Wed·Feb 21, 2024Wednesday·February 21, 2024

1. 01*

   Non-Invertible Peccei-Quinn Symmetry and the Massless Quark Solution to the Strong CP Problem

   Clay Cordova🇺🇸 · Sungwoo Hong🇰🇷 · Seth Koren🇺🇸

   We consider theories of gauged quark flavor and identify non-invertible Peccei-Quinn symmetries arising from fractional instantons when the resulting gauge group has non-trivial global structure. Such symmetries exist solely because the Standard Model has the same numbers of generations as colors, $N_g=N_c$. This leads us to a massless down-type quark solution to the strong CP problem in an ultraviolet $SU(9)$ theory of quark color-flavor unification. We show how the CKM flavor structure and weak CP violation can be generated without upsetting our solution.

   hep-phhep-thPRX(2025)·55 citations
2. 02*

   Axion-Like Particles in Radiative Quarkonia Decays

   Luca Di Luzio🇮🇹 · Alfredo Walter Mario Guerrera🇮🇹 · Xavier Ponce Díaz🇮🇹 · Stefano Rigolin🇮🇹

   Radiative quarkonia decays offer an ideal setting for probing Axion-Like Particle (ALP) interactions. This paper provides a comprehensive review of ALP production mechanisms through the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to \gamma a$ process at B- and Charm-factories, alongside an analysis of potential ALP decay channels. We derive constraints on ALP couplings to Standard Model (SM) fields, based on recent experimental results on quarkonia decays by the Belle II and BESIII collaborations. The analysis distinguishes between "invisible" and "visible" ALP decay scenarios. The "invisible" scenario, characterised by a mono-$\gamma$ plus missing-energy signature, enables stringent limits on ALP-photon and ALP-quark ($b$ or $c$) couplings. Moreover, extensive research at flavour factories has explored various "visible" ALP decays into SM final states, which depend on a larger set of ALP-SM couplings. To streamline the "visible" ALP scenario, we introduce additional theoretical assumptions, such as universal ALP-fermion couplings, or we adopt specific benchmark ALP models, aiming to minimise the number of independent variables in our analysis.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·33 citations
3. 03*

   Testing the double-logarithm asymptotic gluon density in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider

   D. A. Fagundes🇧🇷 · M.V.T. Machado🇧🇷

   In this paper, we analyze the application of an analytical gluon distribution based on double-asymptotic scaling to the photoproduction of vector mesons in coherent $pp$, $pA$, and $AA$ collisions at LHC energies, using the color dipole formalism. Predictions for the rapidity distribution are presented for ${\rho }^0$, $J/\psi$, $\psi (2S)$, and ${\rm Y}(1S)$ mesons photoproduction. An analysis of the uncertainties associated with different implementations of the dipole--proton amplitude is performed. The vector meson photoproduction accompanied by electromagnetic dissociation is also analyzed.

   hep-phPhysics(2025)·3 citations
4. 04*

   On-shell recursion and holomorphic HQET for heavy quark hadronic resonances

   Claudio Andrea Manzari🇺🇸 · Dean J. Robinson🇺🇸

   We develop a new theoretical framework for the treatment of heavy quark (HQ) resonances within heavy quark effective theory (HQET). This framework uses on-shell recursion techniques to express the resonant amplitude as a product of on-shell subamplitudes, which allows one to employ a form-factor representation of the hadronic matrix elements and to obtain an HQ expansion, but at the price of introducing complex momenta. We construct a generalized ``holomorphic HQET'' onto which such complex-momentum matrix elements can be matched, and we show that $PT$ symmetry ensures the Isgur-Wise functions (and the perturbative corrections) become holomorphic functions of the complex recoil parameter with real coefficients. They are thus an analytic continuation of the standard HQET description. This framework admits a HQ hadron (strong decay) width expansion. At second order, we show it is compatible with data for the $B_{1(2)}^{(\ast )}$ and $D_{1(2)}^{(\ast )}$ HQ doublets. Taking the $\bar{B}\to (D_1^{\ast }(1^{-})\to D\pi )l\nu$ system as an example, we compute the holomorphic HQET expansion to first order, as well as the complex-momentum on-shell subamplitudes. A toy numerical study of the resulting differential rates demonstrates that this framework generates HQ resonance lineshapes with large tails, resembling those seen in data.

   hep-phJHEP(2025)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Non-perturbative Origin of the Electroweak Scale: RGE in Strongly-coupled Dark Gauge Theories via Dyson-Schwinger

