Tue·Feb 13, 2024Tuesday·February 13, 2024

1. 01*

   Flavor Factorization at Two-Loops

   Andrew J. Larkoski🇺🇸

   Recently, a factorization theorem was proposed for partonic flavor evolution as defined by the net flavor of the Winner-Take-All axis of a jet. We validate the factorization theorem through explicit calculation at two-loop order, and in the process extract all anomalous dimensions and renormalization factors for any ultraviolet-to-infrared flavor transition at this order. These results can then be used to extract the renormalized hard function for flavored jet production at next-to-next-to-leading order for any process of interest.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thEPJC(2024)·2 citations
2. 02*

   Bosenovae with Quadratically-Coupled Scalars in Quantum Sensing Experiments

   Jason Arakawa🇺🇸 · Muhammad H. Zaheer🇺🇸 · Joshua Eby🇸🇪 · Volodymyr Takhistov🇯🇵 · Marianna S. Safronova🇺🇸

   Ultralight dark matter (ULDM) particles of mass $m_{\varphi }\lesssim 1\mathrm{eV}$ can form boson stars in DM halos. Collapse of boson stars leads to explosive bosenova emission of copious relativistic ULDM particles. In this work, we analyze sensitivity of terrestrial and space-based experiments to detect such relativistic scalar ULDM particles interacting through quadratic couplings with Standard Model constituents, including electrons, photons and gluons. We highlight key differences with searches for linear ULDM couplings. Screening of ULDM with quadratic couplings near the surface of the Earth can significantly impact observations in terrestrial experiments, motivating future space-based experiments. We demonstrate excellent ULDM discovery prospects, especially for quantum sensors, which can probe quadratic couplings orders below existing constraints by detecting bosenova events in the ULDM mass range $10^{-23}\mathrm{eV}\lesssim m_{\varphi }\lesssim 10^{-5}\mathrm{eV}$. We also report updated constraints on quadratic couplings of ULDM in case it comprises cold DM.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEphysics.atom-phJHEP(2024)·14 citations
3. 03*

   Higgs boson off-shell measurements probe non-linearities

   Anisha🇬🇧 · Christoph Englert🇬🇧 · Roman Kogler🇩🇪 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧

   The measurements of off-shell Higgs boson contributions in massive gauge boson pair production are known to probe its electroweak interactions across different energy scales. Often employed as an estimator of the Higgs boson width in restricted theories of beyond the Standard Model physics, we revisit this measurement and re-advertise its potential to constrain aspects of Higgs boson non-linearity. We show that this so-called off-shell measurement complements related analyses of multi-Higgs final states.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·12 citations
4. 04*

   Linear response theory for light dark matter-electron scattering in materials

   Riccardo Catena🇸🇪 · Nicola Spaldin🇨🇭

   We combine the non-relativistic effective theory of dark matter (DM) - electron interactions with linear response theory to obtain a formalism that fully accounts for screening and collective excitations in DM-induced electronic transition rate calculations for general DM-electron interactions. In the same way that the response of a dielectric material to an external electric field in electrodynamics is described by the dielectric function, so in our formalism the response of a detector material to a DM perturbation is described by a set of generalised susceptibilities which can be directly related to densities and currents arising from the non-relativistic expansion of the Dirac Hamiltonian. We apply our formalism to assess the sensitivity of non-spin-polarised detectors, and find that in-medium effects significantly affect the experimental sensitivity if DM couples to the detector's electron density, while being decoupled from other densities and currents. Our formalism can be straightforwardly extended to the case of spin-polarised materials.

   hep-phastro-ph.COPRResearch(2024)·24 citations
5. 05*

   Investigating the M1 radiative decay behaviors and the magnetic moments of the predicted triple-charm molecular-type pentaquarks

   Bao-Jun Lai🇨🇳 · Fu-Lai Wang🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

   In this work, we systematically study the electromagnetic properties including the M1 radiative decay widths and the magnetic moments of the isoscalar ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}^{(\ast )}$, ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}_1$, and ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}_2^{\ast }$ triple-charm molecular-type pentaquark candidates, where we adopt the constituent quark model and consider both the $S$-$D$ wave mixing effect and the coupled channel effect. Our numerical results suggest that the M1 radiative decay widths and the magnetic moments of the isoscalar ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}^{(\ast )}$, ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}_1$, and ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}_2^{\ast }$ triple-charm molecular-type pentaquark candidates can reflect their inner structures, and the study of the electromagnetic properties is the important step to construct the family of the triple-charm molecular-type pentaquarks. With the accumulation of the experimental data during the high-luminosity phase of LHC, we expect that the present work combined with the corresponding mass spectrum information can encourage the experimental colleagues at LHCb to focus on the isoscalar ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}^{(\ast )}$, ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}_1$, and ${\Xi }_{cc}{D}_2^{\ast }$ triple-charm molecular-type pentaquark candidates.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·12 citations
6. 06*

