Fri·Feb 2, 2024Friday·February 2, 2024

1. 01*

   Investigations of $\Lambda$ states with spin-parity ${\frac{3}{2}}^{\pm }$

   K. Azizi🇮🇷 · Y. Sarac🇹🇷 · H. Sundu🇹🇷

   The present study provides spectroscopic investigations of spin-$\frac{3}{2}$ $\Lambda$ baryons with both positive and negative parities. The analysis mainly focuses on three states, namely $1P$, $2P$, and $2S$, and corresponding masses are calculated using the QCD sum rule method. To implement the method, we apply two types of interpolating currents with octet and singlet quantum numbers and compare the corresponding results with the reported masses of experimentally observed states. From the comparisons, it is extracted that the results of interpolating current with octet quantum numbers are in good agreement with the experimentally measured masses. The masses obtained with this interpolating current are $m=1513.64\pm 8.76$ MeV for $1P$ state with $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$, $m^{\prime }=1687.91\pm 0.31$ MeV for $2P$ state with $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$ and $\tilde{m}=1882.37\pm 11.95$ MeV for $2S$ state with $J^P={\frac{3}{2}}^{+}$ and they are consistent with the experimental masses of $\Lambda (1520)$, $\Lambda (1690)$ and $\Lambda (1890)$, respectively, which confirm their spin-parity quantum numbers. Besides, we calculate the corresponding current coupling constants, which are utilized as inputs in the calculations of different form factors defining the widths of the states under study.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2024)·3 citations
2. 02*

   Vacuum Stability in the one-loop approximation of a 331 Model

   G. C. Dorsch🇧🇷 · A. A. Louzi🇧🇷 · B. L. Sánchez-Vega🇧🇷 · A. Viglioni🇧🇷

   In this study, we analyze the vacuum stability of the economical 331 model at the one-loop level using the renormalization group equations and a single-scale renormalization method. By integrating these equations, we determine stability conditions up to the Planck scale, incorporating constraints from recent experimental data on new Higgs-like bosons, charged scalars, and charged and neutral gauge bosons. Our analysis uncovers intriguing relations between the mass of the heaviest scalar and the masses of exotic quarks, in order to ensure stability of the model up to the Planck scale. For the 331 energy scale used in this work, $18$ TeV, we find an upper bound on the heaviest quark mass of the model, which is not so distant from future LHC runs, serving as bounds to be searched. Additionally, we explore relations between the scalar couplings coming stability and perturbativity conditions. These impose unprecedented constraints on the economical 331 model.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·7 citations
3. 03*

   On the two-loop penguin contributions to the Anomalous Dimensions of four-quark operators

   Pol Morell🇪🇸 · Javier Virto🇪🇸

   We revisit the Next-to-Leading Order (two-loop) contributions to the Anomalous Dimensions of $\Delta F=1$ four-quark operators in QCD. We devise a test for anomalous dimensions, that we regard as of general interest, and by means of which we detect a problem in the results available in the literature. Deconstructing the steps leading to the available result, we identify the source of the problem, which is related to the operator known as $Q_{11}$. We show how to fix the problem and provide the corrected anomalous dimensions. With the insight of our findings, we propose an alternative approach to the one used in the literature which does not suffer from the identified disease, and which confirms our corrected results. We assess the numerical impact of our corrections, which happens to be in the ballpark of $5\%$ in certain entries of the evolution matrix. Our results are important for the correct resummation of Next-to-Leading Logarithms in analyses of physics beyond the Standard Model in $\Delta F=1$ processes, such as the decays of Kaons and $B$-mesons.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latJHEP(2024)·14 citations
4. 04*

   Asymmetric jet shapes with 2D jet tomography

   Yu-Xin Xiao🇨🇳 · Yayun He🇨🇳 · Long-Gang Pang🇨🇳 · Hanzhong Zhang🇨🇳 · Xin-Nian Wang🇨🇳

   Two-dimensional (2D) jet tomography is a promising tool to study jet medium modification in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. It combines gradient (transverse) and longitudinal jet tomography for selection of events with localized initial jet production positions. It exploits the transverse asymmetry and energy loss that depend, respectively, on the transverse gradient and jet path length inside the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In this study, we employ the 2D jet tomography to study medium modification of the jet shape of $\gamma$-triggered jets within the linear Boltzmann transport (LBT) model for jet propagation in heavy-ion collisions. Our results show that jets with small transverse asymmetry ($A_N^{\vec{n}}$) or small $\gamma$-jet asymmetry ($x_{J\gamma }=p_T^{\mathrm{jet}}/p_T^{\gamma }$) exhibit a broader jet shape than those with larger $A_N^{\vec{n}}$ or $x_{J\gamma }$, since the former are produced at the center and go through longer path lengths while the later are off-center and close to the surface of the QGP fireball. In events with finite values of $A_N^{\vec{n}}$, jet shapes are asymmetric with respect to the event plane. Hard partons at the core of the jet are deflected away from the denser region while soft partons from the medium response at large angles flow toward the denser part of QGP. Future experimental measurements of these asymmetric features of the jet shape can be used to study the transport properties of jets and medium responses.