   Marco Frasca🇮🇹 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸

   We propose a novel pathway to generate the electroweak scale (EW) via non-perturbative dynamics of a dark gauge sector based on the SU(N) gauge group. Imposing the scale invariance of the theory, we investigate the electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB) which is triggered dynamically via the condensation of gauge fields. Instead of the usual dimension-4 triggered breaking, a dimension 6 term (with Wilson coefficient compatible with SMEFT bounds) coupling the Higgs boson and the Yang-Mills field quadratic term in the Lagrangian provides feedback from the gauge to the Higgs sector. We provide a novel method to estimate a non-perturbative EW scale generation using the exact solution of a truncated set of the background equations of motion in Yang-Mills theory in terms of Jacobi elliptic functions and the exact beta-function valid in the strongly coupled regimes via the Dyson-Schwinger approach. Particularly, we find an analytical result for the Renormalization Group Equation (RGE) of the gauge coupling in the $SU(N)$ sector in the strongly-coupled regime. The dynamics studied in this paper pave the way to a more realistic model building with possible resolution to the hierarchy problem and, in general, dynamical generation of scales.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2025)·3 citations
6. 06*

   Sensitivity of transverse momentum correlations to early-stage and thermal fluctuations

   Oleh Savchuk🇺🇸

   Transverse momentum correlations were recently measured by the ALICE collaboration at the LHC. A long-range structure in terms of relative pseudorapidity of particle pairs is observed. This may imply some signal of the initial state owing to the shear spread of the correlation. However, the fluctuations inside a thermally equilibrated medium have to be taken into account, serving as motivation for this letter. Using lattice Quantum Chromodynamics (lQCD) constraints, we predicted the development and spread of balancing correlations caused by energy-momentum conservation. Simultaneously, we propagated the initial correlation using hydrodynamics to estimate its effects. Our findings suggest that the resulting correlation, known as ``the ridge``, is sensitive to both fluctuations in the equilibrated medium and the pre-equilibrium stage. This can provide important insight into the early stages of the collision.

   hep-phhep-thJ.Phys.G(2025)·3 citations
7. 07*

   Gravitational wave asteroseismology of dark matter hadronic stars

   C. V. Flores🇧🇷 · C. H. Lenzi🇧🇷 · M. Dutra🇧🇷 · O. Lourenço🇧🇷 · J. D. V. Arbañil🇵🇪

   The influence of the dark matter mass~($M_{\chi }$) and the Fermi momentum~($k_F^{\text{dm}}$) on the $f_0$-mode oscillation frequency, damping time parameter, and tidal deformability of hadronic stars are studied by employing a numerical integration of hydrostatic equilibrium, nonradial oscillation, and tidal deformability equations. The matter inside the hadronic stars follows the NL3* equation of state. We obtain that the influence of $M_{\chi }$ and $k_F^{\text{dm}}$ is observed in the $f_0$-mode, damping tome parameter, and tidal deformability. Finally, the correlation between the tidal deformability of the GW$170817$ event with $M_{\chi }$ and $k_F^{\text{dm}}$ are also investigated.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcPRD(2024)·26 citations
8. 08*

   Lowest-lying ${\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ and ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ ${\Lambda }_Q$ resonances: from the strange to the bottom sectors

   J. Nieves🇪🇸 · A. Feijoo🇪🇸 · M. Albaladejo🇪🇸 · Meng-Lin Du🇨🇳

   We present a detailed study of the lowest-lying ${\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ and ${\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ ${\Lambda }_Q$ resonances both in the heavy quark (bottom and charm) and the strange sectors. We have paid special attention to the interplay between the constituent quark-model and chiral baryon-meson degrees of freedom, which are coupled using a unitarized scheme consistent with leading-order heavy quark symmetries. We show that the ${\Lambda }_b(5912)$ [$J^P=1/2^{-}$], ${\Lambda }_b(5920)$ [$J^P=3/2^{-}$] and the ${\Lambda }_c(2625)$ [$J^P=3/2^{-}$], and the $\Lambda (1520)$ [$J^P=3/2^{-}$] admitting larger breaking corrections, are heavy-quark spin-flavor siblings. They can be seen as dressed quark-model states with ${\Sigma }_Q^{(\ast )}\pi$ molecular components of the order of 30\%. The ${J^P=\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ ${\Lambda }_c(2595)$ has, however, a higher molecular probability of at least $50$\%, and even values greater than 70\% can be easily accommodated. This is because it is located almost on top of the threshold of the ${\Sigma }_c\pi$ pair, which largely influences its properties. Although the light degrees of freedom in this resonance would be coupled to spin-parity $1^{-}$ as in the ${\Lambda }_b(5912)$, ${\Lambda }_b(5920)$ and ${\Lambda }_c(2625)$, the ${\Lambda }_c(2595)$ should not be considered as a heavy-quark spin-flavor partner of the former ones. We also show that the $\Lambda (1405)$ chiral two-pole pattern does not have analogs in the ${\frac{1}{2}}^{-}$ charmed and bottomed sectors, because the $N{D}^{(\ast )}$ and $N\overline{B}{}^{(\ast )}$ channels do not play for heavy quarks the decisive role that the $N\overline{K}$ does in the strange sector, and the notable influence of the bare quark-model states for the charm and bottom resonances. Finally, we predict the existence of two ${\Lambda }_b(6070)$ and two ${\Lambda }_c(2765)$ heavy-quark spin and flavor sibling odd parity states.

