Tue·Mar 26, 2024Tuesday·March 26, 2024

1. 01*

   Exotic tetraquarks at the HL-LHC with JETHAD: A high-energy viewpoint

   Francesco Giovanni Celiberto🇪🇸

   We review the semi-inclusive hadroproduction of a neutral hidden-flavor tetraquark with light and heavy quark flavor at the HL-LHC, accompanied by another heavy hadron or a light-flavored jet. We make use of the novel TQHL1.0 determinations of leading-twist fragmentation functions to describe the formation mechanism of a tetraquark state within the next-to-leading order perturbative QCD. This framework builds on the basis of a spin-physics inspired model, taken as a proxy for the lowest-scale input of the constituent heavy-quark fragmentation channel. Then, all parton-to-tetraquark fragmentation functions are consistently obtained via the above-threshold DGLAP evolution in a variable-flavor number scheme. We provide predictions for a series of differential distributions calculated by the hands of the JETHAD method well-adapted to NLL/NLO+ hybrid-factorization studies, where the resummation of next-to-leading energy logarithms and beyond is included in the collinear picture. We provide corroborating evidence that high-energy observables sensitive to semi-inclusive tetraquark emissions at the HL-LHC exhibit a fair stability under radiative corrections as well as MHOU studies. Our analysis constitutes a prime contact point between QCD resummations and the exotic matter.

   hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1Symmetry(2024)·29 citations
2. 02*

   Axion-like Interactions and CFT in Topological Matter, Anomaly Sum Rules and the Faraday Effect

   Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Mario Cretì🇮🇹 · Stefano Lionetti🇮🇹 · Dario Melle🇮🇹 · Riccardo Tommasi🇮🇹

   We discuss fundamental aspects of chiral anomaly-driven interactions in conformal field theory (CFT) in four spacetime dimensions. They find application in very general contexts, from early universe plasma to topological condensed matter. We outline the key shared characteristics of these interactions, specifically addressing the case of chiral anomalies, both for vector currents and gravitons. In the case of topological materials, the gravitational chiral anomaly is generated by thermal gradients via the (Tolman-Ehrenfest) Luttinger relation. In the CFT framework, a nonlocal effective action, derived through perturbation theory, indicates that the interaction is mediated by an excitation in the form of an anomaly pole, which appears in the conformal limit of the vertex. To illustrate this, we demonstrate how conformal Ward identities (CWIs) in momentum space allow us to reconstruct the entire chiral anomaly interaction in its longitudinal and transverse sectors just by inclusion of a pole in the longitudinal sector. Both sectors are coupled in amplitudes with an intermediate chiral fermion or a bilinear Chern-Simons current with intermediate photons. In the presence of fermion mass corrections, the pole transforms into a cut, but the absorption amplitude in the axial-vector channel satisfies mass-independent sum rules related to the anomaly in any chiral interaction. The detection of an axion-like/quasiparticle in these materials may rely on a combined investigation of these sum rules, along with the measurement of the angle of rotation of the plane of polarization of incident light when subjected to a chiral perturbation. This phenomenon serves as an analogue of a similar one in ordinary axion physics, in the presence of an axion-like condensate, that we rederive using axion electrodynamics.

   hep-phcond-mat.mes-hallAdv.Phys.Res.(2025)·9 citations
3. 03*

   The Waning of the WIMP: Endgame?

   Giorgio Arcadi🇮🇹 · David Cabo-Almeida🇮🇹 · Maíra Dutra🇺🇸 · Pradipta Ghosh🇮🇳 · Manfred Lindner🇩🇪 · Yann Mambrini🇫🇷 · Jacinto P. Neto🇧🇷 · Mathias Pierre🇩🇪 · Stefano Profumo🇺🇸 · Farinaldo S. Queiroz🇧🇷

   Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) continue to be considered some of the best-motivated Dark Matter (DM) candidates. No conclusive signal, despite an extensive search program that combines, often in a complementary way, direct, indirect, and collider probes, has been however detected so far. This situation might change in the near future with the advent of even larger, multi-ton Direct Detection experiments. We provide here an updated review of the WIMP paradigm, with a focus on selected models that can be probed with upcoming facilities, all relying on the standard freeze-out paradigm for the relic density. We also discuss Collider and Indirect Searches when they provide complementary experimental information.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·161 citations
4. 04*

   Precise calculations for decays of Higgs bosons in extended Higgs sectors

   Kodai Sakurai🇯🇵

   We briefly introduce H-COUP_3.0, which we developed for evaluating higher-order corrections to any Higgs boson decays in various extended Higgs sectors. Focusing on two Higgs doublet models (2HDMs), we then discuss how the non-decoupling effects of the additional Higgs bosons are significant in Higgs boson decays.

   hep-ph0 citations
5. 05*

   General One-loop Generating Function by IBP relations

   Bo Feng🇨🇳 · Chang Hu🇨🇳 · Jiyuan Shen🇨🇳 · Yaobo Zhang🇨🇳

   In this paper we have studied the most general generating function of reduction for one loop integrals with arbitrary tensor structure in numerator and arbitrary power distribution of propagators in denominator. Using IBP relations, we have established the partial differential equations for these generating functions and solved them analytically. These results provide useful guidance for applying generating function method to reductions of higher loop integrals.

   hep-phPRD(2025)·13 citations
6. 06*

   Nonstandard interactions of neutrinos with dense matter

   Parada T. P. Hutauruk🇰🇷

   Nonstandard interaction is expected to be a crucial hint in explaining the experimental data on neutrino scattering off electrons. In this context, the nonstandard interaction vector and axial-vector couplings are needed to be extracted from recent experiments and a few of them are now available in the literature. With these coupling bounds, in this paper, I explore their impacts on the neutrinos interacting with the free electron gas in dense matter. To this end, I compute and predict the neutrino differential cross section and mean free path in dense matter for those existing experimental bounds. Interesting behavior in the neutrino cross sections and mean free path is found for the different nonstandard interaction couplings from different experiment constraints. I also found that the neutrino cross-section and mean free path in the dense matter are very sensitive to values and signs of the nonstandard interaction couplings, leading to different prediction results to the Standard Model cross-section and mean free path as well as their totals, which is given by a sum of the Standard Model and nonstandard interaction.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRhep-ex+10 citations
7. 07*

