Wed·Nov 29, 2023Wednesday·November 29, 2023

1. 01*

   ALPs, the on-shell way

   Enrico Bertuzzo🇮🇹 · Christophe Grojean🇩🇪 · Gabriel M. Salla🇧🇷

   We study how the coupling between axion-like particles (ALPs) and matter can be obtained at the level of on-shell scattering amplitudes. We identify three conditions that allow us to compute amplitudes that correspond to shift-symmetric Lagrangians, at the level of operators with dimension 5 or higher, and we discuss how they relate and extend the Adler's zero condition. These conditions are necessary to reduce the number of coefficients consistent with the little-group scaling to the one expected from the Lagrangian approach. We also show how our formalism easily explains that the dimension-5 interaction involving one ALP and two massless spin-1 bosons receive corrections from higher order operators only when the ALP has a non-vanishing mass. As a direct application of our results, we perform a phenomenological study of the inelastic scattering ${\ell }^{+}{\ell }^{-}\to \varphi h$ (with ${\ell }^{\pm }$ two charged leptons, $\varphi$ the ALP and $h$ the Higgs boson) for which, as a result of the structure of the 3-point and 4-point amplitudes, dimension-7 operators can dominate over the dimension-5 ones well before the energy reaches the cutoff of the theory.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·12 citations
2. 02*

   MITP Colours in Darkness workshop summary report

   Jonathan Butterworth🇬🇧 · Cesare Cazzaniga🇨🇭 · Aran Garcia-Bellido🇺🇸 · Deepak Kar🇿🇦 · Suchita Kulkarni🇦🇹 · Pedro Schwaller🇩🇪 · Sukanya Sinha🇬🇧 · Danielle Wilson-Edwards🇬🇧 · Jose Zurita🇪🇸

   This report summarises the talks and discussions that took place over the course of the MITP Youngst@rs Colours in Darkness workshop 2023. All talks can be found at https://indico.mitp.uni-mainz.de/event/377/.

   hep-phhep-ex2 citations
3. 03*

   A unified description of DGLAP, CSS, and BFKL: TMD factorization bridging large and small x

   Swagato Mukherjee🇺🇸 · Vladimir V. Skokov🇺🇸 · Andrey Tarasov🇺🇸 · Shaswat Tiwari🇺🇸

   This paper introduces a transverse-momentum dependent (TMD) factorization scheme designed to unify both large and small Bjorken-x regimes. We compute the next-to-leading order (NLO) quantum chromodynamics (QCD) corrections to the gluon TMD operator for an unpolarized hadron within this proposed scheme. This leads to the emergence of a new TMD evolution, incorporating those in transverse momentum, rapidity, and Bjorken-x. When matched to the collinear factorization scheme, our factorization scheme faithfully reproduces the well-established Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) and Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) evolutions. Conversely, matching with high-energy factorization not only yields the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BFKL) evolution but also reveals distinctive signatures of CSS logarithms. The development of this novel TMD factorization scheme, capable of seamlessly reconciling disparate Bjorken-x regimes and faithfully reproducing established QCD evolution equations, has the potential to significantly advance our comprehension of high-energy processes and three-dimensional parton structures of hadrons.

   hep-phhep-exhep-lathep-th+1PRD(2024)·36 citations
4. 04*

   A Review of Axion Lasing in Astrophysics

   Liang Chen🇨🇳 · Thomas W. Kephart🇺🇸

   Axions can be stimulated to decay to photons by ambient photons of the right frequency or by photons from decay of neighboring axions. If the axion density is high enough the photon intensity can be amplified, which is a type of lasing or an axion maser. Here we review the astrophysical situations where axion lasing can appear and possibly be detected.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcUniverse(2024)·6 citations
5. 05*

   WIMP constraints from black hole low-mass X-ray binaries

   Arpan Kar (CQUeST, Seoul and Sogang U.)🇰🇷 · Hyomin Kim (CQUeST, Seoul and Sogang U.)🇰🇷 · Sang Pyo Kim (Gunsan Natl. U.)🇰🇷 · Stefano Scopel (CQUeST, Seoul and Sogang U.)🇰🇷

   The abnormally fast orbital decay observed in the black hole (BH) Low-Mass X-ray binaries (BH-LMXB) A0620-00 and XTE J1118+480 can be explained by the dynamical friction between Dark Matter (DM) and the companion star orbiting around the low-mass BH (of a few $M_{\odot }$) of the system. In this case the value of the index ${\gamma }_{\mathrm{sp}}$ of the DM spike surrounding the BH can be pinned down with an accuracy of a few percent, way better than that for much bigger systems such as the super massive BHs (SMBHs) in the Galactic Center or in M87. We have used data from XTE J1118+480 to put bounds on the WIMP annihilation cross section times velocity $⟨\sigma v⟩$, assuming that DM annihilation is driven by the $b\bar{b}$ annihilation channel and that it proceeds in $s$-wave. The bounds are driven by the radio synchrotron signal produced by $e^{\pm }$ final states propagating in the magnetic field near the BH. For DM masses $m_{\chi }$ up to the TeV scale XTE J1118+480 allows to constrain $⟨\sigma v⟩$ well below $⟨\sigma v{⟩}_{\mathrm{thermal}}$, corresponding to the observed DM relic density in the Universe for a thermal WIMP. On the other hand, for $m_{\chi }\gtrsim$ 15 GeV, the bounds from the SMBHs in the GC or in M87 do not reach $⟨\sigma v{⟩}_{\mathrm{thermal}}$ when the very large uncertainties on the corresponding spike indices are taken into account, in spite of potentially producing much larger DM densities compared to XTE J1118+480. Our bounds for XTE J1118+480 have a mild sensitivity on spatial diffusion, but diffusion enhances the sensitivity of the results upon the intensity of the magnetic field. Taken at face value the bound from XTE J1118+480 on $⟨\sigma v⟩$ is the most constraining compared to all others for $m_{\chi }\lesssim$ 1 TeV, unless the intensity of the magnetic field is significantly smaller than its equipartition estimation.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEJCAP(2024)·4 citations
6. 06*

