Tue·Feb 6, 2024Tuesday·February 6, 2024

1. 01*

   Finite modular axion and radiative moduli stabilization

   Tetsutaro Higaki🇯🇵 · Junichiro Kawamura🇰🇷 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵

   We propose a simple setup which can stabilize a modulus field of the finite modular symmetry by the Coleman-Weinberg potential. Our scenario leads to a large hierarchy suppressing instanton-like corrections $e^{2\pi i\tau }$ and to a light axion identified as $\mathrm{Re}\tau$, where $\tau$ is the modulus field. This stabilization mechanism provides the axion solution to the strong CP problem. The potential has a minimum at a large $\mathrm{Im}\tau$ which suppresses explicit $U(1{)}_{\mathrm{PQ}}$ violation terms proportional to $e^{-2\pi \mathrm{Im}\tau }$, and hence the quality of the axion is ensured by the residual symmetry associated with the $T$-transformation, $\tau \to \tau +1$, around the fixed point $\tau \sim i\infty$.

   hep-phhep-exhep-thJHEP(2024)·19 citations
2. 02*

   Searching for singlet vector-like leptons via pair production at ILC

   Chong-Xing Yue🇨🇳 · Yue-Qi Wang🇨🇳 · Han Wang🇨🇳 · Yi-Hang Wang🇨🇳 · Si Li🇨🇳

   Vector-like leptons (VLLs) as one kind of the most intriguing particles, have been widely concerned in several extensions of the Standard Model (SM). In this work, we explore the discovery potential of VLLs via pair production in the context of models that satisfy asymptotic safety at the International Linear Collider (ILC). The expected sensitivities of the ILC with the center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=$ 1 TeV and the integrated luminosity $\mathcal{L}$ = 1 ab${}^{-1}$ to the parameter space of this kind of VLL models are derived. The results we obtained show that, for the VLL with mass $M_F$ in the region of $M_F\in$ [101GeV, 463GeV], the Yukawa coupling $\kappa$ can be as low as $\kappa \in$ [0.032, 0.098].

   hep-phNPB(2024)·11 citations
3. 03*

   The relativistic three-body scattering and the $D^0{D}^{\ast +}-D^{+}{D}^{\ast 0}$ system

   Xu Zhang🇨🇳

   Scattering amplitudes involving three-particle scattering processes are investigated within the isobar approximation which respects constraints from two- and three-body unitarity. The particular system considered is the $D^0{D}^{\ast +}-D^{+}{D}^{\ast 0}$, where the $D^{\ast +}$ $(D^{\ast 0})$ enters as a $p$-wave $D^{+}{\pi }^0$ or $D^0{\pi }^{+}$ ($D^0{\pi }^0$ or $D^{+}{\pi }^{-}$) resonance. The interaction potentials in the coupled-channel $D^0{D}^{\ast +}-D^{+}{D}^{\ast 0}$ system contain the $\sigma$, $\rho$, $\omega$ and $\pi$-exchange. The analytic continuation of the amplitudes across the three-body unitary cuts is investigated to search for poles on the unphysical Riemann sheets. Associated with an unstable particle $D^{\ast +}$ $(D^{\ast 0})$ is a complex two-body unitarity cut, through which one can further analytically continue into another unphysical Riemann sheet. Dynamical singularities emerged from the $\pi$-exchange potential are stressed. The pole generated from the $D^0{D}^{\ast +}-D^{+}{D}^{\ast 0}$ interaction and its line shape in $D^0{D}^0{\pi }^{+}$ break-up production are in agreement with double-charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}^{+}$ observed by the LHCb Collaboration.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·21 citations
4. 04*

   Role of time-varying magnetic field on QGP equation of state

   Yogesh Kumar🇮🇳 · Poonam Jain🇮🇳 · Pargin Bangotra🇮🇳 · Vinod Kumar🇮🇳 · D. V. Singh🇮🇳 · S. K. Rajouria🇮🇳

   The phase diagram of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and its associated thermodynamic properties of quark gluon plasma (QGP) are studied in the presence of time dependent magnetic field. The study plays a pivotal role in the field of cosmology, astrophysics, and heavy ion collisions. In order to explore the structure of quark gluon plasma to deal with the dynamics of quarks and gluons, we investigate the equation of state (EoS) not only in the environment of static magnetic field but also in the presence of time-varying magnetic fields. So, for determining the equation of state of QGP at non zero magnetic fields, we revisited our earlier model where the effect of time varying magnetic field was not taken into consideration. Using the phenomenological model, some appealing features are noticed depending upon the three different scales; effective mass of quark, temperature, and time independent as well as time-dependent magnetic field. Earlier the effective mass of quark was incorporated in our calculations and in the current work, it is modified for static and time-varying magnetic fields. Thermodynamic observables including pressure, energy density, entropy, etc. are calculated for a wide range of temperature and time-dependent as well as time-independent magnetic fields. Finally, we claim that the EoS are highly affected in the presence of a magnetic field. Our results are notable compared to other approaches and found to be advantageous for the measurement of QGP equation of state. These crucial findings with and without time-varying magnetic field could have phenomenological implications in various sectors of high energy physics.

   hep-phAdv.High Energy Phys.(2024)·2 citations
5. 05*

   Perturbative QCD contribution to transverse single spin asymmetries in Drell-Yan and SIDIS

   Sanjin Benić🇭🇷 · Yoshitaka Hatta🇺🇸 · Abhiram Kaushik🇭🇷 · Hsiang-nan Li🇹🇼

   In a previous publication [Benić et al., Phys. Rev. D104 (2021) 094027], we have computed the perturbative QCD contribution to transverse single spin asymmetries (SSAs) in semi-inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) involving the $g_T(x)$ distribution. In this paper, we first present a more efficient derivation of the asymmetries which is applicable to both transverse and longitudinal SSAs, and correct some inconsistencies in our previous calculation. We then adapt the method to compute transverse SSAs in Drell-Yan proportional to $g_T(x)$ and its gluonic counterpart, and discuss the crossing symmetry between the results for SIDIS and Drell-Yan. Finally, we present numerical results for various asymmetries measurable at the EIC, RHIC, COMPASS and Fermilab (SpinQuest), including also part of the genuine twist-three corrections to $g_T(x)$ from a recent global analysis. We find that the asymmetries can reach percent-level magnitude, if the kinematics predominantly probes the large-$x$ (valence) region of the polarized proton, but remain at sub-percent levels otherwise.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
6. 06*

   Revisiting the top-quark pair production at future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders

   Jin Ma🇨🇳 · Sheng-Quan Wang🇨🇳 · Ting Sun🇨🇳 · Jian-Ming Shen🇨🇳 · Xing-Gang Wu🇨🇳

   In this paper, we reanalyze the top-quark pair production at the next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD at future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders by using the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) method. The PMC renormalization scales in ${\alpha }_s$ are determined by absorbing the non-conformal $\beta$ terms by recursively using the Renormalization Group Equation (RGE). Unlike the conventional scale-setting method of fixing the scale at the center-of-mass energy ${\mu }_r=\sqrt{s}$, the determined PMC scale $Q_{\star }$ is far smaller than the $\sqrt{s}$ and increases with the $\sqrt{s}$, yielding the correct physical behavior for the top-quark pair production process. Moreover, the convergence of the pQCD series for the top-quark pair production is greatly improved due to the elimination of the renormalon divergence. For a typical collision energy of $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV, the PMC scale is $Q_{\star }=107$ GeV; the QCD correction factor $K$ for conventional results is $K\sim 1+0.1244_{-0.0087-0.0011}^{+0.0102+0.0012}+0.0184_{+0.0061-0.0003}^{-0.0086+0.0002}$, where the first error is caused by varying the scale ${\mu }_r\in [\sqrt{s}/2,2\sqrt{s}]$ and the second error is from the top-quark mass $\Delta m_t=\pm 0.7$ GeV. After applying the PMC, the renormalization scale uncertainty is eliminated and the QCD correction factor $K$ is improved to $K\sim 1+0.1507_{-0.0015}^{+0.0015}-0.0057_{-0.0000}^{+0.0001}$, where the error is from the top-quark mass $\Delta m_t=\pm 0.7$ GeV. The PMC improved predictions for the top-quark pair production are helpful for detailed studies of properties of the top-quark at future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders.

   hep-phCPC(2024)·3 citations
7. 07*

   The gauge coupling unification in Grand Unified Theories based on the group $E_8$

   Konstantin Stepanyantz🇷🇺

   We consider a theory with the gauge group $E_8$ assuming that the gauge symmetry breaking pattern is $E_8\to E_7\times U_1\to E_6\times U_1\to S{O}_{10}\times U_1\to S{U}_5\times U_1\to S{U}_3\times S{U}_2\times U_1$ and vacuum expectation values are acquired only by components of the representations 248. It is demonstrated that in this case there are several options for the relations between the gauge couplings of the resulting theory, but only one of them gives ${\alpha }_3={\alpha }_2$ and ${\sin }^2{\theta }_W=3/8$. Also, it is the only option for which the resulting theory can include all MSSM superfields.

   hep-phhep-th0 citations
8. 08*

   Probing quantum decoherence at Belle II and LHCb

   Ashutosh Kumar Alok🇮🇳 · Subhashish Banerjee🇮🇳 · Neetu Raj Singh Chundawat🇮🇳 · S. Uma Sankar🇮🇳

   With the advent of Belle II and the LHCb upgrade, the precision measurements of various B-Physics observables are on cards. This holds significant potential for delving into physics beyond the standard model of electroweak interactions. These measurements can also serve as means to establish limits on phenomena occurring at much finer length scales, such as quantum decoherence, which may arise due to potential discreteness in space-time or non-trivial topological effects. In this work, we set up the formalism to investigate the impact of quantum decoherence on several potential observables in $B$ meson systems. The approach employs the trace-preserving Kraus operator formalism, extending unitary evolution to non-unitary dynamics while maintaining complete positivity. In this formalism, the decoherence effects are parametrized in terms of a single parameter. Through the analysis of purely leptonic, semileptonic, and non-leptonic decays of $B$ mesons, we identify observables that could, in principle, be influenced by decoherence. The theoretical expressions are provided without neglecting the impact of decay width difference ($\Delta \Gamma$) and $CP$ violation in mixing. Considering that many of these observables can be measured with high precision using the abundant data collected by LHCb and Belle II, our formalism can be applied to establish constraints on the decoherence parameter through multiple decay channels. This offers an alternative set-up for such studies, which, at present, are predominantly conducted in the neutrino sector.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·9 citations
9. 09*

   Description of $Z$ Boson Mass and $p_T$ Spectrum at LHC Using Leading-Order Event Generators at $\sqrt{s}=13.6$ TeV

   Dharmender🇮🇳 · Bibhuti Parida🇮🇳

   In this paper, we report a study of $Z$ boson kinematic distributions in the $Z$+ 1-jet events from proton-proton ($pp$) collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) using Leading-Order (LO) event generators. Three LO event generators, namely Pythia8, Herwig7 and Sherpa2, are explored with the implementation of appropriate Parton Shower (PS) and Matrix Element (ME) corrections. The $Z$ boson is reconstructed from oppositely charged di-lepton pairs (${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}$), and the associate leading jet is reconstructed with the anti-$k_T$ algorithm with radius $r$=0.4. The di-lepton invariant mass, $M_{{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}}$, and the transverse momentum of the reconstructed $Z$ boson, $p_T^Z$, distributions are extensively studied by comparing three of the Monte Carlo (MC) predictions. In addition to this, we also explore several other kinematic distributions associated with the candidate lepton and the jet to distinguish the modelling of the LO event generators in depth. Furthermore, various showering modules within these event generators are explored for $Z$ + 1-jet production. While the three of these MC frameworks reproduce the $Z$ + 1-jet kinematics similarly, certain discrepancies in their predictions are identified in some variables. We analyzed them using different statistical tests. The best match of the $p_T^Z$ spectra was found between the Pythia8 and Sherpa2 results.

   hep-ph0 citations
10. 10*

    $a_0(1710)$-$f_0(1710)$ mixing effect in the $D_s^{+}\to K_S^0{K}_S^0{\pi }^{+}$ decay

    Yu-Wen Peng🇨🇳 · Wei Liang🇨🇳 · Xiaonu Xiong🇨🇳 · Chu-Wen Xiao🇨🇳

    With the measurements of the decay $D_s^{+}\to K_S^0{K}_S^0{\pi }^{+}$ by the BESIII Collaboration, we investigate this three-body weak decay via the chiral unitary approach for the final state interaction, where the resonances $S(980)$ and $S(1710)$ are dynamically reproduced with the interaction of eleven coupled channels, and the $W$-external and -internal emission mechanisms are considered at the quark level. Besides, we also take into account the contribution from the $P$-wave resonance $K^{\ast }(892{)}^{+}$ and make a combined fit of the $K_S^0{K}_S^0$ and $K_S^0{\pi }^{+}$ invariant mass spectra measured by the BESIII Collaboration. The fitted results show that the enhancement around 1.7 GeV in $K_S^0{K}_S^0$ mass spectrum is overlapped with two visible peaks, indicating the mixing signal originated from the resonances $a_0(1710)$ and $f_0(1710)$ due to their different poles (masses). Thus, the decay $D_s^{+}\to K_S^0{K}_S^0{\pi }^{+}$ is helpful to reveal their molecular nature with the mixing signal, which can be more precisely measured in the future.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·7 citations
11. 11*

    Anomalous $U(1)$ extension of the Standard Model

    Pascal Anastasopoulos🇦🇹 · Ignatios Antoniadis🇹🇭 · Karim Benakli🇫🇷 · François Rondeau🇫🇷

    We present a set of example models in which the Standard Model (SM) symmetry group is extended by a new abelian symmetry. This additional symmetry appears anomalous in the effective low-energy theory; however, the anomalies cancel out when massive chiral fermions not present in the effective low-energy theory are taken into account. These chiral fermions under the new abelian gauge group, are chosen to be vector-like under the SM symmetries, and reside in the same representations as quarks and leptons. This allows us to quantitatively determine the magnitude of tree-level interactions between three vector bosons induced in low-energy effective field theory by the integration of chiral heavy fermions. We also examine the perturbativity constraints of the theory and the ultraviolet cut-off. We conclude by highlighting possible extensions of our work.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·3 citations
12. 12*

    Production of open-charm pentaquark molecules in decay $B^0\to {\bar{D}}^{0}p\bar{p}$