   Axion production in the $\eta \to \pi \pi a$ decay within $SU(3)$ chiral perturbation theory

   Jin-Bao Wang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Hui Guo🇨🇳 · Zhun Lu🇨🇳 · Hai-Qing Zhou🇨🇳

   We study the axion and axion-like particle production from the $\eta \to \pi \pi a$ decay within the $SU(3)$ chiral perturbation theory up to the one-loop level. The conventional $SU(3)$ chiral low energy constants are found to be able to reabsorb all the divergences from the chiral loops in the $\eta \to \pi \pi a$ decay amplitude, and hence render the amplitude independent of the renormalization scale. The unitarized $\eta \to \pi \pi a$ decay amplitudes are constructed to take into account the $\pi \pi$ final-state interactions and also properly reproduce the perturbative results from the chiral perturbation theory. Detailed analyses between the perturbative amplitudes and the unitarized ones are given in the phenomenological discussions. By taking the values of the chiral low energy constants in literature, we predict the Dalitz distributions, the spectra of the $\pi \pi$ and $a\pi$ systems, and also the branching ratios of the $\eta \to \pi \pi a$ process by varying $m_a$ from 0 to $m_{\eta }-2m_{\pi }$.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·12 citations
8. 08*

   QGSJET-III model of high energy hadronic interactions: II. Particle production and extensive air shower characteristics

   Sergey Ostapchenko🇩🇪

   The hadronization procedure of the QGSJET-III Monte Carlo (MC) generator of high energy hadronic interactions is discussed. Selected results of the model, regarding production spectra of secondary particles, are presented in comparison to experimental data and to the corresponding predictions of the QGSJET-II-04 MC generator. The model is applied to calculations of basic characteristics of extensive air showers initiated by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere and the results are compared to predictions of other MC generators of cosmic ray interactions.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·39 citations
9. 09*

   The strong coupling in the nonperturbative and near-perturbative regimes

   Guy F. de Teramond🇨🇷 · Arpon Paul🇺🇸 · Stanley J. Brodsky🇺🇸 · Alexandre Deur🇺🇸 · Hans Gunter Dosch🇩🇪 · Tianbo Liu🇨🇳 · Raza Sabbir Sufian🇺🇸

   We use analytic continuation to extend the gauge/gravity duality nonperturbative description of the strong force coupling into the transition, near-perturbative, regime where perturbative effects become important. By excluding the unphysical region in coupling space from the flow of singularities in the complex plane, we derive a specific relation between the scales relevant at large and short distances; this relation is uniquely fixed by requiring maximal analyticity. The unified effective coupling model gives an accurate description of the data in the nonperturbative and the near-perturbative regions.

   hep-phhep-thPRL(2024)·20 citations
10. 10*

    Unveiling the underlying structure of axial-vector bottom-charm tetraquarks in the light of their magnetic moments

    U. Özdem🇹🇷

    The magnetic moment yields an excellent framework to explore the inner structure of particles determined by the quark-gluon dynamics of QCD, as it is the leading-order response of a bound system to a weak external magnetic field. Motivated by this, in this study, the magnetic moments of possible axial-vector $T_{bc\bar{u}\bar{u}}$, $T_{bc\bar{d}\bar{d}}$, and $T_{bc\bar{u}\bar{d}}$ tetraquarks are obtained with the help of light-cone QCD sum rules. For this purpose, we assume that these states are represented as a diquark-antidiquark picture with different structures and interpolating currents. The magnetic moment results derived using different diquark-antidiquark configurations differ substantially from each other. This can be translated into more than one tetraquark state with the same quantum number and quark content yet possessing different magnetic moments. From the numerical results obtained, we have concluded that the magnetic moments of the $T_{bc}$ states can project their inner structure, which can be used for their quantum numbers and quark-gluon organization. The contribution of individual quarks to the magnetic moments is also analyzed for completeness. We hope that our predictions of the magnetic moments of the $T_{bc}$ tetraquarks, together with the results of other theoretical investigations of the spectroscopic parameters and decay widths of these interesting tetraquarks, may be valuable in the search for these states in future experiments and in unraveling the internal structure of these tetraquarks.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exJHEP(2024)·14 citations
11. 11*

    Standard and Non-Standard Aspects of Neutrino Physics

    Alessandro Granelli🇮🇹

    This review provides a succinct overview of the basic aspects of neutrino physics. The topics covered include: neutrinos in the standard model and the three-neutrino mixing scheme; the current status of neutrino oscillation measurements and what remains to be determined; the seesaw mechanisms for neutrino mass generation and the associated phenomenology, including the leptogenesis mechanism to explain the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe; models for the origin of the pattern of neutrino mixing and lepton masses based on discrete flavour symmetries and modular invariance.

    hep-phUniverse(2024)·1 citation
12. 12*

    Next-to-leading power corrections to spherocity distribution at NLO in QCD

    Shubham Mishra🇮🇳

    This study explores the leading contributions at the next-to-leading order for the event shape variable, spherocity. Our investigation is presented through a combination of analytical derivations and graphical representations. Additionally, we delve into the intriguing behavior of the spherocity distribution, mainly as it arises from different regions of the allowed phase space.

    hep-phhep-th1 citation
13. 13*

    Effects of tensor spin polarization on the chiral restoration and deconfinement phase transitions

