Tue·Jan 16, 2024Tuesday·January 16, 2024

1. 01*

   Searches for axion-like particles in proton-proton and ion-ion collisions at energies in the center of mass system of 5.02 TeV and 13 TeV

   T.V. Obikhod🇺🇦 · S.B. Chernyshenko🇺🇦

   As part of experimental measurements by the ATLAS collaboration during 2015 and 2018 years of light-on-light scattering in Pb+Pb collisions, at an integrated luminosity of 2.2 nb${}^{-1}$ and energy of 5.02 TeV, we modeled the cross sections of the axion-like particle (ALP) production, candidates for dark matter, with subsequent decay into gamma quanta. The obtained calculations showed the dependence of the cross section on the number of ALPs events, on the energy in the center of mass system in proton-proton and Pb-Pb collisions and on the mass region of the ALPs. Using four models with the parameters, which specify the Good-Walker eigenstates, we calculated the ALP production cross sections in proton-proton collisions for the single dissociation and diffractive dissociation components.

   hep-phnucl-exIOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP…·0 citations
2. 02*

   Examination of $k_t$-factorization in a Yukawa theory

   B. Guiot🇨🇱 · A. van Hameren🇵🇱

   We discuss the upper limit, $k_{\text{max}}$, of the transverse-momentum integration performed in the $k_t$-factorization formula. Based on explicit calculations in the Yukawa theory and the study of seminal papers, we argue that $k_{\text{max}}$ is equal to the factorization scale ${\mu }_F$ used to factorize the cross section into an off-shell hard coefficient and a universal factor. There is consequently a relation between $k_{\text{max}}$ and the definition of unintegrated parton densities (UPDFs). The use of an inconsistent relation leads potentially to the overestimation of the cross section, which has been observed, e.g., in D-meson production. One of our conclusions is that UPDFs related to collinear PDFs by an integration up to $\mu \sim Q$, where $Q$ is the hard scale and $\mu$ the scale in the collinear PDFs, imply that $k_{\text{max}}^2\sim Q^2$. Integrating the transverse-momentum significantly above may result in the overestimation of the cross section. On the opposite, for UPDFs related to the collinear ones by an integration of the transverse momentum up to infinity, any $k_{\text{max}}^2>Q^2$ is fine.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·5 citations
3. 03*

   Drell-Yan Bounds on Gapped Continuum Spectra

   Ernesto Arganda🇪🇸 · Antonio Delgado🇺🇸 · Adam Martin🇺🇸 · Eugenio Megias🇪🇸 · Roberto Morales🇦🇷 · Mariano Quiros🇪🇸 · Torrey Saxton🇺🇸

   Theories with gapped continuum spectra have gotten some attention, either as pure 4D models like unparticles, or in 5D realizations as certain soft walls constructions. In this paper, we derive experimental bounds from Drell-Yan processes ($pp\to {\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}$, $pp\to {\ell }^{\pm }\nu$) in a particular scenario where the electroweak bosons propagate in an extra dimension that produces a propagator with a continuum spectrum, on top of the isolated corresponding Standard Model pole. Using current LHC data we put a lower bound on the gap of 4.2 TeV (expected), 6.2 TeV (observed, bins with $<10$ events combined) at 95\% CL, with some dependence in the observed limit on how low statistics bins are treated. We also study the limits for HL-LHC.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·1 citation
4. 04*

   Properties of doubly heavy spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ baryons: The ground and excited states

   M. Shekari Tousi🇮🇷 · K. Azizi🇮🇷

   We determine the masses and residues of the ground and excited spin-$\frac{1}{2}$ baryons consist of two heavy b or c quark utilizing the QCD sum rule formalism. In the calculations, we consider the nonperturbative operators up to ten mass dimensions in order to increase the accuracy compared to the previous calculations. We report the obtained results for both the symmetric and anti-symmetric currents defining the doubly heavy baryons of the ground state (1S), first orbitally excited state (1P) and first radially excited state (2S). We compare our results with the predictions of other nonperturbative approaches as well as existing experimental data which is available only for the ground state of ${\Xi }_{cc}$ channel. These predictions can help the experimental groups in their searches for all members of the doubly heavy baryons in their ground and exited states.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2024)·17 citations
5. 05*

   Axion Detection with Quantum Hall Effect

   Aiichi Iwazaki🇯🇵

   Plateau-plateau transition in integer quantum Hall effect is a phase transition between metal and insulator. The behavior how the width $\Delta B$ of the transition changes with temperature and frequency of radiations imposed has been explored extensively. It decreases with the decrease of temperature and frequency, but saturates at critical temperature or frequency. We have recently discussed the effect of axion dark matter on the saturation. The axion generates radiations under strong magnetic field in the experiment of quantum Hall effect. The radiations play a similar role to the one of radiations imposed externally. In this paper we discuss in detail how the width behaves in temperature and frequency under the effect of axion dark matter. We show that the axion effect can be observable in low temperature roughly below $100$mK. According to our detailed analysis of the saturation, we find that critical frequency of saturation observed in previous experiment strongly suggests axion mass $m_a=(0.95\sim 0.99)\times 10^{-5}$eV.