   Exploring the detection of AQNs in large liquid detectors

   Ionel Lazanu🇷🇴 · Mihaela Parvu🇷🇴

   Recent work from the last years has raised the possibility that a portion of Dark Matter could consist of exotic particles, such as axion (anti)quark nuggets (AQN, A\bar{Q}N). After a brief review outlining the main features of axion antiquark nuggets, we explore potential experimental signatures that can be leveraged to search for these stable supermassive particles in future surface and underground experiments using large liquid detectors. These expected signals are discussed in relation to the specific characteristics of each detection system.

   hep-phphysics.ins-detJCAP(2024)·4 citations
7. 07*

   Entropy and Heat Capacity of the transverse momentum distribution for pp collisions at RHIC and LHC energies

   D. Rosales Herrera🇲🇽 · J. R. Alvarado García🇲🇽 · A. Fernández Téllez🇲🇽 · J. E. Ramírez🇲🇽 · C. Pajares🇪🇸

   We investigate the transverse momentum distribution (TMD) statistics from three different theoretical approaches. In particular, we explore the framework used for string models, wherein the particle production is given by the Schwinger mechanism. The thermal distribution arises from the Gaussian fluctuations of the string tension. The hard part of the TMD can be reproduced by considering heavy tailed string tension fluctuations, for instance, the Tsallis $q$-Gaussian function, giving rise to a confluent hypergeometric function that fits the entire experimental TMD data. We also discuss the QCD-based Hagerdon function, another family of fitting functions frequently used to describe the spectrum. We analyze the experimental data of minimum bias pp collisions reported by the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments (from $\sqrt{s}=0.2$ TeV to $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV). We extracted the corresponding temperature by studying the behavior of the spectra at low transverse momentum values. For the three approaches, we compute all moments, highlighting the average, variance, and kurtosis. Finally, we compute the Shannon entropy and the heat capacity through the entropy derivative with respect to the temperature. We found that the $q$-Gaussian string tension fluctuations lead to a monotonically increasing heat capacity as a function of the center of mass energy, which is also observed for the Hagedorn fitting function. This behavior is consistent with the experimental observation that the temperature slowly rises with increments of the collision energy.

   hep-phcond-mat.stat-mechPRC(2024)·14 citations
8. 08*

   Study on the $\varphi$-meson photoproduction off the proton target with the pentaquark-like $K^{\ast }\Sigma$ bound state $P_s$

   Sang in Shim🇯🇵 · Yongsun Kim🇰🇷 · Seung-il Nam🇰🇷

   We utilize the effective Lagrangian method within the tree-level Born approximation to explore $\varphi$-meson photoproduction, i.e., $\gamma p\to \varphi p$. Our analysis encompasses contributions from various sources, including the Pomeron, $f_1$-Regge, pseudoscalar particles ($\pi$, $\eta$), scalar particles ($a_0$, $f_0$), protons, and three-nucleon resonance states. In addition, we consider a possible pentaquark-like $K^{\ast }\Sigma$-bound state $P_s$. The findings indicate that, apart from the region near the threshold, contributions other than the Pomeron generally have a limited impact on the total cross section. However, at specific angles, alternative contributions become crucial, particularly at smaller values of $\cos \theta$. The incorporation of $P_s$ and other nucleon resonances proves essential to elucidate the bump observed near $W\sim 2.15$ GeV at very forward angles and behaviors within the range of $W=(2.0-2.3)$ GeV. Furthermore, in the region with $W\ge 2.5$ GeV, where nucleon resonances become negligible, contributions from the t-channel mesons become pivotal. Our calculations for spin density matrix components, examined in various frames, exhibit improvement when considering all contributions. This comprehensive approach successfully reproduces the observed bump by including $P_s$. We also briefly estimate the $P_s$ production via $\varphi$-meson photoproduction in the future Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), resulting in the luminosity of 10 fb${}^{-1}$ per month.

   hep-phnucl-thMod.Phys.Lett.A(2024)·4 citations
9. 09*

   Efficient reduction of Feynman integrals on supercomputers

   A.V. Belitsky🇺🇸 · A.A. Kokosinskaya🇷🇺 · A.V. Smirnov🇷🇺 · V.V. Voevodin🇷🇺 · M. Zeng🇬🇧

   Feynman integral reduction by means of integration-by-parts identities is a major power gadget in a theorist toolbox indispensable for calculation of multiloop quantum effects relevant for particle phenomenology and formal theory alike. An algorithmic approach consists of solving a large sparse non-square system of homogeneous linear equations with polynomial coefficients. While an analytical way of doing this is legitimate and was pursued for decades, it undoubtedly has its limitations when applied in complicated circumstances. Thus, a complementary framework based on modular arithmetic becomes critical on the way to conquer the current `what is possible' frontier. This calls for use of supercomputers to address the reduction problem. In order to properly utilize these computational resources, one has to efficiently optimize the technique for this purpose. Presently, we discuss and implement various methods which allow us to significantly improve performance of Feynman integral reduction within the FIRE environment.