   Searching for gluon quartic gauge couplings at muon colliders using the auto-encoder

   Yu-Ting Zhang🇨🇳 · Xin-Tong Wang🇨🇳 · Ji-Chong Yang🇨🇳

   One of the difficulties one has to face in the future phenomenological studies of the new physics~(NP), is the need to deal with increasing amounts of data. It is therefore increasingly important to improve the efficiency in the phenomenological study of the NP. Whether it is the use of the Standard Model effective field theory~(SMEFT), the use of machine learning~(ML) algorithms, or the use of quantum computing, all are means of improving the efficiency. In this paper, we use a ML algorithm, the auto-encoder~(AE), to study the dimension-8 operators in the SMEFT which contribute to the gluon quartic gauge couplings~(gQGCs) at muon colliders. The AE is one of the ML algorithms that has the potential to be accelerated by the quantum computing. It is found that the AE-based anomaly detection algorithm can be used as event selection strategy to study the gQGCs at the muon colliders, and is effective compared with traditional event selection strategies.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
7. 07*

   Second leptogenesis: Unraveling the baryon-lepton asymmetry discrepancy

   YeolLin ChoeJo🇰🇷 · Kazuki Enomoto🇰🇷 · Yechan Kim🇰🇷 · Hye-Sung Lee🇰🇷

   We propose a novel scenario to explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry by twofold leptogenesis, wherein heavy Majorana neutrinos exhibit temperature-dependent masses and engage in $CP$-violating decays. This scenario envisages two distinct phases of leptogenesis: one occurring above the electroweak scale and the other below it. The sphaleron process converts the first lepton asymmetry to baryon asymmetry, but not the second one due to its decoupling. This mechanism potentially explains the significant discrepancy between baryon and lepton asymmetries, as suggested by recent observations of Helium-4. Furthermore, our model implies that the present masses of Majorana neutrinos are lighter than the electroweak scale, offering a tangible avenue for experimental verification in various terrestrial settings.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2024)·16 citations
8. 08*

   Exploring the Synergy of Kinematics and Dynamics for Collider Physics

   Kayoung Ban🇰🇷 · Kyoungchul Kong🇺🇸 · Myeonghun Park🇰🇷 · Seong Chan Park🇰🇷

   In collider experiments, an event is characterized by two distinct yet mutually complementary features: the `global features' and the `local features'. Kinematic information such as the event topology of a hard process, masses, and spins of particles comprises global features spanning the entire phase space. This global feature can be inferred from reconstructed objects. In contrast, representations of particles in gauge groups, such as Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), offer localized features revealing the dynamics of an underlying theory. These local features, particularly observed in the patterns of radiation as raw data in various detector components, complement the global kinematic features. In this letter, we propose a simple but effective neural network architecture that seamlessly integrates information from both kinematics and QCD to enhance the signal sensitivity at colliders.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·5 citations
9. 09*

   A discussion of the cross section ${\bar{\nu }}_e+p\to e^{+}+n$

   Giulia Ricciardi🇮🇹 · Natascia Vignaroli🇮🇹 · Francesco Vissani🇮🇹

   We discuss the interaction cross section ${\bar{\nu }}_e-p$ due to charged currents, of major importance for neutrino detection. We present the history of its understanding and highlight the aspects necessary for its precise evaluation. We examine the three most recent determinations and, on the basis of the most recent one, tabulate its updated values and assess its uncertainty.

   hep-phphysics.hist-phNuovo Cim.C(2024)·6 citations
10. 10*

    Detecting the coupling of axion-like particles with fermions at the ILC

    Chong-Xing Yue🇨🇳 · Han Wang🇨🇳 · Yue-Qi Wang🇨🇳

    New pseudoscalars, axion-like particles (ALPs), provide the exciting target for present and future collider-based experiments. Search for ALPs is performed in this paper via the $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ fusion process $e^{-}{e}^{+}\to {\nu }_e\overline{{\nu }_e}a\to {\nu }_e\overline{{\nu }_e}f\overline{f}$ at the $1$ TeV ILC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1$ ab${}^{-1}$ and the beam polarization $P(e^{-}$, $e^{+})=(-80\%$, $+20\%)$. Owing to the good capability of the ILC in performing b-tagging and the sufficiently large branching ratio of the ALP decaying into a pair of b quarks, the decay channel $a\to b\overline{b}$ is mainly concerned. The prospective sensitivities provided by the ILC on the ALP-fermion coupling as low as $1$ TeV${}^{-1}$ and $1.75$ TeV${}^{-1}$ are derived at $95\%$ confidence level in the ALP mass intervals $37-50$ GeV and $52-300$ GeV, respectively. Our results will help to probe significant parameter space in an unexplored region beyond the existing constraints.

