Mon·Nov 6, 2023Monday·November 6, 2023

1. 01*

   The MadNIS Reloaded

   Theo Heimel🇩🇪 · Nathan Huetsch🇩🇪 · Fabio Maltoni🇧🇪 · Olivier Mattelaer🇧🇪 · Tilman Plehn🇩🇪 · Ramon Winterhalder🇧🇪

   In pursuit of precise and fast theory predictions for the LHC, we present an implementation of the MadNIS method in the MadGraph event generator. A series of improvements in MadNIS further enhance its efficiency and speed. We validate this implementation for realistic partonic processes and find significant gains from using modern machine learning in event generators.

   hep-phhep-exphysics.comp-phSciPost Phys.(2024)·83 citations
2. 02*

   Unitarity Bound on Dark Matter in Low-temperature Reheating Scenarios

   Nicolás Bernal🇦🇪 · Partha Konar🇮🇳 · Sudipta Show🇮🇳

   Model-independent theoretical upper bound on the thermal dark matter (DM) mass can be derived from the maximum inelastic DM cross-section featuring the whole observed DM abundance. We deploy partial-wave unitarity of the scattering matrix to derive the maximal thermally-averaged cross section for general number-changing processes $r\to 2$ (with $r\ge 2$), which may involve standard model particles or occur solely within the dark sector. The usual upper limit on the DM mass for $s$-wave annihilation is around 130 TeV (1 GeV) for $r=2$ (3), only applies in the case of a freeze-out occurring in the standard cosmological scenario. We consider the effects of two nonstandard cosmological evolutions, characterized by low-temperature reheating: $i)$ a kination-like scenario and $ii)$ an early matter-dominated scenario. In the first case, early freeze-out strengthens the unitarity bound to a few TeVs for WIMPs; while in the second case, the WIMP DM can be as heavy as $\sim 10^{10}$ GeV due to a large entropy dilution.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·19 citations
3. 03*

   Developing predictions for pion fragmentation functions

   H.-Y. Xing🇨🇳 · Z.-Q. Yao🇮🇹 · B.-L. Li🇨🇳 · D. Binosi🇮🇹 · Z.-F. Cui🇨🇳 · C. D. Roberts🇨🇳

   Exploiting crossing symmetry, the hadron scale pion valence quark distribution function is used to predict the kindred elementary valence quark fragmentation function (FF). This function defines the kernel of a quark jet fragmentation equation, which is solved to obtain the full pion FFs. After evolution to a scale typical of FF fits to data, the results for quark FFs are seen to compare favourably with such fits. However, the gluon FF is markedly different. Notably, although FF evolution equations do not themselves guarantee momentum conservation, inclusion of a gluon FF which, for four quark flavours, distributes roughly 11% of the total light-front momentum fraction, is sufficient to restore momentum conservation under evolution. Overall, significant uncertainty is attached to FFs determined via fits to data; hence, the features of the predictions described herein could potentially provide useful guidance for future such studies.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1EPJC(2024)·18 citations
4. 04*

   New Signal of Atmospheric Tau Neutrino Appearance: Sub-GeV Neutral-Current Interactions in JUNO

   Stephan A. Meighen-Berger🇦🇺 · John F. Beacom🇺🇸 · Nicole F. Bell🇦🇺 · Matthew J. Dolan🇦🇺

   We propose the first practical method to detect atmospheric tau neutrino appearance at sub-GeV energies, which would be an important test of ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_{\tau }$ oscillations and of new-physics scenarios. In the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO; starts in 2024), active-flavor neutrinos eject neutrons from carbon via neutral-current quasielastic scattering. This produces a two-part signal: the prompt part is caused by the scattering of the neutron in the scintillator, and the delayed part by its radiative capture. Such events have been observed in KamLAND, but only in small numbers and were treated as a background. With ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_{\tau }$ oscillations, JUNO should measure a clean sample of 55 events/yr; with simple ${\nu }_{\mu }$ disappearance, this would instead be 41 events/yr, where the latter is determined from Super-Kamiokande charged-current measurements at similar neutrino energies. Implementing this method will require precise laboratory measurements of neutrino-nucleus cross sections or other developments. With those, JUNO will have $5\sigma$ sensitivity to tau-neutrino appearance in 5 years exposure, and likely sooner.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exPRD(2024)·8 citations
5. 05*