    Shu-Yi Kong🇨🇳 · Jun-Tao Zhu🇨🇳 · Shu Chen🇨🇳 · Jun He🇨🇳

    This study investigates the production of open-charm pentaquark molecular states, specifically $N{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ and $\bar{N}{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, within the $B^0\to {\bar{D}}^{0}p\bar{p}$ decay. We examine the invariant mass spectra of $p{\bar{D}}^0$ and $\bar{p}{\bar{D}}^0$, incorporating the rescattering process through a quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. Our findings suggest the possible identification of the isoscalar $\bar{N}{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecule with $3/2^{+}$ as the antiparticle partner of ${\Lambda }_c(2940)$ in the $\bar{p}{\bar{D}}^0$ mass spectrum. Although a molecular state near the $\bar{N}\bar{D}$ threshold with $1/2^{-}$ exists, its signal is weak, indicating that the $B^0\to {\bar{D}}^{0}p\bar{p}$ decay may not be ideal for its detection. A distinct signal of the isovector $N{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ molecule with $1/2^{-}$ may appear in the $p{\bar{D}}^0$ invariant mass spectrum, while the signal for the $3/2^{-}$ state remains very weak. We emphasize the importance of the three-body decay of the bottom meson as a valuable method for studying open-charm molecules and advocate for increased attention and more precise experimental measurements of the $B^0\to {\bar{D}}^{0}p\bar{p}$ decay.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
13. 13*

    Charmonium states in a coupled-channel model

    Zi-Long Man🇨🇳 · Cheng-Rui Shu🇨🇳 · Yan-Rui Liu🇨🇳 · Hong Chen🇨🇳

    We systematically investigate the mass spectrum and two-body open-charm strong decays of charmonium states in a coupled-channel model where the ${}^3{P}_0$ quark-antiquark pair creation mechanism is employed. The results of masses, mass shifts, proportions of the $c\bar{c}$ component, and open-charm decay widths are provided. The $S$-$D$ wave mixing angles and di-electric decay widths for vector mesons are also presented. Based on our results, we find that the $\psi (3770)$, $\psi (4040)$, $\psi (4160)$, $\psi (4360)$, and $\psi (4415)$ can be assigned as the $1^3{D}_1$-, $3^3{S}_1$-, $2^3{D}_1$-, $4^3{S}_1$-, and $3^3{D}_1$-dominated charmonium states, respectively. The ${\psi }_3(3842)$ is a good candidate of the ${\psi }_3(1D)$ charmonium state. The calculated mass and strong decay width of ${\chi }_{c1}(2P)$ with significant continuum contribution ($\sim$57\%) favor the charmonium interpretation for the mysterious ${\chi }_{c1}(3872)$. When considering the large uncertainty in the observed decay width, the possibility to assign the ${\chi }_{c0}(3860)$ as the ${\chi }_{c0}(2P)$ charmonium state cannot be ruled out. One may describe well the properties of ${\chi }_{c2}(3930)$ with the ${\chi }_{c2}(2P)$ charmonium. The predictions on properties of other $c\bar{c}$ states can be tested by future experiments.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-thEPJC(2024)·19 citations
14. 14*

    Chiral perturbative solution for the type-I seesaw mechanism in next-to-leading order

    Masaki J.S. Yang🇯🇵

    In this letter, we perform chiral perturbative diagonalization of the type-I seesaw mechanism by hierarchical singular values ${\lambda }_i$ of the Dirac mass matrix $m_D$ up to the next-to-leading order (NLO). Since the mass matrix of right-handed neutrinos $M_R$ has parity symmetries under ${\lambda }_i\leftrightarrow -{\lambda }_i$, the singular values $M_i$ and mixing angles of diagonalization of $M_R$ are written by only even and odd orders of ${\lambda }_i$ respectively. We confirm this fact by specific perturbative expansions of the third- and the fourth-order by ${\lambda }_i$. As a result, as long as the chiral perturbation theory is valid, the NLO contributions are generally suppressed by $O({\lambda }_i^2/{\text{labmda}}_j^2)\lesssim 1\%$ compared to the leading-order expressions that have sufficient accuracies.

    hep-ph1 citation
15. 15*

    Higgs Boson Precision Analysis of the Full LHC Run 1 and Run 2 Data

    Yongtae Heo🇰🇷 · Dong-Won Jung🇰🇷 · Jae Sik Lee🇰🇷

    We perform global fits of the Higgs boson couplings to the full Higgs datasets collected at the LHC with the integrated luminosities per experiment of approximately 5/fb at 7 TeV, 20/fb at 8 TeV, and up to 139/fb at 13 TeV. Our combined analysis based on the experimental signal strengths used in this work and the theoretical ones elaborated for our analysis reliably reproduce the results in the literature. We reveal that the LHC Higgs precision data are no longer best described by the SM Higgs boson taking account of extensive and comprehensive CP-conserving and CP-violating scenarios found in several well-motivated models beyond the SM. Especially, in most of the fits considered in this work, we observe that the best-fitted values of the normalized Yukawa couplings are about $2\sigma$ below the corresponding SM ones with the $1\sigma$ errors of 3%-5%. On the other hand, the gauge-Higgs couplings are consistent with the SM with the $1\sigma$ errors of 2%-3%. Incidentally, the reduced Yukawa couplings help to explain the excess of the $H\to Z\gamma$ signal strength of $2.2\pm 0.7$ recently reported by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·15 citations
16. 16*

    Constraining kaon PDFs from Drell-Yan and $J/\psi$ production

    Wen-Chen Chang🇹🇼 · Jen-Chieh Peng🇺🇸 · Stephane Platchkov🇫🇷 · Takahiro Sawada🇺🇸

    The kaon parton distribution functions (PDFs) are poorly known due to paucity of kaon-induced Drell-Yan data. Nevertheless, these Drell-Yan data suggest a softer valence $u$ quark distribution of kaon than that of pion. We discuss the opportunity to constrain kaon PDFs utilizing existing kaon-induced $J/\psi$ production data. We compare the $K^{-}/{\pi }^{-}$ and $K^{+}/{\pi }^{+}$ cross-section ratio data with calculations based on two global-fit parametrizations and two recent theoretical predictions for the kaon and pion PDFs, and test the results with two quarkonium production models. The $K^{-}/{\pi }^{-}$ cross-section ratio for $J/\psi$ production provides independent evidence of different valence quark distributions in pion and kaon. The $K^{+}/{\pi }^{+}$ $J/\psi$ data are found to be sensitive to the gluon distribution in kaon. We show that these $J/\psi$ production data provide valuable constraints for evaluating the adequacy of currently available sets of kaon PDFs.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPLB(2024)·10 citations
17. 17*

    Hints of the $J^{PC}=0^{--}$ and $1^{--}$ $K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}_1(1270)$ Molecules in the $J/\psi \to \varphi \eta {\eta }^{\prime }$ Decay

    Xiang-Kun Dong🇩🇪 · Teng Ji🇩🇪 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪 · Bing-Song Zou🇨🇳

