Fri·Oct 20, 2023Friday·October 20, 2023

1. 01*

   The $N_f{C}_F^3$ contribution to the non-singlet splitting function at four-loop order

   Thomas Gehrmann🇨🇭 · Andreas von Manteuffel🇩🇪 · Vasily Sotnikov🇨🇭 · Tong-Zhi Yang🇨🇭

   We report a new result for the $N_f{C}_F^3$ contribution to the four-loop anomalous dimensions of non-singlet, twist-two operators in Quantum Chromodynamics. This result is obtained through computations of off-shell operator matrix elements. Employing integration-by-parts reductions and differential equations with respect to a tracing parameter allowed us to derive analytic results valid for arbitrary Mellin moment $n$.

   hep-phPLB(2024)·46 citations
2. 02*

   Probing a light charged Higgs boson at the LHC Run 3

   A. Arhrib🇲🇦 · R. Benbrik🇲🇦 · M. Krab🇲🇦 · B. Manaut🇲🇦 · S. Moretti🇬🇧 · Y. Wang🇨🇳 · Q. S. Yan🇨🇳

   We study the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) discovery prospects of a light charged Higgs boson decaying into a $W$ boson and a non-Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs within the 2-Higgs Doublet Model type-I. In the analysis, we consider the associated production of a charged Higgs boson with a light neutral one, $pp\to H^{\pm }h$, with the subsequent $H^{\pm }\to W^{\pm \ast }h$. We then investigate the emerging $W^{\pm \ast }+4b$ final state and provide several benchmark points for signal-to-background analysis. We therefore show that this signal could be an excellent avenue for identifying $H^{\pm }$ at the LHC.

   hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
3. 03*

   Long-lived neutral fermions at the DUNE near detector

   Julian Y. Günther🇩🇪 · Jordy de Vries🇳🇱 · Herbi K. Dreiner🇩🇪 · Zeren Simon Wang🇹🇼 · Guanghui Zhou🇳🇱

   At the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), a proton beam hits a fixed target leading to large production rates of mesons. These mesons can decay and potentially provide a source of long-lived neutral fermions. Examples of such long-lived fermions are heavy neutral leptons which can mix with the standard-model active neutrinos, and the bino-like lightest neutralino in R-parity-violating supersymmetry. We show that the Standard Model Effective Field Theory extended with right-handed singlet neutrinos can simultaneously describe heavy neutral leptons and bino-like neutralinos in a unified manner. We use the effective-field-theory framework to determine the sensitivity reach of the DUNE near detector in probing various scenarios of long-lived neutral fermions.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·29 citations
4. 04*

   $X_0(2900)$ and its spin partners production in the $B^{+}$ decay process

   Zhuo Yu🇨🇳 · Qi Wu🇨🇳 · Dian-Yong Chen🇨🇳

   In the present work, we investigate $X_0(2900)$ and its spin partners productions in the $B^{+}$ decay processes, where $X_0(2900)$ is regarded as a ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ molecular state. We infer that the initial $B^{+}$ meson and the final $D^{+}{X}_0(2900)$ are connected through $D_{s1}^{+}(2460){\bar{D}}^{\ast 0}$ mesons by exchanging a $K^{\ast 0}$ meson. The contributions from such a meson loop to the process $B^{+}\to D^{+}{X}_0(2900)$ are evaluated and our estimations indicate that the measured branching fraction of $B^{+}\to D^{+}{X}_0(2900)$ could be well reproduced in a reasonable model parameter range, which indicates that $X_0(2900)$ could be interpreted as a ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ molecular state. In addition, the production processes $B^{+}\to D^{+}{\tilde{X}}_{1,2}$, $B^{+}\to D^{\ast +}{X}_0(2900)$, and $B^{+}\to D^{\ast +}{\tilde{X}}_{1,2}$ are investigated, and we find that the fit fraction of ${\tilde{X}}_1$ in the process $B^{+}\to D^{\ast +}{D}^{\ast -}{K}^{+}$ is aobut $6\%$, which should be accessible experimentally.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·15 citations
5. 05*

