Thu·Mar 28, 2024Thursday·March 28, 2024

1. 01*

   Pressure and speed of sound in two-flavor color-superconducting quark matter at next-to-leading order

   Andreas Geißel🇩🇪 · Tyler Gorda🇩🇪 · Jens Braun🇩🇪

   Deconfined quark matter at asymptotically high densities is weakly coupled, due to the asymptotic freedom of Quantum Chromodynamics. In this weak-coupling regime, bulk thermodynamic properties of quark matter, assuming a trivial ground state, are currently known to partial next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order. However, the ground state at high densities is expected to be a color superconductor, in which the excitation spectrum of (at least some) quarks exhibit a gap with a non-perturbative dependence on the strong coupling. In this work, we calculate the thermodynamic properties of color-superconducting quark matter at high densities and zero temperature at next-to-leading order (NLO) in the coupling in the presence of a finite gap. We work in the limit of two massless quark flavors, which corresponds to deconfined symmetric nuclear matter, and further assume that the gap is small compared to the quark chemical potential. In these limits, we find that the NLO corrections to the pressure and speed of sound are comparable in size to the leading-order effects of the gap, and further increase both quantities above their values for non-superconducting quark matter. We also provide a parameterization of the NLO speed of sound to guide phenomenology in the high-density region, and we furthermore comment on whether our findings should be expected to extend to the case of three-flavor quark matter of relevance to neutron stars.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·32 citations
2. 02*

   A closer scrutiny of cosmic ray proton energy losses

   AmirFarzan Esmaeili🇧🇷 · Arman Esmaili🇧🇷 · Pasquale Dario Serpico🇫🇷

   The percent-level precision attained by modern cosmic ray (CR) observations motivates reaching a comparable or better control of theoretical uncertainties. Here we focus on energy-loss processes affecting low-energy CR protons ($\sim 0.1-5$ GeV), where the experimental errors are small and collisional effects play a comparatively larger role with respect to collisionless transport ones. We study three aspects of the problem: i) We quantitatively assess the role of the nuclear elastic cross-section, for the first time, providing analytical formulae for the stopping power and inelasticity. ii) We discuss the error arising from treating both elastic and pion production inelastic interactions as continuous energy loss processes, as opposed to catastrophic ones. The former is the approximation used in virtually all modern numerical calculations. iii) We consider sub-leading effects such as relativistic corrections, radiative and medium processes in ionization energy-losses. Our analysis reveals that neglecting i) leads to errors close to 1%, notably around and below 1 GeV; neglecting ii) leads to errors reaching about 3% within the considered energy range; iii) contributes to a minor effect, gauged at the level of 0.1%. Consequently, while iii) can currently be neglected, ii) warrants consideration, and we also recommend incorporating i) into computations. We conclude with some perspectives on further steps to be taken towards a high-precision goal of theoretical CR predictions regarding the treatment of energy-losses.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2024)·1 citation
3. 03*

   Tripartite entanglement and Bell non-locality in loop-induced Higgs boson decays

   R. A. Morales🇦🇷

   In this article, we study quantum entanglement properties of the three-body $H\to \gamma l\bar{l}$ decays (for $l=e,\mu ,\tau$) within the context of the Standard Model augmented with CP-violating interactions in the lepton Yukawa sector. Our aim is to elucidate the distribution of entanglement between the final photon, lepton and antilepton across the phase-space. These rare Higgs boson decays occur at 1-loop level, presenting a unique opportunity to scrutinize quantum correlations of fundamental interactions in tripartite systems by computing concurrence measures and investigating Bell non-locality. Moreover, we explore post-decay and autodistillation phenomena. Multipartite entanglement measures have much richer structure than those in the bipartite case, thus deserve more attention in collider phenomenology. In this line, we analyze here novel observables for these three-body Higgs boson decays, which can be extended to other multiparticle systems within the high-energy regime. We found that entanglement manifests among final particles, occasionally achieving a maximally entangled state in specific kinematical configurations. Also, these decay channels are promising for Bell non-locality tests but CP-effects are suppressed by lepton masses in this kind of observables.

   hep-phquant-phEPJC(2024)·39 citations
4. 04*

   Exact and Leading Order Radiative Effects in Semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering

   Igor Akushevich🇺🇸 · Alexander Ilyichev🇧🇾 · Stanislav Srednyak🇺🇸

   Radiative effects in semi-inclusive hadron leptoproduction of unpolarized particles are calculated within the leading order approximation. The contributions of the infrared-free sum of the effects of real and virtual photon emission as well as the contribution of exclusive radiative tail are considered. It is demonstrated how the obtained formulae in the leading log approximation can be obtained using the standard approach of the leading log approximation as well as from the exact expressions for the radiative correction of the lowest order. The method of the electron structure function is used to calculate the higher order corrections. The results are analytically compared to the results obtained by other groups. Numeric illustrations are given in the kinematics of the modern experiments at Jefferson Laboratory.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·1 citation
5. 05*