    The primary objective of this study is to investigate hadronic molecules of $K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}_1(1270)$ using a one-boson-exchange model, which incorporates exchanges of vector and pseudoscalar mesons in the $t$-channel, as well as the pion exchange in the $u$-channel. Additionally, careful consideration is given to the three-body effects resulting from the on-shell pion originating from $K_1(1270)\to K^{\ast }\pi$. Then the BESIII data of the $J/\psi \to \varphi \eta {\eta }^{\prime }$ process is fitted using the $K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}_1(1270)$ scattering amplitude with $J^{PC}=0^{--}$ or $1^{--}$. The analysis reveals that both the $J^{PC}=0^{--}$ and $1^{--}$ assumptions for $K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}_1(1270)$ scattering provide good descriptions of the data, with similar fit qualities. Notably, the parameters obtained from the best fits indicate the existence of $K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}_1(1270)$ bound states, denoted by $\varphi (2100)$ and ${\varphi }_0(2100)$ for the $1^{--}$ and $0^{--}$ states, respectively. The current experimental data, including the $\eta$ polar angular distribution, cannot distinguish which $K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}_1(1270)$ bound state contributes to the $J/\psi \to \varphi \eta {\eta }^{\prime }$ process, or if both are involved. Therefore, we propose further explorations of this process, as well as other processes, in upcoming experiments with many more $J/\psi$ events to disentangle the different possibilities.

    hep-phhep-exPLB(2024)·5 citations
18. 18*

    Feasibility of ultrarelativistic bubbles in SMEFT

    Upalaparna Banerjee🇮🇳 · Sabyasachi Chakraborty🇮🇳 · Suraj Prakash🇮🇳 · Shakeel Ur Rahaman🇬🇧

    A first order electroweak phase transition probes physics beyond the Standard Model on multiple frontiers and therefore is of immense interest for theoretical exploration. We conduct a model-independent study of the effects of relevant dimension 6 and dimension 8 operators, of the Standard Model effective field theory, on electroweak phase transition. We use a thermally corrected and renormalization group improved potential and study its impact on nucleation temperature. We then outline bubble dynamics that lead to ultrarelativistic bubble wall velocities which are mainly motivated from the viewpoint of gravitational wave detection. We highlight the ranges of the Wilson coefficients that give rise to such bubble wall velocities and predict gravitational wave spectra generated by such transitions which can be tested in future experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·20 citations
19. 19*

    Appearance of neutrino asymmetries in the process of expansion of the Universe, hierarchy of neutrino masses and CP violation

    A.P Serebrov🇷🇺 · O.M. Zherebtsov🇷🇺 · R.M. Samoilov🇷🇺 · N.S. Budanov🇷🇺

    In this work, we study the appearance of neutrino asymmetries during the expansion of the Universe. A mathematical model based on differential equations was used to describe the processes of neutrino oscillations considering CP violation and neutrino collisions. An analysis of the emergence of neutrino asymmetry due to collisions of neutrinos with each other and due to CP violation during neutrino oscillations is presented. It was discovered that the asymmetry bifurcates into two states with positive and negative asymmetry for the inverse hierarchy of neutrino masses. A state with a normal hierarchy of neutrino masses is unstable and is not realized. It is shown that the maximum CP violation is realized. The influence of this process on the dispersion of the primordial ${}^4\text{He}$ mass fraction is calculated, which is confirmed by astrophysical observations. Thus, the inverse hierarchy of neutrino masses is realized. The CP violation in neutrino oscillations is maximum and the phase is ${\delta }_{13}=270^{\circ }(-\pi /2)$

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
20. 20*

    Final state rescattering effects in axio-hadronic $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ decays

    Daniele S. M. Alves🇺🇸 · Sergi Gonzàlez-Solís🇺🇸

    It has been long-understood that final state rescattering effects provide $\mathcal{O}(1)$ corrections to hadronic meson decays rates, such as $\eta \to \pi \pi \pi$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }\to \eta \pi \pi$. Hence, one would expect that such effects would be just as important in axio-hadronic $\eta$ and ${\eta }^{\prime }$ decays, such as ${\eta }^{(\prime )}\to \pi \pi a$, where $a$ is an axion or axion-like particle (ALP). And indeed they are, as we show in this paper by using the treatment of dispersion relations to include the effects of strong final state interactions in several axio-hadronic processes, namely, ${\eta }^{(\prime )}\to {\pi }^0{\pi }^{0}a$, ${\eta }^{(\prime )}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}a$, and ${\eta }^{\prime }\to \eta {\pi }^{0}a$. We also compute the perturbative, leading order decay rates for multiple ALP emission, such as in ${\eta }^{(\prime )}\to {\pi }^{0}aa$, ${\eta }^{\prime }\to \eta aa$ and ${\eta }^{(\prime )}\to aaa$, and briefly discuss the expected corrections from strong interactions and the processes that must be considered for an accurate rate estimation of these multi-ALP decay channels.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·19 citations
21. 21*

    How many vector charmonium(-like) states sit in the energy range from $4.2$ to $4.35$ GeV?

    Leon von Detten🇩🇪 · Vadim Baru🇩🇪 · Christoph Hanhart🇩🇪 · Qian Wang🇨🇳 · Daniel Winney🇩🇪 · Qiang Zhao🇨🇳

    In recent years many vector charmonium(-like) states were reported by different electron-positron collider experiments above $4.2$ GeV. However, so far, there not only exists sizable tension in the parameters of those states, but there is also no consensus on the number of the vector states in this energy range. To some extend, this might be caused by the fact that the experimental data were typically analyzed in single channel analyses employing overlapping Breit-Wigner functions, in particular ignoring the effect of opening thresholds. In this study, we focus on the mass range between $4.2$ and $4.35$ GeV, conducting a comprehensive analysis of eight different final states in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation. Our findings demonstrate that, within this mass range, a single vector charmonium-like state, exhibiting properties consistent with a $D_1\bar{D}$ molecular structure and characterized by a pole location $\sqrt{s_{\text{pole}}^{Y(4230)}}=\left(4227\pm 3-\frac{i}{2}(50_{-5}^{+10})\right)\text{MeV}$, can effectively describe all the collected data. This is made possible by allowing for an interference with the well-established vector chamonium $\psi (4160)$ along with the inclusion of the $D_1\bar{D}$ threshold effect. Moreover, in contrast to experimental analyses, our study reveals that the highly asymmetric total cross sections for $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi \pi \pi$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to J/\psi K\bar{K}$ around 4230 MeV stem from the same physics, rooted in the approximate SU(3) flavor symmetry of QCD.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·24 citations
22. 22*

    P-wave fully charm and fully bottom tetraquark states

    Zhi-Zhong Chen🇨🇳 · Xu-Liang Chen🇨🇳 · Peng-Fei Yang🇨🇳 · Wei Chen🇨🇳

    We have studied the mass spectra of the P-wave fully charm and fully bottom tetraquark states in the framework of QCD sum rules. We construct the interpolating currents by inserting the covariant derivative operator ${\overleftrightarrow{\mathcal{D}}}_{\mu }$ between the S-wave diquark and antidiquark fields. The excitation structures show that the pure $\lambda$-mode excited P-wave fully heavy tetraquarks exist for the quantum numbers $J^{PC}=1^{--},1^{-+},2^{--},2^{-+}$ and $3^{--}$, while it is difficult to separate the $\lambda$-mode and $\rho$-mode excitations in the $0^{-+}$ channel. Within three Lorentz indices, there is no pure $\lambda$-mode excited P-wave fully charm/bottom tetraquark operators with $J^{PC}=0^{--}$ and $3^{-+}$. Our results support that the recent observed $X(6900)$ and $X(7200)$ resonances could be interpreted as the P-wave fully charm $cc\bar{c}\bar{c}$ tetraquark states with $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ and $2^{-+}$, respectively. Some P-wave fully bottom $bb\bar{b}\bar{b}$ tetraquark states are predicted to be lower than the di-${\eta }_b(1S)$ and di-${\rm Y}(1S)$ mass thresholds. Hopefully our calculations will be useful for identifying the nature of new exotic tetraquark states.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2024)·14 citations
23. 23*