   Sterile Neutrinos at MAPP in the B-L Model

   Frank F. Deppisch🇬🇧 · Suchita Kulkarni🇦🇹 · Wei Liu🇨🇳

   The possibility of searching for right-handed neutrinos at the MoEDAL's Apparatus for Penetrating Particles (MAPP) detector is investigated in this work. In particular, pair-production of right-handed (RH) neutrinos $N$ from either a $B-L$ gauge boson $Z^{\prime }$, as well as Standard Model (SM) $Z$ boson are considered. Under a no-background assumption, we show that the MAPP detector can be sensitive to active-sterile neutrino mixing strengths as low as $V_{\mu N}^2\approx 10^{-12}$ for multiple choices of $m_N/m_{Z^{\prime }}$ values, when taking the $B-L$ gauge coupling $g_{B-L}=10^{-3}$ near its current limit. The SM $Z$ boson portal can reach a similar sensitivity, when the effective mixing between the $B-L$ and SM gauge boson is $\alpha \approx 0.002$.

   hep-ph19 citations
6. 06*

   Effects of stimulated emission and superradiant growth of non-spherical axion cluster

   Liang Chen🇨🇳 · Da Huang🇨🇳 · Chao-Qiang Geng🇨🇳

   We explore the stimulated emission of photons in non-spherical axion clusters with or without the axion source from the superradiance of a rotating black hole (BH). In particular, we focus on the cluster with the initial axion distribution in the $(l,m)=(1,1)$ mode which mimics the shape of an axion cloud induced by the BH superradiance. After establishing the hierarchy of Boltzmann equations governing a general non-spherical axion-photon system, we examine the evolution of photon and axion distributions in the cluster and possible stimulated emission signals. In the case without the axion source, the resultant signal would be a single photon pulse. As for the system with the BH superradiance as the axion source, multiple pulses are predicted. We also show that, for the latter case, the combined effects of stimulated emissions and the axion production from the BH superradiance could reach a balance where the axion cluster becomes uniformly and spherically distributed. Due to the energy and temporal characteristics of the obtained pulses, we demonstrate that the stimulated emissions from the axion cluster with axions sourced by the BH superradiance provide a candidate explanation to the observed fast radio bursts.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEJCAP(2024)·4 citations
7. 07*

   Two Higgs bosons, two loops, x+2 operators

   Gudrun Heinrich🇩🇪 · Jannis Lang🇩🇪 · Ludovic Scyboz🇦🇺

   We discuss the combination of NLO QCD corrections with operators of canonical dimension six within Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT), as well as within non-linear Effective Field Theory (HEFT) for Higgs-boson pair production in gluon fusion. Particular emphasis will be put on the identification of leading and subleading operators contributing to this process.

   hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
8. 08*

   Primordial Black Holes Are True Vacuum Nurseries

   Louis Hamaide🇬🇧 · Lucien Heurtier🇬🇧 · Shi-Qian Hu🇬🇧 · Andrew Cheek🇵🇱

   The Hawking evaporation of primordial black holes (PBH) reheats the Universe locally, forming hot spots that survive throughout their lifetime. We propose to use the temperature profile of such hot spots to calculate the decay rate of metastable vacua in cosmology, avoiding inconsistencies inherent to the Hartle-Hawking or Unruh vacuum. We apply our formalism to the case of the electroweak vacuum stability and find that a PBH energy fraction $\beta >7\times 10^{-80}(M/g{)}^{3/2}$ is ruled out for black holes with masses $0.8g<M<10^{15}g$.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thPLB(2024)·26 citations
9. 09*

   Complete electroweak O(Nc^2) two-loop contributions to the Higgs boson masses in the MSSM and aspects of two-loop renormalisation

   Henning Bahl🇺🇸 · Daniel Meuser🇩🇪 · Georg Weiglein🇩🇪

   Results for the full electroweak two-loop contributions of O(Nc^2), where Nc is the colour factor, to the Higgs-boson masses in the MSSM are obtained using a Feynman-diagrammatic approach including the full dependence on the external momentum. These corrections are expected to constitute the dominant part of the two-loop corrections that were still missing up to now. As a consequence of working at O(Nc^2), the relevant two-loop self-energies decompose into products of one-loop integrals, giving rise to a transparent analytical structure of the self-energies. We compare different renormalisation schemes for tanb, the ratio of the vacuum expectation values of the two Higgs doublets, and demonstrate under which conditions different renormalisation schemes can be related to each other via a simple reparametrisation. We explicitly show that this is in general not possible for mixed renormalisation schemes due to the presence of evanescent terms. In our numerical analysis, the new corrections are compared with already known two-loop contributions and the experimental uncertainty of the mass of the observed Higgs boson. While smaller than the already known two-loop corrections, the new terms are typically larger in size than the experimental uncertainty. This underlines the relevance of the so-far unknown electroweak two-loop contributions.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·2 citations
10. 10*