   hep-phPTEP(2024)·1 citation
6. 06*

   A comment on the impact of CMD-3 $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ cross section measurement on the SM $g_{\mu }-2$ value

   V. V. Bryzgalov (1)🇷🇺 · O. V. Zenin (1) ((1) National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute" -- Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia)🇷🇺

   We estimated an impact of the recent CMD-3 measurement of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ total cross section at $0.3<\sqrt{s}<1.2$ GeV on the leading order hadronic contribution $a_{\mu }^{had,LO}$ to the muon anomalous magnetic moment $a_{\mu }=(g_{\mu }-2)/2$, in presence of comparably precise ISR measurements of the cross section by BaBar and KLOE experiments being in significant tension with the CMD-3. Assuming that all the experiments are affected by yet unidentified systematic effects, to account for the latter, we scaled the experimental uncertainties following the PDG prescription, thus facilitating a consistent joint fit of the world data on the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ total cross section. The same procedure was applied in all $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to hadrons$ channels contributing to the dispersive estimate of $a_{\mu }^{had,LO}$. Despite an inclusion of the new CMD-3 ${\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ data, our estimate $a_{\mu }^{had,LO}(e^{+}{e}^{-})=(696.2\pm 2.9)\times 10^{-10}$ is consistent with $a_{\mu }^{had,LO}(e^{+}{e}^{-})$ values obtained by other authors before publication of the CMD-3 result. Including our $a_{\mu }^{had,LO}$ value into the SM prediction for $a_{\mu }$, we obtain $a_{\mu }^{SM}=(11659184\pm 4_{\mathrm{tot}})\times 10^{-10}$ which is by $4.7\sigma$ smaller than the world average for the experimental value $a_{\mu }^{exp}=(11659205.9\pm 2.2)\times 10^{-10}$. We confirm the observation by the CMD-3 authors that their $\sigma (e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-})$ measurement, when taken alone, implies the $a_{\mu }^{SM}$ prediction consistent with the $a_{\mu }^{exp}$ at $\sim 1\sigma$ level.

   hep-ph4 citations
7. 07*

   Quantum Chromodynamics of the Nucleon in the Framework of Complex Probabilistic Processes

   A.S. Gevorkyan🇦🇲 · A.V. Bogdanov🇷🇺

   Soon after the postulation of quarks by Gell-Mann, Zweig and Fritzsch the experimental confirmation of these sub-nucleon formations, Feynman, Ravndal and Kislinger proposed a relativistic three-quark model of the nucleon to study its internal structure and state. Despite the obvious progress in describing the internal motion of a system with confinement of quarks in a nucleon, it should be stated that the model is not realistic enough. The fact is that the model ignores the processes of gluon exchange between quarks, as well as the influence of continuously formed pairs of quarks and antiquarks (quark sea) on valence quarks. To overcome this difficulty, the problem of self-organization of a three-quark dynamical system immersed in a colored quark-antiquark sea is considered within the framework of the representation of complex probabilistic processes satisfying the stochastic differential equation of Langevin-Kline-Gordon-Fock type. Taking into account the hidden symmetry of the internal motion of a dynamical system, a mathematically closed non-perturbative approach has been developed, which makes it possible to construct the mathematical expectation of the wave function and other parameters of the nucleon in the form of multiple integral representations. The developed approach can be especially useful for studying the state of nucleons in critical states, which occurs, for example, in massive and dense stellar formations such as neutron stars, etc.

   hep-phnucl-thSymmetry(2024)·1 citation
8. 08*

   Domain Walls in the $A_4$ Flavored NMSSM

   Mohamed Amin Loualidi🇦🇪 · Salah Nasri🇦🇪

   In this work, we study the phenomenology of neutrinos and the formation of cosmic domain walls in the NMSSM extended by an $A_4\times Z_3$ flavor symmetry. Neutrino masses result from the type I seesaw mechanism using only two flavon fields and the NMSSM singlet $\mathcal{S}$ while their mixing is of Trimaximal mixing form. We perform our phenomenological study in the normal mass hierarchy where we find that observables like $m_{\beta \beta }$, $m_{\beta }$, and ${\sum }_i{m}_i$ can be tested by future experiments. Due to the difference between the $A_4$ subgroups that undergo spontaneous breaking in both the charged lepton and neutrino sectors, the resulting domain walls in each sector exhibit distinct structures. We delve into the details of the breaking patterns within these two sectors, and we introduce a nuanced geometric representation for them. To tackle the domain wall problem, we explore a well-established method involving the explicit breaking of the flavor symmetry. This is achieved through the introduction of Planck-suppressed operators induced by supergravity.

   hep-ph0 citations
9. 09*

   Analysis of the $gg\to H\to hh\to 4\tau$ process in the 2HDM lepton specific model at the LHC