   hep-phPPNP(2024)·16 citations
9. 09*

   Pion-photon and kaon-photon transition distribution amplitudes in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model

   Jin-Li Zhang🇨🇳 · Jun Wu🇨🇳

   The Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model is utilized to investigate the pion and kaon photon leading-twist transition distribution amplitudes using proper time regularization. Separately, the properties of the vector and axial vector pion photon transition distribution amplitudes are examined, and the results meet the desired properties. Our study involves sum rule and polynomiality condition. The vector and axial vector pion photon transition form factors that are present in the ${\pi }^{+}\to \gamma e^{+}\nu$ process are the first Mellin moments of the pion photon transition distribution amplitudes. The vector transition form factor originates from the internal structure of hadrons, the axial current can be coupled to a pion, this pion is virtual, and its contribution will be present independently of the external hadrons. The kaon transition form factors are similar. The vector form factor's value at zero momentum transfer is determined by the axial anomaly, while this is not the case for the axial one. The vector and axial form factors, as well as the neutral pion vector form factor $F_{\pi \gamma \gamma }(t)$, are depicted. According to our findings, the pion axial transition form factor is harder than the vector transition form factor and harder than the electromagnetic form factor. We also discuss the link between $\pi -\gamma$ and $\gamma -\pi$ transitions distribution amplitudes.

   hep-phhep-thCPC(2024)·10 citations
10. 10*

    Effective field theories for dark matter pairs in the early universe: center-of-mass recoil effects

    Simone Biondini🇨🇭 · Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Gramos Qerimi🇩🇪 · Antonio Vairo🇩🇪

    For non-relativistic thermal dark matter, close-to-threshold effects largely dominate the evolution of the number density for most of the times after thermal freeze-out, and hence affect the cosmological relic density. A precise evaluation of the relevant interaction rates in a thermal medium representing the early universe includes accounting for the relative motion of the dark matter particles and the thermal medium. We consider a model of dark fermions interacting with a plasma of dark gauge bosons, which is equivalent to thermal QED. The temperature is taken to be smaller than the dark fermion mass and the inverse of the typical size of the dark fermion-antifermion bound states, which allows for the use of non-relativistic effective field theories. For the annihilation cross section, bound-state formation cross section, bound-state dissociation width and bound-state transition width of dark matter fermion-antifermion pairs, we compute the leading recoil effects in the reference frame of both the plasma and the center-of-mass of the fermion-antifermion pair. We explicitly verify the Lorentz transformations among these quantities. We evaluate the impact of the recoil corrections on the dark matter energy density. Our results can be directly applied to account for the relative motion of quarkonia in the quark-gluon plasma formed in heavy-ion collisions. They may be also used to precisely assess thermal effects in atomic clocks based on atomic transitions; the present work provides a first field theory derivation of time dilation for these processes in vacuum and in a medium.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJHEP(2024)·9 citations
11. 11*

    Hidden-flavour four-quark states in the charm and bottom region

    Joshua Hoffer🇩🇪 · Gernot Eichmann🇦🇹 · Christian S. Fischer🇩🇪

    We discuss the spectrum and the internal composition of ground and excited four-quark states in the charm and bottom energy region. To this end we extend previous calculations within the framework of the relativistic four-body Faddeev-Yakubovsky equation to include quantum numbers with $J^{PC}=0^{++},0^{-+},1^{--},1^{+-}$ and $1^{++}$ and study their internal composition in terms of heavy-light meson pairs, hadroquarkonia and diquark-antidiquark clusters. We observe similar patterns in the charm and bottom energy region with different compositions of the four-quark states depending on $J^{PC}$ quantum numbers. Most notably, we find that all states with $C\cdot P=+1$ are dominated by heavy-light meson contributions, whereas for axialvector states with $J^{PC}=1^{+-}$ including the $Z_c(3900)$ we find a much more complicated picture depending on the flavour content. We systematically compare our results for the spectrum with existing experimental results and provide predictions for future analyses.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·26 citations
12. 12*