   Revisit a realistic intersecting D6-brane with modified soft SUSY terms

   Imtiaz Khan🇨🇳 · Waqas Ahmed🇨🇳 · Tianjun Li🇨🇳 · Shabbar Raza🇵🇰

   Because there are a few typos in the supersymmetry breaking sfermion masses and trilinear soft term, regarding the current Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and dark matter searches, we revisit a three-family Pati-Salam model based on intersecting D6-branes in Type IIA string theory on a ${\mathbf{T}}^6/({\mathbb{Z}}_2\times {\mathbb{Z}}_2)$ orientifold with a realistic phenomenology. We study the viable parameter space and discuss the spectrum consistent with the current LHC Supersymmetry searches along with the dark matter relic density bounds from the Planck 2018 data. For the gluinos and first two generations of sfermions, we observe that the gluino mass is in the range [2, 14] TeV, the squarks mass range is [2, 13] TeV and the sleptons mass is in the range [1, 5] TeV. We achieve the cold dark matter relic density consistent with 5$\sigma$ Planck 2018 bounds via A-funnel and coannihilation channels such as stop-neutralino, stau-neutralino, and chargino-neutralino. Except for a few chargino-neutralino coannihilation solutions, these solutions also satisfy current nucleon-neutralino spin-independent and spin-dependent scattering cross-sections and may be probed by future dark matter searches.

   hep-phhep-thUniverse(2024)·1 citation
6. 06*

   Internal structures of the baryons $\Xi (2030)$ and $\Xi (2120)$

   Hao Hei🇨🇳 · Yin Huang🇨🇳

   Currently, there is much controversy surrounding the interpretation of the $\Xi (2030)$ and $\Xi (2012)$ as traditional hadrons containing double strange quarks. In particular, the ratios of the partial decay widths into $\Lambda \bar{K}$ and $\Sigma \bar{K}$ for $\Xi (2030)$ cannot obtain a suitable explanation under the $qss$ three quark structure~\cite{Xiao:2013xi}. Thus, we suggest the $\Xi (2030)$ and $\Xi (2012)$ to be $VB(={\bar{K}}^{\ast }\Sigma /\rho \Xi /{\bar{K}}^{\ast }\Lambda /\varphi \Xi /\omega \Xi )$ molecular states. In this work, we perform a systematical investigation of possible molecular states from the $VB(={\bar{K}}^{\ast }\Sigma /\rho \Xi /{\bar{K}}^{\ast }\Lambda /\varphi \Xi /\omega \Xi )$ interaction. The interaction of the system considered is described by the $t$-channel vector ($\rho ,\omega ,\varphi ,{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$) and pseudoscalar ($\pi ,\eta ,\bar{K}$) mesons exchanges. By solving the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation with the obtained one-boson-exchange potentials, the $VB(={\bar{K}}^{\ast }\Sigma /\rho \Xi /{\bar{K}}^{\ast }\Lambda /\varphi \Xi /\omega \Xi )$ bound states with different quantum numbers are searched. The calculation suggests that $\Xi (2030)$ can be assigned as a $P$-wave ${\bar{K}}^{\ast }\Sigma /\rho \Xi /{\bar{K}}^{\ast }\Lambda /\varphi \Xi /\omega \Xi$ molecular state with spin parity $J^P=5/2^{+}$. The calculation also predict the existence of four ${\bar{K}}^{\ast }\Sigma /\rho \Xi /{\bar{K}}^{\ast }\Lambda /\varphi \Xi /\omega \Xi$ bound states with $J^P=1/2^{\pm }$ and $J^P=3/2^{\pm }$. The $\Xi (2012)$ may be a candidate for one of these four bound states. If $\Xi (2012)$ is an $S$-wave molecular state with $J^P=1/2^{-}$ or $J^P=3/2^{-}$, we suggest determining its spin and parity by studying its decay width, owing to the difference in their molecular components.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2024)·6 citations
7. 07*