    Yan-Ru Bao🇨🇳 · Sheng-Qin Feng🇨🇳

    Effects of tensor spin polarization (TSP) on the chiral restoration and deconfinement phase transitions are studied in Polyakov loop extended Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (PNJL) model. For chiral phase transition, the higher the polarized degree of quark-antiquark pairs under the strong magnetic field, the higher the phase transition temperature. The TSP corrects the position of the critical end point. The small impact of TSP on the phase transition temperature is found for the deconfinement phase transition. On the other hand, we divide the phase space into three ranges based on the phase diagram obtained from the PNJL model: the confinement phase with chiral symmetry broken, the deconfinement phase with restored chiral symmetry, and the confinement phase with restored chiral symmetry (quarkyonic phase). It is found that TSP has only a very small effect on the anisotropic pressure in the deconfined phase with chiral symmetry restored and the quarkyonic phase, but it has a very strong effect on the anisotropic pressure in the confined phase with chiral symmetry broken. This is because TSP is closely related to chiral symmetry. The restoration of chiral symmetry means the dissociation of spin polarization condensate.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·15 citations
14. 14*

    Gravitational waves from domain wall collapses and dark matter in the SM with a complex scalar

    Hieu The Pham🇻🇳 · Eibun Senaha

    We study domain wall induced by spontaneously broken ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ symmetry and its gravitational wave signature in the standard model with a complex scalar in connection with dark matter physics. In a minimal setup, a linear term of the singlet field is added to the scalar potential as an explicit ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ breaking term to make the domain wall unstable. We obtain its minimal size from cosmological constraints and show that the parameter space that can be probed by current and future pulsar time array experiments requires the vacuum expectation value of the singlet field to be greater than $\mathcal{O}(10-100)$ TeV, along with a singlet-like Higgs mass of $\mathcal{O}(1-100)$ TeV. However, such a region is severely restricted by the dark matter relic density, which places an upper bound on the singlet vacuum expectation value at approximately 200 TeV, and limits the dark matter mass to about half of the singlet-like Higgs boson mass.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·4 citations
15. 15*

    Sensitivity of the neutrino transmission coefficient at high energies to the Earth's density profile

    Reinaldo Francener🇧🇷 · Victor P. Goncalves🇧🇷 · Diego R. Gratieri🇧🇷

    The flux of atmospheric and astrophysical neutrinos measured in UHE neutrino detectors is strongly dependent on the description of the propagation and absorption of the neutrinos during the passage through Earth to the detector. In particular, the attenuation of the incident neutrino flux depends on the details of the matter structure between the source and the detector. In this paper, we will investigate the impact of different descriptions for the density profile of Earth on the transmission coefficient, defined as the ratio between the flux measured in the detector and the incoming neutrino flux. We will consider five different models for the Earth's density profile and estimate how these different models modify the target column density and transmission coefficients for different flavors. The results are derived by solving the cascade equations taking into account the NC interactions and tau regeneration. A comparison with approximated solutions is also presented. Our results indicated that the predictions are sensitive to the model considered for the density profile, with the simplified three layer model providing a satisfactory description when compared with the PREM results.

    hep-phhep-exJ.Phys.G(2025)·5 citations
16. 16*

    Magnetic Moments of Hidden-Bottom Pentaquark States

    Halil Mutuk🇹🇷

    We study systematically magnetic moments of hiddden-bottom pentaquark states with quantum numbers $J^P={\frac{1}{2}}^{\pm }$, $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^{\pm }$, and $J^P={\frac{5}{2}}^{\pm }$ with molecular, diquark-diquark-antiquark, and diquark-triquark models. The numerical results show that magnetic moments are different within the same model according to same quantum numbers and spin-orbit couplings. The results are also different when different models are taken into account with the same angular momentum. The magnetic moments encode valuable information about inner structures. We believe that our results may be helpful for experimental studies.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJC(2024)·19 citations
17. 17*

    Direct Production of Light Scalar in the Type-I Two-Higgs-Doublet Model at the Lifetime Frontier of LHC

    Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Lei Wang🇨🇳 · Yu Zhang🇨🇳

    A light pseudoscalar $A$ in the sufficient large $\tan \beta$ region of type-I two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) can be naturally a long-lived particle (LLP). We focus on $H^{\pm }A$, $HA$ and $AA$ pair productions via the electroweak processes mediated by the bosons at the LHC, including $pp\to W^{\pm }/Z\to H^{\pm }/HA$ and $pp\to h\to AA$ at the 14 TeV LHC. The possibility of probing $A$ as a LLP at the FASER-2, FACET, MoEDAL-MAPP-2, MATHUSLA is discussed. We find that FASER-2 fails to probe any parameter space within 0.2 GeV $<m_A<$ 10 GeV for all the considered processes. For 130 $<m_{H\pm }=m_H<$ 400 GeV, FACET, MoEDAL-MAPP-2 and MATHUSLA can probe $\tan \beta \lesssim 10^{4-6}$ for $m_A\lesssim 3$ GeV, and $\tan \beta \lesssim 10^{6-8}$ for 3 GeV $\lesssim m_A<$ 10 GeV from $pp\to W^{\pm }/Z\to H^{\pm }/ZA$ processes. And $pp\to h\to AA$ process covers similar parameter space. All processes can surpass the current limits.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
18. 18*

    Effect of Coriolis Force on Electrical Conductivity Tensor for Rotating Hadron Resonance Gas