   hep-phPRC(2024)·13 citations
5. 05*

   Pion Electromagnetic Form Factor from Bethe-Salpeter Amplitudes with Appropriate Kinematics

   Shaoyang Jia🇺🇸 · Ian Cloët🇺🇸

   Within the framework provided by quantum chromodynamics's Schwinger-Dyson equations (SDEs), the pion's electromagnetic form factor is computed using solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) that have finite spacial momentum, and therefore allow the appropriate kinematics for a given momentum transfer. This removes, for the first time, a limiting approximation in previous SDE calculations where rest-frame solutions to the BSE are used for both the initial and final pion states. In performing these calculations, the rainbow-ladder truncation to the SDEs in the Landau gauge is used, with the quark-gluon interaction given by the Maris-Tandy model. Using Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes (BSAs) that have the correct spacial momentum for a given momentum transfer, $Q^2$, has a dramatic impact on results for the pion's electromagnetic form factor. The difference between results that use rest-frame BSAs and those with correct kinematics is less that 10\% for $0⩽Q^2\lesssim 1$GeV${}^2$, however, these corrections grow with increasing momentum transfer and approach 100\% for $Q^2\simeq 3$GeV${}^2$.

   hep-phnucl-th4 citations
6. 06*

   Enhancement of the Higgs decay into a $Z^{\prime }$ pair in models with $U(1{)}_X$ gauge symmetry

   ShivaSankar K.A. · Arindam Das🇯🇵 · Kei Yagyu🇯🇵

   We discuss the Higgs phenomenology in models with a new $U(1{)}_X$ gauge symmetry including the $U(1{)}_{B-L}$ scenario, where three right-handed neutrinos are inevitably introduced due to the gauge anomaly cancellations. We find that the decay branching ratio of the discovered Higgs boson into a pair of new massive gauge bosons ($Z^{\prime }$) can significantly be enhanced in the Dirac neutrino case as compared with the Majorana case for a fixed value of the new gauge coupling and the mass of $Z^{\prime }$ under constraints from current experimental data. Because of such an enhancement, the Dirac case can indirectly be discriminated from the Majorana case via the Higgs decay.

   hep-phhep-exPLB(2024)·4 citations
7. 07*

   Higgs boson pair production and decay at NLO in QCD: the $b\bar{b}\gamma \gamma$ final state

   Hai Tao Li🇨🇳 · Zong-Guo Si🇨🇳 · Jian Wang🇨🇳 · Xiao Zhang🇨🇳 · Dan Zhao🇨🇳

   The Higgs boson pair production at the LHC provides a probe to the Higgs boson self-coupling. The higher-order QCD corrections in this process are sizable and must be taken into account in comparison with data. Due to the small cross section, it is necessary to consider at least one of the Higgs bosons decaying to bottom quarks. The QCD corrections to the decay processes would also be important in such cases. We present a full calculation of the total and differential cross sections for the $b\bar{b}\gamma \gamma$ final state with next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections. After applying typical kinematic cuts in the final state, we find that QCD NLO corrections in the decay decrease the LO result by $19\%$ and reduce the scale uncertainties by a factor of two. The QCD corrections to the invariant mass $m_{jj\gamma \gamma }$ distribution, the transverse momentum spectra of the leading bottom quark jet and photon are significant and can not be approximated by a constant factor.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·5 citations
8. 08*

   The enhancement of pair production in oscillated overlapped fields

   Adiljan Sawut🇨🇳 · Ying-Jun Li🇨🇳 · Miao Jiang🇨🇳 · Bai-Song Xie🇨🇳

   The influence of potential well width on electron-positron pair production has been examined through theoretical and numerical approaches by employing the computational quantum field theory. Quantum interference effects in pair production is investigated in the two overlapped potential wells with varied widths and frequencies. Several dominant processes, involving the absorption of an integer number of photons, significantly impact on pair production. Notably, specific multiphoton absorption processes exhibit distinct changes as the potential well width expands, with the absorption of four photons process displaying noteworthy effects. Additionally, the influence of the smaller frequency to the yield of the pair production can not be ignored and the most optimized frequencies in our overlapped fields has been studied and exhibited.

