Fri·Nov 24, 2023Friday·November 24, 2023

1. 01*

   Probing Dark Sectors with Neutron Stars

   Susan Gardner🇺🇸 · Mohammadreza Zakeri🇺🇸

   Tensions in the measurements of neutron and kaon weak decays, such as of the neutron lifetime, may speak to the existence of new particles and dynamics not present in the Standard Model (SM). In scenarios with dark sectors, particles that couple feebly to those of the SM appear. We offer a focused overview of such possibilities and describe how the observations of neutron stars, which probe either their structure or dynamics, limit them. In realizing these constraints, we highlight how the assessment of particle processes within dense baryonic matter impacts the emerging picture -- and we emphasize both the flavor structure of the constraints and their broader connections to cogenesis models of dark matter and baryogenesis.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thUniverse(2024)·18 citations
2. 02*

   On the Galactic radio signal from stimulated decay of axion dark matter

   P. S. Bhupal Dev🇺🇸 · Francesc Ferrer🇺🇸 · Takuya Okawa🇺🇸

   We study the full-sky distribution of the radio emission from the stimulated decay of axions which are assumed to compose the dark matter in the Galaxy. Besides the constant extragalactic and CMB components, the decays are stimulated by a Galactic radio emission with a spatial distribution that we empirically determine from observations. We compare the diffuse emission to the counterimages of the brightest supernovae remnants, and take into account the effects of free-free absorption. We show that, if the dark matter halo is described by a cuspy NFW profile, the expected signal from the Galactic center is the strongest. Interestingly, the emission from the Galactic anti-center provides competitive constraints that do not depend on assumptions on the uncertain dark matter density in the inner region. Furthermore, the anti-center of the Galaxy is the brightest spot if the Galactic dark matter density follows a cored profile. The expected signal from stimulated decays of axions of mass $m_a\sim 10^{-6}$ eV is within reach of the Square Kilometer Array for an axion-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma }\gtrsim (2-3)\times 10^{-11}$ GeV${}^{-1}$.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·12 citations
3. 03*

   ALP Anarchy

   Francesca Chadha-Day🇬🇧 · James Maxwell🇬🇧 · Jessica Turner🇬🇧

   String theory models generically predict the existence of multiple axion-like particle (ALP) fields, yet the majority of both theoretical and experimental works have assumed only one ALP. In this paper, we discuss the phenomenology of systems with multiple ALPs that can undergo oscillations akin to neutrino oscillations. Motivated by this effect, we extend the 'anarchy' framework, which has been used to predict neutrino oscillation parameters, to generate the parameters of many ALP systems. We explore the phenomenology of these ALP anarchy models in some of the leading ALP search strategies, including the CERN Axion Solar Telescope, magnetic white dwarfs and the gamma-ray spectra of distant blazars. We include both the ALP-photon and the ALP-electron coupling. We find that ALP anarchy models predict drastically different results than single ALP models.

   hep-phJCAP(2024)·16 citations
4. 04*

   Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Dark Matter in $SU(7)$ Grand Unification

