Fri·Sep 29, 2023Friday·September 29, 2023

1. 01*

   Capping the positivity cone: dimension-8 Higgs operators in the SMEFT

   Qing Chen🇨🇳 · Ken Mimasu🇬🇧 · Tong Arthur Wu🇺🇸 · Guo-Dong Zhang🇨🇳 · Shuang-Yong Zhou🇨🇳

   SMEFT Wilson coefficients are subject to various positivity bounds in order to be consistent with the fundamental principles of S-matrix. Previous bounds on dimension-8 SMEFT operators have been obtained using the positivity part of UV partial wave unitarity and form a (projective) convex cone. We derive a set of linear UV unitarity conditions that go beyond positivity and are easy to implement in an optimization scheme with dispersion relations in a multi-field EFT. Using Higgs scattering as an example, we demonstrate how to obtain closed bounds in the space of the three relevant dimension-8 coefficients, making use of the UV unitarity conditions as well as so-called null constraints that arise from full crossing symmetry. Specifically, we show that they are bounded by inequalities schematically going like $C<O\left((4\pi {)}^2\right)$. We compare the newly obtained upper bounds with the traditional perturbative unitarity bounds from within the EFT, and discuss some phenomenological implications of the two-sided positivity bounds in the context of experimental probes of Vector Boson Scattering.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·33 citations
2. 02*

   DUNE potential as a New Physics probe

   Adriano Cherchiglia🇧🇷 · Jose Santiago🇪🇸

   Neutrino experiments, in the next years, aim to determine with precision all the six parameters of the three-neutrino standard paradigm. The complete success of the experimental program is, nevertheless, attached to the non-existence (or at least smallness) of Non-Standard Interactions (NSI). In this work, anticipating the data taken from long-baseline neutrino experiments, we map all the weakly coupled theories that could induce sizable NSI, with the potential to be determined in these experiments, in particular DUNE. Once present constraints from other experiments are taken into account, in particular charged-lepton flavor violation, we find that only models containing leptoquarks (scalar or vector) and/or neutral isosinglet vector bosons are viable. We provide the explicit matching formulas connecting weakly coupled models and NSI, both in propagation and production. Departing from the weakly coupled completion with masses at TeV scale, we also provide a global fit on all NSI for DUNE, finding that NSI smaller than $10^{-2}$ cannot be probed even in the best-case scenario.

   hep-phJHEP(2024)·16 citations
3. 03*

   All orders factorization and the Coulomb problem

   Richard J. Hill🇺🇸 · Ryan Plestid🇺🇸

   In the limit of large nuclear charge, $Z\gg 1$, or small lepton velocity, $\beta \ll 1$, Coulomb corrections to nuclear beta decay and related processes are enhanced as $Z\alpha /\beta$ and become large or even non-perturbative (with $\alpha$ the QED fine structure constant). We provide a constructive demonstration of factorization to all orders in perturbation theory for these processes and compute the all-orders hard and soft functions appearing in the factorization formula. We clarify the relationship between effective field theory amplitudes and historical treatments of beta decay in terms of a Fermi function.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2024)·27 citations
4. 04*

   Complete UV Resonances of the Dimension-8 SMEFT Operators

   Hao-Lin Li🇧🇪 · Yu-Han Ni🇨🇳 · Ming-Lei Xiao🇺🇸 · Jiang-Hao Yu🇨🇳

   The effective field theory approach parameterizes the low energy behaviors of all possible ultraviolet (UV) theories in a systematic way. One of the most important tasks is thus to find the connection between the effective operators and their UV origins. The redundancy relations among operators make the connection very subtle, hence we proposed the j-basis prescription to illuminate the correspondence between operators and their UV resonances in the bottom-up way. In this work, we work out the dimension-8 j-basis operators in the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT), and find all the 146 (82) tree-level UV resonances along with their couplings up to mass dimension 5 (4). Furthermore, we point out a few subtleties on operator generation via field redefinition and on the UV Lagrangian for generic spin resonances. We also provide a data base storing our results and a \texttt{Mathematica} notebook for extracting those results for the reader's conveinence.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·16 citations
5. 05*

   $N^{\ast }(1520)$ transition form factors from dispersion theory

   Di An🇸🇪

   The electromagnetic transition form factors (TFFs) of the nucleon provide important information on the internal structure of hadrons. A model-independent dispersive calculation of the electromagnetic TFFs $N^{\ast }(1520)\to N$ at low energies is presented. Taking pion rescattering into consideration, we derived dispersive relations for the $N^{\ast }(1520)\to N$ TFFs that relate space-like and time-like regions from the first principles. Based on the space-like data from JLab and hadronic data measured by HADES, we make predictions for TFFs in the time-like region. Our predictions can be tested in future experiments (e.g. HADES).

   hep-phEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·2 citations
6. 06*

   Non-thermal WIMPy Baryogenesis with Primordial Black Hole

   Ki-Young Choi🇰🇷 · Jongkuk Kim🇰🇷 · Erdenebulgan Lkhagvadorj🇰🇷

   We consider the possibility that the weakly interacting massive particles produced from the evaporation of primordial black hole can explain both the relic density of dark matter and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, through their annihilation which violate B and CP-symmetry. We find that the primordial black hole with mass less than $10^7\mathrm{g}$ is a good candidate as an source of TeV dark matter with the total annihilation cross section $⟨{\sigma }_a\upsilon ⟩\lesssim 10^{-7}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-2}$ and the B-violating scattering cross section $⟨{\sigma }_B\upsilon ⟩\lesssim 2\times 10^{-9}\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^{-2}$. This large annihilation cross section of dark matter in this model would make it available to search them in the indirect search for dark matter such as gamma-ray or neutrino observations.