   hep-phquant-phPRD(2024)·4 citations
9. 09*

   Electromagnetic and gravitational form factors of the nucleon

   Cédric Lorcé (Ecole Polytechnique)🇫🇷

   Form factors are Lorentz invariant functions describing the internal structure of a system. In particular, they encode how physical properties like, e.g., charge, energy, momentum, and pressure are spatially distributed. While nucleon electromagnetic form factors have been studied for a long time, the first extraction of nucleon gravitational form factors from experimental data was reported in 2018, triggering a lot of enthusiasm and attention in the hadronic community. In this contribution we review some theoretical bases, discuss recent developments regarding the physical interpretation of these form factors, and give a glimpse of what can be learned about the mass and spin structure of the nucleon.

   hep-phnucl-thPoS(2024)·9 citations
10. 10*

    Sound velocity peak induced by the chiral partner in dense two-color QCD

    Mamiya Kawaguchi🇨🇳 · Daiki Suenaga🇯🇵

    Recently, the peak structure of the sound velocity was observed in the lattice simulation of two-color and two-flavor QCD at the finite quark chemical potential. The comparison with the chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) result was undertaken, however, the ChPT failed in reproducing the peak structure. In this study, to extend the ChPT framework, we incorporate contributions of the $\sigma$ meson, that is identified as the chiral partner of pions, on top of the low-energy pion dynamics by using the linear sigma model (LSM). Based on the LSM we derive analytic expressions of the thermodynamic quantities as well as the sound velocity within a mean-field approximation. As a result, we find that those quantities are provided by sums of the ChPT results and corrections, where the latter is characterized by a mass difference between the chiral partners, the $\sigma$ meson and pion. The chiral partner contributions are found to yield a peak in the sound velocity successfully. We furthermore show that the sound velocity peak emerges only when $m_{\sigma }>\sqrt{3}{m}_{\pi }$ and ${\mu }_q>m_{\pi }$, with $m_{\sigma (\pi )}$ and ${\mu }_q$ being the $\sigma$ meson (pion) mass and the quark chemical potential, respectively. The correlation between the sound velocity peak and the sign of the trace anomaly is also addressed.

    hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2024)·15 citations
11. 11*

    Two-loop QCD amplitudes for $t\bar{t}H$ production from boosted limit

    Guoxing Wang🇫🇷 · Tianya Xia🇨🇳 · Li Lin Yang🇨🇳 · Xiaoping Ye🇨🇳

    The production of a Higgs boson in association with a top-antitop quark pair ($t\bar{t}H$) holds significant importance in directly probing the top-quark Yukawa coupling, which is related to various fundamental questions in high energy physics. This paper focuses on the calculation of two-loop amplitudes for $t\bar{t}H$ production at hadron colliders in the high-energy boosted limit. The calculation employs our recently developed mass-factorization formula. To validate the accuracy of our approximate methods, we compare our results for the one-loop amplitudes and the two-loop infrared poles with the exact calculations. We then provide predictions for the finite parts of the two-loop amplitudes. By combining the contributions from real emissions, our results can be utilized to compute the next-to-next-to-leading order differential cross sections for $t\bar{t}H$ production in the high-energy boosted limit.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·26 citations
12. 12*

    Octet baryon and heavy meson interactions in chiral effective field theory

    Bo-Lin Huang🇨🇳 · Bo Wang🇨🇳 · Shi-Lin Zhu🇨🇳

    We calculate the effective potentials of the octet baryon and heavy meson systems using the chiral effective field theory up to the next-to-leading order. We consider the contact terms, one-pseudoscalar-meson and two-pseudoscalar-meson exchange contributions, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of the short-, mid-, and long-range interactions in these systems. The low energy constants are correlated with those of the $\bar{N}N$ interaction using a quark-level Lagrangian approach. We also incorporate the decuplet baryon contributions in the loop diagrams. Our research provides new insights into several near-threshold charmed baryons [e.g., ${\Lambda }_c(2940)$, ${\Xi }_c(3055)$, and ${\Omega }_c(3188)$, etc.] around $3$ GeV from the hadronic molecular perspective. We also observe several molecular states, referred to as ${\Xi }_c$, within the mass range of $3100-3500$ MeV. Further measurements of their resonance parameters and decay patterns in experiments may help to discriminate the conventional baryon and hadronic molecule explanations for these near-threshold states.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Testing the Number of Neutrino Species with a Global Fit of Neutrino Data

    Manuel Ettengruber🇩🇪 · Alan Zander🇩🇪 · Philipp Eller🇩🇪

    We present the first experimental constraints on models with many additional neutrino species in an analysis of current neutrino data. These types of models are motivated as a solution to the hierarchy problem by lowering the species scale of gravity to TeV. Additionally, they offer a natural mechanism to generate small neutrino masses and provide interesting dark matter candidates. This study analyzes data from DayaBay, KamLAND, MINOS, NOvA and KATRIN. We do not find evidence for the presence of any additional neutrino species, therefore we report lower bounds on the allowed number of neutrino species realized in nature. For the normal/inverted neutrino mass ordering, we can give a lower bound on the number of neutrino species of O(30) and O(100), respectively, over a large range of the parameter space.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·7 citations
14. 14*