    hep-phPLB(2024)·13 citations
11. 11*

    The $B^0\to J/\psi f_0(1370,1500,1710)$ decays: an opportunity for scalar glueball hunting

    Jia-Le Ren🇨🇳 · Min-Qi Li🇨🇳 · Xin Liu🇨🇳 · Zhi-Tian Zou🇨🇳 · Ying Li🇨🇳 · Zhen-Jun Xiao🇨🇳

    The scalars $f_0$ closest to 1.5 GeV contain the mesons $f_0(1370)$, $f_0(1500)$ and $f_0(1710)$, and the latter two ones are usually viewed as the potential candidates for the scalar glueballs. In this work, by including the important contributions from the vertex corrections, we study the decays $B^0\to J/\psi f_0$ within the improved perturbative QCD approach and analyze the possible scalar glueball hunting. Together with the two mixing models, namely, $f_0(1500)(f_0(1710))$ being the primary scalar glueball in model I (II), and two classification scenarios, namely, $f_0$ being the $q\bar{q}$ excited (ground) states in scenario 1 (2), the branching fractions associated with their ratios for $B^0\to J/\psi f_0$ are evaluated comprehensively. The predictions with still large uncertainties in the considered two mixing models are roughly consistent with currently limited data, which indicates that both more rich data and more precise predictions are urgently demanded to figure out the scalar glueball clearly in the future. Moreover, several interesting ratios between the branching fractions of $B^0\to J/\psi f_0(\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}/K^{+}{K}^{-})$ and $B^0\to J/\psi {\rho }^0/\varphi (\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}/K^{+}{K}^{-})$ that could help us to understand the nature of scalar $f_0$ are defined and predicted theoretically. These ratios should be examined in future experiments.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·9 citations
12. 12*

    Quantum Metric Learning for New Physics Searches at the LHC

    A. Hammad🇯🇵 · Kyoungchul Kong🇺🇸 · Myeonghun Park🇰🇷 · Soyoung Shim🇰🇷

    In the NISQ (Noisy intermediate-scale quantum) area, Quantum computers can be utilized for deep learning by treating variational quantum circuits as neural network models. This can be achieved by first encoding the input data onto quantum computers using nonparametric unitary gates. An alternative approach is to train the data encoding to map input data from different classes to separated locations in the Hilbert space. The separation is achieved with metric loss functions, hence the naming ``Quantum Metric Learning". With the limited number of qubits in the NISQ area, this approach works naturally as a hybrid classical-quantum computation enabling embedding of high-dimensional feature data into a small number of qubits. Here, we consider an example of the global QCD color structure of hard b-jets emerging from color singlet scalar decays to optimize the signal to background discrimination with a hybrid classical-quantum metric learning. Due to the sparsity of data, self-supervised methods with data augmentation have been utilized so far. Compared to the this classical self-supervised approach, our hybrid method shows the better classification performance without data augmentations. We emphasize that performance enhancements independent of data augmentation techniques are devoid of the artificial risks introduced by data augmentation.

    hep-ph6 citations
13. 13*

    Is the HEFT matching unique?

    Sally Dawson🇺🇸 · Duarte Fontes🇺🇸 · Carlos Quezada-Calonge🇪🇸 · Juan José Sanz-Cillero🇪🇸

    Physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) can be described in a consistent and general way through the Higgs Effective Field Theory (HEFT). Measurements of model-independent HEFT coefficients allow one to constrain the parameter space of BSM models via a matching procedure. In this work, we show that this procedure is not unique and depends on the scalings of the parameters of the Lagrangian. As examples, we consider three BSM models: the real singlet extension of the SM with a $Z_2$ symmetry, the complex singlet extension (CSE) of the SM and the 2 Higgs Doublet Model. We discuss several physical observables, and show that different scalings of the model parameters with the UV scale in the matching to the HEFT can yield quite different results. This complicates the interpretation of HEFT measurements in terms of parameters of BSM models. Additionally, as a by-product, we report the first matching of the CSE to the HEFT.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·22 citations
14. 14*

    Finite Feynman Integrals

    Giulio Gambuti🇬🇧 · David A. Kosower🇫🇷 · Pavel P. Novichkov🇫🇷 · Lorenzo Tancredi🇩🇪

    We describe an algorithm to organize Feynman integrals in terms of their infrared properties. Our approach builds upon the theory of Landau singularities, which we use to classify all configurations of loop momenta that can give rise to infrared divergences. We then construct bases of numerators for arbitrary Feynman integrals, which cancel all singularities and render the integrals finite. Through the same analysis, one can also classify so-called evanescent and evanescently finite Feynman integrals. These are integrals whose vanishing or finiteness relies on properties of dimensional regularization. To illustrate the use of these integrals, we display how to obtain a simpler form for the leading-color two-loop four-gluon scattering amplitude through the choice of a suitable basis of finite integrals. In particular, when all gluon helicities are equal, we show that with our basis the most complicated double-box integrals do not contribute to the finite remainder of the scattering amplitude.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·24 citations
15. 15*

    Contribution of coherent electron production to measurements of heavy-flavor decayed electrons in heavy-ion collisions

