Tue·Jan 30, 2024Tuesday·January 30, 2024

1. 01*

   Yadism: Yet Another Deep-Inelastic Scattering Module

   Alessandro Candido🇮🇹 · Felix Hekhorn🇮🇹 · Giacomo Magni🇳🇱 · Tanjona R. Rabemananjara🇳🇱 · Roy Stegeman🇬🇧

   We present yadism, a library for the evaluation of both polarized and unpolarized deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) structure functions and cross sections up to N${}^3$LO in perturbative QCD. The package provides computations of observables in fixed-flavor and zero-mass variable flavor number schemes. The implementation of the general mass variable flavor number schemes is supported through the high virtuality limits for the heavy flavor coefficients. In addition, yadism provides a set of tools for the generation of interpolation grids in the PDF-independent PineAPPL format, allowing to test the PDF dependence on any DIS observable without needing to rerun the computation. This work is part of an ongoing effort to standardize the format of theory predictions in high-energy physics within the pineline framework. The code is open source, written in Python and documented to facilitate usage, integrations, and further extensions. Finally, the code has been benchmarked against the widely used APFEL++ and QCDNUM libraries.

   hep-phphysics.comp-phEPJC(2024)·40 citations
2. 02*

   Supersymmetry with scalar sequestering

   Howard Baer🇺🇸 · Vernon Barger🇺🇸 · Dakotah Martinez🇺🇸

   Supersymmetric models with a strongly interacting superconformal hidden sector (HS) may drive soft SUSY breaking scalar masses, bilinear soft term B\mu and Higgs combinations m_{H_{u,d}}^2+\mu^2 to small values at some intermediate scale, leading to unique sparticle mass spectra along with possibly diminished finetuning in spite of a large superpotential $\mu$ parameter. We set up a computer code to calculate such spectra, which are then susceptible to a variety of constraints: 1. possible charge-or-color breaking (CCB) minima in the scalar potential, 2. unbounded from below (UFB) scalar potential, 3. improper electroweak symmetry breaking, 4. a charged or sneutrino lightest SUSY particle (LSP), 5. generating m_h~ 125 GeV, 6. consistency with LHC sparticle mass limits, and 7. naturalness. We find this bevy of constraints leaves little or no viable parameter space for the case where hidden sector dynamics dominates MSSM running, even for the case of non-universal gaugino masses. For the case with moderate HS running with comparable MSSM running, and with universal gaugino masses, then the finetuning is ameliorated, but nonetheless remains high. Viable spectra with moderate HS running and with low finetuning and large mu can be found for non-universal gaugino masses.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·2 citations
3. 03*

   Model for bubble nucleation efficiency of low-energy nuclear recoils in bubble chambers for dark matter detection

   Xiang Li🇨🇦 · Marie-Cécile Piro🇨🇦

   Bubble chambers are promising technologies for detecting low-energy nuclear recoils from the elastic scattering of dark matter particle candidates. Bubble nucleation occurs when the energy deposition exceeds a specific threshold defined traditionally by the "heat-spike" Seitz threshold. In this paper, we report on a physical model that can account for observed discrepancies between the current Seitz model and the measured nucleation efficiency of low-energy nuclear recoils, which is necessary for interpreting dark matter signals. In our work, we combine molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations together with the Lindhard model to predict bubble nucleation efficiency and energy thresholds for C${}_3$F${}_8$, CF${}_3$I, and xenon with enhanced accuracy over the Seitz model when compared to existing experimental data. We use our model to determine the effect on cross-section limits for spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions and compare it to the current PICO dark matter experiment. Our technique can also be applied to estimate the efficiency of future target fluids where no experimental data are available. As an example, we predict the nucleation efficiency, the energy threshold and the cross-section limits in the spin-independent channel for the Scintillating Bubble Chamber experiment filled with superheated liquid argon.

   hep-phcond-mat.stat-mechhep-exphysics.ins-detPRD(2024)·3 citations
4. 04*

   Anisotropic flow, flow fluctuation and flow decorrelation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions: the roles of sub-nucleon structure and shear viscosity