   A Quantum Field Theory for the interaction of pions and rhos

   Preshin Moodley🇿🇦

   We extend the Kroll-Lee-Zumino model in its particle content to include the charged rho vector mesons and the neutral pion meson. This entailed using the larger SU(2) gauge group. The masses for the vector mesons were generated via spontaneous symmetry breaking using the Higgs mechanism. The Lagrangian was then quantized and gauge fixed using the generalized class of $R_{\xi }$ gauges. Tree scattering lengths were calculated for pion-pion scattering and the values for the $a_0^0$ and $a_0^2$ scattering lengths are found to be comparable with experiment. The one particle irreducible diagrams that contribute to the one loop corrections to the tree scattering lengths are renormalized.

   hep-ph0 citations
6. 06*

   Chiral Corrections to the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner Relation from QCD Sum Rules

   Preshin Moodley🇿🇦

   We calculate the next-to-leading order corrections to the $SU(2)\otimes SU(2)$ and $SU(3)\otimes SU(3)$ Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relations. We use a pseudoscalar correlator calculated from Perturbative QCD up to five loops and use the QCD Finite Energy Sum Rules with integration kernels tuned to suppress the importance of the hadronic resonances. This leads to a substantial reduction in the systematic uncertainties from the experimentally unknown resonance spectral function. We use the method of Fixed Order and Fixed Renormalization Scale Perturbation Theory to compute the integrals. We calculate these corrections to be ${\delta }_{\pi }=0.060\pm 0.014$ and ${\delta }_K=0.64\pm 0.24$. As a result of these new values, we predict the value of the light quark condensate $⟨0|\bar{q}q|0⟩=-{\left(266\pm 5\text{ MeV}\right)}^3$ and the Chiral Perturbation Theory low energy constant $H_2^r=-\left(4.9\pm 1.8\right)\times 10^{-3}$. Results from this work have been published as: J. Bordes, C.A. Dominguez, P. Moodley, J. Pe$\tilde{\text{n}}$arrocha and K. Schilcher, J. High Ener. Phys. 05 (2010) 064.

   hep-ph1 citation
7. 07*

   Local quench within the Keldysh technique

   A. A. Radovskaya🇷🇺 · A. G. Semenov🇷🇺

   The problem of quantum scalar field evolution after an instantaneous local perturbation (quench) is considered. A new approach to descriptions of a quench from an arbitrary initial state is developed in the framework of the Keldysh technique. This approach does not require the procedure of the analytical continuation, which can be ambiguous in some cases. The evolution of the energy density after local quench is calculated for a simple case, and its dependence on the interaction region width and the initial conditions is analysed.

   hep-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-thJETP Lett.(2023)·2 citations
8. 08*

   Summary of the CKM 2023 Working Group on $V_{ub}$, $V_{cb}$ and semileptonic/leptonic B decays including $\tau$

   William I. Jay🇺🇸 · Raynette van Tonder🇨🇦 · Ryoutaro Watanabe🇨🇳

   This work summarizes recent results, both theoretical and experimental, in $B$-meson leptonic and semileptonic decays and metrology of $V_{ub}$ and $V_{cb}$, which were presented at the CKM 2023 workshop. We place these results in context and discuss future prospects in the field.

   hep-phhep-ex1 citation
9. 09*

   Parity doublet model for baryon octets: ground states saturated by good diquarks and the role of bad diquarks for excited states

   Bikai Gao🇯🇵 · Toru Kojo🇯🇵 · Masayasu Harada🇯🇵

   Parity doublet model is an effective chiral model that includes the chiral variant and invariant masses of baryons. The chiral invariant mass has large impacts on the density dependence of models which can be constrained by neutron star observations. In the previous work, models of two-flavors have been considered up to a few times nuclear saturation density, but in such dense region it is also necessary to consider hyperons. With the chiral invariant masses baryons can stay massive in extreme environments (e.g., neutron stars) where the chiral symmetry restoration takes place. In this work, we generalize the previous $\text{mbox}{SU(2)}_L\times \text{mbox}{SU(2)}_R$ parity models of nucleons to $\text{mbox}{SU(3)}_L\times \text{mbox}{SU(3)}_R$ models of the baryon octet, within the linear realization of the chiral symmetry. The major problem in constructing such models has been too many candidates for the chiral representations of baryons. Motivated by the concepts of diquarks and the mended symmetry, we choose the $(3_L,{\bar{3}}_R)+({\bar{3}}_L,3_R)$, $(3_L,6_R)+(6_L,3_R)$ and $(1_L,8_R)+(8_L,1_R)$ representations and use quark diagrams to constrain the possible types of Yukawa interactions. The masses of the baryon octets for positive and negative baryons up to the first excitations are successfully reproduced. As expected from the diquark considerations, the ground state baryons are well dominated by $(3_L,{\bar{3}}_R)+({\bar{3}}_L,3_R)$ and $(1_L,8_R)+(8_L,1_R)$ representations, while the excited states require $(3_L,6_R)+(6_L,3_R)$ representations. Important applications of our model are the chiral restoration for strange quarks at large density and the continuity of diquarks from hadronic to quark matter. We also address the problem of large Yukawa couplings which are enhanced in three-flavor construction.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·17 citations
10. 10*