    Shenghui Zhang🇨🇳 · Rongrong Ma🇺🇸 · Yuanjing Ji🇺🇸 · Zebo Tang🇨🇳 · Qian Yang🇨🇳 · Yifei Zhang🇨🇳 · Wangwei Zha🇨🇳

    Heavy quarks, produced at early stages of heavy-ion collisions, are an excellent probe of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP) also created in these collisions. Electrons from open heavy-flavor hadron decays (HFE) are good proxies for heavy quarks, and have been measured extensively in the last two decades to study QGP properties. These measurements are traditionally carried out by subtracting all known background sources from the inclusive electron sample. More recently, a significant enhancement of $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ pair production at very low transverse momenta was observed in peripheral heavy-ion collisions. The production characteristics is consistent with coherent photon-photon interactions, which should also constitute a background source to the HFE measurements. In this article, we provide theoretical predictions for the contribution of coherent electron production to HFE as a function of transverse momentum, centrality and collision energy in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·0 citations
16. 16*

    $\Xi (1620)$ production in $K^{-}p$ scattering process

    Quan-Yun Guo🇨🇳 · Zi-Li Yue🇨🇳 · Dian-Yong Chen🇨🇳

    In the present work, the production of $\Xi (1620)$ in the $K^{-}p$ scattering process is investigated by using an effective Lagrangian approach, where $\Xi (1620)$ is considered as a $\bar{K}\Lambda$ molecular state. Our estimations indicate that the cross sections for $K^{-}p\to K^{+}\Xi (1620{)}^{-}$ are $(1.48_{-0.69}^{+1.12})\mu \mathrm{b}$ at $P_K=2.8\mathrm{GeV}$, where the uncertainties are resulted from the variation of the model parameter. As for the $K^{-}p\to K^{+}{\pi }^0{\Xi }^{-}$ process, the cross sections are estimated to be $(0.61_{-0.29}^{+0.47})\mu \mathrm{b}$ at $P_K=2.8\mathrm{GeV}$, which is consistent with the experimental measurements.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·2 citations
17. 17*

    New insights into the doubly charmed exotic mesons

    Di Guo🇨🇳 · Qin-He Yang🇨🇳 · Ling-Yun Dai🇨🇳 · A. P. Szczepaniak🇺🇸

    Using effective Lagrangians constrained by the heavy quark spin symmetry and chiral symmetry, for the light quarks, we analyze the $D^0{D}^0{\pi }^{+}$, ${\bar{D}}^0{D}^0{\pi }^0$ and $D^0{\bar{D}}^{\ast 0}$ invariant mass spectra. Performing a simultaneous analysis of the doubly charmed and charm-anti-charm states gives further insights into the nature of the $T_{cc}^{+}$ and ${\chi }_{c1}^0(3872)$, exotic hadrons. It is confirmed that both states should lie below their respective $D{D}^{\ast }$/$D{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ thresholds. Also, the contributions of the triangle and box diagrams are negligible.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJC(2025)·5 citations
18. 18*

    $\bar{B}\to \bar{D}D$ Decays and the Extraction of $f_d/f_u$ at Hadron Colliders

    Jonathan Davies🇬🇧 · Martin Jung🇮🇹 · Stefan Schacht🇬🇧

    We perform a detailed model-independent phenomenological analysis of $\bar{B}\to \bar{D}D$ decays. Employing an SU(3)${}_F$ analysis including symmetry-breaking contributions together with a conservative power counting for various suppression effects, we obtain updated Standard Model predictions for all branching fractions and CP asymmetries from a fit to the available experimental data, testable at Belle II and the LHC experiments. These results include all relevant suppressed contributions, thereby providing upper limits on subleading Standard Model (SM) effects like "penguin pollution", enabling searches for physics beyond the SM. Importantly, allowing in the same fit for the production fractions of charged and neutral $B$ mesons to be different, we find $f_d/f_u=0.86\pm 0.05$, which is $2.5\sigma$ away from unity, which, if confirmed, would have important phenomenological consequences.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·8 citations
19. 19*

    Electroweak corrections to double Higgs production at the LHC

    Huan-Yu Bi🇨🇳 · Li-Hong Huang🇨🇳 · Rui-Jun Huang🇨🇳 · Yan-Qing Ma🇨🇳 · Huai-Min Yu🇨🇳

    We present the results for the complete next-to-leading order electroweak corrections to $pp\to HH$ at the Large Hadron Collider, focusing on the dominant gluon-gluon fusion process. While the corrections at the total cross-section level are approximately $-4\%$, those near the energy of $HH$ production threshold exceed $+15\%$, and corrections at the high-energy region are around $-10\%$, leading to a shape distortion for the differential distributions. Our findings substantially diminish the theoretical uncertainties associated with this pivotal process, providing valuable input for understanding the shape of the Higgs boson potential upon comparison with experimental measurements.

    hep-phhep-exPRL(2024)·55 citations
20. 20*

    Dark Photons from displaced vertices

    Triparno Bandyopadhyay🇮🇳

    We investigate the unexplored regions of the dark photon parameter space to find a search strategy suitable to probe these. We show how displaced track searches at colliders with large 4pi trackers around the interaction point are excellent choices for exploring these uncharted regions. As an example, we study in detail the sensitivity of the Belle II trackers to dark photons which mediate interactions between the visible and dark sectors. We also show that the same strategy can be employed by other experiments to achieve the same goal.