   Yan Ma🇨🇳 · A. Arhrib🇲🇦 · S. Moretti🇸🇪 · S. Semlali🇬🇧 · Y. Wang🇨🇳 · Q.S. Yan🇨🇳

   We analyse the signature of a light Higgs boson pair in the 2-Higgs Doublet Model(2HDM) Type-X (or lepton specific) over the parameter spaces allowed by theoretical self-consistency requirements as well as the latest experimental constraints from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), precision test data and $B$ physics. Over the viable regions of the latter, wherein the Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs boson discovered at the LHC in 2012 is the heavier CP-even state of the 2HDM, $H$, it is found that the SM-like Higgs boson can decay into a pair of the lighter CP-even Higgs boson, $h$, via the process $H\to hh$ with a Branching Ratio (BR) of $5\%-10\%$ or so, (with $2m_h<m_H=125$ GeV). Furthermore, in the Type-X scenario, the lighter Higgs bosons $h$ can dominantly decay into two $\tau$'s due to a large $\tan \beta$. Therefore, the pair of lighter Higgs bosons can altogether decay into a 4 $\tau$ final state. In order to suppress the huge SM background events, we confine ourself to consider the fraction of signal events with two Same-Sign (SS) $\tau$'s further decaying into same sign leptons while the other two $\tau$'s decay hadronically. By using Monte Carlo (MC) and Machine Learning (ML) tools, we thus focus on the analysis of the signal process $pp\to H\to hh\to {\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}{\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}\to \ell v_{\ell }\ell v_{\ell }{\tau }_h{\tau }_h$ (where $\ell =e,\mu$ and ${\tau }_h$ means a hadronic decay of the $\tau$) and explore the feasibility of such a search at the LHC for a collision energy $\sqrt{s}=\text{14 TeV}$ and a luminosity $\text{300}{\text{fb}}^{-1}$

   hep-ph2 citations
10. 10*

    Neutrino-antineutrino Asymmetry of C$\nu$B on the Surface of the Round Earth

    Guo-yuan Huang🇩🇪

    It has been claimed that the coherent scattering of relic neutrinos with the Earth will result in a neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$ on the Earth surface, which is five orders of magnitude larger than the naive model expectation. In this work we show that this overdensity was overestimated for the perfectly round Earth by solving the exact solution with partial waves. The maximal asymmetry after summing over all the angular modes is only around $10^{-8}$ above the ground. To achieve the proposed asymmetry of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-4})$, a special geography may be needed as the experimental site.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·9 citations
11. 11*

    Exploring dark matter-gauge boson effective interactions at the current and future colliders

    Yu Zhang🇨🇳 · Yi-Wei Huang🇨🇳 · Wei-Tao Zhang🇨🇳 · Mao Song🇨🇳 · Ran Ding🇨🇳

    In this work, we investigate the collider constraints on effective interactions between Dark Matter (DM) particles and electroweak gauge bosons in a systematic way. We consider the simplified models in which scalar or Dirac fermion DM candidates only couple to electroweak gauge bosons through high dimensional effective operators. Taking into account the induced DM-quarks and DM-gluons operators from the Renormalization Group Evolution (RGE) running effect, we present comprehensive constraints on effective energy scale $\Lambda$ and Wilson coefficients $C_B(\Lambda ),C_W(\Lambda )$ from direct detection, indirect detection, and collider searches. In particular, we present the corresponding sensitivity from the Large Hadron Electron Collider (LHeC) and the Future Circular Collider in electron-proton mode (FCC-ep) for the first time, update the mono-$j$ and mono-$\gamma$ search limits at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and derive the new limits at the Circular Electron Positron Collider (CEPC).

    hep-phCPC(2024)·1 citation
12. 12*

    Spatial distribution of ultracold neutron probability density in the gravitational field of the earth above a mirror

    Derar Altarawneh🇯🇴 · Roman Höllwieser🇩🇪 · Markus Wellenzohn🇦🇹

    We propose a theoretical analysis of the experimental data by Ichikawa et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 071101 (2014)) on a spatial distribution of ultracold neutrons in the gravitational field of the Earth above a mirror, projected onto a pixelated detector by scattering by a cylindrical mirror. We calculate a theoretical spatial distribution of a probability density of quantum gravitational states of ultracold neutrons and analyse a spatial distribution of quantum gravitational states in term of the Wigner function. We cannot confirm that the experimental data by Ichikawa et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 071101 (2014)) correspond to a spatial distribution of quantum gravitational states of ultracold neutrons.

    hep-phUniverse(2024)·2 citations
13. 13*

    More on minimal renormalon subtraction

    Andreas S. Kronfeld🇺🇸

    The minimal renormalon subtraction (MRS) [arXiv:1802.04248; arXiv:1712.04983; arXiv:1701.00347; arXiv:2310.15137] technique is summarized. A new result is a study of the scale dependence of the pole-mass--$\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$-mass ratio in MRS perturbation theory. As expected, the scale dependence is much milder than in standard perturbation theory, but it is a bit larger than other truncation effects such as omitting the N3LO term or varying the normalization of the renormalon subtraction.

