Mon·Oct 30, 2023Monday·October 30, 2023

1. 01*

   Effects of Finite Material Size On Axion-magnon Conversion

   So Chigusa🇺🇸 · Asuka Ito🇯🇵 · Kazunori Nakayama🇯🇵 · Volodymyr Takhistov🇯🇵

   Magnetic materials are particularly favorable targets for detecting axions interacting with electrons because the collective excitation of electron spins, the magnon, can be excited through the axion-magnon conversion process. It is often assumed that only the zero-momentum uniformly precessing magnetostatic (Kittel) mode of the magnon is excited. This is justified if the de Broglie wavelength of the axion is much longer than the size of the target magnetic material. However, if the de Broglie wavelength is shorter, finite-momentum magnon modes can also be excited. We systematically analyze the target material size dependence of the axion-magnon conversion rate. We discuss the importance of these effects in the detection of relativistic axions as well as in the detection of axion dark matter of relatively heavy mass with large material size.

   hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-exJHEP(2024)·5 citations
2. 02*

   Multi--lepton Signatures from $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ at the LHC

   Jochem Kip🇳🇱 · Zhongyi Zhang🇳🇱

   The $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ extended Standard Model (SM) is anomaly free, and contains a massive $Z^{\prime }$ boson. The associated Higgs, which generates the $Z^{\prime }$'s mass via spontaneous symmetry breaking (SSB) can mix with the SM Higgs. The new parameters relating to extra Higgs cannot be probed at the LHC with final states containing no more than $4$ leptons. Therefore, we use signatures with at least $6$ leptons to probe the parameter space through LHC experiments. Since SM predicts a lower cross section for a final state with at least $6$ leptons than is currently visible at the LHC, the background is negligible, thereby making this channel an extremely sensitive probe. We find that in a limited region of the parameter space this channel can strongly constrain the associated $U(1{)}_{L_{\mu }-L_{\tau }}$ coupling constant, even more so than for a $4$ lepton or fewer final state.

   hep-ph0 citations
3. 03*

   Peccei-Quinn Inflation at the Pole and Axion Kinetic Misalignment

   Hyun Min Lee🇰🇷 · Adriana G. Menkara🇰🇷 · Myeong-Jung Seong🇰🇷 · Jun-Ho Song🇰🇷

   We propose a minimal extension of the Standard Model with the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) scalar field and explain the relic density of the QCD axion through the kinetic misalignment with a relatively small axion decay constant. To this purpose, we consider a slow-roll inflation from the radial component of the PQ field with the PQ conserving potential near the pole of its kinetic term and investigate the post-inflationary dynamics of the PQ field for reheating. The angular mode of the PQ field, identified with the QCD axion, receives a nonzero velocity during inflation due to the PQ violating potential, evolving with an approximately conserved Noether PQ charge. We determine the reheating temperature from the perturbative decays and scattering processes of the inflaton and obtain dark radiation from the axions produced from the inflaton scattering at a testable level in the future Cosmic Microwave Background experiments. We show the correlation between the reheating temperature, the initial velocity of the axion and the axion decay constant, realizing the axion kinetic misalignment for the correct relic density.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·15 citations
4. 04*

   Quark stars in $D_3$-$D_7$ holographic model

   M. Aleixo🇧🇷 · C.H. Lenzi🇧🇷 · W. de Paula🇧🇷 · R. da Rocha🇧🇷

   This work investigates static and dynamical quark star properties within a $D_3-D_7$ holographic model. We solve the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations for the quark matter equation of state obtained from the brane configuration. We determine the mass-radius diagram for a range of model parameters and compare with recent NICER observational data for the pulsars PSR J$0030+0451$ and PSR J$0740+6620$. Motivated by the GW170817 event detected by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration, we also calculate the tidal deformability parameter obtained for each component of the binary star system. We show that quark stars composed of flavor-independent quark matter derived from the $D_3-D_7$ holographic model are not able to satisfy simultaneously the LIGO-Virgo and NICER astrophysical bounds.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thEPJC(2024)·5 citations
5. 05*

   Probing Light Fermiophobic Higgs Boson via diphoton jets at the HL-LHC

   Daohan Wang🇰🇷 · Jin-Hwan Cho🇰🇷 · Jinheung Kim🇰🇷 · Soojin Lee🇰🇷 · Prasenjit Sanyal🇰🇷 · Jeonghyeon Song🇰🇷