    A Deep Learning Framework for Disentangling Triangle Singularity and Pole-Based Enhancements

    Darwin Alexander O. Co🇵🇭 · Vince Angelo A. Chavez🇵🇭 · Denny Lane B. Sombillo🇵🇭

    Enhancements in the invariant mass distribution or scattering cross-section are usually associated with resonances. However, the nature of exotic signals found near hadron-hadron thresholds remain a puzzle today due to the presence of experimental uncertainties. In fact, a purely kinematical triangle diagram is also capable of producing similar structures, but do not correspond to any unstable quantum state. In this paper, we report for the first time, that a deep neural network can be trained to distinguish triangle singularity from pole-based enhancements with a reasonably high accuracy of discrimination between the two seemingly identical line shapes. We also identify the type of triangle enhancement that can be misidentified as a dynamic pole structure. We apply our method to confirm that the $P_{\psi }^N(4312{)}^{+}$ state is not due to a triangle singularity, but is more consistent with a pole-based interpretation, as determined solely through pure line-shape analysis. Lastly, we explain how our method can be used as a model-selection framework useful in studying other exotic hadron candidates.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·15 citations
11. 11*

    Identifying the transverse and longitudinal modes of the $K^{\ast }$ and $K_1$ mesons through their angular dependent decay modes

    In Woo Park🇰🇷 · Hiroyuki Sako🇯🇵 · Kazuya Aoki🇯🇵 · Philipp Gubler🇯🇵 · Su Houng Lee🇰🇷

    Observing the mass shifts of chiral partners will provide invaluable insight into the role of chiral symmetry breaking in the generation of hadron masses. Because both the $K^{\ast }$ and $K_1$ mesons have vacuum widths smaller than 100 MeV, they are ideal candidates for realizing mass shift measurements. On the other hand, the different momentum dependence of the longitudinal and transverse modes smear the peak positions. In this work, we analyze the angular dependence of the two-body decays of both the $K^{\ast }$ and $K_1$. It is found that the longitudinal and transverse modes of the $K^{\ast }$ can be isolated by observing the pseudoscalar decay in either the forward or perpendicular directions, respectively. For the $K_1$ decaying into a vector meson and a pseudoscalar meson, one can accomplish the same goal by further observing the polarization of the vector meson through its angular dependence on the two pseudoscalar meson decay.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
12. 12*

    Role of hidden-color components in the tetraquark mixing model

    Hungchong Kim🇰🇷 · K.S.Kim🇰🇷

    Multiquarks can have two-hadron components and hidden-color components in their wave functions. The presence of two-hadron components in multiquarks introduces a potential source of confusion, particularly with respect to their resemblance to hadronic molecules. On the other hand, hidden-color components are essential for distinguishing between multiquarks and hadronic molecules. In this work, we study the hidden-color components in the wave functions of the tetraquark mixing model, a model that has been proposed as a suitable framework for describing the properties of two nonets in the $J^P=0^{+}$ channel: the light nonet [$a_0(980)$, $K_0^{\ast }(700)$, $f_0(500)$, $f_0(980)$] and the heavy nonet [$a_0(1450)$, $K_0^{\ast }(1430)$, $f_0(1370)$, $f_0(1500)$]. Our analysis reveals a substantial presence of hidden-color components within the tetraquark wave functions. To elucidate the impact of hidden-color components on physical quantities, we conduct computations of the hyperfine masses, $⟨V_{CS}⟩$, for the two nonets, considering scenarios involving only the two-meson components and those incorporating the hidden-color components. We demonstrate that the hidden-color components constitute an important part of the hyperfine masses, such that the mass difference formula, $\Delta M\approx \Delta ⟨V_{CS}⟩$, which has been successful for the two nonets, cannot be achieved without the hidden-color contributions. This can provide another evidence supporting the tetraquark nature of the two nonets.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thEPJC(2024)·5 citations
13. 13*

