Wed·Apr 17, 2024Wednesday·April 17, 2024

1. 01*

   A critical study of the Monte Carlo replica method

   Mark N. Costantini🇬🇧 · Maeve Madigan🇩🇪 · Luca Mantani🇬🇧 · James M. Moore🇬🇧

   We present a detailed mathematical study of the Monte Carlo replica method as applied in the global fitting literature from the high-energy physics theory community. For the first time, we provide a rigorous derivation of the parameter distributions implied by the method, and show that, whilst they agree with Bayesian posteriors for linear models, they disagree otherwise. We proceed to numerically quantify the disagreement between the Monte Carlo replica method and the Bayesian method in the context of two phenomenologically relevant scenarios: fits of the SMEFT Wilson coefficients, and fits of PDFs (albeit in a toy scenario). In both scenarios, we find that uncertainty estimates of the quantities of interest are discrepant between the two approaches when non-linearity is relevant. Our findings motivate future investigation of Bayesian methodologies for global PDF fits, especially in the context of simultaneous determination of PDFs and SMEFT Wilson coefficients.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·26 citations
2. 02*

   SMEFT predictions for semileptonic processes

   Siddhartha Karmakar🇮🇳 · Amol Dighe🇮🇳 · Rick S. Gupta🇮🇳

   The $SU(2{)}_L\times U(1{)}_Y$ invariance of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) predicts multiple restrictions in the space of Wilson coefficients of $U(1{)}_{em}$ invariant effective lagrangians such as the Low-energy Effective Field Theory (LEFT), used for low-energy flavor-physics observables, or the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT) in unitary gauge, appropriate for weak-scale observables. In this work, we derive and list all such predictions for semileptonic operators up to dimension 6. We find that these predictions can be expressed as 2223 linear relations among the HEFT/LEFT Wilson coefficients, that are completely independent of any assumptions about the alignment of the mass and flavor bases. These relations connect diverse experimental searches such as rare meson decays, high-$p_T$ dilepton searches, top decays, $Z$-pole observables, charged lepton flavor violating observables and non-standard neutrino interaction searches. We demonstrate how these relations can be used to derive strong indirect constraints on multiple Wilson coefficients that are currently either weakly constrained from direct experiments or have no direct bound at all. These relations also imply, in general, that evidence for new physics in a particular search channel must be accompanied by correlated anomalies in other channels.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·10 citations
3. 03*

   Solar reflection of dark matter with dark-photon mediators

   Timon Emken🇸🇪 · Rouven Essig🇺🇸 · Hailin Xu🇺🇸

   We consider the scattering of low-mass halo dark-matter particles in the hot plasma of the Sun, focusing on dark matter that interact with ordinary matter through a dark-photon mediator. The resulting ``solar-reflected'' dark matter (SRDM) component contains high-velocity particles, which significantly extend the sensitivity of terrestrial direct-detection experiments to sub-MeV dark-matter masses. We use a detailed Monte-Carlo simulation to model the propagation and scattering of dark-matter particles in the Sun, including thermal effects, with special emphasis on ultralight dark-photon mediators. We study the properties of the SRDM flux, obtain exclusion limits from various direct-detection experiments, and provide projections for future experiments, focusing especially on those with silicon and xenon targets. We find that proposed future experiments with xenon and silicon targets can probe the entire ``freeze-in benchmark,'' in which dark matter is coupled to an ultralight dark photon, including dark-matter masses as low as $\mathcal{O}$(keV). Our simulations and SRDM fluxes are publicly available.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·34 citations
4. 04*

   Microscopic Black Hole Events in Future Hadron Colliders

   Halil Gamsızkan🇹🇷

   Microscopic black hole production at future hadron colliders is a promising avenue to explore low scale gravity models like ADD. This study investigates production cross-sections and final state properties of these black holes using the BlackMax event generator. We analyze scenarios with varying proton-proton collision energies (27 TeV and 100 TeV), number of extra dimensions (2, 4, and 6), and black hole rotation. Black holes are found to decay to up to seventeen particles, which have high transverse momentum (up to 30 TeV) and concentrated in the central region. This unique signature allows them to be distinguished from background processes. The parameter space explored suggests future colliders like HE-LHC and FCC-hh have the potential to probe low scale gravity models.