   In this study, we explore the phenomenological signatures associated with a light fermiophobic Higgs boson, $h_{\mathrm{f}}$, within the type-I two-Higgs-doublet model at the HL-LHC. Our meticulous parameter scan illuminates an intriguing mass range for $m_{h_{\mathrm{f}}}$, spanning $[1,10]\mathrm{GeV}$. This mass range owes its viability to substantial parameter points, largely due to the inherent challenges of detecting the soft decay products of $h_{\mathrm{f}}$ at contemporary high-energy colliders. Given that this light $h_{\mathrm{f}}$ ensures $Br(h_{\mathrm{f}}\to \gamma \gamma )\simeq 1$, $Br(H^{\pm }\to h_{\mathrm{f}}{W}^{\pm })\simeq 1$, and $M_{H^{\pm }}\lesssim 330\mathrm{GeV}$, we propose a golden discovery channel: $pp\to h_{\mathrm{f}}{H}^{\pm }\to \gamma \gamma \gamma \gamma l^{\pm }\nu$, where $l^{\pm }$ includes $e^{\pm }$ and ${\mu }^{\pm }$. However, a significant obstacle arises as the two photons from the $h_{\mathrm{f}}$ decay mostly merge into a single jet due to their proximity within $\Delta R<0.4$. This results in a final state characterized by two jets, rather than four isolated photons, thus intensifying the QCD backgrounds. To tackle this, we devise a strategy within \textsc{Delphes} to identify jets with two leading subparticles as photons, termed diphoton jets. Our thorough detector-level simulations across 18 benchmark points predominantly show signal significances exceeding the $5\sigma$ threshold at an integrated luminosity of $3{\mathrm{ab}}^{-1}$. Furthermore, our approach facilitates accurate mass reconstructions for both $m_{h_{\mathrm{f}}}$ and $M_{H^{\pm }}$. Notably, in the intricate scenarios with heavy charged Higgs bosons, our application of machine learning techniques provides a significant boost in significance.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·5 citations
6. 06*

   Comments on oscillations in elastic scattering of hadrons

   S.M. Troshin🇷🇺 · N.E. Tyurin🇷🇺

   The observed absence of the small-$t$ oscillations in differential cross--section of the elastic scattering is considered as a consequence of the reflective scattering mode appearance at the highest energy of the LHC $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV.

   hep-phhep-exMod.Phys.Lett.A(2024)·1 citation
7. 07*

   Neutrino mixing model for best-fit values of ${\theta }_{12}$ and ${\theta }_{13}$

   Yuta Hyodo🇯🇵 · Teruyuki Kitabayashi🇯🇵

   Recently, the precise observations have yielded values for the neutrino mixing angles, denoted as ${\theta }_{12}$ and ${\theta }_{13}$. Therefore, constructing a neutrino mixing model capable of accurately reflecting a these measurements is crucial. In this paper, we propose a novel neutrino mixing model similar to the trimaximal mixing model. Unlike the trimaximal model that falls short of concurrently replicating the best-fit values of ${\theta }_{12}$ and ${\theta }_{13}$, our proposed mixing model has the ability simultaneously reproduce the best-fit values for both angles.

   hep-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2024)·2 citations
8. 08*

   Complete lowest order radiative corrections in semi-inclusive scattering of polarized particles

   I. Akushevich🇺🇸 · H. Avakian🇺🇸 · A. Ilyichev🇧🇾 · S. Srednyak🇺🇸

   The lowest order radiative corrections to the cross section and asymmetries measured in experiments on semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering of polarized particles were calculated. Both exact and leading log expressions were presented and discussed for the total correction that include the contributions from the processes of (i) real photon emission with semi-inclusive processes, (ii) loop diagrams, and (iii) real photon emission with exclusive processes. Radiative corrections to the Sivers and Collins asymmetries in ${\pi }^{+}$ electroproduction were studied numerically within the kinematical conditions of modern experimental environments at Jefferson Laboratory (JLab). The Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for the semi-inclusive structure functions and MAID2007 parameterization for the six amplitudes of exclusive processes were used in numeric analyses. The results show that (i) radiative effects can generate a correction comparable to the size of Sivers and Collins asymmetries at the Born level, (ii) there is good agreement between the exact and leading-order corrections, (iii) external functions (that is, other than the Sivers and Collins functions in the respective asymmetries) can generate a contribution to the radiative correction up to 20\%, and (iv) there exists a strong dependence of the radiative correction on the models for semi-inclusive and exclusive structure functions.