    Nandita Padhan🇮🇳 · Ashutosh Dwibedi🇮🇳 · Arghya Chatterjee🇮🇳 · Sabyasachi Ghosh🇮🇳

    We have investigated the influence of the Coriolis force on the electrical conductivity of hadronic matter formed in relativistic nuclear collisions, employing the Hadron Resonance Gas (HRG) model. A rotating matter in the peripheral heavy ion collisions can be expected from the initial stage of quark matter to late-stage hadronic matter. Present work is focused on rotating hadronic matter, whose medium constituents - hadron resonances can face a non-zero Coriolis force, which can influence the hadronic flow or conductivity. We estimate this conductivity tensor by using the relativistic Boltzmann transport equation. In the absence of Coriolis force, an isotropic conductivity tensor for hadronic matter is expected. However, our study finds that the presence of Coriolis force can generate an anisotropic conductivity tensor with three main conductivity components - parallel, perpendicular, and Hall, similar to the effect of Lorentz force at a finite magnetic field. Our study has indicated that a noticeable anisotropy of conductivity tensor can be found within the phenomenological range of angular velocity $\Omega =0.001-0.02$ GeV and hadronic scattering radius $a=0.2-2$ fm.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2024)·15 citations
19. 19*

    Consistency of pion form factor and unpolarized transverse momentum dependent parton distributions beyond leading twist in the light-front quark model

    Ho-Meoyng Choi🇰🇷 · Chueng-Ryong Ji🇺🇸

    We investigate the interplay among the pion's form factor, transverse momentum dependent distributions (TMDs), and parton distribution functions (PDFs) extending our light-front quark model (LFQM) computation based on the Bakamjian-Thomas construction for the two-point function[41,42] to the three-point and four-point functions. Ensuring the four-momentum conservation at the meson-quark vertex from the Bakamjian-Thomas construction, the meson mass is taken consistently as the corresponding invariant meson mass both in the matrix element and the Lorentz factor in our LFQM computation. We achieve the current-component independence in the physical observables such as the pion form factor and delve into the derivation of unpolarized TMDs and PDFs associated with the forward matrix element. We address the challenges posed by twist-4 TMDs and exhibit the fulfillment of the sum rule. Effectively, our LFQM successfully handles the light-front zero modes and offers insights for broader three-point and four-point functions and related observables.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·17 citations
20. 20*

    A novel quark pairing in sQGP induced by the non-Abelian feature of the interaction

    Fei Gao🇨🇳 · Yi Lu🇨🇳 · Yu-Xin Liu🇨🇳

    We solve the coupled Dyson-Schwinger equations for quark propagator and quark gluon vertex in the Nambu-Gorkov basis which is widely applied to study the color superconductivity. After considering the non-Abelian feature in the off-diagonal part of quark gluon vertex, we acquire a quark pairing gap in chiral limit above the chiral phase transition temperature $T_c$. The gap persists up to $2-3T_c$ and vanishes at higher temperature. Such a quark pairing characterizes the strongly coupled quark gluon plasma phase as a new phase and distinct from the phase with quasi quarks and gluons. Its new features can be disclosed in the heavy ion collision experiments.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-th2 citations
21. 21*

    NMSSM with correct relic density and an additional 95 GeV Higgs boson

    Ulrich Ellwanger🇫🇷 · Cyril Hugonie🇫🇷

    We investigate whether it is possible within the NMSSM to describe simultaneously a correct dark matter relic density complying with the latest null results from the LZ experiment, an extra Higgs boson with a mass of ~95 GeV visible in the bb channel at LEP and the diphoton channel at the LHC, and the deviation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon from its value within the Standard Model. We find that this is still possible for a variety of dark matter annihilation mechanisms, for singlino-like but also bino-like lightest supersymmetric particles. We show the signal rates of the extra Higgs boson and the dark matter detection rates as function of the dark matter mass and annihilation mechanism. The dark matter direct detection cross section may well fall below the neutrino floor. The masses of the lightest electroweakly interacting supersymmetric particles are typically not far above 100 GeV, but not excluded due to unconventional decays.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·28 citations
22. 22*

    EFT observable stability under NLO corrections through interference revival

    Céline Degrande🇧🇪 · Matteo Maltoni🇧🇪

    We illustrate the importance of interference revival, when higher-order corrections are included, by presenting LO and NLO differential cross sections and $K$-factors for three processes that are sensitive to the dimension-6 SMEFT operator $O_W$ : $Z$-plus-two-jets ($Zjj$) through VBF, leptonic diboson $WZ$ and $W\gamma$ production. We show how lifting the interference suppression at LO, through suitable variables and cuts, is necessary to get reliable predictions at NLO. We also present bounds on $C_W/{\Lambda }^2$ obtained from these observables

    hep-phPLB(2024)·8 citations
23. 23*

    Exclusive Bremsstrahlung of One and Two Photons in Proton-Proton Collisions

    Piotr Lebiedowicz🇵🇱 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱 · Otto Nachtmann🇩🇪

    We discuss the diffractive bremsstrahlung of a single photon in the $pp\to pp\gamma$ reaction at LHC energies and at forward photon rapidities. We compare the results for our standard approach, based on QFT and the tensor-Pomeron model, with two versions of soft-photon approximations, SPA1 and SPA2, where the radiative amplitudes contain only the leading terms proportional to ${\omega }^{-1}$ (the inverse of the photon energy). SPA1, which does not have the correct energy-momentum relations, performs surprisingly well in the kinematic range considered, namely at very forward photon rapidities and $0.02<{\xi }_{1,2}<0.1$, the relative energy loss of the protons, corresponding to small values of the photon transverse momentum. Azimuthal correlations between outgoing particles are presented. We discuss also the role of the $pp\to pp{\pi }^0$ background for single photon production. We discuss also the possibility of a measurement of the $pp\to pp\gamma \gamma$ reaction. Our predictions can be verified by ATLAS-LHCf combined experiments.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
24. 24*

    Can CP be conserved in the two-Higgs-doublet model?