    A Novel Proton Decay Signature at DUNE, JUNO, and Hyper-K

    Florian Domingo🇩🇪 · Herbi K. Dreiner🇩🇪 · Dominik Köhler🇩🇪 · Saurabh Nangia🇩🇪 · Apoorva Shah🇩🇪

    Proton decay, although unobserved so far, is a natural expectation when attempting to explain the baryon asymmetry of the universe. $p\to K^{+}\bar{\nu }$ or $p\to K^{+}{\tilde{\chi }}_1^0$, with ${\tilde{\chi }}_1^0$ a light exotic neutral particle, represent possible decay channels achievable in models of physics beyond the Standard Model, such as the MSSM with trilinear R-parity-violating terms, or the Standard Model extended by a heavy neutral lepton. Among the decay products of these modes, the neutral fermions would typically appear as missing energy in collider searches. The present study considers how such decay modes could be differentiated in experimental settings, as the exotic ${\tilde{\chi }}_1^0$ may further decay if it is not protected by a symmetry (such as R-parity in the MSSM). We assess the detection prospects of the proposed experiments DUNE, JUNO and Hyper-K in this context.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·16 citations
14. 14*

    One flow to correct them all: improving simulations in high-energy physics with a single normalising flow and a switch

    Caio Cesar Daumann🇩🇪 · Mauro Donega🇨🇭 · Johannes Erdmann🇩🇪 · Massimiliano Galli🇨🇭 · Jan Lukas Späh🇩🇪 · Davide Valsecchi🇨🇭

    Simulated events are key ingredients in almost all high-energy physics analyses. However, imperfections in the simulation can lead to sizeable differences between the observed data and simulated events. The effects of such mismodelling on relevant observables must be corrected either effectively via scale factors, with weights or by modifying the distributions of the observables and their correlations. We introduce a correction method that transforms one multidimensional distribution (simulation) into another one (data) using a simple architecture based on a single normalising flow with a boolean condition. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on a physics-inspired toy dataset with non-trivial mismodelling of several observables and their correlations.

    hep-phcs.LGhep-exphysics.data-anComput.Softw.Big Sci.(2024)·14 citations
15. 15*

    Purely flavored leptogenesis from a sudden mass gain of right-handed neutrinos

    Zhen-hua Zhao🇨🇳 · Jing Zhang🇨🇳 · Xiang-Yi Wu🇨🇳

    In this paper, we would like to point out that in the scenario that the right-handed neutrinos suddenly gain some masses much larger than the temperature of the Universe at that time so that the washout effects for the lepton asymmetry generated from their decays can be neglected safely, the purely flavored leptogenesis scenario (in which the total CP asymmetries for the decays of the right-handed neutrinos are vanishing and the successful leptogenesis is realized by virtue of the flavor non-universality of the washout effects) cannot work in the usual way any more. For this problem, we put forward that the flavor non-universality of the conversion efficiencies from the flavored lepton asymmetries to the baryon asymmetry via the sphaleron processes may play a crucial role. And we will study if the requisite baryon asymmetry can be successfully reproduced from such a mechanism in the scenarios that the right-handed neutrino masses are hierarchical and nearly degenerate, respectively. A detailed study shows that this mechanism can be viable in both these two scenarios.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·4 citations
16. 16*

    The effect of cutoff dependence on heavy quark spin symmetry partners

    Duygu Yıldırım🇹🇷

    Hadron spectroscopy is revealed by observing heavy resonances. Among various explanations of the internal structure of these hadronic states, hadronic molecules play a unique role. For hadronic molecules, which are associated with meson-meson or meson-baryon interactions, the $\Lambda$ cutoff is a significant factor in determining the composite states' binding energies and overall properties. The cutoff becomes important when it comes to the location of hadronic molecules' masses because it influences the predictions. From this perspective, in the light of cutoff dependency, heavy quark spin partners of near-threshold the ${\chi }_{c0}(3915)$, ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$, $P_c(4440)$, and $P_c(4457)$ resonances, which are considered as hadronic molecules, are examined.

    hep-phnucl-thMod.Phys.Lett.A(2024)·0 citations
17. 17*

    Revisit the heavy quarkonium double-gluon hybrid mesons with exotic quantum numbers

    Ding-Kun Lian🇨🇳 · Qi-Nan Wang🇨🇳 · Xu-Liang Chen🇨🇳 · Peng-Fei Yang🇨🇳 · Wei Chen🇨🇳 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳

    We revisit the masses of heavy quarkonium double-gluon hybrid mesons with exotic quantum numbers $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ and $2^{+-}$ in the framework of the QCD sum rules. Considering the double-gluon hybrid meson operators in the octet-octet color structure, we have constructed two independent interpolating currents with $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ and five independent currents with $J^{PC}=2^{+-}$. For the interpolating currents with antisymmetric glueball operator, there exist non-local divergences in one kind of additional Feynman diagrams of the tri-gluon condensate, which will give important contributions to the sum rule stabilities and mass predictions. We use the diagrammatic renormalization to cancel out such divergences. At the leading order of ${\alpha }_s$, the two-point correlation functions and spectral densities can be expressed in the analytic form of the generalized hypergeometric functions and Meijer's G-functions. After performing the numerical analysis, we predict the masses of the $1^{-+}$ and $2^{+-}$ charmonium double-gluon hybrid mesons to be around $6.1-7.2$ GeV and $6.3-6.4$ GeV, respectively. For the bottomonium systems, their masses are predicted to be $13.7-14.3$ GeV and $12.6-13.3$ GeV for the $1^{-+}$ and $2^{+-}$ channels, respectively. Besides, it is possible to hunt for these charmonium hybrids in the radiative decays of bottomonium mesons in BelleII experiment. Further investigations on these hybrid states in various theoretical and phenomenological methods are also anticipated in the future.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·4 citations
18. 18*

    Bridging hadronic and vacuum structure by heavy quarkonia

    Nicholas Miesch🇺🇸 · Edward Shuryak🇺🇸 · Ismail Zahed🇺🇸

    We discuss the central and, mostly, spin-dependent potentials in heavy quarkonia $\bar{b}b,\bar{c}c$, with two goals in mind. The first is phenomenological: using the splitting between the 1S and 2S pairs, as well as the 1P and 2P quartet masses, we obtain very accurate values of all matrix elements of the spin-depepdent potentials. The second is theoretical: using standard wave functions, we compute these matrix elements, from perturbative, nonperturbative and ``string" contributions. The model for nonperturbative effects is a ``dense instanton liquid model", in which the QCD vacuum is made of (strongly color correlated) instanton-antiinstanton pairs or "molecules". We calcuate their effect via standard Wilson lines, with or without extra powers of gauge fields. We find that this model provides a reasonable description of all central, spin-spin and spin-orbit forces at distances $r=0-0.7fm$, relevant for $\bar{b}b$ and $\bar{c}c$ quarkonia.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
19. 19*

    Identifying CP Basis Invariants in SMEFT

    Neda Darvishi🇬🇧 · Yining Wang🇨🇳 · Jiang-Hao Yu🇨🇳

    Building on our automated framework that uses ring diagrams for classifying CP basis invariants [Phys. Rev. D 108, 115030 (2023)], this paper broadens the application of the methodology with more extensive examples and a wider scope of theoretical frameworks. Here, we showcase its versatility through detailed analyses of specific operators in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT), such as a four-fermion operator at dimension-6 and a Yukawa operator extended up to dimension-2n terms while maintaining a dimension-6 core, as well as in SMEFT with sterile neutrinos up to dimension-7. By integrating the ring-diagram technique with the Cayley-Hamilton theorem, we have developed a system that not only simplifies the process of identifying basic and joint invariants but also enables the automatic differentiation between CP-even and CP-odd invariants from the lowest orders. Additionally, this work presents a comparison of our results with those derived using the traditional Hilbert-Poincaré series and its Plethystic logarithm. While these conventional approaches primarily yield the numerical count of invariants, our framework provides a complete structure of invariants, thereby surpassing the limitations of these traditional methods.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·5 citations
20. 20*

    Perturbative $T$-odd asymmetries in the Drell-Yan process revisited

    Valery E. Lyubovitskij🇩🇪 · Werner Vogelsang🇩🇪 · Fabian Wunder🇩🇪 · Alexey S. Zhevlakov🇷🇺

    We calculate the perturbative $T$-odd contributions to the lepton angular distribution in the Drell-Yan process. Using collinear factorization, we work at the first order in QCD perturbation theory where these contributions appear, $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^2)$, and address both $W^{\pm }$ and $\gamma /Z^0$ boson exchange. A major focus of our calculation is on the regime where the boson's transverse momentum $Q_T$ is much smaller than its mass $Q$. We carefully expand our results up to next-to-next-to-leading power in $Q_T/Q$. Our calculation provides a benchmark for studies of $T$-odd contributions that employ transverse-momentum dependent parton distribution functions. In the neutral-current case we compare our results for the $T$-odd structure functions to available ATLAS data.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
21. 21*