   hep-phLobachevskii J.Math.(2024)·3 citations
10. 10*

    Constraining CP violating nucleon-nucleon long range interactions in diatomic eEDM searches

    Chaja Baruch🇮🇱 · P. Bryan Changala🇺🇸 · Yuval Shagam🇮🇱 · Yotam Soreq🇮🇱

    The searches for CP violating effects in diatomic molecules, such as ${\text{HfF}}^{+}$ and ThO, are typically interpreted as a probe of the electron's electric dipole moment ($e\text{EDM}$), a new electron-nucleon interaction, and a new electron-electron interaction. However, in the case of a nonvanishing nuclear spin, a new CP violating nucleon-nucleon long range force will also affect the measurement. Here, we use the ${\text{HfF}}^{+}$ $e\text{EDM}$ search and derive a new bound on this hypothetical interaction, which is the most stringent from terrestrial experiments in the 1 eV-10 keV mass range. These multiple new physics sources motivate independent searches in different molecular species for CP violation at low energy that result in model independent bounds, which are insensitive to cancellation among them.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.atom-phPRL(2024)·9 citations
11. 11*

    ${\mathcal{R}}^2$ curvature-squared corrections on Langevin diffusion coefficients

    Qi Zhou🇨🇳 · Ben-Wei Zhang🇨🇳

    The effect of finite coupling corrections to the Langevin diffusion coefficients on a moving heavy quark in the Super Yang-Mills plasma is investigated. These corrections are related to curvature squared corrections in the corresponding gravity sector. We compare the results of both longitudinal and perpendicular Langevin diffusion coefficients with those in $\mathcal{N}$=4 Super Yang-Mills plasma. It is observed that the curvature-squared corrections influence the Langevin diffusion coefficients, and the corrections for both Langevin diffusion coefficients demonstrate the dependence on the velocity of the moving heavy quark and the specifics of the higher derivative correction. In addition, we conduct calculations for the Langevin diffusion coefficients of a moving heavy quark within the Gauss-Bonnet background.

    hep-phCPC(2025)·4 citations
12. 12*

    Nucleon electric and magnetic polarizabilities in Holographic QCD

    Federico Castellani🇮🇹

    We analyze the resonance contributions to the generalized Baldin sum rule, namely the sum of the generalized electric and magnetic nucleon polarizabilities ${\alpha }_E(Q^2)$ and ${\beta }_M(Q^2)$, within the Holographic QCD model by Witten, Sakai, and Sugimoto (WSS). In particular, we account for the contributions from the first low-lying nucleon resonances with spin 1/2 and 3/2 and both parities. After having extrapolated the WSS model parameters to fit experimental data on baryonic observables, we compare our findings with alternative predictions in literature, finding a qualitative agreement with all of them. Moreover, at least for the proton case, where data are available, our results are in qualitative accordance with resonance contributions extracted from experimental nucleon-resonance helicity amplitudes.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2024)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Hadronic light-by-light scattering contributions to $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$ from axial-vector and tensor mesons in the holographic soft-wall model

    Pietro Colangelo🇮🇹 · Floriana Giannuzzi🇮🇹 · Stefano Nicotri🇮🇹

    We compute the light axial-vector and tensor meson two-photon transition form factors in the soft-wall holographic model of QCD in the flavor-symmetric case. They are used to evaluate the axial-vector and tensor meson contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon via the hadronic light-by-light scattering process. As expected, these contributions are smaller than the one from pseudoscalar mesons. The result for axial-vector mesons is higher than the value found in other approaches.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·24 citations
14. 14*

    Magnetized strangelets with anomalous magnetic moment and Coulomb interactions

    Huai-Min Chen🇨🇳 · Xiao-Wei Li🇨🇳 · Cheng-Jun Xia🇨🇳 · Jing-Tao Wang🇨🇳 · Guang-Xiong Peng🇨🇳

    We study the magnetized strangelets in the baryon density-dependent quark mass model, including the effects of both confinement and lead-order perturbation interactions. The properties of magnetized strangelets are investigated under the the field strength 2*10^17 G, where the anisotropy caused by the strong magnetic field is insignificant can be treated approximately as an isotropic system. The consideration of anomalous magnetic moments in the energy spectrum naturally solves the difficulty of infrared divergence encountered in integrating the density of states. The Coulomb interaction is accounted for a self-consistent treatment. The energy per baryon, mechanically stable radius, strangeness and electric charge of magnetized strangelets are presented, where their dependence on the field strength and parameter of confinement and perturbation are investigated.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·1 citation
15. 15*

    Combining Evolutionary Strategies and Novelty Detection to go Beyond the Alignment Limit of the $Z_3$ 3HDM