   hep-ph0 citations
5. 05*

   The $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ at CMB challenges $U(1{)}_X$ light gauge boson scenarios

   Dilip Kumar Ghosh🇮🇳 · Purusottam Ghosh🇮🇳 · Sk Jeesun🇮🇳 · Rahul Srivastava🇮🇳

   The relativistic degrees of freedom ($N_{\mathrm{eff}}$) is one of the crucial cosmological parameters. The precise measurement of $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ at the time of cosmic microwave background formation, by Planck 2018 can be used to understand the new fundamental interactions, in particular involving light mediators. Presence of any new particle with sufficient energy density and sizeable interactions with Standard Model particles at the temperature around $\sim$ MeV can significantly alter the neutrino decoupling and hence $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$. Thus the bound on $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ can place stringent constraints on various beyond Standard Model paradigms involving light particles. $U(1{)}_X$ models are among such scenarios and are widely studied in several aspects. In this work, we consider several popular $U(1{)}_X$ models with light $Z^{\prime }$ boson like $U(1{)}_{B-L}$, $U(1{)}_{B-3L_i}$, $U(1{)}_{B_i-3L_j}$, $U(1{)}_{L_i-L_j}$; $i,j=1,2,3$ being the flavour indices and study their impact on $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$. We also examine the constraints from ground based experiments like Xenon1T, Borexino, trident, etc. Our analysis shows that for light mass $M_{Z^{\prime }}\lesssim \mathcal{O}(\mathrm{MeV})$ the $N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ provides the most stringent constraints on the $Z^{\prime }$ mass and coupling, far exceeding the existing constraints from other experiments.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·36 citations
6. 06*

   Chiral phase transition in soft-wall AdS/QCD with scalar-dilaton coupling

   Sean P. Bartz🇺🇸 · Robert C. Meadows🇺🇸 · Glenn Brock🇺🇸

   The chiral phase boundary of nuclear matter is expected to have a critical point where the rapid crossover of lattice methods at zero chemical potential becomes a first-order phase transition. Phenomenological models based on the AdS/CFT correspondence, known as AdS/ QCD, have succeeded in capturing many features of nuclear matter, with recent progress in producing the expected critical point. We study a model that produces a critical point in the chiral phase diagram by introducing a coupling between the scalar chiral field and the dilaton. We examine the effect of the scalar-dilaton coupling on the critical point. We also study the zero-temperature chiral dynamics, which must allow for spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking in the limit of zero quark mass. We find that when the scalar-dilaton coupling is large enough to ensure correct zero-temperature chiral dynamics, a critical point is present only if the quark mass is greater than 12.8 MeV.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·3 citations
7. 07*

   Symmetries and Thermal Radiation: A Classical Derivation of the Planck Spectrum

   Timothy H. Boyer

   A derivation of the Planck spectrum for thermal radiation is given based upon wave fluctuations within relativistic classical physics. The derivation depends crucially on thermal fluctuations existing above the fundamental inertial-frame-independent fluctuations of classical zero-point radiation. Such frame-independent zero-point fluctuations exist only in a relativistic wave theory and cannot exist in a nonrelativistic wave theory. Thus such a classical derivation of the Planck spectrum exists in a Lorentz-covariant classical theory, such as classical electrodynamics, but not in a Galilean-covariant theory where all waves are based upon material media. Classical zero-point radiation provides a purely classical alternative to quanta in the analysis of the Planck spectrum.

   hep-phmath-phmath.MP0 citations
8. 08*

   Majoron-Driven Leptogenesis in Gauged $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ Model

   Juntaro Wada🇯🇵

   We propose a novel leptogenesis scenario in the gauged $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ model. Achieving successful leptogenesis in the $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ symmetric phase is challenging due to the absence of a CP phase, caused by restriction from the gauge symmetry. To overcome this issue, we introduce an additional global symmetry, $U(1{)}_{B-L}$, and a scalar field $\Phi$ responsible for breaking this symmetry. Through the kinetic misalignment mechanism, the majoron field associated with $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ symmetry breaking has a kinetic motion in the early universe. Subsequently, time-dependent majoron field background induces the background CP phase dynamically, leading to successful leptogenesis in the $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ symmetric phase. Furthermore, majoron itself serves as a dark matter candidate in this scenario. As one of the phenomenological applications, we consider the model that can also explain the muon $g-2$ anomaly.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·14 citations
9. 09*