   Jie Zhu🇨🇳 · Xiang-Yu Wu🇨🇦 · Guang-You Qin🇨🇳

   We study the transverse momentum ($p_T$) differential anisotropic flow and flow fluctuation in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$=5.02 TeV at the LHC. A (3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics framework with fluctuating TRENTO (or AMPT) initial conditions is utilized to simulate the space-time evolution of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium. The effects of shear viscosity and the sub-nucleon structure on anisotropic flow and flow fluctuation are analyzed. Our result shows that shear viscosity tends to suppress both flow coefficients ($v_2\{2\}$, $v_2\{4\}$, $⟨v_2⟩$) and flow fluctuation (${\sigma }_{v_2}$) due to its smearing effect on local density fluctuation. The flow coefficients appear to be insensitive to the sub-nucleon structure, whereas for flow fluctuation ${\sigma }_{v_2}$, it tends to be suppressed by the sub-nucleon structure in central collisions but enhanced in peripheral collisions. After taking into account the sub-nucleon structure effect, our numerical result can quantitatively describe the relative flow fluctuations ($v_2\{4\}/v_2\{2\}$, $F(v_2)$) measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. We further investigate the effects of shear viscosity, sub-nucleon structure and initial condition model on the flow angle and flow magnitude decorrelations ($A_2^f$, $M_2^f$) using the four-particle correlation method. We find that the flow decorrelation effect is typically stronger in central collisions than in peripheral collisions. The flow angle decorrelation is found to be insensitive to the shear viscosity and sub-nucleon structure, whereas the flow magnitude decorrelation shows quite different behavior when using TRENTO or AMPT initial condition model. Our study sheds light on the anisotropic flow, transport properties and initial structure of the QGP created in high-energy nuclear collisions.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thCPC(2025)·13 citations
5. 05*

   Exploring Optimal Transport for Event-Level Anomaly Detection at the Large Hadron Collider

   Nathaniel Craig🇺🇸 · Jessica N. Howard🇺🇸 · Hancheng Li🇺🇸

   Anomaly detection is a promising, model-agnostic strategy to find physics beyond the Standard Model. State-of-the-art machine learning methods offer impressive performance on anomaly detection tasks, but interpretability, resource, and memory concerns motivate considering a wide range of alternatives. We explore using the 2-Wasserstein distance from optimal transport theory, both as an anomaly score and as input to interpretable machine learning methods, for event-level anomaly detection at the Large Hadron Collider. The choice of ground space plays a key role in optimizing performance. We comment on the feasibility of implementing these methods in the L1 trigger system.

   hep-ph20 citations
6. 06*

   Wigner distributions of sea quarks in the light-cone quark model

   Xiaoyan Luan🇨🇳 · Zhun Lu🇨🇳

   We investigate the Wigner distributions of $\bar{u}$ and $\bar{d}$ quarks in a proton using the overlap representation within the light cone formalism. Using the light cone wave functions which are obtained from the baryon-meson fluctuation model in terms of the $|q\bar{q}B⟩$ Fock states, we calculate the Wigner distributions for the unpolarized/longitudinally polarized sea quark in an unpolarized/longitudinally polarized proton. The Wigner distributions can be obtained through a Fourier transform on the generalized transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions (GTMDs). We also calculate the GTMDs of $\bar{u}$ and $\bar{d}$ quarks in the intermediate step. Numerical results for the Wigner distributions of $\bar{u}$ and $\bar{d}$ quarks in transverse momentum space, impact parameter space and the mixed plane are presented. We also study the orbital angular momentum and the spin-orbit correlations of the sea quarks.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
7. 07*

   New exact analytical solution of the nonlinear Gribov-Levin-Ryskin-Mueller-Qiu equation

   Yanbing Cai🇨🇳 · Xiaopeng Wang🇨🇳 · Xurong Chen🇨🇳

   The GLR-MQ equation is a nonlinear evolution equation that takes into account the shadowing effect, which tames the growth of the gluon at small-$x$. In this study, we analytically solve for the first time the nonlinear GLR-MQ equation using the homogeneous balance method. The definite solution of the GLR-MQ equation is obtained by fitting the MSTW2008LO gluon distribution data. We find that the geometric scaling is an intrinsic property of our analytical solution and the gluon distribution functions from our solution are able to reproduce the MSTW2008LO data. These results indicate that our analytical solution from the homogeneous balance method is valid to describe the gluon behavior at small-$x$. Moreover, the saturation scale $Q_s$ has been extracted from our analytical solution, we find that the energy-dependent saturation scale obeys the exponential law $Q_s^2\propto Q_0^2{e}^{\lambda Y}$.

   hep-phPLB(2025)·3 citations
8. 08*

   Mixed NNLO QCD $\times$ electroweak corrections to single-Z production in pole approximation: differential distributions and forward-backward asymmetry

   Stefan Dittmaier🇩🇪 · Alexander Huss🇨🇭 · Jan Schwarz🇩🇪

   Radiative corrections in pole approximation, which are based on the leading contribution in a systematic expansion of amplitudes about resonance poles, naturally decompose into factorizable corrections attributed to the production or decay of the resonance and non-factorizable corrections induced by soft photon (or gluon) exchange between those subprocesses. In this paper we complete an earlier calculation of mixed QCD$\times$electroweak corrections of $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s\alpha )$ to the neutral-current Drell-Yan cross section in pole approximation by including the previously neglected corrections that are solely related to the Z-boson production process. We present numerical results both for differential distributions and for the forward-backward asymmetry differential in the lepton-pair invariant mass, which is the key observable in the measurement of the effective weak mixing angle at the LHC. Carefully disentangling the various types of factorizable and non-factorizable corrections, we find (as expected in our earlier work) that the by far most important contribution at $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s\alpha )$ originates from the interplay of initial-state QCD corrections and electroweak final-state corrections.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·16 citations
9. 09*