    Carlos Henrique de Lima🇨🇦 · Heather E. Logan🇨🇦

    We study the conditions under which the CP violation in the quark mixing matrix can leak into the scalar potential of the real two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) via divergent radiative corrections, thereby spoiling the renormalizability of the model. We show that any contributing diagram must involve 12 Yukawa-coupling insertions and a factor of the $U(1{)}_{PQ}$-breaking scalar potential parameter ${\lambda }_5$, thereby requiring at least six loops; this also implies that the 2HDM with only softly-broken $U(1{)}_{PQ}$ is safe from divergent leaks of CP violation to all orders. We demonstrate that additional symmetries of the six-loop diagrams in the type I and II 2HDMs guarantee that all of the divergent CP-violating contributions cancel at this order. We also show that these symmetries are violated at seven loops and enumerate the classes of diagrams that can contribute to CP-violating divergences, providing evidence that the real 2HDM is theoretically inconsistent starting at the seven-loop level.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·8 citations
25. 25*

    Missing Energy plus Jet in the SMEFT

    Gudrun Hiller🇩🇪 · Daniel Wendler🇩🇪

    We study the production of dineutrinos in proton-proton collisions, with large missing transverse energy and an energetic jet as the experimental signature. Recasting a search from the ATLAS collaboration we work out constraints on semileptonic four-fermion operators, gluon and electroweak dipole operators and $Z$-penguins in the SMEFT. All but the $Z$-penguin operators experience energy-enhancement. Constraints on gluon dipole operators are the strongest, probing new physics up to 14 TeV, and improve over existing ones from collider studies. Limits on FCNC four-fermion operators are competitive with Drell-Yan production of dileptons, and improve on those for tau final states. For left-handed $|\Delta s|=|\Delta d|=1$ and right-handed $|\Delta c|=|\Delta u|=1$ transitions these are the best available limits, also considering rare kaon and charm decays. We estimate improvements for the $3000{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·14 citations
26. 26*

    Galilean relativity and wave-particle duality imply the Schrödinger equation

    Gustavo Rigolin🇧🇷

    We show that the Schrödinger equation can be derived assuming the Galilean covariance of a generic wave equation and the validity of the de Broglie's wave-particle duality hypothesis. We also obtain from this set of assumptions the transformation law for the wave function under a Galilean boost and prove that complex wave functions are unavoidable for a consistent description of a physical system. The extension to the relativistic domain of the above analysis is also provided. We show that Lorentz covariance and wave-particle duality are consistent with two different transformation laws for the wave function under a Lorentz boost. This leads to two different wave equations, namely, the Klein-Gordon equation and the Lorentz covariant Schrödinger equation.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phhep-thPRA(2024)·1 citation
27. 27*

    The Non-triviality of Dynamical Chern-Simons Gravity and the Standard Model

    Stephon Alexander🇺🇸 · Heliudson Bernardo🇺🇸 · Cyril Creque-Sarbinowski🇺🇸

    Given the growing interest in gravitational-wave and cosmological parity-violating effects in dynamical Chern-Simons (dCS) gravity, it is crucial to investigate whether the scalar-gravitational Pontryagin term in dCS persists when formulated in the context of the ${\text{U(1)}}_{\text{B}-\text{L}}$ anomaly in the Standard Model (SM). In particular, it has been argued that dCS gravity can be reduced to Einstein gravity after ''rotating away'' the gravitational-Pontryagin coupling into the phase of the Weinberg operator $–$ analogous to the rotation of the axion zero-mode into the quark mass matrix. We find that dCS is nontrivial if the scalar field $\varphi$ has significant space-time dependence from dynamics. We provide a comprehensive consideration of the dCS classical and quantum symmetries relevant for embedding a dCS sector in the SM. We find that, because of the B-L chiral gravitational anomaly, the scalar-Pontryagin term cannot be absorbed by a field redefinition. Assuming a minimal extension of the SM, we also find that a coupling of the dCS scalar with right-handed neutrinos induces both the scalar-Pontryagin coupling and an axion-like phase in the dimension-five Weinberg operator. We comment on the issue of gauging the ${\text{U(1)}}_{\text{B}-\text{L}}$, the observational effects with these two operators present for upcoming experiments, and the origin of dCS gravity in string theory.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
28. 28*

    Anomalies and Dynamics in Strongly-Coupled Gauge Theories, New Criteria for Different Phases, and a Lesson from Supersymmetric Gauge Theories

    Kenichi Konishi🇮🇹 · Stefano Bolognesi🇮🇹 · Andrea Luzio🇮🇹

    We review recent developments in our understanding of the dynamics of strongly-coupled chiral $SU(N)$ gauge theories in four dimensions, problems which are potentially important in our quest to go beyond the standard $SU(3{)}_{QCD}\times (SU(2)\times U(1){)}_{GWS}$ model of the fundamental interactions. The generalized symmetries and associated new 't Hooft anomaly-matching constraints allow us to exclude, in a wide class of chiral gauge theories, confining vacuum with full flavor symmetries supported by a set of color-singlet massless composite fermions. The color-flavor-locked dynamical Higgs phase, dynamical Abelianization or more general symmetry breaking phase, appear as plausible IR dynamics, depending on the massless matter fermions present. We revisit and discuss critically several well-known confinement criteria in the literature, for both chiral and vectorlike gauge theories, and propose tentative, new criteria for discriminating different phases. Finally, we review an idea which might sound rather surprising at first, but is indeed realized in some softly-broken supersymmetric theories, that confinement in QCD is a small deformation (in the IR end of the renormalization-group flow) of a strongly-coupled, nonlocal, nonAbelian conformal fixed point.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPoS(2024)·7 citations
29. 29*

    Generalized nonlinear Langevin equation from quantum nonlinear projection operator

    Jin Hu🇨🇳

    We systematically derive the quantum generalized nonlinear Langevin equation using Morozov's projection operator method. This approach extends the linear Mori-Zwanzig projection operator technique, allowing for the inclusion of nonlinear interactions among macroscopic modes. Additionally, we obtain the quantum generalized Fokker-Planck equation within the Heisenberg picture, which is consistent with Morozov's original formulation. These equations are fundamentally significant in non-equilibrium statistical physics, particularly in scenarios characterized by enhanced fluctuations, such as anomalous transport phenomena near critical points. The quantum nature of the derived generalized Langevin and Fokker-Planck equations is anticipated to provide a more detailed description than their classical equivalents. Specifically, the noise kernel in the quantum generalized Langevin equation is multiplicative, which broadens the applicability beyond Gaussian approximations. Given specific interactions, these equations are expected to be instrumental in investigating critical transport phenomena.