    Matrix Element Corrections in top quark decays for the ttW process

    Rikkert Frederix🇸🇪 · Leif Gellersen🇸🇪 · Jasmina Nasufi🇩🇪

    We present a method that allows enabling Matrix Element Corrections (MECs) in Pythia8 with MC@NLO matching, without incurring double counting. MECs are an interesting feature that may contribute to the accuracy of theoretical predictions, alongside matching and merging. We directly compare our method to a specific choice of settings in Pythia8, which can remove double-counting for MECs in certain processes. We show results by taking the ttW process as an example. This choice allows us to study the impact of decay MECs in the 2SSl and 3l final states. We find that jet-related observables receive these corrections unevenly throughout the phase space. They can contribute up to $\pm 6\% in certain regions.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·5 citations
13. 13*

    Conversion of Emitted Axionic Dark Matter to Photons for Non-Rotating Magnetized Neutron Stars

    Shubham Yadav🇮🇳 · M.Mishra🇮🇳 · Tapomoy Guha Sarkar🇮🇳

    We attempt to find the impact of a modified Tolman Oppenheimer Volkoff (TOV) system of equations on the luminosities of direct photons, neutrinos and axions for a particular axion mass in the presence of a magnetic field. We employ two different equation of states (EoSs) namely APR and FPS to generate the profiles of mass and pressure for spherically symmetric and non-rotating Neutron stars (NSs). We then compute the axions and neutrino emission rates by employing the Cooper-pair-breaking and formation process (PBF) in the core using the NSCool code. We also examine the possibility of axion to photon conversion in the magnetosphere of NSs. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of the magnetic field on the actual observables, such as the energy spectrum of axions and axion-converted photon flux for three different NSs. Our comparative study indicates that axions energy spectrum and axion-converted photon flux changes significantly due to an intense magnetic field.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEJ.Astrophys.Astron.(2025)·0 citations
14. 14*

    Radiation back-reaction during dark-matter freeze-out via metastable bound states

    Christiana Vasilaki🇫🇷 · Kalliopi Petraki🇫🇷

    The formation and decay of metastable bound states can deplete significantly the density of multi-TeV thermal-relic dark matter. The effect depends on the interplay of bound-state formation, ionisation, transition and decay processes. Existing calculations take into account bound-state ionisation and excitations due to the radiation of the thermal bath. However, the dynamics of Hydrogen recombination suggests that the resonant radiation produced in bound-state formation or de-excitations may backreact, ionising or exciting the bound states thus impeding recombination. In this paper we examine this effect in the context of dark-matter freeze-out. To this end, we employ the generalised Saha equilibrium equation for metastable bound states, and discuss its salient features. We show that, in sharp contrast to Hydrogen recombination, the radiation produced during dark matter freeze-out is more likely to thermalise or redshift, rather than ionise or excite the metastable bound states. This holds not only for the low-energy (resonant) radiation produced in bound-state formation and transition processes, but also for the high-energy radiation produced in dark-matter annihilations and bound-state decays. While our computations are carried out in a minimal dark $U(1)$ model, our conclusions only strengthen in more complex models.

    hep-phJCAP(2024)·4 citations
15. 15*

    Synergy between DUNE and T2HKK to probe Invisible Neutrino Decay

    Zannatun Firdowzy Dey🇮🇳 · Debajyoti Dutta🇮🇳

    We address the consequence of invisible neutrino decay within the framework of two long base-line neutrino experiments: T2HKK (Tokai-to-Hyper-Kamiokande-to-Korea) and DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino experiment). Our primary objective is to bring out the aspects of CC (charged current) and NC (neutral current) measurements at DUNE in the context of invisible neutrino decay. We find that the inclusion of NC measurements with the CC measurements enhances its ability to constrain invisible neutrino decay. Further, the synergy between DUNE and T2HKK improves the constraints on invisible neutrino decay. At 3$\sigma$ C.L. (confidence level) the derived constraint is ${\tau }_3/m_3\ge 6.21\times 10^{-11}$ s/eV. Additionally, if nature prefers ${\nu }_3$ to be unstable and the decay width is ${\tau }_3/m_3=2.2\times 10^{-11}$ s/eV, this combination can exclude the no-decay scenario at more than 5$\sigma$ C.L. Although the CP sensitivity is not much hindered in the presence of invisible neutrino decay, the measurements of ${\theta }_{23}$ and the ability to resolve octant of ${\theta }_{23}$ is significantly influenced in these individual experiments. In the presence of invisible neutrino decay, the synergy between DUNE and T2HKK can exclude the wrong octant somewhat more effectively than either experiment alone.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·6 citations
16. 16*