   Cheng-Wei Chiang🇹🇼 · Koji Tsumura🇯🇵 · Yoshiki Uchida🇨🇳 · Naoki Yamatsu🇹🇼

   We propose a grand unified theory (GUT) pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson (pNGB) dark matter (DM) model based on $SU(7)$ gauge symmetry. In the GUT model, the Standard Model (SM) gauge symmetry $G_{\mathrm{SM}}:=SU(3{)}_C\times SU(2{)}_L\times U(1{)}_Y$ and the ``dark'' gauge symmetry $SU(2{)}_D$ are unified, where the $SU(2{)}_D$ symmetry plays an important role in the stability of DM. The unification of SM fermions and dark sector fermions is partially realized. The gauge symmetry $SU(7)$ is spontaneously broken to $SU(5)\times SU(2)\times U(1)$ gauge symmetry at the GUT scale by the nonvanishing vacuum expectation values of an $SU(7)$ adjoint scalar field. The symmetry is further broken to $G_{\mathrm{SM}}\times SU(2{)}_D$ at an intermediate scale. Furthermore, the $SU(2{)}_D$ symmetry is broken by the $SU(2{)}_D$ doublet and triplet scalar fields at the TeV scale. In the pNGB DM model based on $G_{\mathrm{SM}}\times SU(2{)}_D$, the residual global $U(1{)}_V$ dark custodial symmetry guarantees DM stability. On the other hand, in the $SU(7)$ pNGB DM model, this global symmetry is explicitly broken by the Yukawa interaction and the effective Majorana mass terms. To maintain $U(1{)}_V$ symmetry and thus the DM stability, we need to tune Yukawa coupling constants and cubic scalar couplings at high accuracy. We find that the allowed DM mass region is quite restricted as the gauge coupling constant of $SU(2{)}_D$ is determined by the condition of the gauge coupling unification. To satisfy gauge coupling unification and the current experimental constraint on proton lifetime, we find that three generations of $SU(3{)}_C$ adjoint fermions and another three generations of $SU(2{)}_L$ adjoint fermions with the intermediate mass scale are required. We also find that there is no other solution to satisfy simultaneously the gauge coupling unification and the proton decay constraint if one assumes the other symmetry breaking schemes.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·5 citations
5. 05*

   Axion sourcing in dense stellar matter via CP-violating couplings

   Filippo Anzuini🇦🇺 · Antonio Gómez-Bañón🇪🇸 · José A. Pons🇪🇸 · Andrew Melatos🇦🇺 · Paul D. Lasky🇦🇺

   Compact objects such as neutron stars and white dwarfs can source axion-like particles and QCD axions due to CP-violating axion-fermion couplings. The magnitude of the axion field depends on the stellar density and on the strength of the axion-fermion couplings. We show that even CP-violating couplings one order of magnitude smaller than existing constraints source extended axion field configurations. For axion-like particles, the axion energy is comparable to the magnetic energy in neutron stars with inferred magnetic fields of the order of $10^{13}$ G, and exceeds by more than one order of magnitude the magnetic energy content of white dwarfs with inferred fields of the order of $10^4$ G. On the other hand, the energy stored in the QCD axion field is orders of magnitude lower due to the smallness of the predicted CP-violating couplings. It is shown that the sourced axion field can polarize the photons emitted from the stellar surface, and stimulate the production of photons with energies in the radio band.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2024)·8 citations
6. 06*

   Search for the production of dark matter in the framework of Mono-Z${}^{\prime }$ portal at the ILC simulated electron-positron collisions at $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV

   Sherif Elgammal🇪🇬

   In the present work, we study the possible production of the light neutral gauge boson (Z${}^{\prime }$) candidates, which originated from a simplified-model scenario based on the Mono-Z${}^{\prime }$ model, in association with dark matter. This study has been performed by studying events with dimuon plus missing transverse energy produced in the simulated electron-positron collisions at the foreseen International Linear Collider (ILC), operating at 500 GeV center of mass energy and integrated luminosity of 1000 fb${}^{-1}$. In case no new physics has been discovered, we set upper limits at 95\% confidence level on the masses of various particles in the model as, spin-1 (Z${}^{\prime }$), as well as the fermionic dark matter.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·2 citations
7. 07*

   One-loop evolution of twist-2 generalized parton distributions

   Valerio Bertone🇫🇷 · Rafael F. del Castillo🇪🇸 · Miguel G. Echevarria🇪🇸 · Óscar del Río🇪🇸 · Simone Rodini🇫🇷

   We revisit the evolution of generalised parton distributions (GPDs) at the leading order in the strong coupling constant ${\alpha }_s$ for all of the twist-2 quark and gluon operators. We rederive the relevant one-loop evolution kernels, expressing them in a form suitable for implementation, and check analytically that some basic properties, such as DGLAP/ERBL limits and polynomiality conservation, are fulfilled. We also present a number of numerical results obtained with a public implementation of the evolution in the library {\tt APFEL++} and available within the {\tt PARTONS} framework.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
8. 08*