   Detecting highly collimated photon-jets from Higgs boson exotic decays with deep learning

   Xiaocong Ai🇨🇳 · William Y. Feng🇺🇸 · Shih-Chieh Hsu🇺🇸 · Ke Li🇺🇸 · Chih-Ting Lu🇨🇳

   Recently, there has been a growing focus on the search for anomalous objects beyond standard model (BSM) signatures at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). This study investigates novel signatures involving highly collimated photons, referred to as photon-jets. These photon-jets can be generated from highly boosted BSM particles that decay into two or more collimated photons in the final state. Since these photons cannot be isolated from each other, they are treated as a single jet-like object rather than a multi-photon signature. The Higgs portal model is utilized as a prototype for studying photon-jet signatures. Specifically, GEANT4 is employed to simulate electromagnetic showers in an ATLAS-like electromagnetic calorimeter, and three machine learning techniques: Boosted Decision Trees (BDT), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Particle Flow Networks (PFN) are applied to effectively distinguish these photon-jet signatures from single photons and neutral pions within the SM backgrounds. Our models attain an identification efficiency exceeding $99\%$ for photon-jets, coupled with a rejection rate surpassing $99\%$ for SM backgrounds. Furthermore, the sensitivities for searching photon-jet signatures from the Higgs boson exotic decays at the High-Luminosity LHC are obtained.

   hep-phhep-ex3 citations
10. 10*

    Infinite Series Solution of the Time-Dependent Radiative Transfer Equation in Anisotropically Scattering Media

    Vladimir Allakhverdian🇷🇺 · Dmitry V. Naumov🇷🇺

    We solve the radiative transfer equation (RTE) in anisotropically scattering media as an infinite series. Each series term represents a distinct number of scattering events, with analytical solutions derived for zero and single scattering. Higher-order corrections are addressed through numerical calculations or approximations. The RTE solution corresponds to Monte Carlo sampling of photon trajectories with fixed start and end points. Validated against traditional Monte Carlo simulations, featuring random end points, our solution demonstrates enhanced efficiency for both anisotropic and isotropic scattering functions, significantly reducing computational time and resources. The advantage of our method over Monte Carlo simulations varies with the position of interest and the asymmetry of light scattering, but it is typically orders of magnitude faster while achieving the same level of accuracy. The exploitation of hidden symmetries further accelerates our numerical calculations, enhancing the method's overall efficiency. In addition, we extend our analysis to the first and second moments of the photon's flux, elucidating the transition between transport and diffusive regimes.

    hep-phmath-phmath.MPphysics.opticsJ.Quant.Spectrosc.Radiat.Trans.(2024)·0 citations
11. 11*

    New physics model constraints derived from SME coefficient limits using IceCube astrophysical neutrino flavour data

    Carlos. A. Argüelles🇺🇸 · Kareem Farrag🇯🇵 · Teppei Katori🇬🇧

    The IceCube collaboration has set stringent limits on neutrino sector isotropic SME coefficients through the measurement of the astrophysical neutrino flavor data. We investigate the consequences of these limits on various new physics models.

    hep-php208-211; Proceedings of the Ninth Meetin…·2 citations
12. 12*

    Anomalies in Hadronic $B$ Decays

    David London🇨🇦

    In this talk, I describe a global fit to $B\to PP$ decays, where $B=\{B^0,B^{+},B_s^0\}$ and the pseudoscalar $P=\{\pi ,K\}$, under the assumption of flavour SU(3) symmetry [SU(3)${}_F$]. It is found that the individual fits to $\Delta S=0$ or $\Delta S=1$ decays are good, but the combined fit is very poor: there is a $3.6\sigma$ disagreement with the standard model. (This is quite a bit larger than the anomaly in $b\to s{\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$ transitions.) This discrepancy can be removed by adding SU(3)${}_F$-breaking effects, but 1000\% SU(3)${}_F$ breaking is required, considerably more than the $\sim 20\%$ breaking of $f_K/f_{\pi }-1$. These results are rigorous, group-theoretically -- no theoretical assumptions have been made. But when one adds a single assumption motivated by QCD factorization, the discrepancy grows to $4.4\sigma$. These are the anomalies in hadronic $B$ decays. Although one cannot yet claim that new physics is present, it is clear that something very unexpected is going on.

    hep-ph0 citations
13. 13*

    Topological Diagrams and Hadronic Weak Decays of Charmed Baryons

    Huiling Zhong🇨🇳 · Fanrong Xu🇨🇳 · Hai-Yang Cheng🇹🇼

    Inspired by the recent BESIII measurement of the decay asymmetry and the phase shift between $S$- and $P$-wave amplitudes in the decay ${\Lambda }_c^{+}\to {\Xi }^0{K}^{+}$, we perform a global fit to the experimental data of charmed baryon decays based on the topological diagrammatic approach (TDA) which has the advantage that it is more intuitive and easier to implement model calculations. The measured branching fractions and decay asymmetries are well accommodated in TDA except for three modes, in particular, the predicted $\mathcal{B}({\Xi }_c^0\to {\Xi }^{-}{\pi }^{+})=(2.83\pm 0.10)\%$ is larger than its current value. The predicted magnitudes of $S$- and $P$-wave amplitudes and their phase shifts are presented for measured and yet-measured modes which can be tested in forthcoming experiments.