    Quantum tunneling in the early universe: Stable magnetic monopoles from metastable cosmic strings

    George Lazarides🇬🇷 · Rinku Maji🇰🇷 · Qaisar Shafi🇺🇸

    We present a novel mechanism for producing topologically stable monopoles (TSMs) from the quantum mechanical decay of metastable cosmic strings in the early universe. In an $SO(10)$ model this mechanism yields TSMs that carry two units ($4\pi /e$) of Dirac magnetic charge as well as some color magnetic charge which is screened. For a dimensionless string tension parameter $G\mu \approx 10^{-9}-10^{-5}$, the monopoles are superheavy with masses of order $10^{15}-10^{17}$ GeV. Monopoles with masses of order $10^8-10^{14}$ GeV arise from metastable strings for $G\mu$ values from $\sim 10^{-22}$ to $10^{-10}$. We identify the parameter space for producing these monopoles at an observable level with detectors such as IceCube and KM3NeT. For lower $G\mu$ values the ultra-relativistic monopoles should be detectable at Pierre Auger and ANITA. The stochastic gravitational wave emission arises from metastable strings with $G\mu \sim 10^{-9}-10^{-5}$ and should be accessible at HLVK and future detectors including the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. An $E_6$ extension based on this framework would yield TSMs from the quantum mechanical decay of metastable strings that carry three units ($6\pi /e$) of Dirac magnetic charge.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJCAP(2024)·19 citations
24. 24*

    Axion-like Quasiparticles and Topological States of Matter: Finite Density Corrections of the Chiral Anomaly Vertex

    Claudio Corianò🇮🇹 · Mario Cretì🇮🇹 · Stefano Lionetti🇮🇹 · Riccardo Tommasi🇮🇹

    We investigate the general structure of the chiral anomaly $AVV/AAA$ and $(LLL,RRR)$ vertices, in the presence of chemical potentials in perturbation theory. The study finds application in anomalous transport, whenever chirally unbalanced matter is present, with propagating external currents that are classically conserved. Examples are topological materials and the chiral magnetic effect in the plasma state of matter of the early universe. We classify the minimal number of form factors of the $AVV$ parameterization, by a complete analysis of the Schouten identities in the presence of a heat bath. We show that the longitudinal (anomaly) sector in the axial-vector channel, for on-shell and off-shell photons, is protected against corrections coming from the insertion of a chemical potential in the fermion loop. When the photons are on-shell, we prove that also the transverse sector, in the same channel, is $\mu$-independent and vanishes. The related effective action is shown to be always described by the exchange of a massless anomaly pole, as in the case of vanishing chemical potentials. The pole is interpreted as an interpolating axion-like quasiparticle generated by the anomaly. In each axial-vector channel, it is predicted to be a correlated fermion/antifermion pseudoscalar (axion-like) quasiparticle appearing in the response function, once the material is subjected to an external chiral perturbation. The cancellation of the $\mu$ dependence extends to any chiral current within the Standard Model, including examples like $B$ (baryon), $L$ (lepton), and $B-L$. This holds true irrespective of whether these currents exhibit anomalies.

    hep-phcond-mat.mes-hallhep-thPRD(2024)·9 citations
25. 25*

    Accommodating the LHC Charged Higgs Boson Excess at 130 GeV in the General Two-Higgs Doublet Model

    Abdesslam Arhrib🇲🇦 · Mohamed Krab🇹🇼 · Souad Semlali🇬🇧

    Charged Higgs bosons are common predictions in most extensions of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs sector. Therefore, their observation would elucidate the nature of the Higgs sector. Motivated by the ATLAS collaboration's latest analysis performed with $139{\text{fb}}^{-1}$ of Run 2 data intended to search for charged Higgs boson, produced in top quark decay and subsequently decaying via $H^{\pm }\to cb$, where an excess with a local significance of $3\sigma$ is observed at $m_{H^{\pm }}=130\mathrm{GeV}$, we discuss here the possibility of explaining such excess in the context of the general 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM type-III), after satisfying all theoretical and up-to-date experimental constraints. We also propose phenomenological scenarios to further explore the mass region around 130 GeV in the four Yukawa types of the 2HDM type-III and suggest alternative decay channel $H^{\pm }\to cs$ and/or $H^{\pm }\to W^{\pm \ast }h$ to probe the nature of the observed excess (if it is not a statistical fluctuation). Future searches for $H^{\pm }$ will be critical in confirming or refuting the first hint of a light charged Higgs boson at the LHC.

    hep-phJ.Phys.G(2024)·11 citations
26. 26*

    Production of charged kaons in $ArSc$ collisions

    G.I. Lykasov🇷🇺 · A.I. Malakhov🇷🇺 · A.A. Zaitsev🇷🇺

    Inclusive spectra of the kaons produced in $ArSc$ collisions as functions of their transverse momentum $p_T$ at mid-rapidity have been calculated within the approach based on the assumption of the similarity of inclusive spectra of the hadrons produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions at their small transverse momenta in the mid-rapidity region taking into account the quark-gluon dynamics in nucleon-nucleon interactions. This article gives a satisfactory description of NA61/SHINE data on $p_T$-spectra of the $K^{\pm }$ mesons produced in $ArSc$ collisions at the mid-rapdity ($y\simeq$ 0).

    hep-phEPJA(2024)·3 citations
27. 27*

    Two-loop amplitudes for ttH production: the quark-initiated Nf-part

    Bakul Agarwal🇩🇪 · Gudrun Heinrich🇩🇪 · Stephen P. Jones🇬🇧 · Matthias Kerner🇩🇪 · Sven Yannick Klein🇩🇪 · Jannis Lang🇩🇪 · Vitaly Magerya🇩🇪 · Anton Olsson🇩🇪

    We present numerical results for the two-loop virtual amplitude entering the NNLO corrections to Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair at the LHC, focusing, as a proof of concept of our method, on the part of the quark-initiated channel containing loops of massless or massive quarks. Results for the UV renormalised and IR subtracted two-loop amplitude for each colour structure are given at selected phase-space points and visualised in terms of surfaces as a function of two-dimensional slices of the full phase space.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·46 citations
28. 28*

    SIMUnet: an open-source tool for simultaneous global fits of EFT Wilson coefficients and PDFs

    Mark N. Costantini🇬🇧 · Elie Hammou🇬🇧 · Zahari Kassabov🇬🇧 · Maeve Madigan🇩🇪 · Luca Mantani🇬🇧 · Manuel Morales Alvarado🇬🇧 · James M. Moore🇬🇧 · Maria Ubiali🇬🇧