    hep-phhep-latPoS(2024)·6 citations
14. 14*

    A Possible Mechanism to Alter Gyromagnetic Factor

    Jing-Ling Chen🇨🇳 · Xing-Yan Fan🇨🇳 · Xiang-Ru Xie🇨🇳

    Dirac has predicted that the $g$ factor of an electron is strictly equal to 2 in the framework of relativistic quantum mechanics. However, later physicists have found that this factor can be slightly deviated from 2 (i.e., the problem of anomalous magnetic moments of leptons) when they consider quantum filed theory. This fact thus renders the $g$ factors of free leptons serving as precision tests for quantum electrodynamics, the standard model and beyond. In this work, we re-examine the problem of $g$ factor within the framework of relativistic quantum mechanics. We propose a possible mechanism called the ``electron-braidon mixing'', such that the $g$ factor of an electron can be visibly altered. Our results are hopeful to be verified in experiments and also shed new light to the problem of the anomalous magnetic moments of leptons.

    hep-phhep-thnucl-thquant-phResults Phys.(2025)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Exploring the photoproduction of $\rho$ and $\varphi$ in hadronic heavy-ion collisions

    Kaifeng Shen🇨🇳 · Xin Wu🇨🇳 · Zebo Tang🇨🇳 · Wangmei Zha🇨🇳

    Significant enhancements of J/$\psi$ production have been observed by various experiments at RHIC and LHC for very low transverse momenta in peripheral heavy-ion collisions, which has ignited a surge of investigations into photon-induced processes in hadronic heavy-ion collisions (HHICs). Within this wave of research enthusiasm, the search for more photon induced products in HHICs becomes paramount. In this paper, we perform the calculation of the $\rho$ and $\varphi$ production resulting from photon-nucleus interactions in HHICs, which are crucial probes for studying the properties of Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) in HHICs. Our study reveals that, in comparison to hadronic production, the photon-induced production of $\rho$ and $\varphi$ does not reach the same level of significance as that observed in J/$\psi$ production. Nevertheless, it remains substantial, especially in peripheral collisions, holding great promise for experimental verification in the imminent future.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·3 citations
16. 16*

    Signatures of Solar Chameleons in the Earth's Magnetic Field

    Tanmoy Kumar🇮🇳 · Sourov Roy🇮🇳

    Chameleon dark energy models are a popular alternative to the standard cosmological constant model. These models consist of a new light degree of freedom, called chameleon, with a density dependent mass and a non-trivial coupling to both matter and photons. Owing to these couplings, chameleons can be produced inside the sun. However due to their density dependent mass, the chameleons produced in the solar core are screened and cannot escape whereas those produced outside the solar core, such as in the \textit{tachocline} region with energies of the order of few a keV, can escape from the sun and travel all the way towards Earth. Hence the Earth is expected to receive a flux of \textit{solar chameleons}. In this work we propose a \textit{light shining through wall} (LSW) type of experiment in which the Earth itself acts as a wall. Both photons and chameleons are incident on the light side of the Earth. While all the photons are stopped by the Earth, only a fraction of the chameleons are stopped by the earth due to screening. Those chameleons which are not screened by the earth pass directly through the Earth and exit the night side. Here these chameleons interact with the geomagnetic field and convert into X-ray photons. A space based X-ray telescope orbiting the Earth can detect these X-ray photons, while passing through the night side, thereby acting as a detector in this LSW type experiment. We show that such a kind of setup can be complementary to other terrestrial experiments looking for chameleons.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcPRD(2024)·5 citations
17. 17*

    Focus topics for the ECFA study on Higgs / Top / EW factories

    Jorge de Blas🇪🇸 · Patrick Koppenburg🇳🇱 · Jenny List🇩🇪 · Fabio Maltoni (editors)🇧🇪 · Juan Alcaraz Maestre🇪🇸 · Juliette Alimena🇩🇪 · John Alison🇺🇸 · Patrizia Azzi🇮🇹 · Paolo Azzurri🇮🇹 · Emanuele Bagnaschi🇨🇭 · Timothy Barklow🇺🇸 · Matthew J. Basso🇨🇦 and 96 other authors

    In order to stimulate new engagement and trigger some concrete studies in areas where further work would be beneficial towards fully understanding the physics potential of an $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Higgs / Top / Electroweak factory, we propose to define a set of focus topics. The general reasoning and the proposed topics are described in this document.

    hep-phhep-ex43 citations
18. 18*

    String interactions as a source of collective behaviour

    Christian Bierlich🇸🇪

    The discovery of collective effects in small collision systems, have spurred a renewed interest in hadronization models, also as a source for collective effects all the way to large collision systems, where they are usually ascribed to the creation of a Quark--Gluon Plasma. In this topical mini-review, the microscopic model for string interactions, based on the Lund string hadronization model, developed with exactly this aim is reviewed, and some prospects for the future presented.

    hep-phUniverse(2024)·13 citations
19. 19*

    Stability constraint for spin equation of state

    Asaad Daher🇵🇱 · Wojciech Florkowski🇵🇱 · Radoslaw Ryblewski🇵🇱

    A generalized Frenkel condition is proposed for use in spin hydrodynamics to relate the spin density and spin polarization (or spin chemical potential) tensors. It allows for independent treatment of electric- and magnetic-like components of the spin density tensor, which helps to fulfill the stability conditions recently derived in the literature. The generalized Frenkel condition extrapolates between the original Frenkel condition, where only the magnetic-like part of the spin tensor is present, and the case where the spin density tensor is directly proportional to the spin polarization tensor. We also demonstrate that our approach is supported by the result of a microscopic calculation.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·15 citations
20. 20*