    Renormalization of beta decay at three loops and beyond

    Kaushik Borah🇺🇸 · Richard J. Hill🇺🇸 · Ryan Plestid🇺🇸

    The anomalous dimension for heavy-heavy-light effective theory operators describing nuclear beta decay is computed through three-loop order in the static limit. The result at order $Z^2{\alpha }^3$ corrects a previous result in the literature. An all-orders symmetry is shown to relate the anomalous dimensions at leading and subleading powers of $Z$ at a given order of $\alpha$. The first unknown coefficient for the anomalous dimension now appears at $O(Z^2{\alpha }^4)$.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·16 citations
17. 17*

    Boosting Neutrino Mass Ordering Sensitivity with Inelasticity for Atmospheric Neutrino Oscillation Measurement

    Santiago Giner Olavarrieta🇺🇸 · Miaochen Jin🇺🇸 · Carlos A. Argüelles🇺🇸 · Pablo Fernández🇪🇸 · Ivan Martínez-Soler🇬🇧

    In this letter, we study the potential of boosting the atmospheric neutrino experiments sensitivity to the neutrino mass ordering (NMO) sensitivity by incorporating inelasticity measurements. We show how this observable improves the sensitivity to the NMO and the precision of other neutrino oscillation parameters relevant to atmospheric neutrinos, specifically in the IceCube-Upgrade and KM3NeT-ORCA detectors. Our results indicate that an oscillation analysis of atmospheric neutrinos including inelasticity information has the potential to enhance the ordering discrimination by several units of ${\chi }^2$ in the assumed scenario of 5 and 3 years of running of IceCube-Upgrade and KM3NeT-ORCA detectors, respectively.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·7 citations
18. 18*

    Dark Radiation Isocurvature from Cosmological Phase Transitions

    Matthew R. Buckley🇺🇸 · Peizhi Du🇺🇸 · Nicolas Fernandez🇺🇸 · Mitchell J. Weikert🇺🇸

    Cosmological first order phase transitions are typically associated with physics beyond the Standard Model, and thus of great theoretical and observational interest. Models of phase transitions where the energy is mostly converted to dark radiation can be constrained through limits on the dark radiation energy density (parameterized by $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$). However, the current constraint ($\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}<0.3$) assumes the perturbations are adiabatic. We point out that a broad class of non-thermal first order phase transitions that start during inflation but do not complete until after reheating leave a distinct imprint in the scalar field from bubble nucleation. Dark radiation inherits the perturbation from the scalar field when the phase transition completes, leading to large-scale isocurvature that would be observable in the CMB. We perform a detailed calculation of the isocurvature power spectrum and derive constraints on $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ based on CMB+BAO data. For a reheating temperature of $T_{\mathrm{rh}}$ and a nucleation temperature $T_{\ast }$, the constraint is approximately $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}\lesssim 10^{-5}(T_{\ast }/T_{\mathrm{rh}}{)}^{-4}$, which can be much stronger than the adiabatic result. We also point out that since perturbations of dark radiation have a non-Gaussian origin, searches for non-Gaussianity in the CMB could place a stringent bound on $\Delta N_{\mathrm{eff}}$ as well.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·25 citations
19. 19*

    Numerical Challenges in Modeling Gravothermal Collapse in Self-Interacting Dark Matter Halos

    Igor Palubski🇺🇸 · Oren Slone🇺🇸 · Manoj Kaplinghat🇺🇸 · Mariangela Lisanti🇺🇸 · Fangzhou Jiang🇨🇳

    When dark matter has a large cross section for self scattering, halos can undergo a process known as gravothermal core collapse, where the inner core rapidly increases in density and temperature. To date, several methods have been used to implement Self-Interacting Dark Matter~(SIDM) in N-body codes, but there has been no systematic study of these different methods or their accuracy in the core-collapse phase. In this paper, we compare three different numerical implementations of SIDM, including the standard methods from the GIZMO and Arepo codes, by simulating idealized dwarf halos undergoing significant dark matter self interactions ($\sigma /m=50$~cm${}^2$/g). When simulating these halos, we also vary the mass resolution, time-stepping criteria, and gravitational force-softening scheme. The various SIDM methods lead to distinct differences in a halo's evolution during the core-collapse phase, as each results in spurious scattering rate differences and energy gains/losses. The use of adaptive force softening for gravity can lead to numerical heating that artificially accelerates core collapse, while an insufficiently small simulation time step can cause core evolution to stall or completely reverse. Additionally, particle numbers must be large enough to ensure that the simulated halos are not sensitive to noise in the initial conditions. Even for the highest-resolution simulations tested in this study ($10^6$ particles per halo), we find that variations of order $10\%$ in collapse time are still present. The results of this work underscore the sensitivity of SIDM modeling on the choice of numerical implementation and motivate a careful study of how these results generalize to halos in a cosmological context.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phJCAP(2024)·36 citations
20. 20*