    Prospects for PIONEER

    Martin Hoferichter🇨🇭

    Pion $\beta$ decay, ${\pi }^{+}\to {\pi }^0{e}^{+}{\nu }_e$, offers a pristine way to measure the CKM matrix element $V_{ud}$ in a purely mesonic system, with excellent control over the hadronic matrix elements. We review the physics goals and current status of the PIONEER experiment, which aims at major improvements in the branching fractions for the ${\pi }^{+}\to e^{+}{\nu }_e$ decay in Phase I and for pion $\beta$ decay in Phases II and III of its experimental program, potentially leading to a measurement of $V_{ud}$ competitive with determinations from $\beta$ decays involving nucleons.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-th2 citations
22. 22*

    Feedback in the dark: a critical examination of CMB bounds on primordial black holes

    Dominic Agius🇪🇸 · Rouven Essig🇺🇸 · Daniele Gaggero🇮🇹 · Francesca Scarcella🇫🇷 · Gregory Suczewski🇺🇸 · Mauro Valli🇮🇹

    If present in the early universe, primordial black holes (PBHs) will accrete matter and emit high-energy photons, altering the statistical properties of the {Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)}. This mechanism has been used to constrain the fraction of dark matter that is in the form of PBHs to be much smaller than unity for PBH masses well above one solar mass. Moreover, the presence of dense dark matter mini-halos around the PBHs has been used to set even more stringent constraints, as these would boost the accretion rates. In this work, we critically revisit CMB constraints on PBHs taking into account the role of the local ionization of the gas around them. We discuss how the local increase in temperature around PBHs can prevent the dark matter mini-halos from strongly enhancing the accretion process, in some cases significantly weakening previously derived CMB constraints. We explore in detail the key ingredients of the CMB bound and derive a conservative limit on the cosmological abundance of massive PBHs.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEJCAP(2024)·48 citations
23. 23*

    Rindler Fluids from Gravitational Shockwaves

    Sang-Eon Bak🇺🇸 · Cynthia Keeler🇺🇸 · Yiwen Zhang🇺🇸 · Kathryn M. Zurek🇺🇸

    We study a correspondence between gravitational shockwave geometry and its fluid description near a Rindler horizon in Minkowski spacetime. Utilizing the Petrov classification that describes algebraic symmetries for Lorentzian spaces, we establish an explicit mapping between a potential fluid and the shockwave metric perturbation, where the Einstein equation for the shockwave geometry is equivalent to the incompressibility condition of the fluid, augmented by a shockwave source. Then we consider an Ansatz of a stochastic quantum source for the potential fluid, which has the physical interpretation of shockwaves created by vacuum energy fluctuations. Under such circumstance, the Einstein equation, or equivalently, the incompressibility condition for the fluid, becomes a stochastic differential equation. By smearing the quantum source on a stretched horizon in a Lorentz invariant manner with a Planckian width (similarly to the membrane paradigm), we integrate fluctuations near the Rindler horizon to find an accumulated effect of the variance in the round-trip time of a photon traversing the horizon of a causal diamond.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2024)·9 citations
24. 24*

    Integrated Unitarity for Scattering Amplitudes

    Piotr Bargiela🇨🇭

    We present a new method for computing multi-loop scattering amplitudes in Quantum Field Theory. It extends the Generalized Unitarity method by constraining not only the integrand of the amplitude but also its full integrated form. Our approach exploits the relation between cuts and discontinuities of the amplitude. Explicitly, by the virtue of analyticity and unitarity of the S-matrix, the amplitude can be expressed in terms of lower-loop on-shell amplitudes dispersively integrated along cuts. As both cuts and discontinuities can be computed systematically in dimensional regularization, we validated our method by reproducing the four-gluon amplitude in two-loop massless Quantum Chromodynamics. Moreover, since our approach improves the performance of the calculation, we provide a new result for the four-loop four-point massless planar ladder Feynman integral. It is expressed in terms of Harmonic Polylogarithms with letters 0 and 1.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·3 citations
25. 25*

    Velocity Distribution of Dark Matter Spike around Schwarzschild Black Holes and Effects on Gravitational Waves from EMRIs

    Zi-Chang Zhang🇨🇳 · Yong Tang🇨🇳

    Dark matter (DM) constitutes the predominant portion of matter in our universe. Despite compelling evidence, the precise characteristics of DM remain elusive. Among the leading DM candidates are weakly-interacting massive particles, which may clump into steep concentrations around the central black holes of galaxies. However, DM profiles of the resulting dense spikes remain uncertain. Here we employ the relativistic dynamics in Schwarzschild geometry and first evaluate the velocity distributions of DM within such spikes. Through variations in black hole masses and dark halo parameters, we identify universal features in DM profiles and fit them with Gaussian distributions. Additionally, we illustrate with the impact of dynamical friction on gravitational waves generated by extreme-mass-ratio inspirals (EMRIs) within DM spikes, taking into account the velocity distribution of DM in the relativistic regime. Our findings demonstrate the phase shifts in the time-domain waveform, potentially providing useful insights for probing DM in galactic centers by gravitational-wave experiments.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·22 citations
26. 26*