    Symbol letters of Feynman integrals from Gram determinants

    Xuhang Jiang🇨🇳 · Jiahao Liu🇨🇳 · Xiaofeng Xu🇩🇪 · Li Lin Yang🇨🇳

    Symbol letters are crucial for analytically calculating Feynman integrals in terms of iterated integrals. We present a novel method to construct the symbol letters for a given integral family without prior knowledge of the canonical differential equations. We provide a program package implementing our algorithm, and demonstrate its effectiveness in solving non-trivial problems with multiple loops and legs. Using our method, we successfully bootstrap the canonical differential equations for a two-loop five-point family with two external masses and for a three-loop four-point family with two external masses, which were previously unknown in the literature. We anticipate that our method can be applied to a wide range of cutting-edge calculations in the future.

    hep-phhep-thPLB(2025)·43 citations
21. 21*

    Four-quark scatterings in QCD II

    Wei-jie Fu🇨🇳 · Chuang Huang🇨🇳 · Jan M. Pawlowski🇩🇪 · Yang-yang Tan🇨🇳

    In [1], we initiated a program for the quantitative investigation of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and resonant bound states in QCD with the functional renormalisation group, concentrating on the full infrared dynamics of four-quark scatterings. In the present work we extend this study and take into account a three-momentum channel approximation ($s,t,u$-channel) for the Fierz-complete four-quark vertices. We find that the four-quark vertex in this approximation is quantitatively reliable. In particular, we have computed the pion pole mass, pion decay constant, Bethe-Salpeter amplitudes, the quark mass function and wave function. Our results confirm previous findings that low energy effective theories only reproduce QCD quantitatively, if initiated with a relatively low ultraviolet cutoff scale of the order of 500 MeV. The quantitative description set up here paves the way for reliable quantitative access to the resonance structure in QCD within the fRG approach to QCD.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.(2024)·22 citations
22. 22*

    Constraints on cosmic-ray boosted dark matter with realistic cross section

    Atanu Guha🇰🇷 · Jong-Chul Park🇰🇷

    Sub-MeV cold dark-matter particles are unable to produce electronic recoil in conventional dark-matter direct detection experiments such as XENONnT and LUX-ZEPLIN above the detector threshold. The mechanism of boosted dark matter comes into picture to constrain the parameter space of such low mass dark matter from direct detection experiments. We consider the effect of the leading components of cosmic rays to boost the cold dark matter, which results in significant improvements on the exclusion limits compared to the existing ones. To present concrete study results, we choose to work on models consisting of a dark-matter particle $\chi$ with an additional $U(1{)}^{\prime }$ gauge symmetry including the secluded dark photon, $U(1{)}_{B-L}$, and $U(1{)}_{L_e-L_{\mu }}$. We find that the energy dependence of the scattering cross section plays a crucial role in improving the constraints. In addition, we systematically estimate the Earth shielding effect on boosted dark matter in losing energy while traveling to the underground detector through the Earth.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEJCAP(2024)·26 citations
23. 23*

    Towards Uncovering Dark Matter Effects on Neutron Star Properties: A Machine Learning Approach

    Prashant Thakur🇮🇳 · Tuhin Malik🇵🇹 · T. K. Jha🇮🇳

    In recent years, researchers have become increasingly interested in understanding how dark matter affects neutron stars, helping them to better understand complex astrophysical phenomena. In this paper, we delve deeper into this problem by using advanced machine learning techniques to find potential connections between dark matter and various neutron star characteristics. We employ Random Forest classifiers to analyze neutron star (NS) properties and investigate whether these stars exhibit characteristics indicative of dark matter admixture. Our dataset includes 32,000 sequences of simulated NS properties, each described by mass, radius, and tidal deformability, inferred using recent observations and theoretical models. We explore a two-fluid model for the NS, incorporating separate equations of state for nucleonic and dark matter, with the latter considering a fermionic dark matter scenario. Our classifiers are trained and validated in a variety of feature sets, including the tidal deformability for various masses. Based on confusion matrices, these classifiers can identify NS with admixed dark matter with approximately 17% probability of misclassification. In particular, we find that additional tidal deformability data do not significantly improve the precision of our predictions. This article also delves into the potential of specific NS properties as indicators of the presence of dark matter. Radius measurements, especially at extreme mass values, emerge as particularly promising features. The insights gained from our study will guide future observational strategies and enhance dark matter detection capabilities. According to this study, neutron stars at 1.4 and 2.07 solar masses have radii that strongly suggest dark matter in neutron stars more likely than just hadronic composition, based on NICER data from pulsars PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thParticles(2024)·18 citations
24. 24*

