher not only its total spin but also its internal spin structure. This method is based on the finding that its three different spin structures exhibit distinct beam energy dependence of its global polarization when it is produced in these collisions from the coalescence of proton, neutron and $\Lambda$. Future observations of the hypertriton and antihypertriton global polarizations thus provide the opportunity to unveil the spin structures of hypertriton and antihypertriton and their production mechanisms in heavy-ion collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph1 citation
38. 38*

    On model emulation and closure tests for 3+1D relativistic heavy-ion collisions

    Hendrik Roch🇺🇸 · Syed Afrid Jahan🇺🇸 · Chun Shen🇺🇸

    In nuclear and particle physics, reconciling sophisticated simulations with experimental data is vital for understanding complex systems like the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) generated in heavy-ion collisions. However, computational demands pose challenges, motivating using Gaussian Process emulators for efficient parameter extraction via Bayesian calibration. We conduct a comparative analysis of Gaussian Process emulators in heavy-ion physics to identify the most adept emulator for parameter extraction with minimal uncertainty. Our study contributes to advancing computational techniques in heavy-ion physics, enhancing our ability to interpret experimental data and understand QGP properties.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2024)·14 citations
39. 39*

    Cosmological inhomogeneities, primordial black holes, and a hypothesis on the death of the universe

    Damiano Anselmi🇮🇹

    We study the impact of the expansion of the universe on a broad class of objects, including black holes, neutron stars, white dwarfs, and others. Using metrics that incorporate primordial inhomogeneities, the effects of a hypothetical "center of the universe" on inflation are calculated. Dynamic coordinates for black holes that account for expansions or contractions with arbitrary rates are provided. We consider the possibility that the universe may be bound to evolve into an ultimate state of "total dilution", wherein stable particles are so widely separated that physical communication among them will be impossible for eternity. This is also a scenario of "cosmic virtuality", as no wave-function collapse would occur again. We provide classical models evolving this way, based on the Majumdar-Papapetrou geometries. More realistic configurations, instead, indicate that gravitational forces locally counteract expansion, except in the universe's early stages. We comment on whether quantum phenomena may dictate that total dilution is indeed the cosmos' ultimate destiny.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-ph+1Symmetry(2024)·0 citations
40. 40*

    SkyCURTAINs: Model agnostic search for Stellar Streams with Gaia data

    Debajyoti Sengupta🇨🇭 · Stephen Mulligan🇨🇭 · David Shih🇺🇸 · John Andrew Raine🇨🇭 · Tobias Golling🇨🇭

    We present SkyCURTAINs, a data driven and model agnostic method to search for stellar streams in the Milky Way galaxy using data from the Gaia telescope. SkyCURTAINs is a weakly supervised machine learning algorithm that builds a background enriched template in the signal region by leveraging the correlation of the source's characterising features with their proper motion in the sky. This allows for a more representative template of the background in the signal region, and reduces the false positives in the search for stellar streams. The minimal model assumptions in the SkyCURTAINs method allow for a flexible and efficient search for various kinds of anomalies such as streams, globular clusters, or dwarf galaxies directly from the data. We test the performance of SkyCURTAINs on the GD-1 stream and show that it is able to recover the stream with a purity of 75.4% which is an improvement of over 10% over existing machine learning based methods while retaining a signal efficiency of 37.9%.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAhep-phphysics.data-anMNRAS(2024)·10 citations
41. 41*

    Geant4: a Game Changer in High Energy Physics and Related Applicative Fields

    Tullio Basaglia🇨🇭 · Zane W. Bell🇺🇸 · Daniele D'Agostino🇮🇹 · Paul V. Dressendorfer🇺🇸 · Simone Giani🇨🇭 · Maria Grazia Pia🇮🇹 · Paolo Saracco🇮🇹

    Geant4 is an object-oriented toolkit for the simulation of the passage of particles through matter. Its development was initially motivated by the requirements of physics experiments at high energy hadron colliders under construction in the last decade of the 20th century. Since its release in 1998, it has been exploited in many different applicative fields, including space science, nuclear physics, medical physics and archaeology. Its valuable support to scientific discovery is demonstrated by more than 16000 citations received in the past 25 years, including notable citations for main discoveries in different fields. This accomplishment shows that well designed software plays a key role in enabling scientific advancement. In this paper we discuss the key principles and the innovative decisions at the basis of Geant4, which made it a game changer in high energy physics and related fields, and outline some considerations regarding future directions.

    ↳ physics.comp-phhep-ph8 citations
42. 42*

    CMB-HD as a Probe of Dark Matter on Sub-Galactic Scales

    Amanda MacInnis🇺🇸 · Neelima Sehgal🇺🇸

    We show for the first time that high-resolution CMB lensing observations can probe structure on sub-galactic scales. In particular, a CMB-HD experiment can probe out to k ~ 55 h/Mpc, corresponding to halo masses of about $10^8{M}_{\odot }$. Over the range 0.005 h/Mpc < k < 55 h/Mpc, spanning four orders of magnitude, the total lensing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the temperature, polarization, and lensing power spectra is greater than 1900. CMB-HD gains most of the lensing SNR at small scales from the temperature power spectrum, as opposed to the lensing spectrum. These lensing measurements allow CMB-HD to distinguish between cold dark matter (CDM) and non-CDM models that change the matter power spectrum on sub-galactic scales. We also find that CMB-HD can distinguish between baryonic feedback effects and non-CDM models due to the different way each impacts the lensing signal. The kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (kSZ) power spectrum further constrains non-CDM models that deviate from CDM on the smallest scales CMB-HD measures. For example, CMB-HD can detect 1 keV warm dark matter (WDM) at 30$\sigma$, or rule out about 7 keV WDM at 95% CL, in a $\Lambda$WDM + $N_{\mathrm{eff}}+\sum m_{\nu }+m_{\mathrm{WDM}}+{\log }_{10}{T}_{\mathrm{AGN}}+A_{\mathrm{kSZ}}+n_{\mathrm{kSZ}}$ model; here $T_{\mathrm{AGN}}$ characterizes the strength of the feedback, and $A_{\mathrm{kSZ}}$ and $n_{\mathrm{kSZ}}$ allow freedom in the amplitude and slope of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich power spectrum. This work provides an initial exploration of what can be achieved with reasonable assumptions about systematic effects. We make the CMB-HD Fisher code used here publicly available, and note that it can be modified to use any non-CDM model that changes the matter power spectrum.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2025)·14 citations
43. 43*

    Dark Branches of Immortal Stars at the Galactic Center

    Isabelle John🇸🇪 · Rebecca K. Leane🇺🇸 · Tim Linden🇸🇪

    We show that stars in the inner parsec of the Milky Way can be significantly affected by dark matter annihilation, producing population-level effects that are visible in a Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram. We establish the dark HR diagram, where stars lie on a new stable $\text{dark main sequence}$ with similar luminosities, but lower temperatures, than the standard main sequence. The dark matter density in these stars continuously replenishes, granting these stars immortality and solving multiple stellar anomalies. Upcoming telescopes could detect the dark main sequence, offering a new dark matter discovery avenue.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-phPRD(2025)·20 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.