    ↳ cond-mat.stat-mechhep-phnucl-thquant-phPRD(2024)·3 citations
30. 30*

    Covariant Lagrangian Cubic Interaction Vertices For Irreducible Higher Spin Fields in Minkowski Backgrounds

    Alexander A. Reshetnyak🇷🇺

    We review the application of BRST and BRST-BV approaches to construct the generic off-shell local Lorentz covariant cubic interaction vertices for irreducible massless and massive higher integer spin fields (as the candidates for massive particles in the Dark Matter problem) on $d$-dimensional Minkowski spaces. It is shown that equivalence among two Lagrangian dynamics for the same cubically interacting fields with given masses and spins obtained by means of the approach with complete BRST, $Q$, operator and of one with incomplete BRST, $Q_c$, operator in presence of consistent off-shell holonomic (traceless) constraints can be uplifted from the equivalence of the Lagrangians for free higher spin fields. We found that to get non-contradictory Lagrangians for irreducible interacting higher-spin fields within approach with $Q_c$ operator, together with off-shell algebraic constraints in addition to necessary condition of superconmmuting of $Q_c$ with appropriate holonomic constraints on the field and gauge parameter vectors, these constraints should form Abelian superalgebra both with BRST operator above and with operators of cubic vertices.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MPMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2024)·2 citations
31. 31*

    Towards multi-messenger observations of core-collapse supernovae harbouring choked jets

    A. Zegarelli🇩🇪 · D Guetta🇮🇱 · S. Celli🇮🇹 · S. Gagliardini🇮🇱 · I. Di Palma🇮🇹 · I. Bartos🇺🇸

    Choked jets (CJ) have attracted particular attention as potential sources of high-energy cosmic neutrinos. Testing this hypothesis is challenging because of the missing gamma-ray counterpart, hence the identification of other electromagnetic (EM) signatures is crucial. A CJ source is expected harbouring in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) with extended H envelopes, releasing ultraviolet (UV) and optical emission for a few days. The UV band will be visible with an unprecedentedly large field of view by the future satellite ULTRASAT, for which we investigate the detection prospects in relation to the CJ visibility in the optical band with the currently operating telescope ZTF. ULTRASAT will be able to double the volume of sky currently visible by ZTF for the same emitting sources (sample of observed Type II SNe enlarged by 50%). As these sources can produce neutrinos via hadronic/photohadronic interactions in CJ, we investigate how neutrino observations by existing Cherenkov high-energy neutrino telescopes (IceCube and KM3NeT) can be used in association with EM signals coming from shock breakout (SBO) events. For optimized multimessenger detections, the delay between neutrino produced at SBO (during the jet propagation inside the stellar envelope) and ULTRASAT observations should be of around 4(5) days, with a follow-up by instruments like ZTF about one week after. We estimate that at most ~20% of the CCSNe from red supergiant stars detectable with ULTRASAT might host a CJ and release TeV neutrinos. EM and neutrino detections, if accompanied by photometric and spectroscopic follow-up with evidence for a relativistic jet launched by the central engine, would suggest CCSNe harbouring choked jets as main contributors to the cosmic diffuse neutrino flux.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IMastro-ph.SRhep-phAstron.Astrophys.(2024)·13 citations
32. 32*

    Generation of $\gamma$-photons and pairs with transverse orbital angular momentum via spatiotemporal optical vortex pulse

    Cui-Wen Zhang🇨🇳 · De-Sheng Zhang🇨🇳 · Bai-Song Xie🇨🇳

    We present the generation of well-collimated $\gamma$-photons and pairs with extrinsic transverse orbital angular momentum (TOAM) through the head-on collision of an intense spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) pulse carrying intrinsic TOAM with a high-energy electron beam. It is found that the TOAM of STOV pulse remains almost unchanged, and the TOAM is conserved in the center-of-mass frame (CMF). Moreover, there exhibits duality for particles TOAM in the CMF and laboratory frame (LF) when the initial location of high-energy electron beam is different. Furthermore, the TOAM of $\gamma$-photons in the CMF increases while that of positrons decreases as the topological charge of STOV pulse increases, whereas in the LF, the TOAM of both $\gamma$-photons and positrons decreases. And the result under the same pulse intensity is better than that under the same pulse energy. The increase in the initial energy of high-energy electrons leads to an enhancement of the TOAM for both $\gamma$-photons and positrons in both frames. $\gamma$-photons and electrons/positrons with TOAM as a new degree of freedom maybe have an extensive applications in optical communication, astrophysics and nanomaterials and so on.