    Jorge Crispim Romão🇵🇹 · Miguel Crispim Romão🇵🇹

    We present a novel Artificial Intelligence approach for Beyond the Standard Model parameter space scans by augmenting an Evolutionary Strategy with Novelty Detection. Our approach leverages the power of Evolutionary Strategies, previously shown to quickly converge to the valid regions of the parameter space, with a \emph{novelty reward} to continue exploration once converged. Taking the $Z_3$ 3HDM as our Physics case, we show how our methodology allows us to quickly explore highly constrained multidimensional parameter spaces, providing up to eight orders of magnitude higher sampling efficiency when compared with pure random sampling and up to four orders of magnitude when compared to random sampling around the alignment limit. In turn, this enables us to explore regions of the parameter space that have been hitherto overlooked, leading to the possibility of novel phenomenological realisations of the $Z_3$ 3HDM that had not been considered before.

    hep-phphysics.comp-phphysics.data-anPRD(2024)·23 citations
16. 16*

    $\sigma (500)$ resonance pole positions as function of $m_{\pi }$: analysis with a unitary coupled-channel model

    George Rupp🇵🇹

    Resonance pole positions of the $f_0(500)$ alias $\sigma (500)$ meson are computed and plotted as a continuous function of pion mass in the framework of a unitary and analytic coupled-channel model for scalar mesons as dynamical $q\bar{q}$ states. The $\sigma$ is described with a light and a strange $q\bar{q}$ seed, mixing with each other mainly through the common $\pi \pi$, $K\bar{K}$, and $\eta \eta$ meson-meson channels. The few model parameters are fitted to experimental $S$-wave $\pi \pi$ phase shifts up to 1 GeV, yielding, in the case of the physical pion mass, resonance poles at $(460-i222)$ MeV for the $\sigma (500)$ and $(978-i37)$ MeV for the $f_0(980)$. Resonance, bound-state, and virtual-state pole trajectories are shown as a function of $m_{\pi }$ running from 139.57 MeV to 1 GeV. These are compared to recent lattice QCD computations that use interpolating fields corresponding to the model's channels, i.e., for a few discrete $m_{\pi }$values.

    hep-phhep-latActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2024)·0 citations
17. 17*

    Relativistic corrections to prompt double charmonium hadroproduction near threshold

    Zhi-Guo He🇨🇳 · Xiao-Bo Jin🇨🇳 · Bernd A. Kniehl🇩🇪

    We calculate the relativistic corrections to prompt $J/\psi$ pair and $J/\psi +\psi (2S)$ hadroproduction through the color-singlet channel within the framework of nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization. The short-distance coefficients are obtained by matching full-QCD and NRQCD calculations at the partonic level, in which both squared amplitude and phase space are expanded in $v^2$. We find that such an expansion of the phase space spoils the convergence of NRQCD factorization near the production threshold. To fix this problem, we propose to modify the matching between full QCD and NRQCD by adopting the physical phase space. In this modified approach, the theoretical uncertainties due to the choice of charm quark mass $m_c$ are largely reduced and the overall agreement of our predictions with LHC data is significantly improved, both as for total and differential cross sections.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·8 citations
18. 18*

    Quarkonia dissociation at finite magnetic field in the presence of momentum anisotropy

    Indrani Nilima🇮🇳 · Mujeeb Hasan🇮🇳 · B. K. Singh🇮🇳 · Mohammad Yousuf Jamal🇮🇳

    In this study, we investigate the potential of heavy quarkonia within a magnetized hot QGP medium having finite momentum anisotropy. The phenomenon of inverse magnetic catalysis is introduced into the system, influencing the magnetic field-modified Debye mass and thereby altering the effective quark masses. Concurrently, the impact of momentum anisotropy in the medium is considered that influence the particle distribution in the medium. The thermal decay width and dissociation temperature of quarkonium states, specifically the 1S and 2S states of charmonium and bottomonium, are computed. Our results reveal that both momentum anisotropy and the inverse magnetic catalysis effects play a significant role in modifying the thermal decay width and dissociation temperature of these heavy quarkonia states.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJC(2024)·8 citations
19. 19*

    Jet Suppression and Azimuthal Anisotropy from RHIC to LHC

    Yacine Mehtar-Tani🇺🇸 · Daniel Pablos🇪🇸 · Konrad Tywoniuk🇳🇴

    Azimuthal anisotropies of high-$p_T$ particles produced in heavy-ion collisions are understood as an effect of a geometrical selection bias. Particles oriented in the direction in which the QCD medium formed in these collisions is shorter, suffer less energy loss, and thus, are over-represented in the final ensemble compared to those oriented in the direction in which the medium is longer. In this work we present the first semi-analytical predictions, including propagation through a realistic, hydrodynamical background, of the azimuthal anisotropies for jets, obtaining a quantitative agreement with available experimental data as function of the jet $p_T$, its cone size $R$ and the collisions centrality. Jets are multi-partonic, extended objects and their energy loss is sensitive to substructure fluctuations. This is determined by the physics of color coherence that relates to the ability of the medium to resolve those partonic fluctuations. Namely, color dipoles whose angle is smaller than a critical angle, ${\theta }_c$, are not resolved by the medium and they effectively act as a coherent source of energy loss. We find that jet azimuthal anisotropies have a specially strong dependence on coherence physics due to the marked length-dependence of ${\theta }_c$. By combining our predictions for the collision systems and center of mass energies studied at RHIC and the LHC, covering a wide range of typical values of ${\theta }_c$, we show that the relative size of jet azimuthal anisotropies for jets with different cone-sizes $R$ follow a universal trend that indicates a transition from a coherent regime of jet quenching to a decoherent regime. These results suggest a way forward to reveal the role played by the physics of jet color decoherence in probing deconfined QCD matter.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·39 citations
20. 20*