   Chiral Analysis of the Nucleon Mass and Sigma Commutator

   Shiryo Owa🇦🇺 · Derek B. Leinweber🇦🇺 · Anthony W. Thomas🇦🇺 · Xuan-Gong Wang🇦🇺

   Schemes for describing the light quark mass dependence of the nucleon mass calculated in lattice QCD are compared. The three schemes in consideration include a fully relativistic and Lorentz covariant scheme, one that is fully relativistic but not Lorentz covariant, and a semirelativistic scheme utilizing the heavy baryon approximation. Calculations of observables involving pseudoscalar meson loop diagrams generate nonanalytic terms proportional to square roots and logarithms of the quark mass. The three schemes all yield the correct model independent leading and next-to-leading nonanalytic terms of the chiral expansion of the baryon mass. Results for the masses of the other members of the octet are also presented. Here, low-energy coefficients of the analytic terms of the expansion for the nucleon and hyperons are constrained by lattice QCD results and are demonstrated to be independent of the renormalization scheme used. The differences in the leading coefficient of the chiral expansions are found to be consistent with strange quark counting. Using the schemes examined herein, we report results for the pion-nucleon sigma commutator based upon recent lattice results from the CLS Collaboration. We find ${\sigma }_{\pi N}=51.7\pm 3.2\pm 1.4$ MeV where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic respectively.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2024)·5 citations
8. 08*

   Electroweak phase transition with radiative symmetry breaking in Type-II seesaw with inert doublet

   Shilpa Jangid🇰🇷 · Hiroshi Okada🇯🇵

   We consider the Type-II seesaw model extended with another Higgs doublet, which is odd under the $Z_2$ symmetry. We look for the possibility of triggering the electroweak symmetry breaking via radiative effects. The Higgs mass parameter changes sign from being positive at higher energy scales to negative at lower energy scales in the presence of the TeV scalar triplet. The Planck scale perturbativity is demanded and the electroweak phase transition is studied using two-loop $\beta$-functions. The maximum allowed values for the interaction quartic coupling of the second doublet field and the triplet field with the Higgs field are ${\lambda }_3=0.15$ and ${\lambda }_{{\Phi }_{1\Delta }}=0.50$, respectively. Considering these EW values, the first-order phase transition, i.e., ${\varphi }_{+}(T_c)/T_c\sim 0.6$ is satisfied only for vanishing doublet and triplet bare mass parameters, $m_{{\Phi }_2}=0.0$ GeV and $m_{\Delta }=0.0$ GeV. The small non-zero induced vacuum expectation value for the scalar triplet also generates the neutrino mass, and the lightest stable neutral particle from the inert doublet satisfies the dark matter constraints for the chosen parameter space. The impact of the thermal corrections on the stability of the electroweak vacuum is also studied, and the current experimental values of the Higgs mass and the top mass lie in the stable region both at the zero temperature and the finite temperature.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·4 citations
9. 09*

   Correlation functions for the $N^{\ast }(1535)$ and the inverse problem

   Raquel Molina🇪🇸 · Chu-Wen Xiao🇨🇳 · Wei-Hong Liang🇨🇳 · Eulogio Oset🇪🇸

   The $N^{\ast }(1535)$ can be dynamically generated in the chiral unitary approach with the coupled channels, $K^0{\Sigma }^{+},K^{+}{\Sigma }^0,K^{+}\Lambda$ and $\eta p$. In this work we evaluate the correlation functions for every channel and face the inverse problem. Assuming the correlation functions to correspond to real measurements, we conduct a fit to the data within a general framework in order to extract the information contained in these correlation functions. The bootstrap method is used to determine the uncertainties of the different observables, and we find that, assuming errors of the same order than in present measurements of correlation functions, one can determine the scattering length and effective range of all channels with a very good accuracy. Most remarkable is the fact that the method predicts the existence of a bound state of isospin $\frac{1}{2}$ nature around the mass of the $N^{\ast }(1535)$ with an accuracy of $6\mathrm{MeV}$. These results should encourage the actual measurement of these correlation functions (only the $K^{+}\Lambda$ one is measured so far), which can shed valuable light on the relationship of the $N^{\ast }(1535)$ state to these coupled channels, a subject of continuous debate.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·38 citations
10. 10*

    Energy dependence of $J/\psi$ production in pp collisions with the PACIAE model

    Kai-Fan Ye🇨🇳 · Qiang Wang🇨🇳 · Jia-Hao Shi🇨🇳 · Zhi-Ying Qin🇨🇳 · Wen-Chao Zhang🇨🇳 · An-Ke Lei🇨🇳 · Zhi-Lei She🇨🇳 · Yu-Liang Yan🇨🇳 · Ben-Hao Sa🇨🇳