    We present the open-source SIMUnet code, designed to fit Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) Wilson coefficient alongside Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs) of the proton. SIMUnet can perform SMEFT global fits, as well as simultaneous fits of the PDFs and of an arbitrarily large number of SMEFT degrees of freedom, by including both PDF-dependent and PDF-independent observables. SIMUnet can also be used to determine whether the effects of any New Physics models can be fitted away in a global fit of PDFs. SIMUnet is built upon the open-source NNPDF code and is released together with documentation, and tutorials. To illustrate the functionalities of the new tool, we present a new global analysis of the SMEFT Wilson coefficients accounting for their interplay with the PDFs. We increment our previous analysis of the LHC Run II top quark data with both (i) the Higgs production and decay rates data from the LHC, and (ii) the precision electroweak and diboson measurements from LEP and the LHC.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·38 citations
29. 29*

    Primordial Black Holes from Axion Domain Wall Collapse

    David I. Dunsky🇺🇸 · Marius Kongsore🇺🇸

    The QCD axion can solve the Strong CP Problem and be the dark matter of our universe. If the PQ symmetry breaking scale associated with the axion is below the inflationary reheating temperature, axion strings and domain walls populate the universe. Most of these strings and walls decay away into axion dark matter, but a small subset of the walls will be self-enclosed surfaces that are not attached to any strings. These enclosed walls can collapse in on themselves, compressing a large amount of energy into a small volume and potentially forming primordial black holes (PBHs). We study the number density and dynamics of these self-enclosed walls, taking into account their size distribution, Hubble expansion, asphericities, and all stages of domain wall dynamics using a combination of semi-analytic and numerical approaches. We find that axion models with a high axion decay constant $f_a$, such as those of interest in early matter-dominated cosmologies, yield a PBH abundance potentially observable by future gravitational lensing surveys. We note that the formalism developed here is also useful for predicting relic PBH abundances in other models that exhibit unstable domain walls.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2024)·40 citations
30. 30*

    Probing Earth-Bound Dark Matter with Nuclear Reactors

    Yohei Ema🇺🇸 · Maxim Pospelov🇺🇸 · Anupam Ray🇺🇸

    Strongly-interacting dark matter can be accumulated in large quantities inside the Earth, and for dark matter particles in a few GeV mass range, it can exist in large quantities near the Earth's surface. We investigate the constraints imposed on such dark matter properties by its upscattering by fast neutrons in nuclear reactors with subsequent scattering in nearby well-shielded dark matter detectors, schemes which are already used for searches of the coherent reactor neutrino scattering. We find that the existing experiments cover new parameter space on the spin-dependent interaction between dark matter and the nucleon. Similar experiments performed with research reactors, and lesser amount of shielding, may provide additional sensitivity to strongly-interacting dark matter.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thJHEP(2024)·13 citations
31. 31*

    Cavity as Radio Telescope for Galactic Dark Photon

    Yanjie Zeng🇨🇳 · Yuxin Liu🇨🇳 · Chunlong Li🇨🇳 · Yuxiang Liu🇨🇳 · Bo Wang🇨🇳 · Zhenxing Tang🇨🇳 · Yuting Yang🇨🇳 · Liwen Feng🇨🇳 · Peng Sha🇨🇳 · Zhenghui Mi🇨🇳 · Weimin Pan🇨🇳 · Tianzong Zhang🇨🇳 and 9 other authors

    Dark photons, as a minimal extension of the Standard Model through an additional Abelian gauge group, may propagate relativistically across the galaxy, originating from dark matter decay or annihilation, thereby contributing to a galactic dark photon background. The generation of dark photons typically favors certain polarization modes, which are dependent on the interactions between dark matter and dark photons. We introduce a framework in which a resonant cavity is utilized to detect and differentiate these polarizations, leveraging the daily variation in expected signals due to the anisotropic distribution of dark photons and the rotation of the Earth. We conduct an experimental search using superconducting radio-frequency cavities, noted for their exceptionally high quality factors, proving them to be effective telescopes for observing galactic dark photons. This approach establishes the most stringent limits yet on the kinetic mixing coefficient between dark photons and electromagnetic photons, thereby unveiling a novel avenue for the indirect search for dark matter via multi-messenger astronomy.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-ex+1Sci.Bull.(2025)·11 citations
32. 32*

    Quantum Decoherence Effects: a complete treatment

    Gabriela Barenboim🇪🇸 · Alberto M. Gago🇵🇪

    Physical systems in real life are inextricably linked to their surroundings and never completely separated from them. Truly closed systems do not exist. The phenomenon of decoherence, which is brought about by the interaction with the environment, removes the relative phase of quantum states in superposition and makes them incoherent. In neutrino physics, decoherence, although extensively studied has only been analyzed thus far, exclusively in terms of its dissipative characteristics. While it is true that dissipation, or the exponential suppression, eventually is the main observable effect, the exchange of energy between the medium and the system, is an important factor that has been overlooked up until now. In this work, we introduce this term and analyze its consequences.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·5 citations
33. 33*

    Temperature Measurement of Quark-Gluon Plasma at Different Stages

    STAR Collaboration

    In a Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), the fundamental building blocks of matter, quarks and gluons, are under extreme conditions of temperature and density. A QGP could exist in the early stages of the Universe, and in various objects and events in the cosmos. The thermodynamic and hydrodynamic properties of the QGP are described by Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) and can be studied in heavy-ion collisions. Despite being a key thermodynamic parameter, the QGP temperature is still poorly known. Thermal lepton pairs ($e^{+}{e}^{-}$ and ${\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$) are ideal penetrating probes of the true temperature of the emitting source, since their invariant-mass spectra suffer neither from strong final-state interactions nor from blue-shift effects due to rapid expansion. Here we measure the QGP temperature using thermal $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ production at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The average temperature from the low-mass region (in-medium ${\rho }^0$ vector-meson dominant) is $(1.99\pm 0.24)\times 10^{12}$ K, consistent with the chemical freeze-out temperature from statistical models and the phase transition temperature from LQCD. The average temperature from the intermediate mass region (above the ${\rho }^0$ mass, QGP dominant) is significantly higher at $(3.40\pm 0.55)\times 10^{12}$ K. This work provides essential experimental thermodynamic measurements to map out the QCD phase diagram and understand the properties of matter under extreme conditions.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phNature Commun.(2025)·49 citations
34. 34*

    Operator Dimension Parity Fractionalization

    Christopher W. Murphy🇺🇸

    Lorentz invariant quantum field theories (QFTs) with fermions in four spacetime dimensions (4D) have a ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ symmetry provided there exists a basis of operators in the QFT where all operators have even operator dimension, $d$, including those with $d>4$. The ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ symmetry is the extension of operator dimension parity by fermion number parity. If the ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ is anomaly-free, such QFTs can be related to 3D topological superconductors. Additionally, imposing the ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ symmetry on the Standard Model effective field theory severely restricts the allowed processes that violate baryon and lepton numbers.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2025)·1 citation
35. 35*

    System size and shape dependences of collective flow fluctuations in relativistic nuclear collisions