    hep-phhep-ex17 citations
14. 14*

    Dissipative effects on the propagation of spin modes

    Rajeev Singh🇺🇸 · Victor E. Ambrus🇷🇴 · Radoslaw Ryblewski🇵🇱

    In relativistic hydrodynamics with spin, following de Groot--van Leeuwen--van Weert's energy-momentum and spin tensor definitions, we analyze the propagation of spin degrees of freedom. We deduce an analytical formula for spin wave velocity, finding that it approaches half the speed of light in the ultra-relativistic limit. Only transverse degrees of freedom propagate, similar to electromagnetic waves. Additionally, we explore dissipative effects and determine the damping coefficients for Maxwell-Jüttner statistics.

    hep-phnucl-thPoS(2024)·0 citations
15. 15*

    SN1987A constraints to BSM models with extra neutral bosons near the trapping regime: $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ model as an illustrative example

    Kwang-Chang Lai🇹🇼 · Chun Sing Jason Leung🇹🇼 · Guey-Lin Lin🇹🇼

    New physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) with an extra neutral boson can be constrained from the observation of SN1987A, since the production of this neutral boson in a supernova (SN) could accelerate the SN cooling and potentially lead to a period of the neutrino burst incompatible with the observation. The constraint to the model is formulated by the condition $L_{\mathrm{NB}}\le 3\times 10^{52}$ erg/s according to G. Raffelt with $L_{\mathrm{NB}}$ the luminosity of BSM neutral boson. Computing the above luminosity in the large coupling case, the so-called trapping regime, is non-trivial since the luminosity is a competition between the large production rate and the efficient absorption or decay rate of the neutral boson. We illustrate such a subtlety using $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ model as an example where the $Z^{\prime }$ luminosity, $L_{Z^{\prime }}$, from the neutrinosphere is calculated. We calculate $Z^{\prime }$ production, absorption, and decay rates through pair-coalescence, semi-Compton, loop-bremsstrahlung from proton-neutron scattering, and their inverse processes in a benchmark SN simulation with muons. We point out that, as the coupling constant $g_{Z^{\prime }}$ increases, $L_{Z^{\prime }}$ shall be approaching a constant plateau value for a given $m_{Z^{\prime }}$ instead of monotonically decreasing down to zero as obtained in the previous literature. We demonstrate that this plateau phenomenon can be understood by physical arguments and justified by numerical calculations. With a different result on $L_{Z^{\prime }}$ from the previous one, we discuss impacts on the constraints to $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ parameter space by SN1987A. The implication of our result to the similar constraint on a generic BSM model with an extra neutral boson is also discussed.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
16. 16*

    Relativistic magnetohydrodynamics with spin

    Samapan Bhadury🇵🇱 · Wojciech Florkowski🇵🇱 · Amaresh Jaiswal🇮🇳 · Avdhesh Kumar🇹🇼 · Radoslaw Ryblewski🇵🇱

    In this work, we present a novel framework of relativistic non-resistive dissipative magnetohydrodynamics for spin-polarized particles. Utilizing a classical relativistic kinetic equation for the distribution function in an extended phase-space of position, momentum, and spin, we derive equations of motion for dissipative currents at first-order in spacetime gradients. Our findings reveal a coupling between fluid vorticity and magnetization via an electromagnetic field, leading to relativistic analogs of the Einstein-de Haas and Barnett effects. Our study provides a tool for a better understanding of the polarization phenomena observed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

    hep-phnucl-thPoS(2024)·3 citations
17. 17*

    The Low soft-photon theorem again

    V. S. Fadin🇷🇺 · V. A. Khoze🇬🇧

    It is shown that contrary to claims of Ref. [1] the formulated in the proper physical variables Low theorem [2] for soft photon emission does not require any modification. We also reject the criticism in Ref. [1] of the papers [3,4]. At the same time, we identify some inaccuracies in Ref. [3] in the presentation of the soft-photon theorem for the case of spin-one-half particles. We also point out shortcomings in consideration of the Low theorem in the classic textbooks [5,6].

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·4 citations
18. 18*

    Photoproduction of the $X(3872)$ beyond vector meson dominance: the open-charm coupled-channel mechanism

    Xiong-Hui Cao🇨🇳 · Meng-Lin Du🇨🇳 · Feng-Kun Guo🇨🇳

    Hidden-charm exotic hadrons will be searched for and investigated at future electron-ion colliders. For instance, the $X(3872)$ can be produced through the exclusive process $\gamma p\to X(3872)p$. The vector meson dominance model has been commonly employed in estimating the cross sections of such processes. However, the coupled-channel production mechanism through open-charm meson-baryon intermediate states may play a crucial role. To assess the significance of such contributions, we estimate the cross section of the $\gamma p\to X(3872)p$ reaction assuming the coupled-channel mechanism. For energies near the threshold, the total cross section is predicted to be of tens of nanobarns for $\gamma p\to X(3872)p$, which can be measured at future experimental facilities. Furthermore, the open-charm coupled-channel mechanism leads to a distinct line shape of the total cross section that can be utilized to reveal the production dynamics.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thJ.Phys.G(2024)·10 citations
19. 19*

    Oscillations in elastic scattering at large momentum transfer at the LHC?