    The SZ effect with anisotropic distributions and high energy electrons

    Elizabeth Lee · Jens Chluba🇬🇧

    Future observations of the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect promise ever improving measurements in terms of both sensitivity and angular resolution. As such, it is increasingly relevant to model `higher-order' contributions to the SZ effect. This work examines the effects of high-energy non-thermal electron distributions and those of anisotropic electron and photon distributions on the SZ signals. Analytic forms of the anisotropic scattering kernels for photons and electrons have been derived and investigated. We present a method for determining the anisotropic contributions through a spherical harmonic decomposition to arbitrary angular multipoles, and discuss the behaviour of these scattering kernels. We then carry out an exploration of various simplistic models of high energy non-thermal electron distributions, and examine their anisotropic behaviour. The kinematic SZ in the relativistic regime is studied using the kernel formulation allowing us to clarifying the role of kinematic corrections to the scattering optical depth. We finally present a release of an updated and refined version of SZpack including a new integrated Python interface and new modules for the calculation of various SZ signals, including those described in this paper.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2024)·8 citations
27. 27*

    Thin accretion disk and shadow of Kerr-Sen black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-axion gravity

    Haiyuan Feng🇨🇳 · Rong-Jia Yang🇨🇳 · Wei-Qiang Chen🇨🇳

    We investigate the thin disk and shadow of Kerr-Sen black hole in Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-axion gravity. The results reveal that as the dilaton parameter $r_2$ increase, the energy flux, the radiation temperature, the spectra luminosity, and the radiative efficiency of the disk all increase. By narrowing down the dilaton parameter range to $0⩽\frac{r_2}{M}⩽0.4$, we discover that in the high-frequency region, the Kerr-Sen black hole demonstrates higher energy output compared to the Kerr black hole. We also investigated the shadow of Kerr-Sen black hole in a uniform plasma environment. For fixed inclination angle, dilaton, and spin parameters, the shadow increases as the homogeneous plasma parameter $k$ increases. Conversely, when $k$ and $a$ are fixed, an increase in $r_2$ leads to a decrease in the shadow. Finally, we constrain the model parameters with observational data from M87* and Sgr A*.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phAstropart.Phys.(2025)·32 citations
28. 28*

    Cavity Detection of Gravitational Waves: Where Do We Stand?

    Claudio Gatti🇮🇹 · Luca Visinelli🇨🇳 · Michael Zantedeschi🇨🇳

    High frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) are predicted in various exotic scenarios involving both cosmological and astrophysical sources. These elusive signals have recently sparked the interest of a diverse community of researchers, due to the possibility of HFGW detection in the laboratory through graviton-photon conversion in strong magnetic fields. Notable examples include the redesign of the resonant cavities currently under development to detect the cosmic axion. In this work, we derive the sensitivities of some existing and planned resonant cavities to detect a HFGW background. As a concrete scenario, we consider the collective signals that originate from the merging of compact objects, such as two primordial black holes (PBHs) in the asteroid mass window. Our findings improve over existing work by explicitly discussing and quantifying the loss in the experimental reach due to the actual coherence of the source. We elucidate on the approach we adopt in relation with recent literature on the topic. Most notably, we give a recipe for the estimate of the stochastic background that focuses on the presence of the signal in the cavity at all times and showing that, in the relevant PBH mass region, the signal is dominated by coherent binary mergers.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-ex+1PRD(2024)·44 citations
29. 29*

    Lattice study of disordering of inhomogeneous condensates and the Quantum Pion Liquid in effective $O(N)$ model

    Marc Winstel🇩🇪 · Semeon Valgushev🇺🇸

    In this talk, we study a scalar $O(N)$ model with a so-called moat regime -- a regime with negative bosonic wave function renormalization -- using lattice field theory. For negative bare wave function renormalization, inhomogeneous condensates are solutions of the classical equations of motions. Using hybrid Monte Carlo simulations we demonstrate how bosonic quantum fluctuations disorder the inhomogeneous condensate. Instead, one finds a so-called Quantum Pion Liquid, where bosonic correlation functions are spatially oscillating, but also exponentially decaying.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2024)·9 citations
30. 30*