   The N2HDM, Entropy Production and Stochastic Gravitational Waves

   Arnab Chaudhuri🇯🇵 · Kazunori Kohri🇯🇵

   This study undertakes a reconsideration of the potential for a first-order electroweak phase transition, focusing on the next-to-minimal two Higgs doublet model (N2HDM). Our exploration spans diverse parameter spaces associated with the phase transition, with a particular emphasis on examining the generation of stochastic Gravitational Waves (GW) resulting from this transition. The obtained results are meticulously compared against data from prominent gravitational wave observatories, and the possibility of their detection in the future GW observations have been established. In passing by we analyse the strength of the phase transition through the production of entropy during the electroweak phase transition.

   hep-phastro-ph.CONPB(2025)·9 citations
10. 10*

    Axion star condensation around primordial black holes and microlensing limits

    Ziwen Yin🇨🇳 · Luca Visinelli🇨🇳

    We present novel findings concerning the parameter space of axion stars, extended object forming in dense dark matter environments through gravitational condensation. We emphasize their formation within the dense minihalos that potentially surround primordial black holes and in axion miniclusters. Our study investigates the relation between the radius and mass of an axion star in these dense surroundings, revealing distinct morphological characteristics compared to isolated scenarios. We explore the implications of these results when applied to the bound state between a primordial black hole and an axion star and the gravitational microlensing from extended objects, leading to insights on the observational constraints from such ``halo'' axion stars. We provide a constraint on the fraction of the galactic population of axion stars from their contribution to the microlensing events from the EROS-2 survey, using the numerical resolution of the Schrödinger-Poisson equation.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·18 citations
11. 11*

    Symmetries for the 4HDM. II. Extensions by rephasing groups

    Jiazhen Shao🇨🇳 · Igor P. Ivanov🇨🇳 · Mikko Korhonen🇨🇳

    We continue classification of finite groups which can be used as symmetry group of the scalar sector of the four-Higgs-doublet model (4HDM). Our objective is to systematically construct non-abelian groups via the group extension procedure, starting from the abelian groups $A$ and their automorphism groups $\mathrm{Aut}(A)$. Previously, we considered all cyclic groups $A$ available for the 4HDM scalar sector. Here, we further develop the method and apply it to extensions by the remaining rephasing groups $A$, namely $A={\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2$, ${\mathbb{Z}}_4\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2$, and ${\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2$. As $\mathrm{Aut}(A)$ grows, the procedure becomes more laborious, but we prove an isomorphism theorem which helps classify all the options. We also comment on what remains to be done to complete the classification of all finite non-abelian groups realizable in the 4HDM scalar sector without accidental continuous symmetries.

    hep-phJ.Phys.A(2024)·7 citations
12. 12*

    Superradiant Darwinism: survival of the lightest axion

    Daniel Neves🇵🇹 · João G. Rosa🇵🇹

    We study the dynamical evolution of superradiant instabilities of rotating black holes for multiple axion fields with comparable masses, motivated by string theory constructions, which typically exhibit a large number of light axions, with a broad range of masses. We show, in particular, that even though superradiant clouds for the heavier axion species grow faster, they are eventually reabsorbed by the black hole as the latter amplifies the lighter axion field(s), analogously to the dynamics of different species competing for the same resources in an ecosystem. We also incorporate in our study the effects of accretion and gravitational wave emission. We further demonstrate that the existence of multiple axion species with comparable masses may have a substantial impact on the stochastic gravitational wave background produced by axion clouds around black hole binary merger remnants, which could be probed with planned detectors.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJCAP(2025)·3 citations
13. 13*

    More variables or more bins? Impact on the EFT interpretation of Drell-Yan measurements