    Per Grafström🇮🇹

    The available data on elastic scattering at the LHC at large momentum transfer $t$ in the range $0.05<|t|<1.0{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$ have been analyzed in terms of possible oscillating structures. A clearly significant structure is seen in the data from the TOTEM collaboration at 13 TeV. Data measured by the same collaboration at 2.76~TeV, 7~TeV and 8~TeV are not statistically significant to confirm or reject the observation at~13 TeV. More data are needed to understand if the effect is real or an experimental artefact

    hep-ph6 citations
20. 20*

    Numerical Methods for Scalar Field Dark Energy in Table-top Experiments and Lunar Laser Ranging

    Hauke Fischer🇦🇹 · René I.P. Sedmik🇦🇹

    Numerous tabletop experiments have been dedicated to exploring the manifestations of screened scalar field dark energy, such as symmetron or chameleon fields. Precise theoretical predictions require simulating field configurations within the respective experiments. This paper focuses onto the less-explored environment-dependent dilaton field, which emerges in the strong coupling limit of string theory. Due to its exponential self-coupling, this field can exhibit significantly steeper slopes compared to symmetron and chameleon fields, and the equations of motion can be challenging to solve with standard machine precision. We present the first exact solution for the geometry of a vacuum region between two infinitely extended parallel plates. This solution serves as a benchmark for testing the accuracy of numerical solvers. By reparametrizing the model and transforming the equations of motion, we show how to make the model computable across the entire experimentally accessible parameter space. To simulate the dilaton field in one- and two-mirror geometries, as well as spherical configurations, we introduce a non-uniform finite difference method. Additionally, we provide an algorithm for solving the stationary Schrödinger equation for a fermion in one dimension in the presence of a dilaton field. The algorithms developed here are not limited to the dilaton field, but can be applied to similar scalar-tensor theories as well. We demonstrate such applications at hand of the chameleon and symmetron field. Our computational tools have practical applications in a variety of experimental contexts, including gravity resonance spectroscopy (qBounce), Lunar Laser Ranging (LLR), and the upcoming Casimir and Non-Newtonian Force Experiment (CANNEX). A Mathematica implementation of all algorithms is provided.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.IMgr-qcJCAP(2024)·8 citations
21. 21*

    Quantum algorithms in particle physics

    Germán Rodrigo🇪🇸

    We motivate the use of quantum algorithms in particle physics and provide a brief overview of the most recent applications at high-energy colliders. In particular, we discuss in detail how a quantum approach reduces the complexity of jet clustering algorithms, such as anti-kT , and show how quantum algorithms efficiently identify causal configurations of multiloop Feynman diagrams. We also present a quantum integration algorithm, called QFIAE, which is successfully applied to the evaluation of one-loop Feynman integrals in a quantum simulator or in a real quantum device.

    hep-phhep-exhep-thquant-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2024)·10 citations
22. 22*

    Anatomy of Vector-Like Top-Quark Models in the Alignment Limit of the 2-Higgs Doublet Model Type-II

    Abdesslam Arhrib (1)🇲🇦 · Rachid Benbrik (2)🇲🇦 · Mohammed Boukidi (2)🇲🇦 · Bouzid Manaut (3)🇲🇦 · Stefano Moretti (4) (5) ((1) Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Tangier, Morocco, (2) Polydisciplinary Faculty, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Physics, Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid, Safi, Morocco, (3) Polydisciplinary Faculty, Laboratory of Research in Physics and Engineering Sciences, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco, (4) School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, United Kingdom, (5) Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden)🇬🇧

    A comprehensive extension of the ordinary 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM), supplemented by Vector-Like Quarks (VLQs), in the "alignment limit" is presented. In such a scenario, we study the possibility that Large Hadron Collider (LHC) searches for VLQs can profile their nature too, i.e., whether they belong to a singlet, doublet, or triplet representation. To achieve this, we exploit both Standard Model (SM) decays of VLQs with top-(anti)quark Electromagnetic (EM) charge ($T$), i.e., into $b,t$ quarks and $W^{\pm },Z,h$ bosons (which turn out to be suppressed and hence $T$ states can escape existing limits) as well as their exotic decays, i.e., into $b,t$ (and possibly $B$) quarks and $H^{\pm },H,A$ bosons. We show that quite specific decay patterns emerge in the different VLQ representations so that, depending upon which $T$ signals are accessed at the LHC, one may be able to ascertain the underlying Beyond Standard Model (BSM) structure, especially if mass knowledge of the new fermionic and bosonic sectors can be inferred from (other) data.