    Quantum entanglement and Bell inequality violation at colliders

    Alan J. Barr🇬🇧 · Marco Fabbrichesi🇮🇹 · Roberto Floreanini🇮🇹 · Emidio Gabrielli🇮🇹 · Luca Marzola🇪🇪

    The study of entanglement in particle physics has been gathering pace in the past few years. It is a new field that is providing important results about the possibility of detecting entanglement and testing Bell inequality at colliders for final states as diverse as top-quark, $\tau$-lepton pairs and $\Lambda$-baryons, massive gauge bosons and vector mesons. In this review, after presenting definitions, tools and basic results that are necessary for understanding these developments, we summarize the main findings -- as published by the beginning of year 2024 -- including analyses of experimental data in $B$ meson decays and top-quark pair production. We include a detailed discussion of the results for both qubit and qutrits systems, that is, final states containing spin one-half and spin one particles. Entanglement has also been proposed as a new tool to constrain new particles and fields beyond the Standard Model and we introduce the reader to this promising feature as well.

    hep-phhep-exquant-phPPNP(2024)·161 citations
21. 21*

    Dispelling the $\sqrt{L}$ myth for the High-Luminosity LHC

    Alberto Belvedere🇩🇪 · Christoph Englert🇬🇧 · Roman Kogler🇩🇪 · Michael Spannowsky🇬🇧

    Extrapolations of sensitivity to new interactions and standard model parameters critically inform the programme at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and potential future collider cases. To this end, statistical considerations based on inclusive quantities and established analysis strategies typically give rise to a sensitivity scaling with the square root of the luminosity, $\sqrt{L}$. This suggests only a mild sensitivity improvement for LHC's high-luminosity phase, compared to the collected data up to the year 2025. We discuss representative analyses in top quark, Higgs boson and electroweak gauge boson phenomenology and provide clear evidence that the assumption that the sensitivity in searches and measurement scales only with $\sqrt{L}$ at the High-Luminosity LHC is overly conservative at best, and unrealistic in practice. As kinematic coverage enables more targeted search strategies with sufficient statistical sensitivity, employing a multitude of features in data dispels the scaling based on more inclusive selections.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·32 citations
22. 22*

    Current status of the light neutralino thermal dark matter in the phenomenological MSSM

    Rahool Kumar Barman🇯🇵 · Genevieve Bélanger🇫🇷 · Biplob Bhattacherjee🇮🇳 · Rohini Godbole🇮🇳 · Rhitaja Sengupta🇩🇪

    In a previous publication, we studied the parameter space of the phenomenological Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (pMSSM) with a light neutralino thermal dark matter ($M_{{\tilde{\chi }}_1^0}\le M_h/2$) and observed that the recent results from the dark matter and collider experiments put strong constraints on this scenario. In this work, we present in detail the arguments behind the robustness of this result against scanning over the large number of parameters in pMSSM. The Run-3 of LHC will be crucial in probing the surviving regions of the parameter space. We further investigate the impact of light staus on our parameter space and also provide benchmarks which can be interesting for Run-3 of LHC. We analyse these benchmarks at the LHC using the machine learning framework of \texttt{XGBOOST}. Finally, we also discuss the effect of non-standard cosmology on the parameter space.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·12 citations
23. 23*

    Second-Order Transport Coefficients in Neutron Star Mergers

    Yumu Yang🇺🇸 · Mauricio Hippert🇺🇸 · Enrico Speranza🇨🇭 · Jorge Noronha🇺🇸

    In neutron stars, flavor-changing weak interactions determine the equilibrium fraction of protons over neutrons. In binary neutron-star mergers, violent changes in density modify this equilibrium value at timescales of milliseconds, comparable to those required for weak interactions to take place. As a result, the fraction of protons evolves out of phase with the density oscillations, giving rise to irreversible processes. The corresponding shift in pressure leads to dissipative work that can be modeled as an effective bulk-viscous correction. In this work, we derive the relevant equations of motion of Israel-Stewart hydrodynamics within this context. Using a toy model, we compute the second-order transport coefficients. Finally, we comment on the use of a realistic equation of state. Our results are expected to be useful for the study of viscous effects in numerical simulations of binary mergers.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-ph1 citation
24. 24*

    Magnons and spikes for $\mathcal{N}=2$ linear quivers and their non-Abelian T-duals