   Surveying the mass spectra and the electromagnetic properties of the ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{D}^{(\ast )}$ molecular pentaquarks

   Fu-Lai Wang🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳

   Motivated by the observed $P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4459)/P_{\psi s}^{\Lambda }(4338)$ and $T_{cc}(3875{)}^{+}$ states as the ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }/{\Xi }_c\bar{D}$ and $D{D}^{\ast }$ molecular candidates, respectively, in this work we investigate the ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{D}^{(\ast )}$ molecular systems. We obtain the mass spectra and the corresponding spatial wave functions of the ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{D}^{(\ast )}$-type double-charm molecular pentaquark candidates with single strangeness, where we utilise the one-boson-exchange model and take into account both the $S$-$D$ wave mixing effect and the coupled channel effect. Our results show that the most promising candidates of the double-charm molecular pentaquarks with single strangeness include the ${\Xi }_{c}D$ state with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-})$, the ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }D$ state with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-})$, the ${\Xi }_c{D}^{\ast }$ states with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-},3/2^{-})$, the ${\Xi }_c^{\ast }D$ state with $I(J^P)=0(3/2^{-})$, the ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }{D}^{\ast }$ states with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-},3/2^{-})$, and the ${\Xi }_c^{\ast }{D}^{\ast }$ states with $I(J^P)=0(1/2^{-},3/2^{-},5/2^{-})$. To gain further insight into the inner structures and the properties of the isoscalar ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{D}^{(\ast )}$ molecular candidates, we utilize the constituent quark model to analyze their M1 radiative decay behaviors and magnetic moments based on the obtained mass spectra and spatial wave functions, which can offer the significant information to determine their spin-parity quantum numbers and configurations in the forthcoming experiments. We suggest that our experimental colleagues search for the predicted ${\Xi }_c^{(\prime ,\ast )}{D}^{(\ast )}$ molecular states.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·28 citations
9. 09*

   Explaining ATOMKI, $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$, and MiniBooNE anomalies with light mediators in $U(1{)}_H$ extended model

   Sumit Ghosh🇰🇷 · Pyungwon Ko🇰🇷

   We consider $U(1{)}_H$ extensions of Type-I 2HDM plus a singlet scalar ${\varphi }_H$, introducing a new Higgs doublet $H_2$ and a singlet ${\varphi }_H$ charged under $U(1{)}_H$. The SM Higgs doublet $H_1$ as well as all the SM fermions and three right-handed singlet neutrinos, introduced to generate nonzero neutrino masses and mixings, are neutral under $U(1{)}_H$. We also introduce a SM singlet Dirac fermion, charged under $U(1{)}_H$ and utilize it as sterile neutrinos relevant to the MiniBooNE experiment. The $U(1{)}_H$ symmetry breaks due to the vacuum expectation values of $H_2$ and ${\varphi }_H$, leading to the emergence of a light vector boson with a mass of approximately 17 MeV. This vector boson interacts with fermions through mass mixing and kinetic mixing process involving other neutral gauge bosons. Furthermore, alongside the light vector boson, another light scalar particle with a mass around 10--100 MeV may arise from scalar sector mixing. By utilizing the gauge couplings of the light vector boson and the Yukawa couplings of the light scalar, this model can simultaneously provide an explanation for the Beryllium anomaly observed in the ATOMKI experiment, the anomalous magnetic moment of charged leptons and the excess of electron-like events detected at the MiniBooNE experiment.

   hep-ph7 citations
10. 10*

    Enhanced Dilepton production near the color superconducting phase and the QCD critical point