    hep-phhep-exEur.Phys.J.ST(2024)·5 citations
21. 21*

    NLO electroweak corrections to doubly-polarized $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ production at the LHC

    Thi Nhung Dao🇻🇳 · Duc Ninh Le🇻🇳

    We present new results of next-to-leading order (NLO) electroweak corrections to doubly-polarized cross sections of $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ production at the LHC. The calculation is performed for the leptonic final state of $e^{+}{\mu }_e{\mu }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$ using the double-pole approximation in the diboson center-of-mass frame. NLO QCD corrections and subleading contributions from the $gg$, $b\bar{b}$, $\gamma \gamma$ induced processes are taken into account in the numerical results. We found that NLO EW corrections are small for angular distributions but can reach tens of percent for transverse momentum distributions at high energies, e.g. reaching $-40\%$ at $p_{T,e}\approx 300$ GeV. In these high $p_T$ regions, EW corrections are largest for the doubly-transverse mode.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·24 citations
22. 22*

    Transverse Energy-Energy Correlators in the Color-Glass Condensate at the Electron-Ion Collider

    Zhong-Bo Kang🇺🇸 · Jani Penttala🇺🇸 · Fanyi Zhao🇺🇸 · Yiyu Zhou🇺🇸

    We investigate the transverse energy-energy correlators (TEEC) in the small-$x$ regime at the upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). Focusing on the back-to-back production of electron-hadron pairs in both $ep$ and $eA$ collisions, we establish a factorization theorem given in terms of the hard function, quark distributions, soft functions, and TEEC jet functions, where the gluon saturation effect is incorporated. Numerical results for TEEC in both $ep$ and $eA$ collisions are presented, together with the nuclear modification factor $R_A$. Our analysis reveals that TEEC observables in deep inelastic scattering provide a valuable approach for probing gluon saturation phenomena. Our findings underscore the significance of measuring TEEC at the EIC, emphasizing its efficacy in advancing our understanding of gluon saturation and nuclear modifications in high-energy collisions.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·23 citations
23. 23*

    Searching for High Frequency Gravitational Waves with Phonons

    Yonatan Kahn🇺🇸 · Jan Schütte-Engel🇺🇸 · Tanner Trickle🇺🇸

    The gravitational wave (GW) spectrum at frequencies above a kHz is a largely unexplored frontier. We show that detectors with sensitivity to single-phonon excitations in crystal targets can search for GWs with frequencies, $\mathrm{THz}\lesssim f\lesssim 100\mathrm{THz}$, corresponding to the range of optical phonon energies, $\mathrm{meV}\lesssim \omega \lesssim 100\mathrm{meV}$. Such detectors are already being built to search for light dark matter (DM), and therefore sensitivity to high-frequency GWs will be achieved as a byproduct. We begin by deriving the absorption rate of a general GW signal into single phonons. We then focus on carefully defining the detector sensitivity to monochromatic and chirp signals, and compute the detector sensitivity for many proposed light DM detection targets. The detector sensitivity is then compared to the signal strength of candidate high-frequency GW sources, e.g., superradiant annihilation and black hole inspiral, as well as other recent detector proposals in the $\mathrm{MHz}\lesssim f\lesssim 100\mathrm{THz}$ frequency range. With a judicious choice of target materials, a collection of detectors could optimistically achieve sensitivities to monochromatic signals with $h_0\sim 10^{-23}-10^{-25}$ over $\mathrm{THz}\lesssim f\lesssim 100\mathrm{THz}$.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.IMcond-mat.mtrl-sci+2PRD(2024)·32 citations
24. 24*

    Monojets reveal overlapping excesses for light compressed higgsinos

    Diyar Agin🇫🇷 · Benjamin Fuks🇫🇷 · Mark D. Goodsell🇫🇷 · Taylor Murphy🇫🇷

    The ATLAS and CMS collaborations have recently presented results of searches for compressed electroweakinos in final states including soft leptons. These searches are sensitive to mass splittings ranging from quite small values of about 5 GeV to O(10) GeV, which are endemic to scenarios with wino-like and higgsino-like lightest supersymmetric particles (LSPs). While all experimental results exhibit apparently compatible mild excesses, these soft-lepton analyses, taken together with disappearing-track searches targeting much smaller splittings, notably leave unconstrained a sizeable region of parameter space with modest splittings of 1-5 GeV. We point out that this gap can be closed, for scenarios with a higgsino-like LSP, by monojet searches. On the other hand, we find at the same time that current monojet searches show excesses in a region partially overlapping that favoured by the soft-lepton analyses. We provide an up-to-date map of these results and show, among others, a best-fit point with an excess greater than $2\sigma$ that is consistent with a higgsino-like LSP mass around 177 GeV. We finally comment on how such a point can be realised in the MSSM.

    hep-phPLB(2024)·27 citations
25. 25*

    Two pseudo-Goldstone bosons in the Gildener-Weinberg model

    Parsa Ghorbani🇮🇷

    In a dimensionless multi-scalar extension of the Standard Model, Gildener and Weinberg assumed that along a flat direction, there is only one classically massless scalar, known as the {\it scalon}, which acquires mass through radiative corrections à la Coleman-Weinberg, while all other scalars remain heavy. In this paper, by introducing a toy model with four scalar degrees of freedom we demonstrate the existence of {\it two} scalons along a specific flat direction that we construct. We present the effective potential for the model and provide the masses of the heavy scalars and two radiatively light pseudo-Goldstone bosons.