   hep-phEPJA(2023)·3 citations
9. 09*

   $Sp(6,Z)$ modular symmetry in flavor structures: quark flavor models and Siegel modular forms for $\tilde{\Delta }(96)$

   Shota Kikuchi🇯🇵 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Kaito Nasu🇯🇵 · Shohei Takada🇯🇵 · Hikaru Uchida🇯🇵

   We study an approach to construct Siegel modular forms from $Sp(6,Z)$. Zero-mode wave functions on $T^6$ with magnetic flux background behave Siegel modular forms at the origin. Then $T$-symmetries partially break depending on the form of background magnetic flux. We study the background such that three $T$-symmetries $T_I$, $T_{II}$ and $T_{III}$ as well as the $S$-symmetry remain.Consequently, we obtain Siegel modular forms with three moduli parameters $({\omega }_1,{\omega }_2,{\omega }_3)$, which are multiplets of finite modular groups. We show several examples. As one of examples, we study Siegel modular forms for $\tilde{\Delta }(96)$ in detail. Then, as a phenomenological applicantion, we study quark flavor models using Siegel modular forms for $\tilde{\Delta }(96)$. Around the cusp, ${\omega }_1=i\infty$, the Siegel modular forms have hierarchical values depending on their $T_I$-charges. We show the deviation of ${\omega }_1$ from the cusp can generate large quark mass hierarchies without fine-tuning. Furthermore CP violation is induced by deviation of ${\omega }_2$ from imaginary axis.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·20 citations
10. 10*

    Net-charge particle ratio fluctuations in $pp$ collisions at several LHC energies

    Subhadeep Paul🇮🇳 · Tumpa Biswas🇮🇳 · Dipak Ghosh🇮🇳 · Mehedi Kalam🇮🇳 · Prabir Kr. Halder🇮🇳

    Event-by-event particle ratio fluctuations for simulated data sets of three different models named UrQMD, AMPT, and Pythia are studied using the fluctuation variable ${\nu }_{dyn}$. The simulated data sets produced in $pp$ collisions at four different LHC energies $\sqrt{s}=2.76,5.02,7$ and $13$ TeV are generated and considered for this analysis. The variation of fluctuation parameter ${\nu }_{dyn}$ for accepted pair of meson and baryon combination $i.e.$ $[\pi ,K]$, $[\pi ,p]$ and $[p,K]$ with the increasing value of the mean multiplicity of charged particles ($⟨N_{ch}⟩$) are investigated. It has been observed that the correlation between the particle pair $[\pi ,K]$ is more than that of the two other particle pairs $[\pi ,p]$ and $[p,K]$. However, the energy-wise inspection of the fluctuation variable ${\nu }_{dyn}$ for $0-10\%$ centrality data shows the increase in the correlation between the particles in each pair for all three models considered.

    hep-ph0 citations
11. 11*

    TRSM benchmark planes -- EPS-HEP2023 update

    Tania Robens🇭🇷

    I briefly review the Benchmark Planes in the Two-Real-Singlet Model (TRSM), a model that enhances the Standard Model (SM) scalar sector by two real singlets that obey a Z2 x Z2' symmetry. All fields acquire a vacuum expectation value, that softly breaks the above symmetry and leads to mixing of all CP even neutral states. Furthermore, all interactions with SM-like particles are inherited from the SM-like doublet via mixing. I remind the readers of the previously proposed benchmark planes, and briefly discuss possible production at future Higgs factories, as well as regions in a more generic scan of the model. Results are based on previous work presented in arXiv:1908.08554, arXiv:2209.10996, and arXiv:2305.08595.

    hep-phPoS(2024)·8 citations
12. 12*

    Search for dark energy with neutron interferometry

    Hauke Fischer🇦🇹 · Christian Käding🇦🇹 · Hartmut Lemmel🇦🇹 · Stephan Sponar🇦🇹 · Mario Pitschmann🇦🇹