    Late-forming black holes and the antiproton, gamma-ray, and anti-helium excesses

    Mrunal Korwar🇺🇸 · Stefano Profumo🇺🇸

    Black holes long-lived enough to be the dark matter have temperatures below the MeV. Since Hawking evaporation is a quasi-thermal process, no GeV emission is predicted to be produced by black holes if they are part, or all, of the cosmological dark matter. However, black holes could be ``spawned'' at late times with masses that correspond to short lifetimes, and as such be significantly hotter and produce particles well in excess of the GeV. Here we investigate if such late-forming black holes could, at once, explain the tantalizing excesses found in the gamma radiation from the Galactic center, in the flux of cosmic-ray antiproton, and in the few tentative antihelium events reported by the anti-matter spectrometer AMS-02. We find that late-forming black holes cannot simultaneously explain all these excesses. We additionally compute accurate predictions for the anti-deuteron, high-energy neutrino, and positron fluxes if this scenario is realized in nature. We find that while the neutrino and positron fluxes are too small compared to the expected background, a significant number of anti-deuteron events is expected both at AMS-02 and at the future General AntiParticle Spectrometer (GAPS).

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·10 citations
31. 31*

    $p\bar{\Lambda }$ final-state interaction in the reactions $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to K^{-}p\bar{\Lambda }$ and $J/\psi \to K^{-}p\bar{\Lambda }$

    J. Haidenbauer🇩🇪 · U.-G. Meißner🇩🇪

    Near-threshold $p\bar{\Lambda }$ mass spectra for the reactions $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to K^{-}p\bar{\Lambda }$ and $J/\psi \to K^{-}p\bar{\Lambda }$ are investigated with an emphasis on the role played by the interaction in the $p\bar{\Lambda }$ system. As guideline for the $p\bar{\Lambda }$ interaction a variety of $\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ potential models is considered that have been established in the analysis of data on $p\bar{p}\to \Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ in the past. Arguments why the properties of the $p\bar{\Lambda }$ and $\Lambda \bar{\Lambda }$ interactions can be expected to be very similar are provided. It is shown that the near-threshold enhancement in the invariant mass observed for the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ reaction can be reproduced quantitatively by the assumed $p\bar{\Lambda }$ final-state interaction in the partial wave suggested by an amplitude analysis of the experiment. The effect of the $p\bar{\Lambda }$ final-state interaction in other decays is explored, including the recently measured reactions $B^{-}\to J/\psi \bar{p}\Lambda$ and $B^{+}\to J/\psi p\bar{\Lambda }$. It is found that the final-state interaction improves the description of the measured invariant mass near threshold in most cases.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phEPJA(2024)·8 citations
32. 32*

    Effects of Dark Matter on $f$-mode oscillations of Neutron Stars

    Swarnim Shirke🇮🇳 · Bikram Keshari Pradhan🇮🇳 · Debarati Chatterjee🇮🇳 · Laura Sagunski🇩🇪 · Jürgen Schaffner-Bielich🇩🇪

    The effect of dark matter (DM) on $f$-mode oscillations in DM admixed neutron stars (NSs) is investigated in a comprehensive analysis with particular attention to the role of the nuclear equation of state. Hadronic matter is modeled by the relativistic mean field model and the DM model is based on the neutron decay anomaly. The non-radial $f$-mode oscillations for such DM admixed NS are studied in a full general relativistic framework. We investigate the impact of DM, DM self-interaction, and DM fraction on the $f$-mode characteristics. We derive relations encoding the effect of DM on $f$-mode parameters. We then perform a systematic study by varying all the model parameters within their known uncertainty range and obtain a universal relation for the DM fraction based on the total mass of the star and DM self-interaction strength. We also perform a correlation study among model parameters, NS observables, in particular, $f$-mode parameters. Finally, we check the $f$-mode universal relations (URs) for the case of DM admixed NSs and demonstrate the existence of a degeneracy between purely hadronic NSs and DM admixed NSs.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·37 citations
33. 33*

    Exact evaluation of large-charge correlation functions in non-relativistic conformal field theory

    Silas R. Beane🇨🇭 · Domenico Orlando🇨🇭 · Susanne Reffert🇨🇭

    The large-charge master field which generates all n-point correlation functions with an insertion of large charge Q in non-relativistic conformal field theory is obtained. This field is used to compute Schrödinger-invariant n-point correlation functions of large-charge operators via a direct evaluation of the path integral. Conformal dimensions are found to agree with calculations based on the state-operator correspondence. The master field solution exhibits an emergent harmonic trap whose frequency is a function of the Euclidean time. The large-charge effective action with operator insertions describes a droplet of superfluid matter whose spatial size scales with the time separation of sources. The solution is used to compute Schrödinger symmetry breaking corrections in the large-charge effective field theory (EFT) due to a finite scattering length in the fundamental theory of fermions near unitarity. The scaling of these effects in the large-charge power counting scheme is established, and the size of the effects is quantified using input from quantum Monte Carlo simulations of the near-unitary gas, as well as from the large-N expansion at large charge.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.quant-gashep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·5 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.