    In this work we investigate the $J/\psi$ production in proton-proton collisions at the center-of-mass energy ($\sqrt{s}$) equal to 2.76, 5.02, 7, 8 and 13 TeV with a parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 2.2a. It is based on PYTHIA but extended considering the partonic and hadronic rescatterings before and after hadronization, respectively. In the PYTHIA sector the $J/\psi$ production quantum chromodynamics processes are selected specially and a bias factor is proposed correspondingly. The calculated total cross sections, the differential cross sections as a function of the transverse momentum and the rapidity of $J/\psi$ in the forward rapidity region reproduce the corresponding experimental measurements reasonably well. In the mid-rapidity region, the double differential cross sections at $\sqrt{s}=$ 5.02, 7 and 13 TeV are also in a good agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, we interpolate the double differential cross section as well as the total cross section of $J/\psi$ in the mid-rapidity region at $\sqrt{s}=$ 8 TeV, which could be validated if the experimental data is available.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2024)·6 citations
11. 11*

    The top quark rare decays with flavor violation

    Ming-Yue Liu🇨🇳 · Shu-Min Zhao🇨🇳 · Song Gao🇨🇳 · Xing-Yu Han🇨🇳 · Tai-Fu Feng🇨🇳

    In the present study, we investigate the decays of the top quark $t\to c\gamma$, $t\to cg$, $t\to cZ$ and $t\to ch$. They are extremely rare processes in the Standard Model (SM). As the $U(1)$ extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM), the $U(1{)}_X$SSM features new superfields such as the right-handed neutrinos and three Higgs singlets. We analyze the effects of different sensitive parameters on the results and make reasonable theorecial predictions, which provides a useful reference for future experimental development. Considering the constraint of the updated experimental data, the numerical results show that the branching ratios of all four processes $t\to c\gamma ,cg,cZ,ch$ can reach the same order of magnitude as their experimental upper limits. Among them, $\tan \beta$ has the most obvious effect on each process and is the main parameter. $g_X$, $g_{YX}$, $\mu$, $M_2$, ${\lambda }_H$, $M_{U23}^2$ and $M_{Q23}^2$ are important parameters for the processes, and have effects on the numerical results.

    hep-phCPC(2024)·1 citation
12. 12*

    Semi-inclusive two-nucleon emission in (anti) neutrino CC scattering within the relativistic mean field framework

    V.L. Martinez-Consentino🇪🇸 · A.M. Cantizani🇪🇸 · J.E. Amaro🇪🇸

    This paper delves into the distribution of semi-inclusive events involving the emission of two nucleons in (anti) neutrino charged-current scattering. The analysis is conducted within the framework of relativistic mean field theory applied to nuclear matter. To quantify the likelihood of such semi-inclusive events occurring, we employ a relativistic model of meson-exchange currents that aligns with the 2p2h inclusive cross-section. The outcomes are presented in terms of one-fold and two-fold integrated semi-inclusive cross sections. To highlight disparities among the various emission channels, including proton-proton, neutron-proton, and neutron-neutron, we compare them against a purely phase-space isotropic distribution within the center of mass of the two nucleons. These comparisons reveal significant differences in the event distributions, shedding light on the distinctive characteristics of each channel.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2024)·12 citations
13. 13*

    Consistency of Lorentz-invariance violation neutrino scenarios in time delay analyses

    J. M. Carmona🇪🇸 · J. L. Cortés🇪🇸 · M. A. Reyes🇪🇸

    Modifications inspired by quantum gravity in the kinematics of special relativity can manifest in various ways, including anomalies in the time of flight of massless particles and the emergence of decay channels for otherwise stable particles. Typically, these effects are studied independently; however, it may be necessary to combine both to perform a consistent analysis. In this work, we study the interplay between time-of-flight anomalies and neutrino instability in the context of a flavor-independent high-energy Lorentz-invariance violation (LIV) in the neutrino sector. Ensuring compatibility between both types of effects imposes strong constraints on the existence of early neutrinos with energies exceeding a maximum value determined by the scale of new physics. Such constraints depend on the specific LIV scenario and should be integrated into searches for high-energy neutrinos from gamma-ray bursts exhibiting LIV time shifts.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEgr-qcClass.Quant.Grav.(2024)·6 citations
14. 14*