    A measurement of the sodium and iodine scintillation quenching factors across multiple NaI(Tl) detectors to identify systematics

    D. Cintas🇪🇸 · S. Hedges🇺🇸 · W. G. Thompson🇺🇸 · P. An🇺🇸 · C. Awe🇺🇸 · P. S. Barbeau🇺🇸 · E. Barbosa de Souza🇺🇸 · J. H. Jo🇺🇸 · L. Li🇺🇸 · M. Martínez🇪🇸 · R. H. Maruyama🇺🇸 · G. C. Rich🇺🇸 · R. Runge🇺🇸 · M. L. Sarsa🇪🇸

    The amount of light produced by nuclear recoils in scintillating targets is strongly quenched compared to that produced by electrons. A precise understanding of the quenching factor is particularly interesting for WIMP searches and CE{\nu}NS measurements since both rely on nuclear recoils, whereas energy calibrations are more readily accessible from electron recoils. There is a wide variation among the current measurements of the quenching factor in sodium iodide (NaI) crystals, especially below 10 keV, the energy region of interest for dark matter and CE{\nu}NS studies. A better understanding of the quenching factor in NaI(Tl) is of particular interest for resolving the decades-old puzzle in the field of dark matter between the null results of most WIMP searches and the claim for dark matter detection by the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration. In this work, we measured sodium and iodine quenching factors for five small NaI(Tl) crystals grown with similar thallium concentrations and growth procedures. Unlike previous experiments, multiple crystals were tested, with measurements made in the same experimental setup to control systematic effects. The quenching factors agree in all crystals we investigated, and both sodium and iodine quenching factors are smaller than those reported by DAMA/LIBRA. The dominant systematic effect was due to the electron equivalent energy calibration originating from the non-proportional behavior of the NaI(Tl) light yield at lower energies, potentially the cause for the discrepancies among the previous measurements.

    ↳ hep-exastro-ph.COastro-ph.IMhep-ph+1PRC(2024)·20 citations
21. 21*

    The influence of hadronic rescatterings on the net-baryon number fluctuations

    Qian Chen🇨🇳 · Rui Wen🇨🇳 · Shi Yin🇩🇪 · Wei-jie Fu🇨🇳 · Zi-Wei Lin🇺🇸 · Guo-Liang Ma🇨🇳

    Fluctuations of conserved charges, such as the net-baryon number fluctuations, are influenced by different dynamical evolution processes. In this paper, we investigate the influence of hadronic rescatterings on different orders of cumulants of the net-baryon number distribution. At the start of hadronic rescatterings, we introduce net-baryon number distributions reconstructed based on net-baryon cumulants of different orders obtained from computation in functional renormalization group (FRG), where the distributions were constructed using the maximum entropy method. This way we introduce the critical fluctuations of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) into the AMPT model. Firstly, we find that hadronic rescatterings have distinct effects on cumulant ratios of different orders for the net-baryon number. Secondly, we observe that the effect of hadronic rescatterings is more significant for critical fluctuations than dynamical fluctuations, because the two-, three- and four-particle correlation functions due to critical fluctuations are weakened more significantly by hadronic rescatterings.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-ex5 citations
22. 22*

    Extensive search for axion dark matter over 1\,GHz with CAPP's Main Axion eXperiment

    Saebyeok Ahn · JinMyeong Kim · Boris I. Ivanov🇰🇷 · Ohjoon Kwon🇰🇷 · HeeSu Byun🇰🇷 · Arjan F. van Loo🇯🇵 · SeongTae Par · Junu Jeong🇰🇷 · Soohyung Lee · Jinsu Kim · Çağlar Kutlu🇰🇷 · Andrew K. Yi🇰🇷 and 24 other authors