    Xinrong Chen🇨🇳 · Xiang-Yu Wu🇨🇦 · Shanshan Cao🇨🇳 · Guang-You Qin🇨🇳

    Quantum fluctuations plays an essential role in forming the collective flow of hadrons observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Event-by-event fluctuations of the collective flow can arise from various sources, such as the fluctuations in the initial geometry, hydrodynamic expansion, hadronization, and hadronic evolution of the nuclear matter, while the exact contribution from each source is still an open question. Using a (3+1)-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic model coupled to a Monte-Carlo Glauber initial condition, Cooper-Frye particlization and a hadronic transport model, we explore the system size and shape dependences of the collective flow fluctuations in Au+Au, Cu+Au, and O+O collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$~GeV. The particle yields, mean transverse momenta, 2-particle and 4-particle cumulant elliptic flows ($v_2\{2\}$ and $v_2\{4\}$) from our calculation agree with the currently existing data from RHIC. Different centrality dependences of the flow fluctuations, quantified by the $v_2\{4\}/v_2\{2\}$ ratio, are found for different collision systems due to their different sizes and shapes. By comparing $v_2\{4\}/v_2\{2\}$ between different hadron species, and comparing $v_2\{4\}/v_2\{2\}$ to the initial state geometric fluctuations quantified by the cumulant eccentricity ratio ${\epsilon }_2\{4\}/{\epsilon }_2\{2\}$, we find that while the initial state fluctuations are the main source of the $v_2$ fluctuations in large collision systems, other sources like nonlinear hydrodynamic response, hadronization, and hadronic afterburner can significantly affect the $v_2$ fluctuations in small systems.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2024)·4 citations
36. 36*

    Attractors in $f(Q,B)$-gravity

    Andronikos Paliathanasis🇿🇦

    We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the cosmological field equations in Symmetric Teleparallel General Relativity, where a nonlinear function of the boundary term is introduced instead of the cosmological constant to describe the acceleration phase of the universe. Our analysis reveals constraints on the free parameters necessary for the existence of an attractor that accurately represents acceleration. However, we also identify asymptotic solutions depicting Big Rip and Big Crunch singularities. To avoid these solutions, we must impose constraints on the phase-space, requiring specific initial conditions.

    ↳ gr-qchep-ph1 citation
37. 37*

    Holographic entanglement properties in the QCD phase diagram from EMD models

    Zhibin Li🇨🇳

    In this study, we investigate the behavior of entanglement properties in the QCD phase diagram using holographic Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton (EMD) models. We consider two representative holographic QCD models and examine various entanglement measures, including entanglement entropy, conditional mutual information, and entanglement of purification. We find that the entanglement entropy obtained using the direct UV-cutoff renormalization method shows significant dependence on the specific model being used. However, the outcomes of other non-divergent entanglement measures, such as cutoff-independent entanglement entropy, conditional mutual information, and entanglement of purification, exhibit congruence in our calculations. When we focus specifically on the temperature range below $300$ MeV, we observe a similar behavior among the three entanglement measures. This may suggests that within this temperature range, the entanglement of QCD matter decreases with increasing temperature. Additionally, we observe distinct phase transition behaviors of entanglement properties at the critical end point (CEP) and first-order phase transitions. This observation highlights the potential of entanglement properties as effective order parameters for QCD matter phase transitions.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·8 citations
38. 38*

    Improved analysis of isovector nucleon matrix elements with $N_f=2+1$ flavors of $\mathcal{O}(a)$ improved Wilson fermions

    Dalibor Djukanovic🇩🇪 · Georg von Hippel🇩🇪 · Harvey B. Meyer🇩🇪 · Konstantin Ottnad🇩🇪 · Hartmut Wittig🇩🇪

    We present an update of our determination of the isovector charges $g_A^{u-d}$, $g_S^{u-d}$ and $g_T^{u-d}$, and the isovector twist-2 forward matrix elements $⟨x{⟩}_{u-d}$, $⟨x{⟩}_{\Delta u-\Delta d}$ and $⟨x{⟩}_{\delta u-\delta d}$ on the $N_{\mathrm{f}}=2+1$ gauge ensembles generated by the Coordinated Lattice Simulations (CLS) effort. We have significantly extended our coverage of the parameter space by adding ensembles at the physical pion mass and fine lattice spacing, at nearly-physical pion masses and very fine lattice spacings, and at very large physical lattice volumes, enabling a well-controlled extrapolation to the physical point. Another major improvement is achieved owing to the extended range of source-sink separations, which allows us to perform two-state fits to summed correlator ratios, leading to a much higher level of control over excited-state effects. Systematic uncertainties from the chiral, continuum and infinite-volume extrapolations are incorporated via model averages based on the Akaike Information Criterion. Our final results at the physical point are $g_A^{u-d}=1.254(19{)}_{\mathrm{stat}}(15{)}_{\mathrm{sys}}[24{]}_{\mathrm{total}}$, $g_S^{u-d}=1.203(77{)}_{\mathrm{stat}}(81{)}_{\mathrm{sys}}[112{]}_{\mathrm{total}}$, $g_T^{u-d}=0.993(15{)}_{\mathrm{stat}}(05{)}_{\mathrm{sys}}[16{]}_{\mathrm{total}}$, $⟨x{⟩}_{u-d}=0.153(15{)}_{\mathrm{stat}}(10{)}_{\mathrm{sys}}[17{]}_{\mathrm{total}}$, $⟨x{⟩}_{\Delta u-\Delta d}=0.207(15{)}_{\mathrm{stat}}(06{)}_{\mathrm{sys}}[16{]}_{\mathrm{total}}$, and $⟨x{⟩}_{\delta u-\delta d}=0.195(17{)}_{\mathrm{stat}}(15{)}_{\mathrm{sys}}[23{]}_{\mathrm{total}}$. While our results for the isovector charges are in excellent agreement with the FLAG\,21 averages, we note that our error for the tensor charge $g_T^{u-d}$ is considerably smaller.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·29 citations
39. 39*

    The footprint of nuclear saturation properties on the neutron star $f$ mode oscillation frequencies: a machine learning approach

    Deepak Kumar🇮🇳 · Tuhin Malik🇵🇹 · Hiranmaya Mishra🇮🇳

    We investigate the intricate relationships between the non-radial \(f\) mode oscillation frequencies of neutron stars (NS)s and the corresponding nuclear matter equation of state (EOS) using a machine learning (ML) approach within the ambit of the relativistic mean field (RMF) framework for nuclear matter. With two distinct parameterizations of the Walecka model, namely, (1) with non-linear self interactions of the scalar field (NL) and, (2) a density dependent Bayesian model (DDB), we perform a thorough examination of the \(f\) mode frequency in relation to various nuclear saturation properties. The correlations between the \(f\) mode frequencies and nuclear saturation properties reveal, through various analytical and ML methods, the complex nature of NSs and their potential as the cosmic laboratory for studying extreme states of matter. A principal component analysis (PCA) has been performed using mixed datasets from DDB and NL models to discriminate the relative importance of the different components of the EOS on the $f$ mode frequencies. Additionally, a {\it Random forest feature importance} analysis also elucidates the distinct roles of these properties in determining the \(f\) mode frequency across a spectrum of NS masses. Our findings are further supported by symbolic regression searches, yielding high-accuracy relations with strong Pearson coefficients and minimal errors. These relations suggest new methodologies for probing NS core characteristics, such as energy density, pressure, and speed of sound from observations of non-radial \(f\) mode oscillations of NSs.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phJCAP(2025)·3 citations
40. 40*