    Dibakar Roychowdhury🇮🇳

    We compute the spectra associated with various semiclassical string states that propagate over $\mathcal{N}=2$ Gaiotto-Maldacena backgrounds. As an interesting special case, for the Abelian T- dual solution, we discover giant magnon and single spike configurations while imposing appropriate boundary conditions. However, for Sfetsos-Thompson backgrounds, one has to adopt a different string embedding which reveals ``modified'' dispersion relations both for magnons and spikes. These results boil down into the standard dispersion relations in the limit when the rank of the associated $SU(N_c)$ color gauge group becomes large enough. We further generalize our analysis in the presence of flavor D6 branes. Our analysis reveals a new set of dispersion relations, which shows that both magnons and spikes are ceased to exist in the presence of flavor excitations.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2024)·4 citations
25. 25*

    Transport coefficients of transient hydrodynamics for the hadron-resonance gas and thermal-mass quasiparticle models

    Gabriel S. Rocha🇺🇸 · Gabriel S. Denicol🇧🇷

    We calculate all transport coefficients of second order transient hydrodynamics in two effective kinetic theory models: a hadron-resonance gas and a quasiparticle model with thermal masses tuned to reproduce QCD thermodynamics. We compare the corresponding results with calculations for an ultrarelativistic single-component gas, that are widely employed in hydrodynamic simulations of heavy ion collisions. We find that both of these effective models display a qualitatively different normalized bulk viscosity, when compared to the calculation for the single-component gas. Indeed, $\zeta /[{\tau }_{\Pi }({\epsilon }_0+P_0)]\simeq 16.91(1/3-c_s^2{)}^2$, for the hadron-resonance gas model, and $\zeta /[{\tau }_{\Pi }({\epsilon }_0+P_0)]\simeq 5(1/3-c_s^2)$ for the quasiparticle model. Differences are also observed for many second-order transport coefficients, specially those related to the bulk viscous pressure. The transport coefficients derived are shown to be consistent with fundamental linear stability and causality conditions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
26. 26*

    Central-surface-densities correlation in general MOND theories

    Mordehai Milgrom🇮🇱

    It is shown that the foundational axioms of MOND alone predict a strong correlation between a bulk measure of the baryonic surface density, ${\Sigma }_B$, and the corresponding dynamical one, ${\Sigma }_D$, of an isolated object, such as a galaxy. The correlation is encapsulated by its high- and low-${\Sigma }_B$ behaviors. For ${\Sigma }_B\gg {\Sigma }_M\equiv a_0/2\pi G$ (${\Sigma }_M$ is the critical MOND surface density) one has ${\Sigma }_D\approx {\Sigma }_B$. Their difference -- which would be interpreted as the contribution of dark matter -- is ${\Sigma }_P={\Sigma }_D-{\Sigma }_B\sim {\Sigma }_M\ll {\Sigma }_B$. In the deep-MOND limit, ${\Sigma }_B\ll {\Sigma }_M$, one has ${\Sigma }_D\sim ({\Sigma }_M{\Sigma }_B{)}^{1/2}$. This is a primary prediction of MOND, shared by all theories that embody its basic tenets. Sharper correlations, even strict algebraic relations, ${\Sigma }_D({\Sigma }_B)$, are predicted in specific MOND theories, for specific classes of mass distribution -- e.g., pure discs, or spherical systems -- and for specific definitions of the surface densities. I proceed to discuss such tighter correlations for the central surface densities of axisymmetric galactic systems, ${\Sigma }_B^0$ and ${\Sigma }_D^0$. Past work has demonstrated such relations for pure discs in the AQUAL and QUMOND theories. Here I consider them in broader classes of MOND theories. For most observed systems, ${\Sigma }_D^0$ can not be determined directly at present, but, in many cases, a good proxy for it is the acceleration integral $\mathcal{G}\equiv {\int }_0^{\infty }{g}_{r}d\ln r$, where $g_r$ is the radial acceleration along a reflection-symmetry plane of a system, such as a disc galaxy. $\mathcal{G}$ can be determined directly from the rotation curve. I discuss the extent to which $\mathcal{G}$ is a good proxy for ${\Sigma }_D^0$, and how the relation between them depends on system geometry, from pure discs, through disc-plus-bulge ones, to quasi-spherical systems.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·3 citations
27. 27*

    Two-loop non-planar four-point topology with massive internal loop

    Taushif Ahmed🇩🇪 · Ekta Chaubey🇩🇪 · Mandeep Kaur🇮🇳 · Sara Maggio🇩🇪

    We study a set of two-loop non-planar master integrals needed for the NNLO QCD corrections to diphoton and dijet production at hadron colliders. The top-sector topology contains an internal massive fermion loop and is known to contain elliptic curves. Leveraging the method of differential equations, we provide a comprehensive discussion for deriving an $ϵ$-factorized differential equation related to the most intricate sector within the Feynman integral family. Despite the dependence on multiple scales and the presence of two elliptic sectors, we demonstrate how to leverage the properties of their maximal cuts and the factorization of the Picard-Fuchs operator to deal with the complexity of the analytic computation. In particular, we construct a transformation matrix that brings the differential equations into a format enabling the convenient expression of analytic results in terms of Chen's iterated integrals.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2024)·16 citations
28. 28*