    Steven Weinberg and Higgs Physics

    Abdelhak Djouadi🇪🇸 · José Ignacio Illana🇪🇸

    As a tribute to Steven Weinberg, we summarize the immense impact that he had on the understanding of the mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking and on the physics of the Higgs boson. In particular, four landmark contributions to this field are highlighted. A first one is his early work with Goldstone and Salam on spontaneously broken continuous symmetries that paved the way to the Higgs mechanism. A second towering breakthrough is his model of leptons which later became the Standard Model of particle physics and for which he was awarded the Nobel prize with Glashow and Salam. A third seminal work is the so-called Weinberg-Linde lower bound on the Higgs boson mass that was derived from the requirement of the stability of the electroweak vacuum. Finally, we will summarize his important contributions in model-building of new physics with extended Higgs sectors and their possible impact in flavor physics and CP-violation. The historical aspects as well as the contemporary way of viewing these four major topics are summarized and their impact on today Higgs physics, and more generally particle physics, is highlighted.

    hep-phNPB(2024)·1 citation
25. 25*

    Unleashing the Power of EFT in Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering

    Joachim Kopp🇨🇭 · Noemi Rocco🇺🇸 · Zahra Tabrizi🇺🇸

    Neutrino physics is advancing into a precision era with the construction of new experiments, particularly in the few GeV energy range. Within this energy range, neutrinos exhibit diverse interactions with nucleons and nuclei. This study delves in particular into neutrino--nucleus quasi-elastic cross sections, taking into account both standard and, for the first time, non-standard interactions, all within the framework of effective field theory (EFT). The main uncertainties in these cross sections stem from uncertainties in the nucleon-level form factors, and from the approximations necessary to solve the nuclear many-body problem. We explore how these uncertainties influence the potential of neutrino experiments to probe new physics introduced by left-handed, right-handed, scalar, pseudoscalar, and tensor interactions. For some of these interactions the cross section is enhanced, making long-baseline experiments an excellent place to search for them. Our results, including tabulated cross sections for all interaction types and all neutrino flavors, can serve as the foundation for such searches.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-thJHEP(2024)·13 citations
26. 26*

    Two Types of Gluons in QCD: Re-interpretation of ALEPH and CMS Gluon Jet Data

    Y.M. Cho🇰🇷

    The Abelian decomposition of QCD tells that there are two types of gluons in QCD, the color neutral neurons and colored chromons, which behave differently. This strongly implies that QCD has two types of gluon jets, the neuron jet and chromon jet. One quarter of the gluon jets is made of the neuron jets which have sharper jet radius and smaller particle multiplicity, while three quarters of them are made of chromon jets which have the broader jet radius and larger particle multiplicity. Moreover, the neuron jet has a distinct color flow which forms an ideal color dipole pattern, while the chromon jets have distorted dipole pattern. In this paper we provide five circumferential evidences of the existence of two types of gluon jets from the existing ALEPH and DELPHI data on $e\bar{e}\to Z\to b\bar{b}g$ decay and the CMS data on Pb-Pb heavy ion collision.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
27. 27*

    Extracting the Pion Distribution Amplitude from Lattice QCD through Pseudo-Distributions

    Daniel Kovner🇺🇸 · Joe Karpie🇺🇸 · Konstantinos Orginos🇺🇸 · Anatoly Radyushkin🇺🇸 · Savvas Zafeiropoulos🇫🇷

    The Light-Cone Distribution Amplitude (LCDA) encodes the non-perturbative information of the leading Fock component of the hadron wave function, therefore required for processes including exclusive hadron production. As the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson of QCD, the nonperturbative structure of the pion is of particular interest. Progress on the Lattice QCD calculation of the pion LCDA on $\mathcal{O}(a)$-improved Wilson fermion ensembles at several lattice spacings is presented. Excited-state systematics are taken into account within a Bayesian Model Averaging framework. A Renormalization-Group-Invariant (RGI) ratio of matrix elements is formed for further extraction of the pion LCDA.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPoS(2024)·7 citations
28. 28*

    CKM and CPV measurements in the beauty and charm sector

    Lei Hao (on behalf of the LHCb collaboration)🇨🇳

    Measurements of CKM elements and $CP$-violating observables are sensitive to revealing effects beyond the SM. These proceedings discuss four recent LHCb results. The first one presents $CP$ violation measurements in $B_s^0$ decays. Tree-level measurements of the CKM angle $\gamma$ are one of the most important tests of $CP$ violation in the SM. Additionally, the second one presents the results of a recent analysis of $B^{\pm }\to [h^{\prime +}{h}^{\prime -}{\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{]}_D{h}^{\pm }$ ($h=K,\pi$). The third one discusses the combination of previous LHCb $\gamma$ measurements except for the presented results. Achieved precision of the LHCb result: $(67\pm 4{)}^{\circ }$ dominates the world average. Charm physics serves as a unique probe to test the flavor sector in the SM. The fourth one shows the search for $CP$ violation in the multi-body $D$ decays.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
29. 29*