    We report an extensive high-sensitivity search for axion dark matter above 1\,GHz at the Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research (CAPP). The cavity resonant search, exploiting the coupling between axions and photons, explored the frequency (mass) range of 1.025\,GHz (4.24\,$\mu$eV) to 1.185\,GHz (4.91\,$\mu$eV). We have introduced a number of innovations in this field, demonstrating the practical approach of optimizing all the relevant parameters of axion haloscopes, extending presently available technology. The CAPP 12\,T magnet with an aperture of 320\,mm made of Nb${}_3$Sn and NbTi superconductors surrounding a 37-liter ultralight-weight copper cavity is expected to convert DFSZ axions into approximately $10^2$ microwave photons per second. A powerful dilution refrigerator, capable of keeping the core system below 40\,mK, combined with quantum-noise limited readout electronics, achieved a total system noise of about 200\,mK or below, which corresponds to a background of roughly $4\times 10^3$ photons per second within the axion bandwidth. The combination of all those improvements provides unprecedented search performance, imposing the most stringent exclusion limits on axion--photon coupling in this frequency range to date. These results also suggest an experimental capability suitable for highly-sensitive searches for axion dark matter above 1\,GHz.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRX(2024)·113 citations
23. 23*

    Proton and Neutron Induced SEU Cross Section Modeling and Simulation: A Unified Analytical Approach

    Gennady I. Zebrev · Nikolay N. Samotaev · Rustem G. Useinov · Artur M. Galimov · Vladimir V. Emeliyanov · Artyom A. Sharapov · Dmitri A. Kazyakin · Alexander S. Rodin

    A new physics-based compact model, which makes it possible to simulate in a unified way the neutron and proton of cosmic ray induced SEU cross sections, including effects from nuclear reaction products and from direct ionization by low-energy protons, has been proposed and vali-dated. The proposed approach is analytical and based on explicit analytical relationships and approximations with physics-based fitting parameters. GEANT4 or SRIM numerical calculations can be used as an aid to adjust or refine the phenomenological parameters or functions included in the model taking into account real geometrical configurations and chemical compositions of the devices. In particular, explicit energy dependencies of the soft error cross sections for protons and neutrons over a wide range of nucleon energies were obtained and validated. Main application areas of developed model include space physics, accelerator studies high energy physics and nuclear experiments.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phphysics.ins-detphysics.space-phRadiation, 2024, Vol. 4(1), pp. 37-49·1 citation
24. 24*

    Lüscher equation with long-range forces

    Rishabh Bubna🇩🇪 · Hans-Werner Hammer🇩🇪 · Fabian Müller🇩🇪 · Jin-Yi Pang🇨🇳 · Akaki Rusetsky🇩🇪 · Jia-Jun Wu🇨🇳

    We derive the modified Lüscher equation in the presence of the long-range force caused by the exchange of a light particle. It is shown that the use of this equation enables one to circumvent the problems related to the strong partial-wave mixing and the t-channel sub-threshold singularities. It is also demonstrated that the present method is intrinsically linked to the so-called modified effective-range expansion (MERE) in the infinite volume. A detailed comparison with the two recently proposed alternative approaches is provided.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thJHEP(2024)·43 citations
25. 25*

    Sharpening the dark matter signature in gravitational waveforms I: Accretion and eccentricity evolution

    Theophanes K. Karydas🇳🇱 · Bradley J. Kavanagh🇪🇸 · Gianfranco Bertone🇳🇱

    Dark matter overdensities around black holes can alter the dynamical evolution of a companion object orbiting around it, and cause a dephasing of the gravitational waveform. Here, we present a refined calculation of the co-evolution of the binary and the dark matter distribution, taking into account the accretion of dark matter particles on the companion black hole, and generalizing previous quasi-circular calculations to the general case of eccentric orbits. These calculations are validated by dedicated N-body simulations. We show that accretion can lead to a large dephasing, and therefore cannot be neglected in general. We also demonstrate that dark matter spikes tend to circularize eccentric orbits faster than previously thought.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2025)·52 citations
26. 26*

    Causal and Stable Relativistic Hydrodynamic Fluctuations

    Nicki Mullins🇺🇸 · Mauricio Hippert🇺🇸 · Jorge Noronha🇺🇸 · Lorenzo Gavassino🇺🇸

    When two nuclei collide close to the speed of light, a fluid state known as the quark-gluon plasma is formed. Attempts to understand the dynamics of this fluid have generated significant research into dissipative relativistic fluid dynamics. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem implies that any dissipative dynamical system will also experience thermal fluctuations; however, such fluctuations are not typically included in the modeling of the quark-gluon plasma. This work discusses a new method of determining whether a hydrodynamic framework is consistent with thermal fluctuations. We develop a new method for calculating the noise correlator of relativistic hydrodynamic systems and apply it to Israel-Stewart theory in a general hydrodynamic frame.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
27. 27*