    Pion scattering, light resonances and chiral symmetry restoration at nonzero chiral imbalance and temperature

    Angel Gómez Nicola🇪🇸 · Patricia Roa-Bravo🇪🇸 · Andrea Vioque-Rodríguez🇪🇸

    We calculate the pion scattering amplitude at nonzero temperature and nonzero ${\mu }_5$, the chemical potential associated to chiral imbalance in a locally $P$-breaking scenario. The amplitude is calculated up to next to leading order in Chiral Perturbation Theory and is unitarized with the Inverse Amplitude Method to generate the poles of the $f_0(500)$ and $\rho (770)$ resonances. Within the saturation approach, the thermal $f_0(500)$ pole allows to determine $T_c({\mu }_5)$, the transition temperature for chiral symmetry restoration. Our results confirm the growing behaviour of $T_c({\mu }_5)$ found in previous works and, through a fit to lattice results, we improve the uncertainty range of the low-energy constants associated to ${\mu }_5$ corrections in the chiral lagrangian. The results for the $\rho (770)$ pole are compatible with previous works regarding the dilepton yield in heavy-ion collisions.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
11. 11*

    Lifetime of the dark $Z$ boson

    Dong-Won Jung🇰🇷 · Kang Young Lee🇰🇷 · Chaehyun Yu🇰🇷

    The mediator particle between the Standard Model sector and a hidden sector might have a long lifetime to show the observable displaced vertices in experiments. Considering a fermionic dark matter model in which the hidden sector is connected to the Standard Model by an additional Higgs doublet field, the mediator dark $Z$ boson may live long enough. We explore the possibility to observe the displaced vertices of the long-lived dark $Z$ boson at the CERN LHC and at the proposed SHiP experiment. We find that the ATLAS and CMS searches for the long-lived dark $Z$ boson can probe the mass range $7<m_{Z^{\prime }}<150\mathrm{MeV}$ with 150 fb${}^{-1}$ integrated luminosity at the LHC run 3, and the SHiP experiment will probe $2m_e<m_{Z^{\prime }}<15\mathrm{MeV}$ range with $6\times 10^{20}$ protons on target in total 15 years. The dark matter phenomenology is also discussed in the region where such a long-lived mediator is detectable.

    hep-phhep-exJ.Korean Phys.Soc.(2023)·1 citation
12. 12*

    Forward dijet production at the LHC within an impact parameter dependent TMD approach

    F. Deganutti🇺🇸 · C. Royon🇺🇸 · S. Schlichting🇩🇪

    We investigate possible signatures of gluon saturation using forward $p+A\to j+j+X$ di-jet production processes at the Large Hadron Collider. In the forward rapidity region, this is a highly asymmetric process where partons with large longitudinal momentum fraction \(x\) in the dilute projectile are used as a probe to resolve the small \(x\) partonic content of the dense target. Such dilute-dense processes can be described in the factorization framework of Improved Transverse Momentum Distributions (ITMDs). We present a new model for ITMDs where we explicitly introduce the impact parameter (\(b\)) dependence in the ITMDs, to properly account for the nuclear enhancement of gluon saturation effects, and discuss the phenomenological consequences for $p-Pb$, $p-Xe$ and $p-O$ collisions at the LHC. While the case of $p-p$ and $e-p$ collisions is used to fix the model parameters, we find that, on average, the nuclear enhancement of the saturation scale is noticeably weaker than expected from naive scaling with a simple dependence on the atomic number. Since our model explicitly accounts for event-by-event fluctuations of the nuclear geometry, it can also be applied to study forward central correlations in $p-A$ collisions.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·11 citations
13. 13*

    2$P$-wave charmed baryons from QCD sum rules

    Hui-Min Yang🇨🇳 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳

    We conduct an investigation on the $1P$- and $2P$-wave charmed baryons using the methods of QCD sum rules and light-cone sum rules within the framework of heavy quark effective theory. Our results suggest that the ${\Lambda }_c(2910{)}^{+}$, ${\Lambda }_c(2940{)}^{+}$, and ${\Xi }_c(3123{)}^{+}$ can be well interpreted as the $2P$-wave charmed baryons of $J^P=1/2^{-}$ and $3/2^{-}$, belonging to the $SU(3)$ flavor ${\bar{3}}_F$ representation. Moreover, the ${\Xi }_c(3123{)}^{+}$ possesses a partner state characterized by $J^P=1/2^{-}$, denoted as ${\Xi }_c(1/2^{-},2P)$. Our analysis predicts its mass and width to be $m_{{\Xi }_c(1/2^{-},2P)}-m_{{\Xi }_c(3123{)}^{+}}=-18\pm 7$MeV and ${\Gamma }_{{\Xi }_c(2P,1/2^{-})}=31_{-27}^{+170}$MeV, with $m_{{\Xi }_c(3123{)}^{+}}=3122.9\pm 1.3$MeV. We propose to search for it in the ${\Xi }_c(1/2^{-},2P)\to {\Sigma }_{c}K$ decay channel.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·14 citations
14. 14*