    Correspondence between Color Glass Condensate and High-Twist Formalism

    Yu Fu🇺🇸 · Zhong-Bo Kang🇺🇸 · Farid Salazar🇺🇸 · Xin-Nian Wang🇨🇳 · Hongxi Xing🇨🇳

    The Color Glass Condensate (CGC) effective theory and the collinear factorization at high-twist (HT) are two well-known frameworks describing perturbative QCD multiple scatterings in nuclear media. It has long been recognized that these two formalisms have their own domain of validity in different kinematics regions. Taking direct photon production in proton-nucleus collisions as an example, we clarify for the first time the relation between CGC and HT at the level of a physical observable. We show that the CGC formalism beyond shock-wave approximation, and with the Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal interference effect is consistent with the HT formalism in the transition region where they overlap. Such a unified picture paves the way for mapping out the phase diagram of parton density in nuclear medium from dilute to dense region.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRL(2025)·14 citations
15. 15*

    The standard HVM

    Gauhar Abbas🇮🇳

    We discuss a standard hierarchical VEVs model which predicts the leptonic mixing angles in terms of the Cabibbo angle, and masses of strange and charm quarks as $\sin {\theta }_{12}^{\ell }\ge 1-2\sin {\theta }_{12}$, $\sin {\theta }_{23}^{\ell }\ge 1-\sin {\theta }_{12}$, and $\sin {\theta }_{13}^{\ell }\ge \sin {\theta }_{12}-\frac{m_s}{m_c}$ for the normal mass ordering of neutrinos. This results in very precise predictions of the leptonic mixing angles given by $\sin {\theta }_{12}^{\ell }=0.55\pm 0.00134$, $\sin {\theta }_{23}^{\ell }=0.775\pm 0.00067$, and $\sin {\theta }_{13}^{\ell }=0.1413-0.1509$. Furthermore, we predict neutrinos to be the Dirac kind disfavouring the inverted mass hierarchy. The standard hierarchical VEVs model predicts a possible new class of the dark matter candidate, named as neutrinic dark matter.

    hep-phhep-exMod.Phys.Lett.A(2025)·8 citations
16. 16*

    Shedding light on the MiniBoone Excess with Searches at the LHC

    Christian Herwig🇺🇸 · Joshua Isaacson🇺🇸 · Bo Jayatilaka🇺🇸 · Pedro A. N. Machado🇺🇸 · Allie Reinsvold Hall🇺🇸 · Murtaza Safdari🇺🇸

    The origin of the excess of low-energy events observed by the MiniBooNE experiment remains a mystery, despite exhaustive investigations of backgrounds and a series of null measurements from complementary experiments. One intriguing explanation is the production of beyond-the-Standard-Model particles that could mimic the experimental signature of additional ${\nu }_e$ appearance seen in MiniBooNE. In one proposed mechanism, muon neutrinos up-scatter to produce a new ``dark neutrino'' state that decays by emitting highly-collimated electron-positron pairs. We propose high-energy neutrinos produced from $W$ boson decays at the Large Hadron Collider as an ideal laboratory to study such models. Simple searches for a low-mass, boosted di-lepton resonance produced in association with a high-$p_{\text{T}}$ muon from the $W$ decay with Run 2 data would already provide unique sensitivity to a range of dark neutrino scenarios, with prompt and displaced searches providing complementarity. Looking farther ahead, we show how the unprecedented sample of $W$ boson decays anticipated at the HL-LHC, together with improved lepton acceptance would explore much of the parameter space most compatible with the MiniBooNE excess.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·1 citation
17. 17*

    The first limit on invisible decays of $B_s$ mesons comes from LEP

    Gonzalo Alonso-Álvarez🇨🇦 · Miguel Escudero🇨🇭

    Motivated by the recent evidence for $B^{+}\to K^{+}\bar{\nu }\nu$ decays at Belle II, we point out that fully invisible $B_d$ and $B_s$ meson decays are strongly constrained by LEP. A reinterpretation of an old inclusive ALEPH search for $b$-hadron decays with large missing energy allows us to place the limits $\mathrm{Br}(B_d\to \mathrm{invisible})<1.4\times 10^{-4}$ and $\mathrm{Br}(B_s\to \mathrm{invisible})<5.6\times 10^{-4}$, both at $90\%$ CL. The $B_d$ limit is only a factor of 6 looser than the world-leading one provided by the BaBar collaboration, while the $B_s$ one is the first limit in the literature on this decay mode. These results are relevant in the context of new light states coupled to quarks and exemplify the power of a future Tera-$Z$ factory at FCC-ee to look for $B$ meson decays containing missing energy.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·26 citations
18. 18*