    Precise SMEFT predictions for di-Higgs production

    Jannis Lang🇩🇪

    We present results of precision calculations for di-Higgs production that combine NLO QCD corrections with operators at canonical dimension six within Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT). We discuss possible options for operator contributions within a given EFT framework and sources of theory uncertainties.

    hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Jettiness formulation of the MINNLO${}_{\text{PS}}$ method

    Markus Ebert🇩🇪 · Luca Rottoli🇨🇭 · Marius Wiesemann🇩🇪 · Giulia Zanderighi🇩🇪 · Silvia Zanoli🇬🇧

    We present a new formulation of the MINNLO method to match NNLO QCD calculations with parton showers by using jettiness as a resummation variable. The full derivation for colour-singlet processes is presented using $0$-jettiness starting from the NNLL${}^{\prime }$ resummation formula. We show phenomenological results for Drell-Yan and Higgs-boson production at the LHC and compare our predictions to ATLAS and CMS data. Differences to the original MINNLO formulation using the transverse momentum of the colour singlet as resummation variable are discussed. We further present a comparison of MINNLO predictions with GENEVA. Finally, we extend the formulation of the MINNLO method to 1-jettiness which is applicable to processes with a colour singlet plus one jet in the final state.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·5 citations
16. 16*

    Searching for the light leptophilic gauge boson $Z_x$ via four-lepton final states at the CEPC

    Chong-Xing Yue🇨🇳 · Yan-Yu Li🇨🇳 · Mei-Shu-Yu Wang🇨🇳 · Xin-Meng Zhang🇨🇳

    We investigate the possibility of detecting the leptophilic gauge boson $Z_x$ predicted by the $U(1{)}_{L_e-L_{\mu }}$ model via the processes $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}{Z}_x(Z_x\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-})$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}{Z}_x(Z_x\to {\nu }_{\ell }\overline{{\nu }_{\ell }})$ at the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC) with the center of mass energy $\sqrt{s}=240$ GeV and the luminosity $\mathcal{L}=5.6$ $\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{b}}^{-1}$. We give the expected sensitivities of the CEPC to the parameter space at $1\sigma$, $2\sigma$, $3\sigma$ and $5\sigma$ levels.

    hep-phCPC(2024)·4 citations
17. 17*

    Estimate for the bulk viscosity of strongly coupled quark matter using perturbative QCD and holography

    Jesús Cruz Rojas🇰🇷 · Tyler Gorda🇩🇪 · Carlos Hoyos🇪🇸 · Niko Jokela🇫🇮 · Matti Järvinen🇰🇷 · Aleksi Kurkela🇳🇴 · Risto Paatelainen🇫🇮 · Saga Säppi🇩🇪 · Aleksi Vuorinen🇫🇮

    Modern hydrodynamic simulations of core-collapse supernovae and neutron-star mergers require knowledge not only of the equilibrium properties of strongly interacting matter, but also of the system's response to perturbations, encoded in various transport coefficients. Using perturbative and holographic tools, we derive here an improved weak-coupling and a new strong-coupling result for the most important transport coefficient of unpaired quark matter, its bulk viscosity. These results are combined in a simple analytic pocket formula for the quantity that is rooted in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics at high densities but takes into account nonperturbative holographic input at neutron-star densities, where the system is strongly coupled. This expression can be used in the modeling of unpaired quark matter at astrophysically relevant temperatures and densities.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-thnucl-thPRL(2024)·35 citations
18. 18*

    Cylindrically symmetric diffusion model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions

    Johannes Hoelck🇩🇪 · Georg Wolschin🇩🇪

    A relativistic diffusion model with cylindrical symmetry, which propagates an initial state based on quantum chromodynamics in time towards a thermal equilibrium limit, is derived from nonequilibrium-statistical considerations: Adapting an existing framework for Markovian stochastic processes representing relativistic phase-space trajectories, a Fokker-Planck equation is obtained for the time evolution of particle-number distribution functions with respect to transverse and longitudinal rapidity. The resulting partially-evolved distribution functions are transformed to transverse-momentum and pseudorapidity space, and compared with charged-hadron data from the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC).

    hep-phnucl-thAnnalen Phys.(2024)·5 citations
19. 19*

    CP Violation in B Decays: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives

    Robert Fleischer🇳🇱

    CP violation in B decays provides a powerful tool to probe physics from beyond the Standard Model. A theoretical overview of recent developments of benchmark channels is given, ranging from non-leptonic to rare leptonic and semileptonic modes, opening up exciting perspectives for the future high-precision era of flavour physics and the pursuit of New Physics.