    Weak magnetic effect in quark-gluon plasma and local spin polarization

    Jing-An Sun🇨🇳 · Li Yan🇨🇳

    We propose the weak magnetic effect, which emerges in quark-gluon plasma close to local thermal equilibrium as the dissipative correction to the quark phase space distribution function, as a novel contribution to the observed Lambda hyperon local spin polarization. With a finite field strength, which is consistent with previous estimate of the magnetic field in heavy-ion collisions, one is able to explain the experimentally observed Lambda local spin polarization through all centrality classes. Moreover, the weak magnetic effect plays an unambiguous role in the ordering between the second-order and the third-order modulations of the Lambda local spin polarization in experiments.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exCPC(2025)·10 citations
30. 30*

    Probing Primordial Black Hole Scenarios with Terrestrial Gravitational Wave Detectors

    Guillem Domènech🇩🇪 · Misao Sasaki🇯🇵

    It is possible that primordial black holes consitute (or consituted) a significant fraction of the energy budget of our universe. Terrestrial gravitational wave detectors offer the opportunity to test the existence of primordial black holes in two different mass ranges, from $10^2\mathrm{g}-10^{16}\mathrm{g}$ to $10^{-6}{M}_{\odot }-100M_{\odot }$. The first mass window is open via induced gravitational waves and the second one by gravitational waves from binary mergers. In this review, we outline and explain the different gravitational wave signatures of primordial black holes that may be probed by terrestrial gravitational wave detectors, such as the current LIGO/Virgo/KAGRA and future ones like Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer. We provide rough estimates for the frequency and amplitude of the associated GW background signals. We also discuss complementary probes for these primordial black hole mass ranges.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phClass.Quant.Grav.(2024)·34 citations
31. 31*

    Topological plasma oscillations in the solar tachocline

    Ruben Lier🇳🇱 · Richard Green · Jan de Boer🇳🇱 · Jay Armas🇳🇱

    We study the properties of plasma oscillations in the solar tachocline using shallow-water magnetohydrodynamic equations. These oscillations are expected to correlate with solar activity. We find new qualitative features in the equatorial spectrum of magnetohydrodynamic oscillations associated with magneto-Rossby and magneto-Yanai waves. By studying this spectrum in terms of band theory, we find that magneto-Kelvin and magneto-Yanai waves are topologically protected. This highlights the important role of these two classes of waves, as robust features of the plasma oscillation spectrum, in the interpretation of helioseismological observations.

    ↳ astro-ph.SRhep-phphysics.plasm-phphysics.space-ph1 citation
32. 32*

    Summary of CMS Higgs Physics

    Walaa Elmetenawee🇮🇹

    Since the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, substantial advancements have been achieved in exploring its characteristics. The utilization of extensive data sets has facilitated recent results, enabling not only the determination of the Higgs boson mass and total production cross section in the most sensitive decay channels, but also measurements of fiducial and differential cross sections, as well as searches for rare or exotic processes. The study of the Higgs boson pair production which is fundamental to the study of the Higgs boson self-coupling, received a significant boost, too. These proceedings focus on the latest Higgs physics results achieved by the CMS Collaboration using the entire dataset collected during Run-2 of the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 140 fb${}^{-1}$.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph3 citations
33. 33*

    Novel knotted non-abelian gauge fields

    Horatiu Nastase🇧🇷 · Jacob Sonnenschein🇮🇱

    In analogy to null electromagnetic fields we define null YM fields. We show that the null non-abelian $SU(N)$ gauge fields admit a set of $2N^2$ conserved "helicities". We derive null YM solutions that carry finite helicities by uplifting the abelian Hopfion solution and their generalizations. Another method that we implement is to deform YM solutions which do not carry helicities into ones that have nontrivial helicities. A nontrivial non-Abelian solution with helicities is found as a wave of infinite energy. We also discuss non-abelian generalizations of the Bateman parameterization for null abelian gauge fields.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phmath-ph+1PRD(2024)·1 citation
34. 34*

    Constraints on axion-like particles with the Perseus Galaxy Cluster with MAGIC

    MAGIC Collaboration: H. Abe (1) · S. Abe (1) · J. Abhir (2)🇨🇭 · V. A. Acciari (3)🇪🇸 · I. Agudo (4)🇪🇸 · T. Aniello (5)🇮🇹 · S. Ansoldi (6,44)🇮🇹 · L. A. Antonelli (5)🇮🇹 · A. Arbet Engels (7)🇩🇪 · C. Arcaro (8)🇮🇹 · M. Artero (9)🇪🇸 · K. Asano (1)🇯🇵 and 202 other authors

    Axion-like particles (ALPs) are pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons that emerge in various theories beyond the standard model. These particles can interact with high-energy photons in external magnetic fields, influencing the observed gamma-ray spectrum. This study analyzes 41.3 hrs of observational data from the Perseus Galaxy Cluster collected with the MAGIC telescopes. We focused on the spectra the radio galaxy in the center of the cluster: NGC 1275. By modeling the magnetic field surrounding this target, we searched for spectral indications of ALP presence. Despite finding no statistical evidence of ALP signatures, we were able to exclude ALP models in the sub-micro electronvolt range. Our analysis improved upon previous work by calculating the full likelihood and statistical coverage for all considered models across the parameter space. Consequently, we achieved the most stringent limits to date for ALP masses around 50 neV, with cross sections down to $g_{a\gamma }=3\times 10^{-12}$ GeV${}^{-1}$.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2024)·36 citations
35. 35*