    Toru Nishimura🇯🇵 · Yasushi Nara🇯🇵 · Jan Steinheimer🇩🇪

    The dilepton production yields in relativistic heavy ion collisions are investigated along isentropic trajectories in the quark (Wigner) phase within the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. An enhancement of the ultra-low energy dilepton yield in the vicinity of the color superconducting (CSC) phase and the QCD critical point (QCD-CP) is found, compared to the free quark gas. Furthermore, we have found a nontrivial structure in the beam energy dependence of the ultra-low energy dilepton yield. A local maximum and minimum of the dilepton yield as a function of entropy per baryon emerge when the trajectories are close to both locations of the CSC phase transition line and the QCD-CP. Only the maximum appears in the scenario without the CSC phase but with the QCD-CP. On the other hand, when only the CSC phase is considered, the dilepton yield monotonically increases as the beam energy decreases. These distinctive patterns could potentially serve as signals of the CSC phase and QCD-CP. In addition, it is found that the dilepton production yield and the location of the minimum strongly depend on the value of diquark coupling, suggesting the possibility that the value of the diquark coupling may be extracted from experimental data.

    hep-phnucl-exnucl-thEPJA(2024)·10 citations
11. 11*

    Quantum Loop effects to Primordial perturbations at the end of Type III hilltop inflation models

    Chia-Min Lin🇨🇳 · Da-Shin Lee

    In this work, we analytically calculate the spectra of primordial perturbations at the end of Type III hilltop inflation models under the slow-roll approximation. We examine the one-loop corrections of the spectra and find that those from the inflaton self-interaction are negligible. On the contrary, the loop effects from the interaction between the inflaton field and the waterfall field can be significant when the vacuum expectation value of the waterfall field is small. The implications are discussed.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-th0 citations
12. 12*

    Bose-Einstein condensate stars in combined Rastall-Rainbow gravity

    O. P. Jyothilakshmi🇮🇳 · Lakshmi J. Naik🇮🇳 · V. Sreekanth🇮🇳

    We study zero and finite temperature static Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) stars in the combined Rastall-Rainbow (RR) theory of gravity by considering different BEC equation of states (EoSs). We obtain the global properties of BEC stars by solving the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations with values of Rastall parameter $\kappa$ and Rainbow function $\Sigma$ chosen accordingly to get the results in theories of Rastall, Rainbow and RR. We observe that the parameter $\kappa$ has negligible effect on the maximum mass of the stars considered, whereas $\Sigma$ alters it significantly, and increasing the value of $\kappa$ beyond a certain limit results in unstable solutions for any value of $\Sigma$. We report that the inclusion of temperature in our analysis expands the parameter space by including more values of $\kappa$. However, temperature has negligible effect on the maximum mass of the stellar profiles in all the three theories. We find that the maximum masses and radii of the stars within RR theory can have good agreement with the observational data on pulsars for all the EoSs considered and in particular, the Colpi-Wasserman-Shapiro EoS, which was ruled out in General Relativity (GR). We also find that, in contrast to the results of GR, BEC stars consistent with observations can be realised in the RR theory with smaller bosonic self-interaction strength.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phnucl-thGen.Rel.Grav.(2024)·8 citations
13. 13*

    Fast neutrino-flavor swap in high-energy astrophysical environments

    Masamichi Zaizen🇯🇵 · Hiroki Nagakura🇯🇵

    We assert that non-linear features of fast neutrino-flavor conversion (FFC) can be qualitatively different between core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and binary neutron star mergers (BNSMs). This argument arises from recent global FFC simulations in BNSM, in which fast flavor swap (FFS) emerges in very narrow spatial regions, whereas neutrinos in CCSN tend to evolve towards flavor equipartition. In this {\it Letter}, we provide the physical mechanism of FFS based on a colliding neutrino beam model. Neutrinos/antineutrinos can undergo FFS when they propagate in ambient neutrino gas that propagates in the opposite direction and also has the opposite sign of ELN-XLN, where ELN and XLN denote electron- and heavy-leptonic neutrino number, respectively. Such environments can be naturally realized in BNSMs, whereas they are unlikely in CCSNe unless the neutrino sphere is strongly deformed aspherically. Our study exhibits the diversity of non-linear dynamics of FFC.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2024)·15 citations
14. 14*