    Samuele Grossi🇮🇹 · Riccardo Torre🇮🇹

    We generalize previous studies on constraining operators of the Standard Model Effective Field Theory using Drell-Yan (DY) measurements to include at the same time all relevant operators and uncertainties. It has been shown that fully differential measurements (triple differential for neutral and double differential for charged) are more sensitive to EFT effects. Nevertheless, due to the finite statistics, the fully differential measurements sacrifice some statistical power on the shape (less invariant mass or transverse momentum bins) in favour of more kinematic variables. We show that when the observables are particularly sensitive to the shape of the distributions, such as the invariant mass of the two leptons in neutral DY, the single differential measurement with more bins, may be as sensitive as the fully differential one, at least for specific EFT operators. This suggests to always supplement fully differential analyses with projections into the relevant distributions evaluated with finer bins.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·7 citations
14. 14*

    Azimuthal spin asymmetries in pion-polarized proton induced Drell-Yan process at COMPASS using holographic light-front QCD

    Bheemsehan Gurjar🇮🇳 · Chandan Mondal🇨🇳

    We compute all the leading-twist azimuthal spin asymmetries in the pion-proton induced Drell-Yan process. These spin asymmetries arise from convolutions of the leading-twist transverse-momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) of both the incoming pion and the target proton. We employ the holographic light-front pion wave functions for the pion TMDs, while for the proton TMDs, we utilize a light-front quark-diquark model constructed by the soft-wall AdS/QCD. The gluon rescattering is crucial to predict nonzero time-reversal odd TMDs. We study the utility of a nonperturbative SU$(3)$ gluon rescattering kernel, which extends beyond the typical assumption of perturbative U$(1)$ gluons. Subsequently, we employ Collins-Soper scale evolution at Next-to-Leading Logarithmic precision for the TMDs evolution. Our predictions for the spin asymmetries are consistent with the available experimental data from COMPASS and other phenomenological studies. We also present the cross section for the pion-nucleus induced Drell-Yan process with the obtained pion TMDs supplemented by the TMDs of the target nucleus.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·2 citations
15. 15*

    Influence of new states in searches for negative gauge-Higgs couplings

    Carlos Henrique de Lima🇨🇦 · Daniel Stolarski🇨🇦

    In this work, we explore how constraints based on interference effects for the negative gauge-Higgs coupling scenario are affected by new physics. Models that achieve this wrong-sign gauge-Higgs coupling inevitably have new charged Higgs states. These states affect the interpretation of interference effects. We recast the ATLAS analysis for VBF $Wh$, showing that the previously excluded negative gauge-Higgs coupling scenario is still experimentally viable for charged Higgs masses below $370$~GeV. We show that it is possible to weaken this bound further with mild tuning in the parameter space. We discuss how to further constrain the wrong-sign gauge-Higgs coupling hypothesis and point out the potential of VBF $Zh$ to exclude this scenario in a model-independent way.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·6 citations
16. 16*

    Dark Dimension and the Effective Field Theory limit

    Carlo Branchina🇮🇹 · Vincenzo Branchina🇮🇹 · Filippo Contino🇮🇹 · Arcangelo Pernace🇮🇹

    In [1] we pointed out that in the Dark Dimension scenario [2] theoretical issues arise when the prediction for the vacuum energy $\rho$, that is obtained from swampland conjectures in string theory, is confronted with the corresponding result for $\rho$ in the effective field theory (EFT) limit. One of the problems concerns the widely spread belief that in higher dimensional EFTs with compact dimensions the vacuum energy is automatically finite. On the contrary, our analysis shows that $\rho$ contains (previously missed) UV-sensitive terms. Our work was challenged in [3]. Here we show why in our opinion the claims in [3] are flawed, and provide further support to our findings. We conclude presenting ideas on the physical mechanism that should dispose of the large UV contributions to $\rho$.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phInt.J.Geom.Meth.Mod.Phys.(2025)·12 citations
17. 17*