    Exploring Composite Dark Matter with an SU(4) gauge theory with 1 fermion flavor

    Venkitesh Ayyar · LSD collaboration

    Several SU(N) gauge theories have been explored as candidates for producing stable dark matter particles that can explain their relative abundance, while also evading current constraints from direct, indirect and collider searches. In this talk, I will present the confinement and spectral properties of a new model we name "Hyper Stealth Dark Matter", which involves an SU(4) gauge theory with 1 quark flavor. The lightest baryon in this theory can be a potential dark matter candidate as it is protected from decay and hence can evade detection with a mass of just a few GeV. Existence of a first order confinement transition would open the possibility of potential detection of gravitational waves from such a transition at future observatories.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2024)·4 citations
29. 29*

    Pearcey integrals, Stokes lines and exact baryonic layers in the low energy limit of QCD

    Sergio L. Cacciatori🇮🇹 · Fabrizio Canfora🇨🇱 · Federica Muscolino🇨🇱

    The first analytic solutions representing baryonic layers living at finite baryon density within a constant magnetic field in the gauged Skyrme model are constructed. A remarkable feature of these configurations is that, if the Skyrme term is neglected, then these baryonic layers in the constant magnetic background cannot be found analytically and their energies grow very fast with the magnetic field. On the other hand, if the Skyrme term is taken into account, the field equations can be solved analytically and the corresponding solutions have a smooth limit for large magnetic fields. Thus, the Skyrme term discloses the universal character of these configurations living at finite Baryon density in a constant magnetic field. The classical gran-canonical partition function of these configurations can be expressed explicitly in terms of the Pearcey integral. This fact allows us to determine analytically the Stokes lines of the partition function and the corresponding dependence on the baryonic chemical potential as well as on the external magnetic field. In this way, we can determine various critical curves in the (${\mu }_B-B_{ext}$) plane which separates different physical behaviors. These families of inhomogeneous baryonic condensates can be also dressed with chiral conformal excitations of the solutions representing modulations of the layers themselves. Some physical consequences are analyzed.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thNPB(2024)·7 citations
30. 30*

    Fluctuation-dissipation relation in cosmic microwave background

    Atsuhisa Ota🇨🇳

    We study the fluctuation-dissipation relation for sound waves in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), employing effective field theory (EFT) for fluctuating hydrodynamics. Treating sound waves as the linear response to thermal radiation, we establish the fluctuation-dissipation relation within a cosmological framework. While dissipation is elucidated in established linear cosmological perturbation theory, the standard Boltzmann theory overlooks the associated noise, possibly contributing to inconsistencies in Lambda Cold Dark Matter ($\Lambda$CDM) cosmology. This paper employs EFT for fluctuating hydrodynamics in cosmological perturbation theory, deriving sound wave noise. Notably, the long-time limit of the noise spectrum is independent of viscosity details, resembling a Brownian motion bounded in a harmonic potential. The net energy transfer between the sound wave system and the radiation environment reaches a balance within Hubble time, suggesting the thermal equilibrium of the sound waves themselves. The induced density power spectrum is characterized as white noise dependent on the inverse of the entropy density, which is negligibly small on the CMB scale. The energy density of the entire sound wave system scales as $a^{-4}$, akin to radiation. While the numerical factor is not determined in the present calculation, the back reaction of the sound wave system to the background radiation may not be negligible, serving as a potential source for various fitting issues in $\Lambda$CDM cosmology.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2024)·10 citations
31. 31*

    Closed-form expressions for multiscatter Dark Matter capture rates

    Cosmin Ilie🇺🇸

    Any astrophysical object can, in principle, serve as a probe of the interaction between Dark Matter and regular, baryonic matter. This method is based on the potential observable consequences annihilations of captured Dark Matter has on the surface temperature of the object itself. In a series of previous papers we developed and validated simple analytic approximations for the total capture rates of Dark Matter (DM) valid in four distinct regions of the DM-nucleon scattering cross section ($\sigma$) vs. DM particle mass ($m_X$) parameter space. In this work we summarize those previous results and extend them significantly, by deriving a completely general, closed form solution for the total capture rate of Dark Matter in the multiscatter regime. Moreover, we demonstrate the existence of a region in the $\sigma$ vs. $m_X$ parameter space where the constraining power of any astrophysical object heated by annihilations of captured DM is lost. This corresponds to a maximal temperature ($T_{crit}$) any astrophysical object can have, such that it can still serve as a DM probe. Any object with observed temperature $T_{obs}>T_{crit}$ loses its DM constraining power. We provide analytic formulae that can be used to estimate $T_{crit}$ for any object.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phApJ(2024)·9 citations
32. 32*

    ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM cosmology from a type-II minimally modified gravity