    Production of the $\Xi N$ dibaryon as a weakly bound system in $pp$ collisions

    Tian-Chen Wu🇨🇳 · Atsushi Hosaka🇯🇵 · Li-Sheng Geng🇨🇳

    The $\Xi N$ interaction plays an important role in our understanding on the long-anticipated $H$-dibaryon. Recent lattice QCD calculations verified the attractive nature of the $\Xi N$ interaction. On the other hand, whether it is strong enough to generate a bound state remains inconclusive.In this work, assuming that it can generate a weakly bound state, we study the yields of the $\Xi N$ dibaryon for different binding energies in $pp$ collisions at 7 TeV using the coalescence model and the transport model PACIAE. The yields are estimated first numerically and then analytically adopting a Yukawa-type wave function. In particular, we find that in the weak binding limit, there exists a universal relation between the yield and the binding energy, valid for $pp$ collisions.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Toward global fits using Higgs STXS data with Lilith

    Dang Bao Nhi Nguyen🇻🇳 · Duc Ninh Le🇻🇳 · Sabine Kraml🇫🇷 · Quang Loc Tran🇻🇳 · Van Dung Le🇻🇳

    In this talk, we present the program Lilith, a python package for constraining new physics from Higgs measurements. We discuss the usage of signal strength results in the latest published version of Lilith, which allows for constraining deviations from SM Higgs couplings through coupling modifiers. Moreover, we discuss the on-going development to include Higgs STXS data and SMEFT parametrizations in Lilith with the aim of performing global fits of the ATLAS and CMS data. As we point out, detailed information on Standard Model uncertainties and their correlations is important to enable the proper reuse of the experimental results.

    hep-phhep-ex0 citations
16. 16*

    Detecting Axion Dark Matter with Black Hole Polarimetry

    Xucheng Gan🇺🇸 · Lian-Tao Wang🇺🇸 · Huangyu Xiao🇺🇸

    The axion, as a leading dark matter candidate, is the target of many ongoing and proposed experimental searches based on its coupling to photons. Ultralight axions that couple to photons can also cause polarization rotation of light, which the cosmic microwave background can probe. In this work, we show that a large axion field is inevitably developed around supermassive black holes due to the Bose-Einstein condensation of axions, enhancing the induced birefringence effects. Therefore, measuring the modulations of supermassive black hole imaging polarization angles is a strong probe of the axion-photon coupling due to the formation of the axion condensation (axion star) which enhances the axion field. The oscillating axion field around black holes induces polarization rotation on the black hole image, which is detectable and distinguishable from astrophysical effects on the polarization angle, as it exhibits distinctive temporal variability and frequency invariability. In this work, we perform theoretical calculations of the axion star formation rate and the corresponding enhanced axion field value near supermassive black holes. Then, we present the range of axion-photon couplings within the axion mass range $10^{-21}-10^{-16}\text{eV}$ that can be probed by the Event Horizon Telescope. The axion parameter space probed by black hole polarimetry will expand with improvements in sensitivity of polarization measurements and more black hole polarimetry targets with determined black hole masses.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEPRD(2024)·36 citations
17. 17*

    Precision three-dimensional imaging of nuclei using recoil-free jets

    Shen Fang🇨🇳 · Weiyao Ke🇨🇳 · Ding Yu Shao🇨🇳 · John Terry🇺🇸

    In this study, we explore the azimuthal angle decorrelation of lepton-jet pairs in e-p and e-A collisions as a means for precision measurements of the three-dimensional structure of bound and free nucleons. Utilizing soft-collinear effective theory, we perform the first-ever resummation of this process in e-p collisions at NNLL accuracy using a recoil-free jet axis. Our results are validated against Pythia simulations. In e-A collisions, we address the complex interplay between three characteristic length scales: the medium length $L$, the mean free path of the energetic parton in the medium $\lambda$, and the hadronization length $L_h$. We demonstrate that in the thin-dilute limit, where $L\ll L_h$ and $L\sim \lambda$, this process can serve as a robust probe of the three-dimensional structure for bound nucleons. We conclude by offering predictions for future experiments at the Electron-Ion Collider within this limit.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thJHEP(2024)·12 citations
18. 18*