    ↳ physics.opticshep-phquant-phPhys.Plasmas(2024)·2 citations
33. 33*

    Effect of Light Nuclei on Chemical Freeze-out Parameters at RHIC Energies

    Ning Yu · Zuman Zhang · Hongge Xu · Minxuan Song

    In this study, the chemical freeze-out of hadrons, including light-and strange-flavor particles and light nuclei, produced in Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), was investigated. Using the thermal-FIST thermodynamic statistical model, we analyzed various particle sets: those inclusive of light nuclei, those exclusive to light nuclei, and those solely comprising light nuclei. We determined the chemical freeze-out parameters at $\sqrt{s_{\text{NN}}}=$ 7.7--200 GeV and four different centralities. A significant finding was the decrease in the chemical freeze-out temperature $T_{\text{ch}}$ with light nuclei inclusion, with an even more pronounced reduction when considering light nuclei yields exclusively. This suggests that light nuclei formation occurs at a later stage in the system's evolution at RHIC energies. We present parameterized formulas that describe the energy dependence of $T_{\text{ch}}$ and the baryon chemical potential ${\mu }_B$ for three distinct particle sets in central Au+Au collisions at RHIC energies. Our results reveal at least three distinct $T_{\text{ch}}$ at RHIC energies correspond to different freeze-out hypersurfaces: a light-flavor freeze-out temperature of $T_L$ = 150.2$\pm$6 MeV, a strange-flavor freeze-out temperature $T_s$ = 165.1$\pm$2.7 MeV, and a light-nuclei freeze-out temperature $T_{\text{ln}}$ = 141.7$\pm$1.4 MeV. Notably, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Pb+Pb 2.76 TeV, the expected lower freeze-out temperature for light nuclei was not observed; instead, the $T_{\text{ch}}$ for light nuclei was found to be approximately 10 MeV higher than that for light-flavor hadrons.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exNucl.Sci.Tech.(2025)·3 citations
34. 34*

    Rotating metrics and new multipole moments from scattering amplitudes in arbitrary dimensions

    Claudio Gambino🇮🇹 · Paolo Pani🇮🇹 · Fabio Riccioni🇮🇹

    We compute the vacuum metric generated by a generic rotating object in arbitrary dimensions up to third post-Minkowskian order by computing the classical contribution of scattering amplitudes describing the graviton emission by massive spin-1 particles up to two loops. The solution depends on the mass, angular momenta, and on up to two parameters related to generic quadrupole moments. In $D=4$ spacetime dimensions, we recover the vacuum Hartle-Thorne solution describing a generic spinning object to second order in the angular momentum, of which the Kerr metric is a particular case obtained for a specific mass quadrupole moment dictated by the uniqueness theorem. At the level of the effective action, the case of minimal couplings corresponds to the Kerr black hole, while any other mass quadrupole moment requires non-minimal couplings. In $D>4$, the absence of black-hole uniqueness theorems implies that there are multiple spinning black hole solutions with different topology. Using scattering amplitudes, we find a generic solution depending on the mass, angular momenta, the mass quadrupole moment, and a new stress quadrupole moment which does not exist in $D=4$. As special cases, we recover the Myers-Perry and the single-angular-momentum black ring solutions, to third and first post-Minkowksian order, respectively. Interestingly, at variance with the four dimensional case, none of these solutions corresponds to the minimal coupling in the effective action. This shows that, from the point of view of scattering amplitudes, black holes are the "simplest" General Relativity vacuum solutions only in $D=4$.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·25 citations
35. 35*

    SASHIMI-SIDM: Semi-analytical subhalo modelling for self-interacting dark matter at sub-galactic scales

    Shin'ichiro Ando🇳🇱 · Shunichi Horigome · Ethan O. Nadler🇺🇸 · Daneng Yang🇺🇸 · Hai-Bo Yu🇺🇸

    We combine the semi-analytical structure formation model, SASHIMI, which predicts subhalo populations in collisionless, cold dark matter (CDM), with a parametric model that maps CDM halos to self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) halos. The resulting model, SASHIMI-SIDM, generates SIDM subhalo populations down to sub-galactic mass scales, for an arbitrary input cross section, in minutes. We show that SASHIMI-SIDM agrees with SIDM subhalo populations from high-resolution cosmological zoom-in simulations in resolved regimes. Crucially, we predict that the fraction of core-collapsed subhalos peaks at a mass scale determined by the input SIDM cross section and decreases toward higher halo masses, consistent with the predictions of gravothermal models and cosmological simulations. For the first time, we also show that the core-collapsed fraction decreases toward lower halo masses. While the dependence of the collapse time on mass and concentration implies such behaviour, our semi-analytical approach allows us to quantify and illustrate this trend clearly across the full mass spectrum of subhalos, including for subhalo masses below the resolution limit of any current cosmological SIDM simulation. As a proof of principle, we apply SASHIMI-SIDM to predict the boost to the local dark matter density and annihilation rate from core-collapsed SIDM subhalos, which can be enhanced relative to CDM by an order of magnitude for viable SIDM models. Thus, SASHIMI-SIDM provides an efficient and reliable tool for scanning SIDM parameter space and testing it with astrophysical observations. The code is publicly available at https://github.com/shinichiroando/sashimi-si.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2025)·22 citations
36. 36*

    Nambu-Goldstone Modes in Magnetized $T^{2n}$ Extra Dimensions

    Takuya Hirose🇯🇵 · Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵 · Koji Tsumura🇯🇵 · Yoshiki Uchida🇨🇳

    We consider a $U(1)$ gauge theory on $M^4\times T^4$ with background magnetic fluxes. We show that a theory including arbitrary fluxes can always be studied in a theory involving only diagonal fluxes by appropriate coordinate transformations. It is found that the number of independent magnetic fluxes is equal to the rank of the classical value of the field strength matrix, $\mathrm{rank}⟨F⟩$. The number of massless zero modes induced from extra components of higher-dimensional gauge field (Wilson-line scalar field), is also determined by $\mathrm{rank}⟨F⟩$. We explicitly confirm that the quantum corrections due to the matter fermion to the squared mass of Wilson-line scalar field cancel out at one-loop level. For this purpose, we derive the fermion mass spectrum on $M^4\times T^4$ with arbitrary fluxes. By taking the flux diagonal basis, creation and annihilation operators for Kaluza-Klein quantum numbers are defined appropriately. Our results are easily generalized to the case of $M^4\times T^{2n}(n\ge 3)$.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·5 citations
37. 37*