    hep-phhep-exEur.Phys.J.ST(2024)·17 citations
20. 20*

    95 GeV excess in a $CP$-violating $\mu$-from-$\nu$ SSM

    Chang-Xin Liu🇨🇳 · Yang Zhou🇨🇳 · Xiao-Yu Zheng🇨🇳 · Jiao Ma🇨🇳 · Tai-Fu Feng🇨🇳 · Hai-Bin Zhang🇨🇳

    The CMS and ATLAS have recently reported their results searching for light Higgs boson with mass around 95 GeV, based on the full Run 2 data set. In the framework of the CP-violating (CPV) $\mu \nu$SSM, we discuss a $\sim$ 2.9$\sigma$ (local) excess at 95 GeV in the light Higgs boson search in the diphoton decay mode as reported by ATLAS and CMS, together with a $\sim$ 2$\sigma$ excess (local) in the $b\bar{b}$ final state at LEP in the same mass range. By introducing CPV phases as well as by mixing CP-even Higgs and CP-odd Higgs, a lighter Higgs boson in the $\mu \nu$SSM can be produced, which can account for the "di-photon excess".

    hep-phPRD(2024)·23 citations
21. 21*

    Axion Dark Matter from Cosmic String Network

    Heejoo Kim🇰🇷 · Junghyeon Park🇰🇷 · Minho Son🇰🇷

    We perform the lattice simulation to estimate the axion dark matter abundance radiated from the global cosmic strings in the post-inflationary scenario. The independent numerical confirmation on the recently observed logarithmic growth in both the number of strings per Hubble patch and the spectral index of the power law scaling for the axion spectrum is reported. These logarithmic scalings are checked against two different prescriptions for generating initial random field configurations, namely fat-string type and thermal phase transition. We discuss a possible strong correlation between the axion spectrum and the string evolutions with different initial conditions to support the insensitivity of scaling behaviors against different initial data and we provide a qualitative understanding of it. The impact of various combinations of the power law of the axion spectrum, nonlinearities around the QCD scale, and average inter-string distances on the axion abundance is discussed. Additionally, we introduce a new novel string identification method, based on the tetrahedralization of the space, which guarantees the connectedness of the strings and provides a convenient way of assigning the core location. Finally we derive the lower bound on the axion mass.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2024)·62 citations
22. 22*

    Lightcone expansion beyond leading power

    Sebastian Jaskiewicz🇨🇭

    We discuss recent developments in descriptions of processes using power expansion around the lightcone within Soft-Collinear Effective Theory. First, we present an overview of the systematically improvable framework that enables factorization of high-energy scattering processes beyond leading power in the expansion in ratios of energy scales. As an illustration of the relevant concepts, we describe the recently derived factorization theorem for the off-diagonal channel of the Drell-Yan production process at threshold. This example exposes endpoint divergences appearing in convolution integrals in factorization formulas. Lastly, we discuss the solution to these complications developed in the context of ''gluon thrust'' in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions.

    hep-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2024)·0 citations
23. 23*

    Detecting Boosted Dark Photons with Gaseous Detectors

    Michael L. Graesser🇺🇸 · R. Andrew Gustafson🇺🇸 · Kate Hildebrandt🇺🇸 · Varun Mathur🇺🇸 · Ian M. Shoemaker🇺🇸

    We search for indirect signals of $\mathcal{O}$(keV) dark matter annihilating or decaying into $\mathcal{O}$(eV) dark photons. These dark photons will be highly boosted and have decay lengths larger than the Milky Way, and can be absorbed by neutrino or dark matter experiments at a rate dependent on the photon-dark photon kinetic mixing parameter and the optical properties of the experiment. We show that current experiments can not probe new parameter space, but future large-scale gaseous detectors with low backgrounds (i.e. CYGNUS, NEXT, PANDAX-III) may be sensitive to this signal when the annihilation cross section is especially large.

    hep-phastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEhep-ex+1PRD(2024)·6 citations
24. 24*

    The development of the concept of exchange forces in the 1930s: close encounters between Europe and Japan and the birth of nuclear theory

    Marco Di Mauro · Salvatore Esposito · Adele Naddeo

    The onset and the development of the concept of exchange force in quantum physics are historically reconstructed, starting from Heisenberg's seminal contributions in 1926 and going through the great developments in nuclear physics, which allowed the emergence of the idea of force mediating virtual quanta. Although most of such work was performed in Europe, the last and decisive effort in this long path was carried out by Japanese scientists in the 1930s. This is the main focus of the present work, which retraces the achievements of Yukawa and Tomonaga, whose results and mutual interactions are carefully analyzed and related to those of European physicists.