    hep-phhep-thmath-phmath.MPEPJC(2024)·0 citations
26. 26*

    Dark matter relic density in strongly interacting dark sectors with light vector mesons

    Elias Bernreuther🇺🇸 · Nicoline Hemme🇩🇪 · Felix Kahlhoefer🇩🇪 · Suchita Kulkarni🇦🇹

    Stable dark matter particles may arise as pseudo-Goldstone bosons from the confinement of dark quarks interacting via a non-Abelian gauge force. Their relic abundance is determined not by annihilations into visible particles but by dark pion number-changing processes within the dark sector, such as $3{\pi }_D\to 2{\pi }_D$. However, if the dark vector mesons ${\rho }_D$ are light enough for $3{\pi }_D\to {\pi }_D{\rho }_D$ annihilations to be kinematically allowed, this process dominates and significantly delays freeze-out. As a result, the preferred dark matter mass scale increases and bounds from the Bullet Cluster can be evaded.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·30 citations
27. 27*

    Dark Matter Interpretation of Neutron Multiplicity Anomalies

    Thomas Ward🇺🇸 · Wladyslaw H. Trzaska🇫🇮

    Subterrestrial neutron spectra show weak but consistent anomalies at multiplicities ~100 and above [1-3]. The data of the available measurements are of low statistical significance [4] but indicate an excess of events not correlated with the muon flux. The origin of the anomalies remains ambiguous but could be a signature of WIMP annihilation-like interaction with a Pb target. In this paper, we outline a model consistent with this hypothesis, the extended Standard Model (SM) approach called the Radiation Gauge Model (RGM) [5]. The RGM identifies scalar neutrino-antineutrino wave function components of WIMP Dark Matter (DM) responsible for the weak interaction leading to annihilation with ordinary matter. The model assigns neutrino-nucleon(target) charged current (CC) transitions to the observed anomalies. If the existence of the anomalies is confirmed and the model interpretation is positively verified, this will be the first terrestrial indirect detection of DM.

    hep-ph1 citation
28. 28*

    Cosmology and fundamental physics with the ELT-ANDES spectrograph

    C.J.A.P. Martins🇵🇹 · R. Cooke🇬🇧 · J. Liske🇩🇪 · M.T. Murphy🇦🇺 · P. Noterdaeme🇫🇷 · T.M. Schmidt🇨🇭 · J.S. Alcaniz🇧🇷 · C.S. Alves🇵🇹 · S. Balashev🇷🇺 · S. Cristiani🇮🇹 · P. Di Marcantonio🇮🇹 · R. Génova Santos🇪🇸 and 11 other authors

    State-of-the-art 19th century spectroscopy led to the discovery of quantum mechanics, and 20th century spectroscopy led to the confirmation of quantum electrodynamics. State-of-the-art 21st century astrophysical spectrographs, especially ANDES at ESO's ELT, have another opportunity to play a key role in the search for, and characterization of, the new physics which is known to be out there, waiting to be discovered. We rely on detailed simulations and forecast techniques to discuss four important examples of this point: big bang nucleosynthesis, the evolution of the cosmic microwave background temperature, tests of the universality of physical laws, and a real-time model-independent mapping of the expansion history of the universe (also known as the redshift drift). The last two are among the flagship science drivers for the ELT. We also highlight what is required for the ESO community to be able to play a meaningful role in 2030s fundamental cosmology and show that, even if ANDES only provides null results, such `minimum guaranteed science' will be in the form of constraints on key cosmological paradigms: these are independent from, and can be competitive with, those obtained from traditional cosmological probes.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.IMgr-qchep-phExper.Astron.(2024)·27 citations
29. 29*

    Quantum-classical simulation of quantum field theory by quantum circuit learning

    Kazuki Ikeda🇺🇸

    We employ quantum circuit learning to simulate quantum field theories (QFTs). Typically, when simulating QFTs with quantum computers, we encounter significant challenges due to the technical limitations of quantum devices when implementing the Hamiltonian using Pauli spin matrices. To address this challenge, we leverage quantum circuit learning, employing a compact configuration of qubits and low-depth quantum circuits to predict real-time dynamics in quantum field theories. The key advantage of this approach is that a single-qubit measurement can accurately forecast various physical parameters, including fully-connected operators. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our method, we use it to predict quench dynamics, chiral dynamics and jet production in a 1+1-dimensional model of quantum electrodynamics. We find that our predictions closely align with the results of rigorous classical calculations, exhibiting a high degree of accuracy. This hybrid quantum-classical approach illustrates the feasibility of efficiently simulating large-scale QFTs on cutting-edge quantum devices.