    Hydrodynamic fluctuations and topological susceptibility in chiral magnetohydrodynamics

    Arpit Das🇬🇧 · Nabil Iqbal🇬🇧 · Napat Poovuttikul🇹🇭

    Chiral magnetohydrodynamics is devoted to understanding the late-time and long-distance behavior of a system with an Adler-Bell-Jackiw anomaly at finite temperatures. The non-conservation of the axial charge is determined by the topological density $\vec{E}\cdot \vec{B}$; in a classical hydrodynamic description this decay rate can be suppressed by tuning the background magnetic field to zero. However it is in principle possible for thermal fluctuations of $\vec{E}\cdot \vec{B}$ to result in a non-conservation of the charge even at vanishing $B$-field; this would invalidate the classical hydrodynamic effective theory. We investigate this by computing the real-time susceptibility of the topological density at one-loop level in magnetohydrodynamic fluctuations, relating its low-frequency limit to the decay rate of the axial charge. We find that the frequency-dependence of this susceptibility is sufficiently soft as to leave the axial decay rate unaffected, validating the classical hydrodynamic description. We show that the susceptibility contains non-analytic frequency-dependence which is universally determined by hydrodynamic data. We comment briefly on possible connections to the recent formulation of the ABJ anomaly in terms of non-invertible symmetry.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thSciPost Phys.(2024)·3 citations
38. 38*

    Constraining the history of reheating with the NANOGrav 15-year data

    Suvashis Maity🇮🇳 · Nilanjandev Bhaumik🇮🇳 · Md Riajul Haque🇮🇳 · Debaprasad Maity🇮🇳 · L. Sriramkumar🇮🇳

    Over the last few years, primordial black holes (PBHs) have emerged as a strong candidate for cold dark matter. A significant number of PBHs are produced when the strength of the primordial scalar power spectrum is enhanced on small scales (compared to the COBE normalized values on large scales). Such primordial spectra also inevitably lead to strong amplification of the scalar-induced, secondary gravitational waves (GWs) at higher frequencies. The recent detection of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) by the pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) has opened up the possibility of directly probing the very early universe. Different studies have shown that, when PBHs are assumed to have been formed during the epoch of radiation domination, the mechanism for the amplification of the scalar-induced GWs that is required to explain the PTA data can overproduce the PBHs over some ranges of masses. In this work, we assume a specific functional form for the primordial scalar power spectrum and examine the production of PBHs and the scalar-induced secondary GWs during the phase of reheating, which precedes the standard epoch of radiation domination. Specifically, we account for the uncertainties in the conditions for the formation of PBHs and ensure that the extent of PBHs produced remains within the observational bounds. We find that the scalar-induced SGWB generated during a phase of reheating with a steeper equation of state (than that of radiation) fit the NANOGrav 15-year data with a stronger Bayesian evidence than the astrophysical scenario involving GWs produced by merging supermassive binary black holes.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2025)·26 citations
39. 39*

    Muon Ring and FCC-ee / CEPC Based Antimuon-Electron Colliders

    Dilara Akturk🇹🇷 · Burak Dagli🇹🇷 · Saleh Sultansoy🇹🇷

    Recently, the construction of an antimuon-electron collider, {\mu}TRISTAN, at KEK has been proposed. We argue that the construction of a similar muon ring tangential to FCC-ee and CEPC will give an opportunity to realize antimuon-electron collisions at higher center-of-mass energies. Moreover, the same ring may be used later to realize energy-frontier antimuon-proton colliders based on FCC-pp and SppC. Similarly, changing of electron ring in {\mu}TRISTAN project into proton ring will give opportunity to investigate lepton-hadron collisions at ~2 TeV center-of-mass energies. In this paper the main parameters of proposed colliders have been studied. It is shown that sufficiently high luminosities can be achieved for all proposals under consideration.

    ↳ physics.acc-phhep-exhep-phEPL(2024)·5 citations
40. 40*

    An inflationary cosmology from anti-de Sitter wormholes

    Panos Betzios🇨🇦 · Olga Papadoulaki🇫🇷

    We propose a new type of wavefunction for the universe computed from the Euclidean path integral, with asymptotically $AdS$ boundary conditions. In the semiclassical limit, it describes a Euclidean (half)-wormhole geometry, exhibiting a local maximum of the scale factor at the surface of reflection symmetry, giving rise to an expanding universe upon analytic continuation to Lorentzian signature. We find that these Euclidean wormholes set natural initial conditions for inflation and that the semi-classical Wheeler-DeWitt wavefunction can favor a long lasting inflationary epoch, resolving a well known issue of the no-boundary proposal. Due to the asymptotic $AdS$ conditions in the Euclidean past they raise the possibility of describing the physics of inflating cosmologies and their perturbations within the context of holography.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRL(2024)·31 citations
41. 41*

    Four-gluon vertex from the Curci-Ferrari model at one-loop order

    Nahuel Barrios🇺🇾 · Philipe De Fabritiis🇧🇷 · Marcela Peláez🇺🇾

    We compute the four-gluon vertex from the Curci-Ferrari model at one-loop order for a collinear configuration. Our results display a good agreement with the first lattice data for this vertex, released very recently (arXiv:2401.12008). A noteworthy novelty of our work is that we can provide analytical expressions for the four-gluon vertex in collinear configurations, together with a renormalization scheme that allows us to perform reliable perturbative computations even in the infrared regime. We observe an infrared suppression in the form factor associated with the tree-level four-gluon tensor with a possible zero-crossing in the deep infrared which demands new lattice investigations to be confirmed. Moreover, we report an infrared divergence in the completely symmetric tensor form factor due to the ghost-loop contributions. These results come as predictions since previous two-point correlations fix all the available parameters of the model, up to an overall constant factor.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phPRD(2024)·15 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.