    We use previously obtained experimental results by neutron interferometry to effectively constrain the parameter space of several prominent dark energy models. This investigation encompasses the environment-dependent dilaton field, a compelling contender for dark energy that emerges naturally within the strong coupling limit of string theory, alongside symmetron and chameleon fields. Our study presents substantial improvements over previous constraints of the dilaton and symmetron fields, improving parameter constraints by several orders of magnitude. However, the analysis does not yield any new constraints on the chameleon field. Furthermore, we establish constraints for the projected neutron split interferometer, which has recently concluded a decisive proof-of-principle demonstration. Our symmetron simulations reveal that depending on the parameter values there are multiple static solutions with increasing number of nodes and increasing energy inside a cylindrical vacuum chamber. This agrees with results obtained earlier in the literature for infinitely parallel plates. Interestingly, while these multiple solutions can correspond to domain walls forming inside the vacuum chamber, we also find solutions that do not reach their vacuum expectation value inside the vacuum chamber, but display multiple nodes nonetheless.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcnucl-ex+1PTEP(2024)·21 citations
13. 13*

    Gluon helicity from global analysis of experimental data and lattice QCD Ioffe time distributions

    J. Karpie🇺🇸 · R. M. Whitehill🇺🇸 · W. Melnitchouk🇺🇸 · C. Monahan🇺🇸 · K. Orginos🇺🇸 · J.-W. Qiu🇺🇸 · D. G. Richards🇺🇸 · N. Sato🇺🇸 · S. Zafeiropoulos🇫🇷

    We perform a new global analysis of spin-dependent parton distribution functions with the inclusion of Ioffe time pseudo-distributions computed in lattice QCD (LQCD), which are directly sensitive to the gluon helicity distribution, $\Delta g$. These lattice data have an analogous relationship to parton distributions as do experimental cross sections, and can be readily included in global analyses. We focus in particular on the constraining capability of current LQCD data on the sign of $\Delta g$ at intermediate parton momentum fractions $x$, which was recently brought into question by analysis of data in the absence of parton positivity constraints. We find that present LQCD data cannot discriminate between positive and negative $\Delta g$ solutions, although significant changes in the solutions for both the gluon and quark sectors are observed.

    hep-phhep-latPRD(2024)·23 citations
14. 14*

    On ${\gamma }_5$ schemes and the interplay of SMEFT operators in the Higgs-gluon coupling

    Stefano Di Noi🇮🇹 · Ramona Gröber🇮🇹 · Gudrun Heinrich🇩🇪 · Jannis Lang🇩🇪 · Marco Vitti🇩🇪

    We calculate the four-top quark operator contributions to Higgs production via gluon fusion in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. The four-top operators enter for the first time via two-loop diagrams. Due to their chiral structure they contain ${\gamma }_5$, so special care needs to be taken when using dimensional regularisation for the loop integrals. We use two different schemes for the continuation of ${\gamma }_5$ to $D$ space-time dimensions in our calculations and present a mapping for the parameters in the two schemes. This generically leads to an interplay of different operators, such as four-top operators, chromomagnetic operators or Yukawa-type operators at the loop level. We validate our results by examples of matching onto UV models.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·49 citations
15. 15*

    QCD equation of state and thermodynamic observables from computationally minimal Dyson-Schwinger Equations

    Yi Lu🇨🇳 · Fei Gao🇨🇳 · Yu-Xin Liu🇨🇳 · Jan M. Pawlowski🇩🇪

    We study the QCD equation of state and other thermodynamic observables including the isentropic trajectories and the speed of sound. These observables are of eminent importance for the understanding of experimental results in heavy ion collisions and also provide a QCD input for studies of the timeline of heavy-ion-collisions with hydrodynamical simulations. They can be derived from the quark propagator whose gap equation is solved within a minimal approximation to the Dyson-Schwinger equations of QCD at finite temperature and density. This minimal approximation aims at a combination of computational efficiency and simplification of the truncation scheme while maintaining quantitative precision. This minimal DSE scheme is confronted and benchmarked with results for correlation functions and observables from first principles QCD lattice at vanishing density and quantitative functional approaches at finite density.

    hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·34 citations
16. 16*

    Detectable and defect-free dark photon dark matter

    David Cyncynates🇺🇸 · Zachary J. Weiner🇺🇸

    Ultralight dark photons are compelling dark matter candidates, but their allowed kinetic mixing with the Standard Model photon is severely constrained by requiring that the dark photons do not collapse into a cosmic string network in the early Universe. Direct detection in minimal production scenarios for dark photon dark matter is strongly limited, if not entirely excluded; discovery of sub-meV dark photon dark matter would therefore point to a nonminimal dark sector. We describe a model that evades such constraints, capable of producing cold dark photons in any parameter space accessible to future direct detection experiments. The associated production dynamics yield additional signatures in cosmology and small-scale structure, allowing for possible positive identification of this particular class of production mechanisms.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRL(2025)·47 citations
17. 17*

    Maglev for Dark Matter: Dark-photon and axion dark matter sensing with levitated superconductors

    Gerard Higgins🇦🇹 · Saarik Kalia🇺🇸 · Zhen Liu🇺🇸

    Ultraprecise mechanical sensors offer an exciting avenue for testing new physics. While many of these sensors are tailored to detect inertial forces, magnetically levitated (Maglev) systems are particularly interesting, in that they are also sensitive to electromagnetic forces. In this work, we propose the use of magnetically levitated superconductors to detect dark-photon and axion dark matter through their couplings to electromagnetism. Several existing laboratory experiments search for these dark-matter candidates at high frequencies, but few are sensitive to frequencies below $1\mathrm{kHz}$ (corresponding to dark-matter masses $m_{\mathrm{DM}}\lesssim 10^{-12}\mathrm{eV}$). As a mechanical resonator, magnetically levitated superconductors are sensitive to lower frequencies, and so can probe parameter space currently unexplored by laboratory experiments. Dark-photon and axion dark matter can source an oscillating magnetic field that drives the motion of a magnetically levitated superconductor. This motion is resonantly enhanced when the dark matter Compton frequency matches the levitated superconductor's trapping frequency. We outline the necessary modifications to make magnetically levitated superconductors sensitive to dark matter, including specifications for both broadband and resonant schemes. We show that in the $\mathrm{Hz}\lesssim f_{\mathrm{DM}}\lesssim \mathrm{kHz}$ frequency range our technique can achieve the leading sensitivity amongst laboratory probes of both dark-photon and axion dark matter.

    hep-phhep-exquant-phPRD(2024)·38 citations
18. 18*

    Alleviating the present tension between T2K and NO$\nu$A with nonstandard neutrino interactions

    Adriano Cherchiglia🇧🇷 · Pedro Pasquini🇯🇵 · O. L. G. Peres🇧🇷 · F. F. Rodrigues🇧🇷 · R. R. Rossi🇧🇷 · E. S. Souza🇧🇷

    Since neutrino oscillation was observed, several experiments have been built to measure its parameters. NO$\nu$A and T2K are two long-baseline experiments dedicated to measuring mainly the mixing angle ${\theta }_{23}$, the charge-parity conjugation phase ${\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}$, and the mass ordering. However, there is a tension in current data. The T2K allowed region is in conflict with the region allowed by NO$\nu$A. We propose a nonstandard charged current interaction (CC-NSI) in neutrino production to relieve this tension. The CC-NSI is computed through quantum field theory (QFT) formalism, where we derive perturbative analytical formulae considering CC-NSI in the pion decay. Within this new approach, we can alleviate NO$\nu$A and T2K tension for a CC-NSI complex parameters of order $10^{-3}$. We show the new phase has a degeneracy to the Dirac CP phase of the form ${\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}\pm \varphi =1.5\pi$ being a possible source of violation of charge-parity symmetry.