    Optimized Self-Similar Borel Summation

    S. Gluzman🇨🇦 · V.I. Yukalov🇷🇺

    The method of Fractional Borel Summation is suggested in conjunction with self-similar factor approximants. The method used for extrapolating asymptotic expansions at small variables to large variables, including the variables tending to infinity, is described. The method is based on the combination of optimized perturbation theory, self-similar approximation theory, and Borel-type transformations. General Borel Fractional transformation of the original series is employed. The transformed series is resummed in order to adhere to the asymptotic power laws. The starting point is the formulation of dynamics in the approximations space by employing the notion of self-similarity. The flow in the approximation space is controlled, and ``deep'' control is incorporated into the definitions of the self-similar approximants. The class of self-similar approximations, satisfying, by design, the power law behavior, such as the use of self-similar factor approximants, is chosen for the reasons of transparency, explicitness, and convenience. A detailed comparison of different methods is performed on a rather large set of examples, employing self-similar factor approximants, self-similar iterated root approximants, as well as the approximation technique of self-similarly modified Pade - Borel approximations.

    ↳ nlin.CDcond-mat.otherhep-phmath-ph+1Axioms(2023)·2 citations
15. 15*

    The reggeon model with the pomeron and odderon: renormalization group approach

    M.A. Braun🇷🇺 · E.M. Kuzminskii🇷🇺 · M.I. Vyazovsky (Saint-Petersburg State University, Russia)🇷🇺

    The Regge-Gribov model of the pomeron and odderon in the non-trivial transverse space is studied by the renormalization group technique. The single loop approximation is adopted. Five real fixed points are found and the high-energy behaviour of the propagators is correspondingly calculated. As without odderon, the asymptotic is modulated by logarithms of energy in certain rational powers. Movement of coupling constants away from the fixed points is investigated both analytically (close to the fixed points) and numerically (far away). In the former case attraction occurs only in restricted domains of initial coupling constants. More generally in one third of the cases the coupling constants instead grow large indicating the breakdown of the single loop approximation.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phEPJC(2024)·5 citations
16. 16*

    Color Confinement and Random Matrices -- A random walk down group manifold toward Casimir scaling --

    Georg Bergner🇩🇪 · Vaibhav Gautam🇬🇧 · Masanori Hanada🇬🇧

    We explain the microscopic origin of linear confinement potential with the Casimir scaling in generic confining gauge theories. In the low-temperature regime of confining gauge theories such as QCD, Polyakov lines are slowly varying Haar random modulo exponentially small corrections with respect to the inverse temperature, as shown by one of the authors (M.~H.) and Watanabe. With exact Haar randomness, computation of the two-point correlator of Polyakov loops reduces to the problem of random walk on group manifold. Linear confinement potential with approximate Casimir scaling except at short distances follows naturally from slowly varying Haar randomness. With exponentially small corrections to Haar randomness, string breaking and loss of Casimir scaling at long distance follow. Hence we obtain the Casimir scaling which is only approximate and holds only at intermediate distance, which is precisely needed to explain the results of lattice simulations. For $(1+1)$-dimensional theories, there is a simplification that admits the Casimir scaling at short distances as well.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phnucl-thJHEP(2024)·5 citations
17. 17*

    Efficient Computation of Overlap Reduction Functions for Pulsar Timing Arrays

    Neha Anil Kumar🇺🇸 · Marc Kamionkowski🇺🇸

    Pulsar timing arrays seek and study gravitational waves (GWs) through the angular two-point correlation function of timing residuals they induce in pulsars. The two-point correlation function induced by the standard transverse-traceless GWs is the famous Hellings-Downs curve, a function only of the angle between the two pulsars. Additional polarization modes (vector/scalar) that may arise in alternative-gravity theories have different angular correlation functions. Furthermore, anisotropy, linear, or circular polarization in the stochastic GW background gives rise to additional structure in the two-point correlation function that cannot be written simply in terms of the angular separation of the two pulsars. In this paper, we provide a simple formula for the most general two-point correlation function--or overlap reduction function (ORF)--for a gravitational-wave background with an arbitrary polarization state, possibly containing anisotropies in its intensity and polarization (linear or circular). We provide specific expressions for the ORFs sourced by the general-relativistic transverse-traceless GW modes as well as vector (or spin-1) modes that may arise in alternative-gravity theories.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRL(2024)·20 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.