    Low-energy effective field theory below the electroweak scale: one-loop renormalization in the 't Hooft-Veltman scheme

    Luca Naterop🇨🇭 · Peter Stoffer🇨🇭

    The low-energy effective field theory below the electroweak scale (LEFT) describes the effects at low energies of both the weak interaction and physics beyond the Standard Model. We study the one-loop renormalization of the LEFT in the 't Hooft-Veltman scheme, which offers an algebraically consistent definition of the Levi-Civita symbol and ${\gamma }_5$ in dimensional regularization. However, in connection with minimal subtraction this scheme leads to a spurious breaking of chiral symmetry in intermediate steps of the calculation. Based on the 't Hooft-Veltman prescription, we define a renormalization scheme that restores chiral symmetry by including appropriate finite counterterms. To this end, we extend the physical LEFT operator basis by a complete set of off-shell and one-loop-evanescent operators and we perform the renormalization at one loop. We determine the finite counterterms to the physical parameters that compensate both the insertions of evanescent operators, as well as the chiral-symmetry-breaking terms from the renormalizable part of the Lagrangian in $D$ dimensions. Our results can be applied in next-to-leading-log calculations in the 't Hooft-Veltman scheme: using our renormalization scheme instead of pure minimal subtraction separates the physical sector from the unphysical evanescent sector and leads to results that are manifestly free of spurious chiral-symmetry-breaking terms.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latJHEP(2024)·44 citations
19. 19*

    Anomaly Detection in Presence of Irrelevant Features

    Marat Freytsis🇺🇸 · Maxim Perelstein🇺🇸 · Yik Chuen San🇺🇸

    Experiments at particle colliders are the primary source of insight into physics at microscopic scales. Searches at these facilities often rely on optimization of analyses targeting specific models of new physics. Increasingly, however, data-driven model-agnostic approaches based on machine learning are also being explored. A major challenge is that such methods can be highly sensitive to the presence of many irrelevant features in the data. This paper presents Boosted Decision Tree (BDT)-based techniques to improve anomaly detection in the presence of many irrelevant features. First, a BDT classifier is shown to be more robust than neural networks for the Classification Without Labels approach to finding resonant excesses assuming independence of resonant and non-resonant observables. Next, a tree-based probability density estimator using copula transformations demonstrates significant stability and improved performance over normalizing flows as irrelevant features are added. The results make a compelling case for further development of tree-based algorithms for more robust resonant anomaly detection in high energy physics.

    hep-phJHEP(2024)·34 citations
20. 20*

    Gravitational Wave Symphony from Oscillating Spectator Scalar Fields

    Yanou Cui🇺🇸 · Pankaj Saha🇯🇵 · Evangelos I. Sfakianakis🇪🇸

    We investigate a generic source of stochastic gravitational wave background due to the parametric resonance of oscillating scalar fields in the early Universe. By systematically analyzing benchmark models through lattice simulations and considering a wide range of parameters, we demonstrate that such a scenario can lead to detectable signals in gravitational wave detectors over a broad frequency range and potentially address the recent findings by pulsar timing array experiments. Furthermore, these models naturally yield ultralight dark matter candidates or dark radiation detectable by cosmic microwave background observatories.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcPRL(2024)·19 citations
21. 21*

    Does Quarkonia Suppression serve as a probe for the deconfinement in small systems?

    Partha Bagchi🇮🇳 · Arpan Das🇮🇳 · Ananta P. Mishra🇮🇳

    In high multiplicity proton-proton $(p-p)$ collisions, the formation of a deconfined state of quarks and gluons akin to Heavy Ion Collisions (HIC) has been a subject of significant interest. In proton-proton ($p-p$) collisions, the transverse size of the system is comparable to the longitudinal (Lorentz contracted) dimension, unlike the case in Nucleus-Nucleus ($A-A$) collision, leading to a hitherto unexplored effect of rapid decrease of temperature of the medium on quark-antiquark bound states. This allows us to probe a unique possibility of hadronization occurring before quarkonia dissociation within the medium. In small systems, a rapid change in temperature also introduces sudden changes in the Hamiltonian. This scenario prompts consideration of non-adiabatic evolution, challenging the traditional adiabatic framework. We demonstrate that non-adiabatic evolution may extend the longevity of quark-anti-quark bound states in $p-p$ collisions, even at higher multiplicities, offering new insights into the dynamics of strongly interacting matter produced in smaller collision systems.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
22. 22*