    ↳ physics.hist-phhep-phnucl-thEur.Phys.J.H(2024)·2 citations
25. 25*

    Reanalysis of the MACHO constraints on PBH in the light of Gaia DR3 data

    Juan Garcia-Bellido🇪🇸 · Michael Hawkins🇬🇧

    The recent astrometric data of hundreds of millions of stars from Gaia DR3 has allowed a precise determination of the Milky Way rotation curve up to $28$~kpc. The data suggests a rapid decline in the density of dark matter beyond $19$~kpc. We fit the whole rotation curve with four components (gas, disk, bulge and halo) and compute the microlensing optical depth to the Large Magellanic Cloud. With this model of the galaxy we reanalyse the microlensing events of the MACHO and EROS-2 Collaborations. Using the published MACHO efficiency function for the duration of their survey, together with the rate of expected events according to the new density profile, we find that the Dark Matter halo could be composed up to $100\%$ of massive compact halo objects for any mass between $10^{-4}$ to $100M_{\odot }$, except a broad range around $0.01M_{\odot }$, where it cannot be larger than $\sim 20\%$. For the EROS-2 survey, using a modified efficiency curve for consistency with the MACHO analysis, we also find compatibility with a 100\% MACHO halo, but with a tighter constraint around $0.001M_{\odot }$ where the halo fraction cannot be larger than $\sim 12\%$. This result assumes that MACHOs all have the same mass. If these were distributed in an extended mass function like that of the Thermal History Model, the constraints are weakened, allowing $100\%$ of all DM in the form of Primordial Black Holes.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COhep-phUniverse(2024)·24 citations
26. 26*

    Asymptotic bound on slow-roll parameter in stringy quintessence model

    Min-Seok Seo🇰🇷

    We study the late time behavior of the scalar part of the volume modulus and the dilaton in stringy quintessence model, focusing on their contributions to the Hubble slow-roll parameter $ϵ$ which directly measures the deviation of the spacetime geometry from de Sitter space. When only one of the moduli is allowed to move, $ϵ$ converges to the stable fixed point at late time. The fixed point value is larger than $1$, thus the slow-roll cannot be realized. Moreover, if the decay rate of the quintessence potential is larger than some critical value, the positivity of the potential imposes that the stable fixed point value is just given by $3$, independent of the details of the moduli dynamics. Otherwise, the fixed point value coincides with the potential slow-roll parameter. When both the volume modulus and the dilaton roll down the potential simultaneously, we can find the relation between the contributions of two moduli to $ϵ$ satisfied at the fixed point. In this case, the fixed point value is not in general the simple sum of fixed point values in the single field case and cannot be larger than $3$.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phNPB(2024)·14 citations
27. 27*

    The parity-odd structure function of nucleon from the Compton amplitude

    K. U. Can · R. Horsley · Y. Nakamura · P. E. L. Rakow · G. Schierholz · H. Stüben · R. D. Young · J. M. Zanotti

    The dominant contribution to the theoretical uncertainty in the extracted weak parameters of the Standard Model comes from the hadronic uncertainties in the electroweak boxes, i.e. $\gamma -W^{\pm }/Z$ exchange diagrams. A dispersive analysis relates the box diagrams to the parity-odd structure function, $F_3$, for which the experimental data either do not exist or belong to a separate isospin channel. Therefore a first-principles calculation of $F_3$ is highly desirable. In this contribution, we report on the QCDSF/UKQCD Collaboration's progress in calculating the moments of the $F_3^{\gamma Z}$ structure function from the forward Compton amplitude at the SU(3) symmetric point.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thPoS(2025)·0 citations
28. 28*

    Detecting Extragalactic Axion-like Dark Matter with Polarization Measurements of Fast Radio Bursts

    Bao Wang🇨🇳 · Xuan Yang🇨🇳 · Jun-Jie Wei🇨🇳 · Song-Bo Zhang🇨🇳 · Xue-Feng Wu🇨🇳

    Axions or axion-like particles (ALPs) are one of the promising dark matter (DM) candidates. A prevalent method to detect axion-like DM is to seek periodic oscillation in the polarization angles (PAs) of linearly polarized light emitted from astrophysical sources. In this work, we use the time-resolved polarization measurements of the hyperactive repeating fast radio burst, FRB 20220912A, detected by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) to search for extragalactic axion-like DM. Given a DM density profile of FRB 20220912A's host, we obtain upper limits on the ALP-photon coupling constant of $g_{a\gamma }<(3.4\times 10^{-11}-1.9\times 10^{-9}){\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$ for the ALP masses $m_a\sim (1.4\times 10^{-21}-5.2\times 10^{-20})\mathrm{eV}$. Persistent polarimetric observations with FAST would extend the constraints to lower masses. Although the $g_{a\gamma }$ constraints derived from FRBs are less competitive than those from other methods, FRBs offer an alternative way to detect axion-like DM on extragalactic distance scales, complementary to galactic DM probes.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-phCommun.Phys.(2025)·11 citations
29. 29*