    ↳ hep-thcs.LGhep-phnucl-th+1Annalen Phys.(2025)·1 citation
30. 30*

    Note on black holes with kilometer-scale ultraviolet regulators

    Jens Boos🇺🇸 · Christopher D. Carone🇺🇸

    Regular black hole metrics involve a universal, mass-independent regulator that can be up to O(700) km while remaining consistent with terrestrial tests of Newtonian gravity and astrophysical tests of general relativistic orbits. However, for such large values of the regulator scale, the metric describes a compact, astrophysical-mass object with no horizon rather than a black hole. We note that allowing the regulator to have a nontrivial mass dependence preserves the horizon, while allowing large, percent-level effects in black hole observables. By considering the deflection angle of light and the black hole shadow, we demonstrate this possibility explicitly.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phClass.Quant.Grav.(2024)·10 citations
31. 31*

    The Fermionic Axion Interferometer

    Nicolò Crescini🇮🇹

    The axion is an hypothetical beyond the Standard Model particle. Its experimental search is an ongoing effort, and an expanding number of techniques keep on narrowing its parameters space. Leveraging the interaction between dark matter axions and spins, a fermionic interferometer is an experiment which aims at detecting the axion-induced precession of a spin resonance. We describe the detection scheme, outline the possible experimental implementations, their sensitive axion-mass range and discovery potential. Furthermore, the building and characterization of an axion interferometer is explained in details and the resulting setup is used to search for sub-neV axion-like dark matter, obtaining a limit on its coupling to electrons.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph7 citations
32. 32*

    Reexamining aspects of spacetime-symmetry breaking with CMB polarization

    Nils A. Nilsson🇫🇷 · Christophe Le Poncin-Lafitte🇫🇷

    The linear polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is highly sensitive to parity-violating physics at the surface of last scattering, which might cause mixing of E and B modes, an effect known as {\it cosmic birefringence}. This has until recently been problematic to detect due to its degeneracy with the instrument polarization miscalibration angle. Recently, a possible detection of a non-zero cosmic-birefringence angle was reported at $\beta =0.35^{\circ }\pm 0.14^{\circ }$, where the miscalibration angle was simultaneously determined and subtracted from the analysis. Starting from this claim, we exploit a simple map of $\beta$ to the coupling constant of a parity-violating term in a generic effective-field theory for Lorentz and CPT violation. We show that the reported constraint on $\beta$ is consistent with current one-sided upper bounds from CMB studies of spacetime-symmetry breaking, and we discuss the implications and interpretation of this detection.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·8 citations
33. 33*

    $5\sigma$ tension between Planck cosmic microwave background and eBOSS Lyman-alpha forest and constraints on physics beyond $\Lambda$CDM

    Keir K. Rogers🇨🇦 · Vivian Poulin🇫🇷

    We find that combined Planck cosmic microwave background, baryon acoustic oscillations and supernovae data analyzed under $\Lambda$CDM are in 4.9$\sigma$ tension with eBOSS Ly$\alpha$ forest in inference of the linear matter power spectrum at wavenumber $\sim 1h{\mathrm{Mpc}}^{-1}$ and redshift = 3. Model extensions can alleviate this tension: running in the tilt of the primordial power spectrum (${\alpha }_{\mathrm{s}}\sim -0.01$); a fraction $\sim (1-5)\%$ of ultra-light axion dark matter (DM) with particle mass $\sim 10^{-25}$ eV or warm DM with mass $\sim 10$ eV. The new DESI survey, coupled with high-accuracy modeling, will help distinguish the source of this discrepancy.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRResearch(2025)·66 citations
34. 34*

    Is gauge symmetry vacuous or physical ? : Lessons from the Landau problem as a solvable quantum gauge theoretical system

    Masashi Wakamatsu🇯🇵

    The gauge symmetry is one of the most important concepts in modern physics, but there are two conflicting views on its meaning or interpretation. The standard view is that local gauge symmetry is the basis of the pursue of fundamental particles and forces in nature. Another view is that the gauge symmetry is not a symmetry of nature but just a redundancy in description. Naturally, both statements are nothing wrong, but one might feel that there is a slight conceptual conflict between the two points of view. Due to the subtlety of the subject, however, little literature exists that discusses the root of such an anxiety. In the present paper, by making full use of the analytically solvable nature of the quantum Landau problem, we argue that the familiar gauge principle plays a critical role in unraveling a subtle mismatch between the two viewpoints above. We reveal that there exist two types of quantities in gauge theories, which should clearly be discriminated. The first are quantities, which look seemingly gauge-invariant but actually not, whereas the second are genuinely gauge-invariant quantities, which correspond to direct experimental observables.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phnucl-th0 citations
35. 35*

    Pulse shape discrimination technique for diffuse supernova neutrino background search with JUNO

    Jie Cheng🇨🇳 · Xiao-Jie Luo🇨🇳 · Gao-Song Li🇨🇳 · Yu-Feng Li🇨🇳 · Ze-Peng Li🇨🇳 · Hao-Qi Lu🇨🇳 · Liang-Jian Wen🇨🇳 · Michael Wurm🇩🇪 · Yi-Yu Zhang🇨🇳

    Pulse shape discrimination (PSD) is widely used in particle and nuclear physics. Specifically in liquid scintillator detectors, PSD facilitates the classification of different particle types based on their energy deposition patterns. This technique is particularly valuable for studies of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background (DSNB), nucleon decay, and dark matter searches. This paper presents a detailed investigation of the PSD technique, applied in the DSNB search performed with the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). Instead of using conventional cut-and-count methods, we employ methods based on Boosted Decision Trees and Neural Networks and compare their capability to distinguish the DSNB signals from the atmospheric neutrino neutral-current background events. The two methods demonstrate comparable performance, resulting in a 50\% to 80\% improvement in signal efficiency compared to a previous study performed for JUNO~\cite{JUNO:2015zny}. Moreover, we study the dependence of the PSD performance on the visible energy and final state composition of the events and find a significant dependence on the presence/absence of ${}^{11}$C. Finally, we evaluate the impact of the detector effects (photon propagation, PMT dark noise, and waveform reconstruction) on the PSD performance.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phEPJC(2024)·17 citations
36. 36*