    hep-phEPJC(2025)·23 citations
23. 23*

    Neutrino Masses and Higher Degree Siegel Modular Forms

    Maibam Ricky Devi🇮🇳

    In this work, we have analyzed a neutrino model within the distinct framework of modular forms with degree, $g>1$ . This offers a more generalized scenario of modular forms which is popularly known as Siegel modular forms. We explore the implications of this special case of automorphic forms for physics beyond the standard model (BSM) within the lepton sector. In our model, we explicitly treat the Yukawa couplings as Siegel modular forms with both degree and level being equivalent to 2. We restrict our modulus parameter for ${\tau }_1={\tau }_2$ spanning within the finite modular $S_4\times Z_2$ space. This helps us for a broader understanding of the multiplets at higher degree and simplifies the process of model building of the fermion masses. At the end, we compute the unknown neutrino oscillation parameters and find the optimal values of the modulus parameters ${\tau }_1$ and ${\tau }_3$ for which the values of the Yukawa couplings are consistent at $3\sigma$ for the input parameters of neutrinos as given in NuFIT 5.2 and discuss its underlying physics.

    hep-ph13 citations
24. 24*

    Semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering at NNLO in QCD

    Leonardo Bonino🇨🇭 · Thomas Gehrmann🇨🇭 · Giovanni Stagnitto🇮🇹

    Semi-inclusive hadron production processes in deep-inelastic lepton-nucleon scattering are important probes of the quark flavour structure of the nucleon and of the fragmentation dynamics of quarks into hadrons. We compute the full next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) QCD corrections to the coefficient functions for semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) in analytical form. The numerical impact of these corrections for precision physics is illustrated by a detailed comparison with data on single inclusive hadron spectra from the CERN COMPASS experiment.

    hep-phPRL(2024)·60 citations
25. 25*

    Inclusive photoproduction of charmonia-bottomonia pairs

    Marat Siddikov🇨🇱

    In this preprint we analyze the inclusive photoproduction of heavy charmonia-bottomonia pairs in the Color Glass Condensate framework and demonstrate that the cross-section of the process is sensitive to dipole and quadrupole forward scattering amplitudes (2- and 4-point correlators of Wilson lines). Using the phenomenological parametrizations of these amplitudes, we estimate numerically the production cross-sections in the kinematics of the forthcoming Electron Ion Collider and the ultraperipheral collisions at LHC. We found that the contribution controlled by the quadrupole amplitude is dominant, and for this reason, the suggested channel can be used as a gateway for studies of this nonperturbative object.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·1 citation
26. 26*

    Unveiling the $a_0(1710)$ nature in the process $J/\psi \to {\bar{K}}^0{K}^{+}{\rho }^{-}$

    Yan Ding🇨🇳 · En Wang🇨🇳 · De-Min Li🇨🇳 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳 · Ju-Jun Xie🇨🇳

    We have investigated the process $J/\psi \to {\bar{K}}^0{K}^{+}{\rho }^{-}$ by taking into account the $S$-wave $K^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$, $\rho \omega$, and $\rho \varphi$ final-state interactions, where the scalar meson $a_0(1710)$ is generated. In addition, we also take into account the contributions from the scalar $a_0(980)(\to {\bar{K}}^0{K}^{+})$ and the intermediate resonances $K_1(1270{)}^{-}(\to {\bar{K}}^0{\rho }^{-})$ and $K_1(1270{)}^0(\to K^{+}{\rho }^{-})$. Our results show that, in the ${\bar{K}}^0{K}^{+}$ invariant mass distribution, a clear peak structure around 1.8~GeV appears, which could be associated with the scalar $a_0(1710)$, however, no significant structure of the $a_0(980)$ is observed. On the other hand, one can find clear peaks of the $K_1(1270)$ in the ${\bar{K}}^0{\rho }^{-}$ and $K^{+}{\rho }^{-}$ invariant mass distributions. The future precise measurement of this process by the BESIII and Belle II Collaborations and the planned Super Tau-Charm Facility (STCF) in the future could shed light on the nature of $a_0(1710)$.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·13 citations
27. 27*

    Neutron star kick driven by asymmetric fast-neutrino flavor conversion

    Hiroki Nagakura🇯🇵 · Kohsuke Sumiyoshi🇯🇵

    Multi-dimensional nature of core-collapse supernova (CCSN) leads to asymmetric matter ejection and neutrino emission, that potentially accounts for the origin of neutron star (NS) kick. Asymmetric neutrino radiation fields are, in general, accompanied by large-scale inhomogeneous fluid distributions, in particular for electron-fraction ($Y_e$) distributions. Recently, it has also been revealed that lower $Y_e$ environments in proto-neutron star envelope can offer preferable conditions for collective neutrino oscillations. In this paper, we show that a dipole asymmetry of fast neutrino-flavor conversion (FFC), one of the collective neutrino oscillation modes, can power a NS kick, and that it would generate a characteristic correlation between asymmetric distributions of heavy elements in the ejecta and the direction of NS kick. We strengthen our argument for the FFC-driven NS kick mechanism by performing axisymmetric neutrino transport simulations with full Boltzmann neutrino transport. We show that this mechanism can generate sufficient linear momentum of neutrinos to account for typical proper motions of NS. Although more detailed studies are necessary, the present study opens a new channel to give a natal NS kick.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·13 citations
28. 28*