    Searches for invisible new particles at Belle II

    Luigi Corona (on behalf of the Belle II Collaboration)🇮🇹

    Belle~II has unique sensitivity for a broad class of models postulating the existence of dark matter particles with masses in the MeV--GeV range. We present recent world-leading results from Belle~II searches for several non-SM particles. These include production of $Z^{\prime }$ bosons, axion-like particles, and dark scalars in association with two muons in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collisions; long-lived (pseudo)scalars produced in decays of \textit{B}-mesons; and invisible particles produced in decays of $\tau$ leptons.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phMoscow Univ.Phys.Bull.(2024)·4 citations
36. 36*

    A-B transition in superfluid ${}^3$He and cosmological phase transitions

    Mark Hindmarsh🇫🇮 · J.A. Sauls🇺🇸 · Kuang Zhang🇬🇧 · S.Autti🇬🇧 · Richard P. Haley🇬🇧 · Petri J. Heikkinen🇬🇧 · Stephan J. Huber🇬🇧 · Lev V. Levitin🇬🇧 · Asier Lopez-Eiguren🇪🇸 · Adam J. Mayer🇩🇪 · Kari Rummukainen🇫🇮 · John Saunders🇬🇧 · Dmitry Zmeev🇬🇧

    First order phase transitions in the very early universe are a prediction of many extensions of the Standard Model of particle physics and could provide the departure from equilibrium needed for a dynamical explanation of the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. They could also produce gravitational waves of a frequency observable by future space-based detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). All calculations of the gravitational wave power spectrum rely on a relativistic version of the classical nucleation theory of Cahn-Hilliard and Langer, due to Coleman and Linde. The high purity and precise control of pressure and temperature achievable in the laboratory made the first-order A to B transition of superfluid ${}^3$He an ideal for test of classical nucleation theory. As Leggett and others have noted the theory fails dramatically. The lifetime of the metastable A phase is measurable, typically of order minutes to hours, far faster than classical nucleation theory predicts. If the nucleation of B phase from the supercooled A phase is due to a new, rapid intrinsic mechanism that would have implications for first-order cosmological phase transitions as well as predictions for gravitational wave (GW) production in the early universe. Here we discuss studies of the AB phase transition dynamics in ${}^3$He, both experimental and theoretical, and show how the computational technology for cosmological phase transition can be used to simulate the dynamics of the A-B transition, support the experimental investigations of the A-B transition in the QUEST-DMC collaboration with the goal of identifying and quantifying the mechanism(s) responsible for nucleation of stable phases in ultra-pure metastable quantum phases.

    ↳ cond-mat.supr-conastro-ph.COhep-phJ.Low Temp.Phys.(2024)·13 citations
37. 37*

    On the phase structure of extra-dimensional gauge theories with fermions

    Álvaro Pastor-Gutiérrez🇩🇪 · Masatoshi Yamada🇨🇳

    We study the phase structure of five-dimensional Yang-Mills theories coupled to Dirac fermions. In order to tackle their non-perturbative character, we derive the flow equations for the gauge coupling and the effective potential for the Aharonov-Bohm phases employing the Functional Renormalisation Group. We analyse the infrared and ultraviolet fixed-point solutions in the flow of the gauge coupling as a function of the compactification radius of the fifth dimension. We discuss various types of trajectories which smoothly connect both dimensional limits. Last, we investigate the phase diagram and vacuum structure of the gauge potential for different fermion content.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
38. 38*

    Chiral condensate from the spectrum of the staggered Dirac operator

    Claudio Bonanno🇪🇸 · Francesco D'Angelo🇮🇹 · Massimo D'Elia🇮🇹

    The chiral condensate is computed from the mode number of the staggered Dirac operator. This result is compared with those obtained with other approaches, based on the quark mass dependence of the topological susceptibility and of the pion mass.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPoS(2024)·0 citations
39. 39*

    Realisation of the ultra-slow roll phase in Galileon inflation and PBH overproduction

    Sayantan Choudhury🇮🇳 · Ahaskar Karde🇮🇳 · Sudhakar Panda🇮🇳 · M. Sami🇮🇳

    We demonstrate the explicit realisation of the ultra-slow roll phase in the framework of the effective field theory of single-field Galileon inflation. The pulsar timing array (PTA) collaboration hints at the scalar-induced gravity waves (SIGW) from the early universe as an explanation for the origin of the observed signal, which, however, leads to an enhancement in the amplitude of the scalar power spectrum giving rise to the overproduction of primordial black holes (PBHs). In the setup under consideration, we examine the generation of SIGW consistent with PTA (NANOGrav15 and EPTA) data, in addition to which we also consider the impact from QCD crossover at the nHz frequencies and address the PBH overproduction issue assuming linear approximations for the over-density without incorporating non-Gaussian effects from the comoving curvature perturbation. The framework is shown to give rise to SIGWs well consistent with the PTA signal with comfortable PBH abundance, $10^{-3}\lesssim f_{\mathrm{PBH}}<1$, of near solar-mass black holes.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·61 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.