    Using the $W$ as a Standard Candle to Reach the Top: Calibrating Energy Correlator Based Top Mass Measurements

    Jack Holguin🇬🇧 · Ian Moult🇺🇸 · Aditya Pathak🇩🇪 · Massimiliano Procura🇦🇹 · Robert Schöfbeck🇦🇹 · Dennis Schwarz🇦🇹

    The top quark mass is a key parameter of the Standard Model, yet measuring it precisely at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is challenging. Inspired by the use of standard candles in cosmology, we propose a novel energy correlator-based observable, which directly accesses the dimensionless quantity $m_t$/$m_W$. We perform a Monte Carlo study to demonstrate the feasibility of the top mass extraction from Run 2, 3, and High-Luminosity LHC datasets. Our resulting $m_t$ can be defined in a well-controlled short-distance mass scheme and exhibits remarkably small uncertainties from nonperturbative effects, as well as insensitivity to parton distribution functions, outlining a roadmap for a record precision measurement at the LHC.

    hep-phhep-exPRL(2025)·50 citations
19. 19*

    Quark Mass Dependence of Heavy Quark Diffusion Coefficient from Lattice QCD

    Luis Altenkort🇩🇪 · David de la Cruz🇩🇪 · Olaf Kaczmarek🇩🇪 · Rasmus Larsen🇳🇴 · Guy D. Moore🇩🇪 · Swagato Mukherjee🇺🇸 · Peter Petreczky🇺🇸 · Hai-Tao Shu🇺🇸 · Simon Stendebach🇩🇪

    We present the first study of the quark mass dependence of the heavy quark momentum and spatial diffusion coefficients using lattice QCD with light dynamical quarks corresponding to a pion mass of 320 MeV. We find that, for the temperature range 195 MeV $<T<$ 293 MeV, the spatial diffusion coefficients of the charm and bottom quarks are smaller than those obtained in phenomenological models that describe the $p_T$ spectra and elliptic flow of open heavy flavor hadrons.

    ↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phnucl-thPRL(2024)·70 citations
20. 20*

    Halo Densities and Pericenter Distances of the Bright Milky Way Satellites as a Test of Dark Matter Physics

    Kevin E. Andrade · Manoj Kaplinghat🇺🇸 · Mauro Valli🇮🇹

    We provide new constraints on the dark matter halo density profile of Milky Way (MW) dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) using the phase-space distribution function (DF) method. After assessing the systematics of the approach against mock data from the Gaia Challenge project, we apply the DF analysis to the entire kinematic sample of well-measured MW dwarf satellites for the first time. Contrary to previous findings for some of these objects, we find that the DF analysis yields results consistent with the standard Jeans analysis. In particular, in the present study we rediscover: i) a large diversity in the inner halo densities of dSphs (bracketed by Draco and Fornax), and ii) an anti-correlation between inner halo density and pericenter distance of the bright MW satellites. Regardless of the strength of the anti-correlation, we find that the distribution of these satellites in density vs. pericenter space is inconsistent with the results of the high-res N-body simulations that include a disk potential. Our analysis motivates further studies on the role of internal feedback and dark matter microphysics in these dSphs.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-phMNRAS(2024)·14 citations
21. 21*

    Constraining the Existence of Axion Clouds in M87* with Closure Trace Analyses

    Zhiren Wang🇨🇳 · Avery E. Broderick🇨🇦

    Black holes can amplify incoming bosonic waves via rotational superradiance, inducing bound states of ultralight bosons around them. This phenomenon has the potential to confine the parameter spaces of new bosons. Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are candidate beyond-standard-model particles that can form such clouds around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and impact the polarization signal in a similar fashion to Faraday rotation via axion-photon coupling. Prior efforts have used polarized images from the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) M87 2017 observations to limit the dimensionless axion-photon coupling to previously unexplored regions. However, with the novel calibration-insensitive quantities, closure traces and conjugate closure trace products, it is possible to constrain the existence of axion clouds while avoiding the dominant sources of systematic uncertainties, e.g., station gains and polarization leakages. We utilize a simple geometric model for the polarization map of M87* to fit the model parameters with both simulated and real data sets and reach a comparable level of constraint in the accuracy with which an axion cloud may be excluded in M87. Future applications of our approach include subsequent M87* and Sgr A* observations by EHT and next-generation EHT (ngEHT) are expected to produce stronger constraints across a wider range of axion and ALP masses. Because it does not require imaging, closure trace analyses may be applied to target AGN for which imaging is marginal, extending the number of SMBHs from which axion limits may be obtained significantly.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-phApJ(2024)·6 citations
22. 22*