    Higgs self-coupling measurement at future $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders

    Julie Munch Torndal🇩🇪 · Jenny List🇩🇪 · Dimitrios Ntounis🇺🇸 · Caterina Vernieri🇺🇸

    The Higgs mechanism is a central part of the Standard Model which has not yet been fully established experimentally without the measurement of the Higgs self-coupling. Future linear $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders are able to access centre-of-mass energies of 500 GeV and beyond and can therefore probe the Higgs self-coupling directly through the measurement of double Higgs production. A new analysis of the capability to measure the double Higgs-strahlung, $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to ZHH$, at a centre-of-mass energy of 500 GeV is ongoing based on the detailed, Geant4-based simulation of the ILD detector concept. This study has identified several aspects concerning the reconstruction techniques to fully exploit the detector potential, which are expected to improve precision reach and will be presented in this contribution. Additionally, the requirements that the Higgs self-coupling measurement puts on the choice of centre-of-mass energy will be evaluated as this is important for shaping the landscape of future colliders such as ILC or $C^3$.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPoS(2024)·9 citations
37. 37*

    Short-flow-time expansion of quark bilinears through next-to-next-to-leading order QCD

    Janosch Borgulat🇩🇪 · Robert V. Harlander🇩🇪 · Jonas T. Kohnen🇩🇪 · Fabian Lange🇨🇭

    The gradient-flow formalism proves to be a useful tool in lattice calculations of quantum chromodynamics. For example, it can be used as a scheme to renormalize composite operators by inverting the short-flow-time expansion of the corresponding flowed operators. In this paper, we consider the short-flow-time expansion of five quark bilinear operators, the scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, axialvector, and tensor currents, and compute the matching coefficients through next-to-next-to-leading order QCD. Among other applications, our results constitute one ingredient for calculating bag parameters of mesons within the gradient-flow formalism on the lattice.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phJHEP(2024)·13 citations
38. 38*

    Modulating binary dynamics via the termination of black hole superradiance

    Kaiyuan Fan🇨🇳 · Xi Tong🇨🇳 · Yi Wang🇨🇳 · Hui-Yu Zhu🇨🇳

    A superradiant cloud of ultralight bosons near a rotating black hole provides a smoking gun for particle physics in the infrared. However, tidal perturbations from a nearby binary companion can destabilise the boson cloud and even terminate superradiance. In this work, we consider the backreaction of superradiance termination to the dynamics of general binary orbits parametrised by their semi-latus rectum, eccentricity and inclination angle. Our analysis focuses on Extreme Mass Ratio Inspiral (EMRI) systems and employs the period-average approximation to derive evolution equations of these binary parameters in the Newtonian limit. We find that the binary evolution history can be significantly modulated by the backreaction towards large circular equatorial orbits with reduced termination rate. This process can generically happen even away from the resonance bands. Our work therefore serves as a first step towards probing ultralight bosons through the statistics of EMRI binary parameters in the future.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·24 citations
39. 39*

    Data-Driven Constraints on Cosmic-Ray Diffusion: Probing Self-Generated Turbulence in the Milky Way

    Mattia Di Mauro🇮🇹 · Michael Korsmeier🇸🇪 · Alessandro Cuoco🇮🇹

    We employ a data-driven approach to investigate the rigidity and spatial dependence of the diffusion of cosmic rays in the turbulent magnetic field of the Milky Way. Our analysis combines data sets from the experiments Voyager, AMS-02, CALET, and DAMPE for a range of cosmic ray nuclei from protons to oxygen. Our findings favor models with a smooth behavior in the diffusion coefficient, indicating a good qualitative agreement with the predictions of self-generated magnetic turbulence models. Instead, the current cosmic-ray data do not exhibit a clear preference for or against inhomogeneous diffusion, which is also a prediction of these models. Future progress might be possible by combining cosmic-ray data with gamma rays or radio observations, enabling a more comprehensive exploration.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2024)·25 citations
40. 40*

    Dark Matter Isocurvature from Curvature

    Ian Holst🇺🇸 · Wayne Hu🇺🇸 · Leah Jenks🇺🇸

    Isocurvature fluctuations, where the relative number density of particle species spatially varies, can be generated from initially adiabatic, or curvature, fluctuations if the various species fall out of or were never in thermal equilibrium. The freezing of the thermal relic dark matter abundance is one such case, but for modes that are still outside the horizon the amplitude is highly suppressed and originates from the small change in the local expansion rate due to the local space curvature produced by the curvature fluctuation. We establish a simple separate-universe method for calculating this generation that applies to both freeze-in and freeze-out models, identify three critical epochs for this process, and give general scaling behaviors for the amplitude in each case: the freezing epoch, the kinetic decoupling epoch and matter-radiation equality. Freeze-out models are typically dominated by spatially modulated annihilation from the latter epochs and can generate much larger isocurvature fluctuations compared with typical freeze-in models, albeit still very small and observationally allowed by cosmic microwave background measurements. We illustrate these results with concrete models where the dark matter interactions are vector or scalar mediated.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·6 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.