    Entanglement Entropy of ($2+1$)-Dimensional SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory on Plaquette Chains

    Lukas Ebner🇩🇪 · Andreas Schäfer🇩🇪 · Clemens Seidl🇩🇪 · Berndt Müller🇺🇸 · Xiaojun Yao🇺🇸

    We study the entanglement entropy of Hamiltonian SU(2) lattice gauge theory in $2+1$ dimensions on linear plaquette chains and show that the entanglement entropies of both ground and excited states follow Page curves. The transition of the subsystem size dependence of the entanglement entropy from the area law for the ground state to the volume law for highly excited states is found to be described by a universal crossover function. Quantum many-body scars in the middle of the spectrum, which are present in the electric flux truncated Hilbert space, where the gauge theory can be mapped onto an Ising model, disappear when higher electric field representations are included in the Hilbert space basis. This suggests the continuum $(2+1)$-dimensional SU(2) gauge theory does not have such scarred states.

    ↳ hep-latcond-mat.stat-mechhep-phhep-th+1PRD(2024)·45 citations
29. 29*

    A quantitative analysis of the effect of box size in N-body simulations of the matter power spectrum

    Maxim Eingorn · Ezgi Yilmaz · A. Emrah Yükselci🇹🇷 · Alexander Zhuk🇩🇪

    We study the effect of box size on the matter power spectrum obtained via cosmological N-body simulations. Within the framework of the cosmic screening approach, we show that the relative deviation between the spectra for our largest comoving box with L = 5632 Mpc/h and those for L = 280, 560, 1680, 4480, 5120 Mpc/h boxes consistently increases with decreasing box size in the latter set in the redshift range $0\le z\le 80$ for the considered values. As an additional demonstrative example, at redshift zero, we determine the values $k_{1\%}$ corresponding to the modes at which relative deviations reach 1\%.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-th0 citations
30. 30*

    Subgrid modeling of neutrino oscillations in astrophysics

    Lucas Johns🇺🇸

    Approximating neutrino oscillations as subgrid physics is an appealing prospect for simulators of core-collapse supernovae and neutron-star mergers. Because flavor instabilities quickly lead to quasisteady states in oscillation calculations, it is widely believed that flavor mixing can be approximated in astrophysical simulations by mapping unstable states onto the appropriate asymptotic ones. Subgrid models of this kind, however, are not self-consistent. The miscidynamic theory of quantum-coherent gases furnishes a subgrid model that is.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2025)·34 citations
31. 31*

    Global polarization and spin alignment in heavy-ion collisions: past, present and future

    Wen-Bo Dong🇨🇳 · Xin-Li Sheng🇮🇹 · Yi-Liang Yin🇨🇳 · Qun Wang🇨🇳

    We give a brief overview on global polarization and spin alignment in heavy ion collisions. The current theoretical understandings on global polarization of hyperons and the global spin alignment of vector mesons are summarized.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPoS(2024)·5 citations
32. 32*

    Search for heavy dark matter from dwarf spheroidal galaxies: leveraging cascades and subhalo models

    Deheng Song🇯🇵 · Nagisa Hiroshima🇯🇵 · Kohta Murase🇺🇸

    The Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT) has been widely used to search for Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) dark matter signals due to its unparalleled sensitivity in the GeV energy band. The leading constraints for WIMP by Fermi-LAT are obtained from the analyses of dwarf spheroidal galaxies within the Local Group, which are compelling targets for dark matter searches due to their relatively low astrophysical backgrounds and high dark matter content. In the meantime, the search for heavy dark matter with masses above TeV remains a compelling and relatively unexplored frontier. In this study, we utilize 14-year Fermi-LAT data to search for dark matter annihilation and decay signals in 8 classical dwarf spheroidal galaxies within the Local Group. We consider secondary emission caused by electromagnetic cascades of prompt gamma rays and electrons/positrons from dark matter, which enables us to extend the search with Fermi-LAT to heavier dark matter cases. We also update the dark matter subhalo model with informative priors respecting the fact that they reside in subhalos of our Milky Way halo aiming to enhance the robustness of our results. We place constraints on dark matter annihilation cross section and decay lifetime for dark matter masses ranging from $10^3$ GeV to $10^{11}$ GeV, where our limits are more stringent than those obtained by many other high-energy gamma-ray instruments.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2024)·18 citations
33. 33*