    Phase space noncommutativity, power-law inflation and quantum cosmology

    S. M. M. Rasouli🇵🇹 · João Marto🇵🇹

    Considering an arbitrary dimensional FLRW universe in the framework of a generalized Sáez--Ballester (SB) theory, we establish a noncommutative (NC) cosmological model. We concentrate on the predictions of NC model and compare them with their commutative counterparts in both the classical and quantum regimes. For the classic case, taking a very small NC parameter, we apply two different methods to analyze the model features. First, we show through numerical analysis that our NC model is a successful inflationary model capable of overcoming the graceful exit and horizon problems. Furthermore, the NC traces are visible the late time, which supports the UV/IR mixing characteristic of the NC models. In the second method, we show that our NC model can correspond to the previously developed NC inflationary models. In the commutative quantum case, we obtain an exact wave function and then use the WKB approximation to show that the solutions of the corresponding classical regime are recovered. Finally, with regard to the NC quantum level, we focus on the special case for which we show that a constant of motion exists. The latter helps us to conveniently transform the corresponding complicated NC-WDW equation into an ordinary differential equation, which can be easily solved numerically for the general case or analytically for some special cases. The resultant solutions show a damping behavior in the wave function associated with the proposed NC model, which may be important in determining the viable initial states for the very early universe.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phChaos Solitons Fractals(2024)·4 citations
23. 23*

    FiniteFieldSolve: Exactly Solving Large Linear Systems in High-Energy Theory

    James Mangan🇺🇸

    Large linear systems play an important role in high-energy theory, appearing in amplitude bootstraps and during integral reduction. This paper introduces FiniteFieldSolve, a general-purpose toolkit for exactly solving large linear systems over the rationals. The solver interfaces directly with Mathematica, is straightforward to install, and seamlessly replaces Mathematica's native solvers. In testing, FiniteFieldSolve is approximately two orders of magnitude faster than Mathematica and uses an order of magnitude less memory. The package also compares favorably against other public solvers in FiniteFieldSolve's intended use cases. As the name of the package suggests, solutions are obtained via well-known finite field methods. These methods suffer from introducing an inordinate number of modulo (or integer division) operations with respect to different primes. By automatically recompiling itself for each prime, FiniteFieldSolve converts the division operations into much faster combinations of instructions, dramatically improving performance. The technique of compiling the prime can be applied to any finite field solver, where the time savings will be solver dependent. The operation of the package is illustrated through a detailed example of an amplitude bootstrap.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2024)·11 citations
24. 24*

    Relaxing cosmological constraints on current neutrino masses

    Vitor da Fonseca🇵🇹 · Tiago Barreiro🇵🇹 · Nelson J. Nunes🇵🇹

    We show that a mass-varying neutrino model driven by scalar field dark energy relaxes the existing upper bound on the current neutrino mass to $\sum m_{\nu }<0.72$ eV. We extend the standard $\Lambda$ cold dark matter model by introducing two parameters: the rate of change of the scalar field with the number of $e$-folds and the coupling between neutrinos and the field. We investigate how they affect the matter power spectrum, the cosmic microwave background anisotropies and its lensing potential. The model is tested against Planck observations of temperature, polarization, and lensing, combined with baryon acoustic oscillation measurements that constrain the background evolution. The results indicate that small couplings favor a cosmological constant, while larger couplings favor a dynamical dark energy, weakening the upper bound on current neutrino masses.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
25. 25*

    Measurement of the $K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}\gamma \gamma$ decay

    The NA62 Collaboration

    A sample of 3984 candidates of the $K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}\gamma \gamma$ decay, with an estimated background of $291\pm 14$ events, was collected by the NA62 experiment at CERN during 2017-2018. In order to describe the observed di-photon mass spectrum, the next-to-leading order contribution in chiral perturbation theory was found to be necessary. The decay branching ratio in the full kinematic range is measured to be $(9.61\pm 0.17)\times 10^{-7}$. The first search for production and prompt decay of an axion-like particle with gluon coupling in the process $K^{+}\to {\pi }^{+}a$, $a\to \gamma \gamma$ is also reported.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPLB(2024)·50 citations
26. 26*

    Quantum Sensors for High Energy Physics

    Aaron Chou🇺🇸 · Kent Irwin🇺🇸 · Reina H. Maruyama🇺🇸 · Oliver K. Baker🇺🇸 · Chelsea Bartram🇺🇸 · Karl K. Berggren🇺🇸 · Gustavo Cancelo🇺🇸 · Daniel Carney🇺🇸 · Clarence L. Chang🇺🇸 · Hsiao-Mei Cho🇺🇸 · Maurice Garcia-Sciveres🇺🇸 · Peter W. Graham🇺🇸 and 30 other authors