    hep-phPRD(2025)·10 citations
19. 19*

    Adiabatic Axion-Photon Mixing Near Neutron Stars

    Jonas Tjemsland🇳🇴 · Jamie McDonald🇧🇪 · Samuel J. Witte🇬🇧

    One of the promising new proposals to search for axions in astrophysical environments is to look for narrow radio lines produced from the resonant conversion of axion dark matter falling through the magnetospheres of neutron stars. For sufficiently strong magnetic fields, axion masses in the $\mathcal{O}(10\mu \mathrm{eV})$ range, and axion-photon couplings $g_{a\gamma }\gtrsim 10^{-12}\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^{-1}$, the conversion can become hyper-efficient, allowing axion-photon and photon-axion transitions to occur with $\mathcal{O}(1)$ probabilities. Despite the strong mixing between these particles, the observable radio flux emanating from the magnetosphere is expected to be heavily suppressed -- this is a consequence of the fact that photons sourced by infalling axions have a high probability of converting back into axions before escaping the magnetosphere. In this work, we study the evolution of the axion and photon phase space near the surface of highly magnetized neutron stars in the adiabatic regime, quantifying for the first time the properties of the radio flux that arise at high axion-photon couplings. We show that previous attempts to mimic the scaling in this regime have been overly conservative in their treatment, and that the suppression can be largely circumvented for radio observations targeting neutron star populations.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEPRD(2024)·23 citations
20. 20*

    Orbital Angular Momentum at Small $x$ Revisited

    Yuri V. Kovchegov🇺🇸 · Brandon Manley🇺🇸

    We revisit the problem of the small Bjorken-$x$ asymptotics of the quark and gluon orbital angular momentum (OAM) distributions in the proton utilizing the revised small-$x$ helicity evolution derived recently. We relate the quark and gluon OAM distributions at small $x$ to the polarized dipole amplitudes and their (first) impact-parameter moments. To obtain the OAM distributions, we derive novel small-$x$ evolution equations for the impact-parameter moments of the polarized dipole amplitudes in the double-logarithmic approximation (summing powers of ${\alpha }_s{\ln }^2(1/x)$ with ${\alpha }_s$ the strong coupling constant). We solve these evolution equations numerically and extract the leading large-$N_c$, small-$x$ asymptotics of the quark and gluon OAM distributions, which we determine to be \begin{align} L_{q+\bar{q}}(x, Q^2) \sim L_{G}(x,Q^2) \sim \Delta \Sigma(x, Q^2) \sim \Delta G(x,Q^2) \sim \left(\frac{1}{x}\right)^{3.66 \, \sqrt{\frac{\alpha_s N_c}{2\pi}}}, \notag \end{align} in agreement with the existing results in the literature within the precision of our numerical evaluation. (Here $N_c$ is the number of quark colors.) We also investigate the ratios of the quark and gluon OAM distributions to their helicity distribution counterparts in the small-$x$ region.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thJHEP(2024)·29 citations
21. 21*

    Post-LS3 Experimental Options in ECN3

    C. Ahdida🇨🇭 · G. Arduini🇨🇭 · K. Balazs🇨🇭 · H. Bartosik🇨🇭 · J. Bernhard🇨🇭 · A. Boyarsky🇳🇱 · J. Brod🇺🇸 · M. Brugger🇨🇭 · M. Calviani🇨🇭 · A. Ceccucci🇨🇭 · A. Crivellin🇨🇭 · G. D'Ambrosio🇮🇹 and 38 other authors

    The Experimental Cavern North 3 (ECN3) is an underground experimental cavern on the CERN Prévessin site. ECN3 currently hosts the NA62 experiment, with a physics programme devoted to rare kaon decays and searches of hidden particles approved until Long Shutdown 3 (LS3). Several options are proposed on the longer term in order to make best use of the worldwide unique potential of the high-intensity/high-energy proton beam extracted from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) in ECN3. The current status of their study by the CERN Physics Beyond Colliders (PBC) Study Group is presented, including considerations on beam requirements and upgrades, detector R&D and construction, schedules and cost, as well as physics potential within the CERN and worldwide landscape.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph27 citations
22. 22*