    Constraints on an Anisotropic Universe

    Mark P. Hertzberg🇺🇸 · Abraham Loeb🇺🇸

    We analyze the possibility of global anisotropy of the universe. We consider an altered Friedmann Lemaitre Robertson Walker metric in which there are different scale factors along the three different axes of space. We construct the corresponding altered Friedmann equations. We show that any initial anisotropies decrease into the future. At late times, the difference in Hubble parameters changes as $1/\sqrt{t}$ in a radiation dominated era and as $1/t$ in a matter dominated era. We use constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and the Cosmic Microwave Background to constrain the level of anisotropies at early times. We also examine how the approach back in time to the singularity is radically altered; happening much more abruptly, as a function of density, in an anisotropic universe. We also mention improved bounds that can arise from measurements of primordial gravitons, Weakly interacting massive particles, and neutrinos.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·24 citations
34. 34*

    Resonant Graviton-Photon Conversion with Stochastic Magnetic Field in the Expanding Universe

    Andrea Addazi🇨🇳 · Salvatore Capozziello🇮🇹 · Qingyu Gan🇮🇹

    We investigate graviton-photon oscillations sourced by cosmological magnetic fields from Gertsenshtein effect. We adopt a robust perturbative approach and we find that the conversion probability from graviton to photon can be resonantly enhanced in monochromatic, multi-chromatic and scale invariant spectrum models of stochastic magnetic field fluctuations. In addition, the expansion of the Universe acts as a decoherence factor, which demands a natural discretization scheme along the line of sight. Including also decoherence from cosmic acceleration, we find that conversion probabilities for stochastic magnetic fields are completely different than results predicted from existing magnetic domain-like models in a wide range of magnetic strengths and coherence lengths. Resonances can be tested by radio telescopes as a probe of high frequency gravitational wave sources and primordial magnetogenesis mechanisms.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPhys.Dark Univ.(2025)·11 citations
35. 35*

    Effect of a critical magnetic field on the control of scalar neutral boson pair production in the context of Lorentz-symmetry violation

    Andrés G. Jirón🇵🇪 · Angel E. Obispo🇵🇪 · J. Daniel Espinoza Loayza🇵🇪 · Juan Carlos Quispe🇵🇪 · Luis B. Castro🇧🇷

    This study investigates the production of neutral scalar boson pairs in static electromagnetic fields resulting from Lorentz-symmetry violation (LSV), with a focus on the parity-even sector of the CPT-even photon sector in the Standard Model Extension (SME). Utilizing a cross-configuration involving inhomogeneous static electric fields and homogeneous static magnetic fields, the analysis of the probability of bosons pair production identifies three different regimes determined by critical magnetic field. Below the critical value, creation is exponentially suppressed; at the critical value, the number density of created bosons remains constant, and above the critical field, there is exponential amplification. This behavior prompts an additional investigation using von Neumann entanglement entropy to analyze fluctuations in the bosonic vacuum.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phquant-phEPL(2024)·1 citation
36. 36*

    Astrophysical Equation-of-State Constraints on the Color-Superconducting Gap

    Aleksi Kurkela🇳🇴 · Krishna Rajagopal🇺🇸 · Rachel Steinhorst🇺🇸

    We demonstrate that astrophysical constraints on the dense-matter equation of state place an upper bound on the color-superconducting gap in dense matter above the transition from nuclear matter to quark matter. Pairing effects in the color-flavor locked (CFL) quark matter phase increase the pressure at high density, and if this effect is sufficiently large then the requirements of causality and mechanical stability make it impossible to reach such a pressure in a way that is consistent with what is known at lower densities. The intermediate-density equation of state is inferred by considering extensions of chiral effective field theory (CEFT) to neutron star densities, and conditioning these using current astrophysical observations of neutron star radius, maximum mass, and tidal deformability (PSR J0348+0432, PSR J1624-2230, PSR J0740+6620, GW170817). At baryon number chemical potential $\mu =2.6\text{GeV}$ we find a 95% upper limit on the CFL pairing gap $\Delta$ of $457\text{MeV}$ using overly conservative assumptions and $216\text{MeV}$ with more reasonable assumptions. This constraint may be strengthened by future astrophysical measurements as well as by future advances in high density QCD calculations.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPRL(2024)·55 citations
37. 37*

    Pauli-Villars regularization of Kaluza-Klein Casimir energy with Lorentz symmetry

    Hiroki Matsui🇯🇵 · Yutaka Sakamura🇯🇵

    The Pauli-Villars regularization is appropriate to discuss the UV sensitivity of low-energy observables because it mimics how the contributions of new particles at high energies cancel large quantum corrections from the light particles in the effective field theory. We discuss the UV sensitivity of the Casimir energy density and pressure in an extra-dimensional model in this regularization scheme, and clarify the condition on the regulator fields to preserve the Lorentz symmetry of the vacuum state. Some of the conditions are automatically satisfied in spontaneously-broken supersymmetric models, but supersymmetry is not enough to ensure the Lorentz symmetry. We show that the necessary regulators can be introduced as bulk fields. We also evaluate the Casimir energy density with such regulators, and its deviation from the result obtained in the analytic regularization.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phPTEP(2024)·2 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.