    Assessing Correlated Truncation Errors in Modern Nucleon-Nucleon Potentials

    P. J. Millican🇺🇸 · R. J. Furnstahl🇺🇸 · J. A. Melendez🇺🇸 · D. R. Phillips🇺🇸 · M. T. Pratola🇺🇸

    We test the BUQEYE model of correlated effective field theory (EFT) truncation errors on Reinert, Krebs, and Epelbaum's semi-local momentum-space implementation of the chiral EFT ($\chi$EFT) expansion of the nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential. This Bayesian model hypothesizes that dimensionless coefficient functions extracted from the order-by-order corrections to NN observables can be treated as draws from a Gaussian process (GP). We combine a variety of graphical and statistical diagnostics to assess when predicted observables have a $\chi$EFT convergence pattern consistent with the hypothesized GP statistical model. Our conclusions are: First, the BUQEYE model is generally applicable to the potential investigated here, which enables statistically principled estimates of the impact of higher EFT orders on observables. Second, parameters defining the extracted coefficients such as the expansion parameter $Q$ must be well chosen for the coefficients to exhibit a regular convergence pattern -- a property we exploit to obtain posterior distributions for such quantities. Third, the assumption of GP stationarity across lab energy and scattering angle is not generally met; this necessitates adjustments in future work. We provide a workflow and interpretive guide for our analysis framework, and show what can be inferred about probability distributions for $Q$, the EFT breakdown scale ${\Lambda }_b$, the scale associated with soft physics in the $\chi$EFT potential $m_{\mathrm{eff}}$, and the GP hyperparameters. All our results can be reproduced using a publicly available Jupyter notebook, which can be straightforwardly modified to analyze other $\chi$EFT NN potentials.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phphysics.data-anPRC(2024)·15 citations
28. 28*

    Full-shape analysis with simulation-based priors: constraints on single field inflation from BOSS

    Mikhail M. Ivanov🇺🇸 · Carolina Cuesta-Lazaro🇺🇸 · Siddharth Mishra-Sharma🇺🇸 · Andrej Obuljen🇨🇭 · Michael W. Toomey🇺🇸

    Perturbative, or effective field theory (EFT)-based, full-shape analyses of galaxy clustering data involve ``nuisance parameters'' to capture various observational effects such as the galaxy-dark matter connection (galaxy bias). We present an efficient approach to set informative physically motivated priors on these parameters. We extract these priors from simulated galaxy catalogs based on halo occupation distribution (HOD) models. First, we build a joint distribution between EFT galaxy bias and HOD parameters from a set of 10,500 HOD mock catalogs. We use the field level EFT technique that allows for cosmic variance cancellation, enabling a precision calibration of EFT parameters from computationally inexpensive small-volume simulations. Second, we use neural density estimators -- normalizing flows -- to model the marginal probability density of the EFT parameters, which can be used as a prior distribution in full shape analyses. As a first application, we use our HOD-based priors in a new analysis of galaxy power spectra and bispectra from the BOSS survey in the context of single field primordial non-Gaussianity. We find that our priors lead to a reduction of the posterior volume of bias parameters by an order of magnitude. We also find $f_{\mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{equil}}=320\pm 300$ and $f_{\mathrm{NL}}^{\mathrm{ortho}}=100\pm 130$ (at 68\% CL) in a combined two-template analysis, representing a $\approx 40\%$ improvement in constraints on single field primordial non-Gaussianity, equivalent to doubling the survey volume.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·74 citations
29. 29*

    Neutrino Rate Predictions for FASER

    FASER Collaboration: Roshan Mammen Abraham🇺🇸 · John Anders🇨🇭 · Claire Antel🇨🇭 · Akitaka Ariga🇨🇭 · Tomoko Ariga🇯🇵 · Jeremy Atkinson🇨🇭 · Florian U. Bernlochner🇩🇪 · Tobias Boeckh🇩🇪 · Jamie Boyd🇨🇭 · Lydia Brenner🇳🇱 · Angela Burger🇨🇭 · Franck Cadoux🇨🇭 and 87 other authors

    The Forward Search Experiment (FASER) at CERN's Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has recently directly detected the first collider neutrinos. Neutrinos play an important role in all FASER analyses, either as signal or background, and it is therefore essential to understand the neutrino event rates. In this study, we update previous simulations and present prescriptions for theoretical predictions of neutrino fluxes and cross sections, together with their associated uncertainties. With these results, we discuss the potential for possible measurements that could be carried out in the coming years with the FASER neutrino data to be collected in LHC Run 3 and Run 4.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPRD(2024)·44 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.