    $\alpha$-attractor potentials in loop quantum cosmology

    G. L. L. W. Levy🇧🇷 · Rudnei O. Ramos🇧🇷

    We perform in this work an analysis of the background dynamics for $\alpha$-attractor models in the context of loop quantum cosmology. Particular attention is given to the determination of the duration of the inflationary phase that is preceded by the quantum bounce in these models. From an analysis of the general predictions for these models, it is shown that we can be able to put constraints in the parameter $\alpha$ of the potentials and also on the quantum model itself, especially the Barbero-Immirzi parameter. In particular, the constraints on the tensor-to-scalar ratio and spectral tilt of the cosmological perturbations limit the $\alpha$ parameter of the potentials to values such that ${\alpha }_{n=0}\lesssim 10$, ${\alpha }_{n=1}\lesssim 17$ and ${\alpha }_{n=2}\lesssim 67$, for the $\alpha$ attractors T, E, and $n=2$ models, respectively. Using the constraints on the minimal amount of e-folds of expansion from the quantum bounce up to the end of inflation leads to the upper bounds for the Barbero-Immirzi parameter for the $\alpha$-attractor models studied in this work: ${\gamma }_{n=0}\lesssim 51.2$, ${\gamma }_{n=1}\lesssim 63.4$ and ${\gamma }_{n=2}\lesssim 64.2$, which are obtained when fixing the parameter $\alpha$ in the potential at the values saturating the upper bounds given above for each model.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·7 citations
18. 18*

    Calibration of the Cryogenic Measurement System of a Resonant Haloscope Cavity

    Dong He🇨🇳 · Jie Fan🇨🇳 · Xin Gao🇨🇳 · Yu Gao🇨🇳 · Nick Houston🇨🇳 · Zhongqing Ji🇨🇳 · Yirong Jin🇨🇳 · Chuang Li🇨🇳 · Jinmian Li🇨🇳 · Tianjun Li🇨🇳 · Shi-hang Liu🇨🇳 · Jia-Shu Niu🇨🇳 and 14 other authors

    Possible light bosonic dark matter interactions with the Standard Model photon have been searched by microwave resonant cavities. In this paper, we demonstrate the cryogenic readout system calibration of a 7.138 GHz copper cavity with a loaded quality factor $Q_l=10^4$, operated at 22 mK temperature based on a dilution refrigerator. Our readout system consists of High Electron Mobility Transistors as cryogenic amplifiers at 4 K, plus room-temperature amplifiers and a spectrum analyzer for signal power detection. We test the system with a superconducting two-level system as a single-photon source in the microwave frequency regime and report an overall 95.6 dB system gain and -71.4 dB attenuation in the cavity's input channel. The effective noise temperature of the measurement system is 7.5 K.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phquant-phCPC(2024)·5 citations
19. 19*

    Status and progress of lattice QCD

    Takashi Kaneko🇯🇵

    We review recent progress from lattice QCD for the determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix elements.

    ↳ hep-lathep-ph1 citation
20. 20*

    Scalar field dark matter with time-varying equation of state

    Gaspard Poulot🇬🇧 · Elsa M. Teixeira🇬🇧 · Carsten van de Bruck🇬🇧 · Nelson J. Nunes🇵🇹

    We propose a new model of scalar field dark matter interacting with dark energy. Adopting a fluid description of the dark matter field in the regime of rapid oscillations, we find that the equation of state for dark matter is non-zero and even becomes increasingly negative at late times during dark energy domination. Furthermore, the speed of sound of dark matter is non-vanishing at all length scales, and a non-adiabatic pressure contribution arises. The results indicate that there are still unexplored possible interactions within the dark sector that lead to novel background effects and can impact structure formation processes.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2025)·15 citations
21. 21*

    Lattice QCD determination of the normalization of the leading-twist photon distribution amplitude and susceptibility of the quark condensate

    S. Bacchio🇨🇾 · D. Bečirević🇫🇷 · G. Gagliardi🇮🇹 · F. Sanfilippo🇮🇹

    The normalization of the leading-twist photon distribution amplitude (DA), $f_{\gamma }^{\perp }$, is an important ingredient in the study of exclusive processes involving the photon emission by means of QCD sum-rules. In this paper we determine the up- , down- and strange-quark contribution to $f_{\gamma }^{\perp }$ by exploiting its relation to the zero-momentum two-point correlation function of the electromagnetic current $J_{\mathrm{em}}^{\mu }$ and the electric component of the tensor current $T^{\mu \nu }$. To that end we employ the gauge ensembles obtained by using $N_f=2+1+1$ Wilson-Clover twisted-mass quark flavors, generated by the Extended Twisted Mass (ETM) Collaboration, and after adding all sources of systematic uncertainties, we obtain a total error of $1.5\%$ and $3.5\%$, respectively, for the light- ($u$ and $d$) and strange-quark contribution to $f_{\gamma }^{\perp }(2\mathrm{GeV})$ in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme, thus improving their accuracy by a factor of $2.3$ and $2.8$, respectively. For the strange-quark contribution $f_{\gamma ,s}^{\perp }(2\mathrm{GeV})$, we observe a discrepancy with respect to previous lattice calculations. By combining our result with the world average lattice value of the chiral condensate, we obtain for the susceptibility of the quark condensate ${\chi }_d^{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}(2\mathrm{GeV})\simeq {\chi }_u^{\overline{\mathrm{MS}}}(2\mathrm{GeV})=2.17(12)\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^{-2}$.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2024)·2 citations
22. 22*