    Observational Viability of the Intermediate DBI Inflation in the Presence of a Minimal Length

    Narges Rashidi🇮🇷 · Maryam Roushan🇮🇷 · Kourosh Nozari🇮🇷

    We consider an intermediate Dirac-Born-Infeld (DBI) inflationary model in the presence of a minimal measurable length in the theory. We show that, the presence of a minimal measurable length modifies the definitions of the scalar and tensor spectral indices and also other inflation observables. This is due to modification of the momentum and corresponding wave number of the perturbations in the presence of a minimal length. By using the deformed definition of the scalar and tensor spectral indices, we perform numerical analysis on the intermediate DBI inflation model to find some constraints on the deformation parameter. In this regard, we compare our numerical results with both Planck2018 TT, TE, EE +lowE +lensing +BAO+ BK14 and Planck2018 TT, TE,EE +lowE+lensing+BK14 +BAO+LIGO $\&$ Virgo2016 data at the $68\%$ CL and $95\%$ CL. Our numerical study shows that the intermediate DBI inflation model in the presence of a minimal measurable length is observationally viable if the upper bound on the deformation parameter to be considered of the order of $10^{48}$ at $68\%$ CL and $10^{49}$ at $95\%$ CL. This is consistent with the results of other approaches to constrain such a quantity.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thEPL(2023)·4 citations
30. 30*

    Multiway Junction Conditions: Booklets and Webs

    Jia-Yin Shen🇨🇳 · Cheng Peng🇨🇳 · Li-Xin Li🇨🇳

    Junction conditions play a crucial role in constructing new gravity solutions. In this paper, we derive the junction condition for gluing together an arbitrary number of spacetimes along a common interface. We develop a geometric technique of reverse extension and provide precise definitions of geometric quantities at the interface. This leads to a geometric derivation of the multiway junction condition. As a cross-check, we independently re-derive the junction condition by varying the action of some specific gravitational models including both Einstein gravity and dilaton gravity. We demonstrate that the junction condition is invariant under a change of frames, and the form of the junction condition is the same for both spacelike and timelike interfaces.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·13 citations
31. 31*

    $V_{lowk}$ Renormalization Group Flow, Vector Manifestation and Sound Velocity in Massive Compact Stars

    Mannque Rho🇫🇷 · Long-Qi Shao🇨🇳

    The $V_{lowk}$-renormalization group approach on the surface of Fermi liquid for nuclear matter to which Tom Kuo made a pioneering contribution at Stony Brook is found to inject the pivotal input in the formulation of the generalized nuclear effective field theory with acronym ``G$n$EFT" applicable to superdense compact-star physics. A topology change in terms of skyrmions and half-skyrmions is shown to play the role of the ``putative" hadron-quark continuity (HQC)" conjectured in QCD. Crucially involved are hidden local symmetry (``HLS") and hidden scale symmetry (``HSS") with the vacuum sliding with density in nuclear medium, with the nuclear tensor force emerging as a Landau Fermi-liquid fixed-point quantity. A possibly novel paradigm, a ``Cheshire Catism," in nuclear correlations is suggested.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phIJMPE(2025)·3 citations
32. 32*

    Hybrid Quantum Vision Transformers for Event Classification in High Energy Physics

    Eyup B. Unlu🇺🇸 · Marçal Comajoan Cara🇪🇸 · Gopal Ramesh Dahale🇮🇳 · Zhongtian Dong🇺🇸 · Roy T. Forestano🇺🇸 · Sergei Gleyzer🇺🇸 · Daniel Justice🇺🇸 · Kyoungchul Kong🇺🇸 · Tom Magorsch🇩🇪 · Konstantin T. Matchev🇺🇸 · Katia Matcheva🇺🇸

    Models based on vision transformer architectures are considered state-of-the-art when it comes to image classification tasks. However, they require extensive computational resources both for training and deployment. The problem is exacerbated as the amount and complexity of the data increases. Quantum-based vision transformer models could potentially alleviate this issue by reducing the training and operating time while maintaining the same predictive power. Although current quantum computers are not yet able to perform high-dimensional tasks yet, they do offer one of the most efficient solutions for the future. In this work, we construct several variations of a quantum hybrid vision transformer for a classification problem in high energy physics (distinguishing photons and electrons in the electromagnetic calorimeter). We test them against classical vision transformer architectures. Our findings indicate that the hybrid models can achieve comparable performance to their classical analogues with a similar number of parameters.