    Strong motivation for investing in quantum sensing arises from the need to investigate phenomena that are very weakly coupled to the matter and fields well described by the Standard Model. These can be related to the problems of dark matter, dark sectors not necessarily related to dark matter (for example sterile neutrinos), dark energy and gravity, fundamental constants, and problems with the Standard Model itself including the Strong CP problem in QCD. Resulting experimental needs typically involve the measurement of very low energy impulses or low power periodic signals that are normally buried under large backgrounds. This report documents the findings of the 2023 Quantum Sensors for High Energy Physics workshop which identified enabling quantum information science technologies that could be utilized in future particle physics experiments, targeting high energy physics science goals.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phquant-ph29 citations
27. 27*

    Cosmic Simulations of Axion String-Wall Networks: Probing Dark Matter and Gravitational Waves for Discovery

    Yang Li🇨🇳 · Ligong Bian🇨🇳 · Rong-Gen Cai🇨🇳 · Jing Shu🇨🇳

    We simultaneously study gravitational waves (GWs) and free axions emitted from axionic string-wall networks in the early universe using advanced 3D lattice simulations. Our simulations start before the Peccei-Quinn phase transition and end with the destruction of string-wall networks below the QCD scale. The axion dark matter (DM) relic abundance radiated from string-wall networks are updated and refined for the scenarios of $N_{\mathrm{DW}}>1$. In this scenario, we observe that the GW spectrum is almost independent of the bias term and $N_{\mathrm{DW}}$, and ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{GW}}{h}^2\propto f^{1.29}(f^{-0.43})$ in the IR and middle-frequency regions. After considering the constraints from DM relic abundance, we found that the QCD axion model predicts undetectable GW emissions, and the axion-like particles model allows for a detectable GW signal in the nano-Hertz to the milli-Hertz frequency range corresponding to axion masses range from KeV to TeV. For $N_{\mathrm{DW}}=1$, the GW energy density appears undetectable for QCD axions and axion-like particles.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-lathep-phJCAP(2025)·18 citations
28. 28*

    Correlations of Conserved Quantities at Finite Baryon Density

    Oleh Savchuk🇺🇸 · Scott Pratt🇺🇸

    Correlations involving the seven conserved quantities, namely energy, baryon number, electric charge, strangeness, and the three components of momentum, give rise to correlations in heavy-ion collisions. Through the utilization of a simple one-dimensional hydrodynamic model, we calculate the evolution of the entire $7\times 7$ matrix of correlations as a function of relative spatial rapidity. This comprehensive analysis accounts for finite baryon density, which results in off-diagonal correlations between the charge-related quantities and the energy-momentum quantities. These correlations in coordinate space are subsequently transformed into correlations in momentum space using statistical weighting. The entire matrix of correlations is revealed to be highly sensitive to the equation of state (EoS), viscosity, and diffusivity.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2024)·6 citations
29. 29*

    Extreme Axions Unveiled: a Novel Fluid Approach for Cosmological Modeling

    Harrison Winch🇨🇦 · Renee Hlozek🇨🇦 · David J. E. Marsh🇬🇧 · Daniel Grin🇺🇸 · Keir Rogers🇨🇦

    Axion-like particles (ALPs) are a well-motivated dark matter candidate that solve some of the problems in the clustering of large scale structure in cosmology. ALPs are often described by a simplified quadratic potential to specify the dynamics of the axion field, and are included in cosmological analysis codes using a modified fluid prescription. In this paper we consider the extreme axion: a version of the axion with a high initial field angle that produces an enhancement (rather than a suppression) of structure on small scales around the Jeans length, which can be probed by measurements of clustering such as the eBOSS DR14 Ly-$\alpha$ forest. We present a novel method of modeling the extreme axion as a cosmological fluid, combining the Generalized Dark Matter model with the effective fluid approach presented in the \texttt{axionCAMB} software, as well as implementing a series of computational innovations to efficiently simulate the extreme axions. We find that for axion masses between $10^{-23}\mathrm{eV}\lesssim m_{\mathrm{ax}}\lesssim 10^{-22.5}\mathrm{eV}$, constraints on the axion fraction imposed by the eBOSS DR14 Ly-$\alpha$ forest can be significantly weakened by allowing them to be in the form of extreme axions with a starting angle between $\pi -10^{-1}\lesssim {\theta }_i\lesssim \pi -10^{-2}$. This work motivates and enables a more robust hydrodynamical analysis of extreme axions in order to compare them to high-resolution Ly-$\alpha$ forest data in the future.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·17 citations
30. 30*