    Cosmic Inflation at the Crossroads

    Jerome Martin🇫🇷 · Christophe Ringeval🇧🇪 · Vincent Vennin🇫🇷

    The capability of Cosmic Inflation to explain the latest Cosmic Microwave Background and Baryonic Acoustic Oscillation data is assessed by performing Bayesian model comparison within the landscape of nearly three-hundred models of single-field slow-roll inflation. We present the first Bayesian data analysis based on the third-order slow-roll primordial power spectra. In particular, the fourth Hubble-flow function ${ϵ}_4$ remains unbounded while the third function verifies, at two-sigma, ${ϵ}_3\in [-0.4,0.5]$, which is perfectly compatible with the slow-roll predictions for the running of the spectral index. We also observe some residual excess of $B$-modes within the BICEP/Keck data favoring, at a non-statistically significant level, non-vanishing primordial tensor modes: $\log ({ϵ}_1)>-3.9$, at $68\%$ confidence level. Then, for 283 models of single-field inflation, we compute the Bayesian evidence, the Bayesian dimensionality and the marginalized posteriors of all the models' parameters, including the ones associated with the reheating era. The average information gain on the reheating parameter $R_{\mathrm{reh}}$ reaches $1.3\pm 0.18$ bits, which is more than a factor two improvement compared to the first Planck data release. As such, inflationary model predictions cannot meet data accuracy without specifying, or marginalizing over, the reheating kinematics. We also find that more than $40\%$ of the scenarios are now strongly disfavored, which shows that the constraining power of cosmological data is winning against the increase of the number of proposed models. In addition, about $20\%$ of all models have evidences within the most probable region and are all favored according to the Jeffreys' scale of Bayesian evidences.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·60 citations
23. 23*

    Superradiant instability of area quantized Kerr black hole with discrete reflectivity

    Zhong-Hao Luo🇨🇳 · Yun-Long Zhang🇨🇳

    Ultralight bosons can condense to form the so-called bosonic clouds around spinning black holes by superradiance instability. When quantum effects are taken into account, the classical black holes were replaced by exotic compact objects including area quantized black holes. In this work, we consider the superradiant instabilities of massive scalar fields around area quantized Kerr black hole. We introduce the reflectivity of area quantized black hole possesses the distinct discrete feature, and the scalar fields have the superradiant modes solution only within the specific mass range. In addition, the area quantization may terminate the superradiance when the black hole spins down, or even suppress the formation of the bosionic cloud.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thEPJC(2025)·6 citations
24. 24*

    Strong lensing of gravitational waves with modified propagation

    Hiroki Takeda🇯🇵 · Takahiro Tanaka🇯🇵

    We explore the impact of corrections to the propagation on the waveforms of gravitationally lensed gravitational waves under the geometrical optics approximation, focusing on both uniform cosmological modifications and local modifications localized around lensing objects. By adopting a model-independent phenomenological approach, we systematically investigate the effects of these modifications in strong lensing scenarios, where detection of multiple images is expected. Our analysis reveals that cosmological modifications can yield corrections to the time delay that remain to be minor compared with the effects that accumulate over the whole propagation process, which are present also in the unlensed waveform. By contrast, local modifications around lensing objects can alter the image position and also the magnification factor, which is potentially polarization-selective and frequency-dependent. In some case we can have image disappearance as well as signal amplification. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such modifications can cause degradation of waveform match with the templates based on general relativity. This study highlights the importance of considering waveform modifications to search for the signature of modified propagation or the existence of extra polarization modes, and proposes potential observational targets.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·5 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.