    Özgür Akarsu🇹🇷 · Antonio De Felice🇯🇵 · Eleonora Di Valentino🇬🇧 · Suresh Kumar🇮🇳 · Rafael C. Nunes🇧🇷 · Emre Özülker🇹🇷 · J. Alberto Vazquez🇲🇽 · Anita Yadav🇮🇳

    We integrate ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM, a promising scenario for alleviating cosmological tensions, into VCDM, a type-II minimally modified gravity. This promotes the scenario to a fully predictive model (dubbed ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$VCDM) that specifies the cosmological evolution self-consistently, including through the late-time AdS-to-dS transition epoch. In this theory, an auxiliary scalar field generates an effective cosmological constant with either a constant or a linear potential. This allows an abrupt mirror AdS-to-dS transition via a piecewise-linear potential with a sudden slope change. To remove the associated sudden singularity and ensure stable evolution, we smooth the junction using a blended sigmoid interpolant, obtaining rapid but continuous transitions. We identify two qualitatively distinct smooth mirror AdS-to-dS realisations of ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$: (i) an agitated transition, in which the potential interpolates between equal-magnitude AdS and dS plateaus and ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$ develops a central bump; and (ii) a quiescent transition, in which the potential remains continuous but changes slope across the transition layer, so that ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}(a)$ can remain monotone, with possible shallow shoulders, and a central bump is not automatic. Depending on type and sharpness, a finite-width transition can induce a transient accelerated-expansion interval ($\ddot{a}>0$) around $z\sim 1.5-2$, in addition to present-day acceleration, and, if the background enters a region where $V_{,\varphi \varphi }>2/3$, a nested super-acceleration episode. These distinct transient histories can imprint signatures on background and perturbation evolution. Our construction enables a self-consistent observational assessment of smooth ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{s}}$CDM realisations and motivates multi-probe analyses to test transition dynamics and reassess cosmological tensions.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thMNRAS(2026)·61 citations
33. 33*

    Statistical analysis of the fluctuations of an initial-state model with independently distributed hot spots

    Nicolas Borghini🇩🇪 · Hendrik Roch🇺🇸 · Alicia Schütte🇩🇪

    We determine the uncorrelated modes that characterize the fluctuations in a semi-realistic model for the initial state of high-energy nuclear collisions, consisting of hot spots whose positions are distributed independently. Varying the number of hot spots, their size, and the weights with which they contribute to the initial state, we find that the parameter that has the largest influence on the relative importance of the fluctuation modes is the source size, with more extended hot spots leading to a more marked predominance of the principal modes.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phEPJC(2025)·4 citations
34. 34*

    First Result for Dark Matter Search by WINERED

    Wen Yin🇯🇵 · Taiki Bessho🇯🇵 · Yuji Ikeda🇯🇵 · Hitomi Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Daisuke Taniguchi🇯🇵 · Hiroaki Sameshima🇯🇵 · Noriyuki Matsunaga🇯🇵 · Shogo Otsubo🇯🇵 · Yuki Sarugaku🇯🇵 · Tomomi Takeuchi🇯🇵 · Haruki Kato🇯🇵 · Satoshi Hamano🇯🇵 · Hideyo Kawakita🇯🇵

    The identity of dark matter has been a mystery in astronomy, cosmology, and particle theory for about a century. Bessho, Ikeda, and Yin (2022), three of the current authors, proposed using the state-of-the-art infrared spectrographs, including WINERED at $6.5$m Magellan Clay telescope and NIRSpec at James Webb Space Telescope, as efficient detectors for the indirect detection of dark matter with the mass around eV by measuring the line photons from the dark matter two body decays. Applying this concept, we have performed spectrographic observations of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) Leo V and Tucana II using WINERED by utilizing an object-sky-object nodding observation technique for background subtraction. We present the first result from this dark matter search. Employing zero consistent flux data after the sky subtraction, we have established one of the most stringent limits to date on dark matter decaying into line photons in the mass range of $1.8-2.7$eV. Our data can also be applied to constrain other spectra of photons from the dSphs.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.IMhep-phPRL(2025)·40 citations
35. 35*

    Two options for muon-proton collider at FNAL

    Burak Dagli🇹🇷 · Umit Kaya🇹🇷 · Arif Ozturk🇹🇷 · Saleh Sultansoy🇹🇷

    We discuss a possibility to construct multi-TeV scale {\mu}p collider at FNAL. Main advantage of this project is existence of two ring tunnels tangential to each other. There are two possible options, namely, muons in main injector with protons in Tevatron ring and vice versa. Two choices are considered for center-of-mass energy values: 2.57 TeV using 8 T bending magnets and 5.10 TeV with 16 T magnets. It is shown that luminosity values exceeding 1033 cm-2s-1 can be achieved. It is obvious that {\mu}-FNAL will provide unique potential for both SM (especially QCD basics) and BSM searches, far beyond the eRHIC and LHeC capacities.

    ↳ physics.acc-phhep-exhep-ph0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.