    Cosmography with next-generation gravitational wave detectors

    Hsin-Yu Chen🇺🇸 · Jose María Ezquiaga🇩🇰 · Ish Gupta🇺🇸

    Advancements in cosmology through next-generation ground-based gravitational wave observatories will bring in a paradigm shift. We explore the pivotal role that gravitational-wave standard sirens will play in inferring cosmological parameters with next-generation observatories, not only achieving exquisite precision but also opening up unprecedented redshifts. We examine the merits and the systematic biases involved in gravitational-wave standard sirens utilizing binary black holes, binary neutron stars, and neutron star-black hole mergers. Further, we estimate the precision of bright sirens, golden dark sirens, and spectral sirens for these binary coalescences and compare the abilities of various next-generation observatories (A^sharp, Cosmic Explorer, Einstein Telescope, and their possible networks). When combining different sirens, we find sub-percent precision over more than 10 billion years of cosmic evolution for the Hubble expansion rate $H(z)$. This work presents a broad view of opportunities to precisely measure the cosmic expansion rate, decipher the elusive dark energy and dark matter, and potentially discover new physics in the uncharted Universe with next-generation gravitational-wave detectors.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-phClass.Quant.Grav.(2024)·57 citations
41. 41*

    Spinning $Q$-ball Superradiance in 3+1D

    Guo-Dong Zhang🇨🇳 · Fu-Ming Chang🇨🇳 · Paul M. Saffin🇬🇧 · Qi-Xin Xie🇨🇳 · Shuang-Yong Zhou🇨🇳

    Recently, it has been found that a $Q$-ball can amplify waves incident upon it, due to rotation in the internal space and the interaction of the two modes in the complex scalar field. While the spherically symmetric 3D case has been investigated previously, here we explore the 3D axi-symmetric case, which is numerically much more challenging. The difficulty comes because a partial wave expansion is needed, and the different partial waves can not be separated, for either the background spinning Q-ball solution or the perturbative scattering on top of it. A relaxation method and a high dimensional shooting method are applied to compute the Q-ball solutions and the amplification factors respectively. We also classify the behavior of the amplification factors and we discuss their bounds and the superradiance criteria.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
42. 42*

    The nonflow issue in connecting anisotropy measurements to hydrodynamics in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

    Fuqiang Wang🇺🇸

    Hydrodynamics can describe majority of the measured azimuthal anisotropies in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Many of the anisotropy measurements are contaminated by nonflow correlations (i.e., those unrelated to global event-wise correlations). Those nonflow contamination can cause incorrectness or compromise the accuracy of the physics extracted from data-hydrodynamics comparison, particularly when one relies on subtle difference in the measurements. In the recent preprint by STAR (arXiv:2401.06625) extracting the Uranium nucleus deformation parameter, nonflow contamination is assessed by subevents in the limited STAR acceptance. In this note, we demonstrate that such assessment is inadequate and illustrate how large an effect nonflow can cause by using the HIJING model, in which all correlations are nonflow and non-hydrodynamic. We thereby conclude that the extracted Uranium deformation parameter is premature and emphasize the importance of an earnest assessment of or correction for nonflow contamination, not only for this STAR analysis but more generally for studies relying on comparing anisotropy measurements to hydrodynamic calculations.

    ↳ nucl-exhep-exhep-phnucl-th3 citations
43. 43*

    The Disruption of Dark Matter Minihalos by Successive Stellar Encounters

    Ian DSouza🇳🇿 · Chris Gordon🇳🇿

    Scenarios such as the QCD axion with the Peccei-Quinn symmetry broken after inflation predict an enhanced matter power spectrum on sub-parsec scales. These theories lead to the formation of dense dark matter structures known as minihalos, which provide insights into early Universe dynamics and have implications for direct detection experiments. We examine the mass loss of minihalos during stellar encounters, building on previous studies that derived formulas for mass loss and performed N-body simulations. We propose a new formula for the mass loss that accounts for changes in the minihalo profile after disruption by a passing star. We also investigate the mass loss for multiple stellar encounters. We demonstrate that accurately assessing the mass loss in minihalos due to multiple stellar encounters necessitates considering the alterations in the minihalo's binding energy after each encounter, as overlooking this aspect results in a substantial underestimation of the mass loss.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·14 citations
44. 44*

    The $B_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\gamma$ decay rate at large $q^2$ from lattice QCD

    R. Frezzotti🇮🇹 · G. Gagliardi🇮🇹 · V. Lubicz🇮🇹 · G. Martinelli🇮🇹 · C.T. Sachrajda🇬🇧 · F. Sanfilippo🇮🇹 · S. Simula🇮🇹 · N. Tantalo🇮🇹

    We determine, by means of lattice QCD calculations, the local form factors describing the $B_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\gamma$ decay. For this analysis we make use of the gauge configurations produced by the ETM Collaboration with $N_f=2+1+1$ flavour of Wilson-Clover twisted-mass fermions at maximal twist. To obtain the $B_s$ meson form-factors, we perform simulations for several heavy-strange meson masses $m_{H_s}$ in the range $m_{H_s}\in [m_{D_s},2m_{D_s}]$, and extrapolate to the physical $B_s$ meson point $m_{B_s}\simeq 5.367\mathrm{GeV}$ making use of the HQET scaling laws. We cover the region of large di-muon invariant masses $\sqrt{q^2}>4.16\mathrm{GeV}$, and use our results to determine the branching fraction for $B_s\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}\gamma$, which has been recently measured by LHCb in the region $\sqrt{q^2}>4.9\mathrm{GeV}$. The largest contribution to the uncertainty in the partial branching fractions at values of $\sqrt{q^2}<4.8\mathrm{GeV}$ is now due to resonance and other long-distance effects, including those from "charming penguins", which we estimate by summing over the contributions from the $J_P=1^{-}$ charmonium resonances.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2024)·28 citations
45. 45*

    Coherent collisional decoherence

    Leonardo Badurina🇺🇸 · Clara Murgui🇪🇸 · Ryan Plestid🇺🇸

    We study the decoherence of a system of $N$ non-interacting heavy particles (atoms) due to coherent scattering with a background gas. We introduce a framework for computing the induced phase shift and loss of contrast for arbitrary preparations of $N$-particle quantum states. We find phase shifts that are inherently $(N\ge 2)$-body effects and may be searched for in future experiments. We analyze simple setups, including a two-mode approximation of an interferometer. We study fully entangled $N00N$ states, which resemble the correlated positions in a matter interferometer, as well as totally uncorrelated product states that are representative of a typical state in an atom interferometer. We find that the extent to which coherent enhancements increase the rate of decoherence depends on the observable of interest, state preparation, and details of the experimental design. In the context of future ultralow-recoil (e.g., light dark matter) searches with atom interferometers we conclude that: {\it i}) there exists a coherently enhanced scattering phase which can be searched for using standard (i.e., contrast/visibility and phase) interferometer observables; {\it ii}) although decoherence rates of one-body observables are {\it not} coherently enhanced, a coherently enhanced loss of contrast can still arise from dephasing; and {\it iii}) higher statistical moments (which are immediately accessible in a counting experiment) {\it are} coherently enhanced and may offer a new tool with which to probe the soft scattering of otherwise undetectable particles in the laboratory.

    ↳ quant-phcond-mat.quant-gashep-phphysics.atom-phPRA(2024)·11 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.