    Gravitational form factors of light nuclei: Impulse approximation

    Fangcheng He🇺🇸 · Ismail Zahed🇺🇸

    The gravitational form factors of light nuclei are evaluated up to momenta of the order of the nucleon mass, using the impulse approximation. The nucleon gravitational form factors are reduced non-relativistically, and used to derive the gravitational form factors of light nuclei. The deuteron gravitational form factors are analysed using the Reid soft core potential. The helium-4 gravitational form factors are assessed using the K-harmonics method, and compared to those following from a mean-field approximation with a Woods-Saxon potential. The importance of removing the center of mass motion for the ensuing form factors is emphasized. The mass radii of these light nuclei are extracted and compared to their charge radii counterparts. The details of their pressure and shear distributions are discussed.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2024)·11 citations
23. 23*

    Inelastic Scattering of Dark Matter with Heavy Cosmic Rays

    Keyu Lu🇨🇳 · Yue-Lin Sming Tsai🇨🇳 · Qiang Yuan🇨🇳 · Le Zhang🇨🇳

    We investigate the impact of inelastic collisions between dark matter (DM) and heavy cosmic ray (CR) nuclei on CR propagation. We approximate the fragmentation cross-sections for DM-CR collisions using collider-measured proton-nuclei scattering cross-sections, allowing us to assess how these collisions affect the spectra of CR Boron and Carbon. We derive new CR spectra from DM-CR collisions by incorporating their cross-sections into the source terms and solving the diffusion equation for the complete network of reactions involved in generating secondary species. In a specific example with a coupling strength of $b_{\chi }=0.1$ and a DM mass of $m_{\chi }=0.1$ GeV, considering a simplified scenario where DM interacts exclusively with Oxygen, a notable modification in the Boron-to-Carbon spectrum due to the DM-CR interaction is observed. Particularly, the peak within the spectrum, spanning from $0.1$ GeV to $10$ GeV, experiences an enhancement of approximately 1.5 times. However, in a more realistic scenario where DM particles interact with all CRs, this peak can be amplified to twice its original value.Utilizing the latest data from AMS-02 and DAMPE on the Boron-to-Carbon ratio, we estimate a 95\% upper limit for the effective inelastic cross-section of DM-proton as a function of DM mass. Our findings reveal that at $m_{\chi }\simeq 2$ MeV, the effective inelastic cross-section between DM and protons must be less than $\mathcal{O}(10^{-32}){\mathrm{cm}}^2$.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phRes.Astron.Astrophys.(2024)·9 citations
24. 24*

    H$\beta$ spectroscopy of the high-inclination black hole transient Swift J1357.2-0933 during quiescence

    A. Anitra · D. Mata Sanchez · T. Munoz-Darias · T. Di Salvo · R. Iaria · C. Miceli · M. Armas Padilla · J.Casares · J. M. Corral-Santana

    Swift J1357.2-0933 is a transient low-mass X-ray binary hosting a stellar-mass black hole. The source exhibits optical dips and very broad emission lines during both outburst and quiescence, which are thought to be the result of a high orbital inclination. We present phase-resolved spectroscopy obtained with the 10.4m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). The spectra focus on the $\mathrm{H}\beta$ spectral region during X-ray quiescence. The emission line is exceptionally broad (full width at half maximum, FWHM > 4000 Å), in agreement with previous studies focused on $\mathrm{H}\alpha$. A two-Gaussian fit to the prominent double-peaked profile reveals a periodic variability in the centroid position of the line. We also produced a diagnostic diagram aimed at constraining additional orbital parameters. Together, they allow us to independently confirm the orbital period of the system using a new dataset obtained five years after the previous outburst. However, our estimates for both the systemic velocity and the radial velocity semi-amplitude of the black hole reveal larger values than those found in previous studies. We argue that this could be explained by the precession of the disc and the presence of a hotspot. We found evidence of a narrow inner core in the double-peaked H$\beta$ emission profile. We studied its evolution across the orbit, finding that it is likely to result from the occultation of inner material by the outer rim bulge, further supporting the high orbital inclination hypothesis.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phAstron.Astrophys.(2023)·2 citations
25. 25*