    Multi-line CO Imaging of Two Ultra-luminous Infrared Galaxies

    Grishma Adenkar · Viktor Lipovka · Nihar Prabhala · Srikar Vakkalagadda

    The primary goal of this project was to use the given data of four emission lines from two ultra-luminous infrared galaxies to calculate the molecular gas mass and dynamical mass of each galaxy. These quantities can provide valuable information about a galaxy's age, star formation properties, and molecular make-up. Ultra-luminous infrared galaxies are formed from the merger or interaction of gas-rich galaxies, and are classified by having a luminosity of greater than 1012 L?. The presence of molecular gas clouds and dust encourages formation of young, bright stars in these galaxies, but also makes it difficult to measure the total gravitational and molecular masses, since molecular hydrogen is virtually undetectable within gas clouds. Our data instead observed emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) from the two ULIRGs at transitions of J= 1 -> 0 orJ= 2 -> 1. The software Difmap was used to map the interferometer data obtained from the Plateau de Bure Interferometer (PdBI). Our data was cleaned, filtered, and subsequently used to generate UV-plots of the emissions, along with other values needed for calculations. Some of the key results include that iras 15250 is much younger as it has not used up a majority of its molecular gas while iras 17208 is older because it has used it up, the gas mass fraction can be used to estimate the amount of dark matter present in the galaxy, and that the gas content and the central surface brightness of the disk are directly correlated.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-ph0 citations
23. 23*

    Towards a more complete description of nucleon distortion in lepton-induced single-pion production at low-$Q^2$

    J. García-Marcos🇪🇸 · T. Franco-Munoz🇪🇸 · R. González-Jiménez🇪🇸 · A. Nikolakopoulos🇺🇸 · N. Jachowicz🇧🇪 · J.M. Udías🇪🇸

    Theoretical predictions for lepton-induced single-pion production (SPP) on ${}^{12}$C are revisited in order to assess the effect of different treatments of the current operator. On one hand we have the asymptotic approximation, which consists in replacing the particle four-vectors that enter in the operator by their asymptotic values, i.e., their values out of the nucleus. On the other hand we have the full calculation, which is a more accurate approach to the problem. We also compare with results in which the final nucleon is described by a relativistic plane wave, to rate the effect of the nucleon distortion. The study is performed for several lepton kinematics, reproducing inclusive and semi-inclusive cross sections belonging to the low-$Q^2$ region (between 0.05 and 1 GeV${}^2$), which is of special interest in charged-current (CC) neutrino-nucleus 1$\pi$ production. Inclusive electron results are compared with experimental data. We find non-trivial corrections comparable in size with the effect of the nucleon distortion, namely, corrections up to 6\%, either increasing or diminishing the asymptotic prediction, and a shift of the distributions towards higher energy transfer. For the semi-inclusive cross sections, we observe the correction to be prominent mainly at low values of the outgoing nucleon kinetic energy. Finally, for CC neutrino-induced 1${\pi }^{+}$ production, we find a reduction at low-$Q^2$ with respect to both the plane-wave approach and the asymptotic case.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2024)·7 citations
24. 24*

    Casimir effect in axion electrodynamics with lattice regularizations

    Katsumasa Nakayama🇯🇵 · Kei Suzuki🇯🇵

    The Casimir effect is induced by the interplay between photon fields and boundary conditions, and in particular, photon fields modified in axion electrodynamics may lead to the sign-flipping of the Casimir energy. We propose a theoretical approach to derive the Casimir effect in axion electrodynamics. This approach is based on a lattice regularization and enables us to discuss the dependence on the lattice spacing for the Casimir energy. With this approach, the sign-flipping behavior of the Casimir energy is correctly reproduced. By taking the continuum limit of physical quantity calculated on the lattice, we can obtain the results consistent with the continuum theory. This approach can also be applied to the Casimir effect at nonzero temperature.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.mes-hallhep-lathep-ph+1PRD(2024)·8 citations
25. 25*

    Mass gaps of a ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ gauge theory with three fermion flavors in 1 + 1 dimensions

    Adrien Florio🇺🇸 · Andreas Weichselbaum🇺🇸 · Semeon Valgushev🇺🇸 · Robert D. Pisarski🇺🇸

    We consider a ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ gauge theory coupled to three degenerate massive flavors of fermions, which we term "QZD". The spectrum can be computed in $1+1$ dimensions using tensor networks. In weak coupling the spectrum is that of the expected mesons and baryons, although the corrections in weak coupling are nontrivial, analogous to those of non-relativistic QED in 1+1 dimensions. In strong coupling, besides the usual baryon, the singlet meson is a baryon anti-baryon state. For two special values of the coupling constant, the lightest baryon is degenerate with the lightest octet meson, and the lightest singlet meson, respectively.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-lathep-ph+1PRD(2024)·11 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.