    Beyond a Year of Sanctions in Science

    M. Albrecht · A. Ali🇨🇦 · M. Barone · S. Brentjes · M. Bona · J. Ellis🇬🇧 · A. Glazov🇩🇪 · H. Jung🇩🇪 · M. Mangano🇨🇭 · G. Neuneck · N. Raicevic🇲🇪 · J. Scheffran and 3 other authors

    While sanctions in political and economic areas are now part of the standard repertoire of Western countries (not always endorsed by UN mandates), sanctions in science and culture in general are new. Historically, fundamental research as conducted at international research centers such as CERN has long been seen as a driver for peace, and the Science4Peace idea has been celebrated for decades. However, much changed with the war against Ukraine, and most Western science organizations put scientific cooperation with Russia and Belarus on hold immediately after the start of the war in 2022. In addition, common publications and participation in conferences were banned by some institutions, going against the ideal of free scientific exchange and communication. These and other points were the topics of an international virtual panel discussion organized by the Science4Peace Forum together with the "Natural Scientists Initiative - Responsibility for Peace and Sustainability" (NatWiss e.V.) in Germany and the journal "Wissenschaft und Frieden" (W&F) (see the Figure). Fellows from the Hamburg Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy (IFSH), scientists collaborating with the large physics research institutes DESY and CERN, as well as from climate and futures researchers were represented on the panel. In this Dossier we document the panel discussion, and give additional perspectives. The authors of the individual sections present their personal reflections, which should not be taken as implying that they are endorsed by the Science4Peace Forum or any other organizations. It is regrettable that some colleagues who expressed support for this document felt that it would be unwise for them to co-sign it.

    ↳ physics.soc-phhep-exhep-phhep-th4 citations
31. 31*

    Dissipative Dark Substructure: The Consequences of Atomic Dark Matter on Milky Way Analog Subhalos

    Caleb Gemmell🇨🇦 · Sandip Roy🇺🇸 · Xuejian Shen🇺🇸 · David Curtin🇨🇦 · Mariangela Lisanti🇺🇸 · Norman Murray🇨🇦 · Philip F. Hopkins🇺🇸

    Using cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations, we explore the properties of subhalos in Milky Way analogs that contain a sub-component of Atomic Dark Matter (ADM). ADM differs from Cold Dark Matter (CDM) due to the presence of self interactions that lead to energy dissipation and bound-state formation, analogous to Standard Model baryons. This model can arise in complex dark sectors that are natural and theoretically-motivated extensions to the Standard Model. The simulations used in this work were carried out using GIZMO and utilize the FIRE-2 galaxy formation physics in the Standard Model baryonic sector. For the parameter points we consider, the ADM gas cools efficiently, allowing it to collapse to the center of subhalos. This increases a subhalo's central density and affects its orbit, with more subhalos surviving small pericentric passages. The subset of subhalos that host visible satellite galaxies have cuspier density profiles and smaller stellar-half-mass radii relative to CDM. The entire population of dwarf galaxies produced in the ADM simulations is much more compact than those seen in CDM simulations, unable to reproduce the entire diversity of observed dwarf galaxy structures. Additionally, we also identify a population of highly compact subhalos that consist nearly entirely of ADM and form in the central region of the host, where they can leave distinctive imprints in the baryonic disk. This work presents the first detailed exploration of subhalo properties in a strongly dissipative dark matter scenario, providing intuition for how other regions of ADM parameter space, as well as other dark sector models, would impact galactic-scale observables.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COhep-phApJ(2024)·40 citations
32. 32*

    Generalized cold-atom simulators for vacuum decay

    Alexander C. Jenkins🇬🇧 · Ian G. Moss🇬🇧 · Thomas P. Billam🇬🇧 · Zoran Hadzibabic🇬🇧 · Hiranya V. Peiris🇬🇧 · Andrew Pontzen🇬🇧

    Cold-atom analog experiments are a promising new tool for studying relativistic vacuum decay, enabling one to empirically probe early-Universe theories in the laboratory. However, existing proposals place stringent requirements on the atomic scattering lengths that are challenging to realize experimentally. Here we eliminate these restrictions and show that any stable mixture between two states of a bosonic isotope can be used as a faithful relativistic analog. This greatly expands the landscape of suitable experiments, and will expedite efforts to study vacuum decay with cold atoms.

    ↳ cond-mat.quant-gasastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph+1PRA(2024)·27 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.