    ↳ quant-phcs.LGhep-phstat.MLAxioms(2024)·16 citations
33. 33*

    Scattering wave packets of hadrons in gauge theories: Preparation on a quantum computer

    Zohreh Davoudi🇺🇸 · Chung-Chun Hsieh🇺🇸 · Saurabh V. Kadam🇺🇸

    Quantum simulation holds promise of enabling a complete description of high-energy scattering processes rooted in gauge theories of the Standard Model. A first step in such simulations is preparation of interacting hadronic wave packets. To create the wave packets, one typically resorts to adiabatic evolution to bridge between wave packets in the free theory and those in the interacting theory, rendering the simulation resource intensive. In this work, we construct a wave-packet creation operator directly in the interacting theory to circumvent adiabatic evolution, taking advantage of resource-efficient schemes for ground-state preparation, such as variational quantum eigensolvers. By means of an ansatz for bound mesonic excitations in confining gauge theories, which is subsequently optimized using classical or quantum methods, we show that interacting mesonic wave packets can be created efficiently and accurately using digital quantum algorithms that we develop. Specifically, we obtain high-fidelity mesonic wave packets in the $Z_2$ and $U(1)$ lattice gauge theories coupled to fermionic matter in 1+1 dimensions. Our method is applicable to both perturbative and non-perturbative regimes of couplings. The wave-packet creation circuit for the case of the $Z_2$ lattice gauge theory is built and implemented on the Quantinuum H1-1 trapped-ion quantum computer using 13 qubits and up to 308 entangling gates. The fidelities agree well with classical benchmark calculations after employing a simple symmetry-based noise-mitigation technique. This work serves as a step toward quantum computing scattering processes in quantum chromodynamics.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phnucl-thQuantum(2024)·90 citations
34. 34*

    Brightest Cluster Galaxy Offsets in Cold Dark Matter

    Cian Roche (1) · Michael McDonald (1) · Josh Borrow (1 and 2)🇺🇸 · Mark Vogelsberger (1 and 3)🇺🇸 · Xuejian Shen (1)🇺🇸 · Volker Springel (4)🇩🇪 · Lars Hernquist (5)🇺🇸 · Ruediger Pakmor (4) · Sownak Bose (6)🇬🇧 · Rahul Kannan (7) ((1) MIT, (2) UPenn, (3) IAIFI, (4) MPA, (5) Harvard, (6) Durham, (7) York)🇨🇦

    The distribution of offsets between the brightest cluster galaxies of galaxy clusters and the centroid of their dark matter distributions is a promising probe of the underlying dark matter physics. In particular, since this distribution is sensitive to the shape of the potential in galaxy cluster cores, it constitutes a test of dark matter self-interaction on the largest mass scales in the universe. We examine these offsets in three suites of modern cosmological simulations; IllustrisTNG, MillenniumTNG and BAHAMAS. For clusters above $10^{14}{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, we examine the dependence of the offset distribution on gravitational softening length, the method used to identify centroids, redshift, mass, baryonic physics, and establish the stability of our results with respect to various nuisance parameter choices. We find that offsets are overwhelmingly measured to be smaller than the minimum converged length scale in each simulation, with a median offset of $\sim 1\mathrm{kpc}$ in the highest resolution simulation considered, TNG300-1, which uses a gravitational softening length of $1.48\mathrm{kpc}$. We also find that centroids identified via source extraction on smoothed dark matter and stellar particle data are consistent with the potential minimum, but that observationally relevant methods sensitive to cluster strong gravitational lensing scales, or those using gas as a tracer for the potential can overestimate offsets by factors of $\sim 10$ and $\sim 30$, respectively. This has the potential to reduce tensions with existing offset measurements which have served as evidence for a nonzero dark matter self-interaction cross section.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COhep-ph12 citations
35. 35*

    Viable Anisotropic Inflation and Reheating in the Tachyon Model

    Narges Rashidi🇮🇷

    We study the intermediate tachyon inflation in an anisotropic background. By using the Friedmann equations obtained in the anisotropic geometry, we obtain the slow-roll parameters in the tachyon model. The presence of the anisotropic effects in the slow-roll parameters changes the perturbation parameters in our setup which may change its observational viability. To check this, we perform a numerical analysis and test the results with Planck2018 TT, TE, EE +lowE+lensing+BK14(18)+BAO data. We show that the intermediate anisotropic inflation in some ranges of the anisotropic and intermediate parameters is observationally viable. We also show that the equilateral amplitude of the non-gaussianity in our model is of the order of $10^{-2}-10^{-1}$. By studying the reheating process in our setup, we find that it is possible to have instantaneous reheating in this model. We also find that the temperature during the reheating in our setup is consistent with Big-Bang nucleosynthesis.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thEPJC(2024)·2 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.