    Differentiable Vertex Fitting for Jet Flavour Tagging

    Rachel E. C. Smith🇬🇧 · Inês Ochoa🇵🇹 · Rúben Inácio🇵🇹 · Jonathan Shoemaker🇺🇸 · Michael Kagan🇺🇸

    We propose a differentiable vertex fitting algorithm that can be used for secondary vertex fitting, and that can be seamlessly integrated into neural networks for jet flavour tagging. Vertex fitting is formulated as an optimization problem where gradients of the optimized solution vertex are defined through implicit differentiation and can be passed to upstream or downstream neural network components for network training. More broadly, this is an application of differentiable programming to integrate physics knowledge into neural network models in high energy physics. We demonstrate how differentiable secondary vertex fitting can be integrated into larger transformer-based models for flavour tagging and improve heavy flavour jet classification.

    ↳ hep-excs.LGhep-phphysics.data-anPRD(2024)·5 citations
26. 26*

    X-ray, Near-Ultraviolet, and Optical Flares Produced By Colliding Magnetospheres in The Young High-Eccentricity Binary DQ Tau

    Konstantin V. Getman (1)🇺🇸 · Ágnes Kóspál (2,3,4) · Nicole Arulanantham (5) · Dmitry A. Semenov (3)🇷🇺 · Grigorii V. Smirnov-Pinchukov (3) · Sierk E. van Terwisga (3) ((1) Pennsylvania State University, (2) Konkoly Observatory, (3) Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, (4) ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, (5) Space Telescope Science Institute)

    DQ Tau is a unique young high-eccentricity binary system that exhibits regular magnetic reconnection flares and pulsed accretion near periastron. We conducted NuSTAR, Swift, and Chandra observations during the July 30, 2022 periastron to characterize X-ray, near-ultraviolet (NUV), and optical flaring emissions. Our findings confirm the presence of X-ray super-flares accompanied by substantial NUV and optical flares, consistent with previous discoveries of periastron flares in 2010 and 2021. These observations, supported by new evidence, strongly establish the magnetosphere collision mechanism as the primary driver of magnetic energy release during DQ Tau's periastron flares. The energetics of the observed X-ray super-flares remain consistent across the three periastrons, indicating recurring energy sources during each passage, surpassing the capabilities of single stars. The observed flaring across multiple bands supports the Adams et al. model for magnetosphere interaction in eccentric binaries. Evidence from modeling and past and current observations suggests that both the mm/X-ray periastron flares and tentatively, the magnetic reconnection-related components of the optical/NUV emissions, conform to the classical solar/stellar non-thermal thick-target model, except for the distinctive magnetic energy source. However, our NuSTAR observations suffered from high background levels, hindering the detection of anticipated non-thermal hard X-rays. Furthermore, we report serendipitous discovery of X-ray super-flares occurring away from periastron, potentially associated with interacting magnetospheres. The current study is part of a broader multi-wavelength campaign, which is planned to investigate the influence of DQ Tau's stellar radiation on gas-phase ion chemistry within its circumbinary disk.

    ↳ astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2023)·2 citations
27. 27*

    Higher-derivative relations between scalars and gluons

    Quentin Bonnefoy🇺🇸 · Gauthier Durieux🇨🇭 · Jasper Roosmale Nepveu🇩🇪

    We extend the covariant color-kinematics duality introduced by Cheung and Mangan to effective field theories. We focus in particular on relations between the effective field theories of gluons only and of gluons coupled to bi-adjoint scalars. Maps are established between their respective equations of motion and between their tree-level scattering amplitudes. An additional rule for the replacement of flavor structures by kinematic factors realizes the map between higher-derivative amplitudes. As an example of new relations, the pure-gluon amplitudes of mass dimension up to eight, featuring insertions of the $F^3$ and $F^4$ operators which satisfy the traditional color-kinematics duality, can be generated at all multiplicities from just renormalizable amplitudes of gluons and bi-adjoint scalars. We also obtain closed-form expressions for the kinematic numerators of the dimension-six gluon effective field theory, which are valid in $D$ space-time dimensions. Finally, we find strong evidence that this extended covariant color-kinematics duality relates the $(DF{)}^2+$YM$(+{\varphi }^3)$ theories which, at low energies, generate infinite towers of operators satisfying the traditional color-kinematics duality, beyond aforementioned $F^3$ and $F^4$ ones.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2024)·11 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.