   hep-phJCAP(2024)·5 citations
7. 07*

   Extended BMT equations and the anomalous magnetic moment

   Felipe A. Asenjo🇨🇱 · Benjamin Koch🇦🇹

   We propose a generalized form of the Thomas-Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equations. These are first-order in both electric and magnetic fields and retain the conventional conserved quantities and constraints. Within this novel phenomenological framework, we delve into an archetypal measurement scenario. Specifically, we scrutinize the contributions to the standard definition of the anomalous magnetic moment observable, highlighting each new correction term.

   hep-phhep-thEur.Phys.J.Plus(2024)·3 citations
8. 08*

   Hunting for sterile neutrino with future collider signatures

   Hao Yang🇨🇳 · Bingwei Long🇨🇳 · Cong-Feng Qiao🇨🇳

   We study the feasibility to observe sterile neutrino at the high energy colliders with direct production channels through $e^{+}{e}^{-}$, $ep$ collision, and indirect production channels through decays of heavy meson, baryon and Higgs. For $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ collision, the $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\bar{\nu }}_{e}N$ channel is explored with new signal selection method which tends to be efficient for light $m_N$, the constraints of active-sterile mixing $|U_{eN}{|}^2$ at the SuperKEKB, CEPC and ILC are expected to reach better lower limits than current experiments. For $ep$ collision, We investigate the heavy sterile neutrino production through a new channel via proton bremsstrahlung, i.e., $e^{-}\gamma \to N{W}^{-}$, hundreds of GeV heavy sterile neutrino can be probe and new limit on mixing is given. For heavy hadrons decay, the lepton-number-violating decays of ${\Lambda }_c,{\Xi }_c,{\Xi }_{cc}$ and ${\Lambda }_b$ are explored via an intermediate on-shell Majorana neutrino in GeV scale. The branching fractions and the constraints for $|U_{\ell N}{|}^2$ are given, and hence may put new limits on this mass region. The $\mathrm{Higgs}\to W\mu \mu \pi$ channel is also considered to test massive neutrino within Higgs sector.

   hep-phNPB(2024)·9 citations
9. 09*

   Basis transformation properties of anomalous dimensions for hard exclusive processes

   S. Van Thurenhout🇭🇺

   When considering the renormalization of composite operators for the description of hard exclusive scattering processes, two types of operator basis called the derivative basis and the Gegenbauer basis are often used in the literature. In this work we set up the explicit similarity transformations between these two bases, both for quark and gluon operators. This way, one can use the properties of both bases to their advantage in the computation of the operator anomalous dimensions, which describe the scale dependence of non-perturbative non-forward parton distributions. We provide several applications of our framework. As an application of the gluon transformation formula, we compute the one-loop non-forward purely gluonic anomalous dimension matrix. For the rest of the applications we focus on the transformation formula of the quark operator. We derive the Gegenbauer anomalous dimensions, in the limit of a large number of quark flavors $n_f$, to all orders in the strong coupling ${\alpha }_s$, extending the computation previously performed in the derivative basis. Next a numeric calculation of the two-loop anomalous dimensions in the derivative basis beyond the leading-color limit is presented. Finally, we discuss a novel way of validating existing computations of the conformal anomaly based on the leading-color anomalous dimensions in the derivative basis.

   hep-phhep-thNPB(2024)·5 citations
10. 10*

    Studies of the ambient light of deep Baikal waters with Baikal-GVD

    V.M. Aynutdinov🇷🇺 · V.A. Allakhverdyan🇷🇺 · A.D. Avrorin🇷🇺 · A.V. Avrorin🇷🇺 · Z. Bardačová🇸🇰 · I.A. Belolaptikov🇷🇺 · E.A. Bondarev · I.V. Borina🇷🇺 · N.M. Budnev · V.A. Chadymov · A.S. Chepurnov🇷🇺 · 5 V.Y. Dik and 53 other authors

    The Baikal-GVD neutrino detector is a deep-underwater neutrino telescope under construction and recently after the winter 2023 deployment it consists of 3456 optical modules attached on 96 vertical strings. This 3-dimensional array of photo-sensors allows to observe ambient light in the vicinity of the Baikal-GVD telescope that is associated mostly with water luminescence. Results on time and space variations of the luminescent activity are reviewed based on data collected in 2018-2022.

    hep-phphysics.ins-detPoS(2023)·4 citations
11. 11*

    Monitoring of optical properties of deep waters of Lake Baikal in 2021-2022

    V.M. Aynutdinov🇷🇺 · V.A. Allakhverdyan🇷🇺 · A.D. Avrorin🇷🇺 · A.V. Avrorin🇷🇺 · Z. Bardačová🇸🇰 · I.A. Belolaptikov🇷🇺 · E.A. Bondarev · I.V. Borina🇷🇺 · N.M. Budnev · V.A. Chadymov · A.S. Chepurnov🇷🇺 · 5 V.Y. Dik and 53 other authors

    We present the results of the two-year (2021-2022) monitoring of absorption and scattering lengths of light with wavelength 400-620 nm within the effective volume of the deep underwater neutrino telescope Baikal-GVD, which were measured by a device Baikal-5D No.2. The Baikal-5D No.2. was installed during the 2021 winter expedition at a depth of 1180 m. The absorption and scattering lengths were measured every week in 9 spectral points. The device Baikal-5D No.2 also has the ability to measure detailed scattering and absorption spectra. The data obtained make it possible to estimate the range of changes in the absorption and scattering lengths over a sufficiently long period of time and to investigate the relationship between the processes of changes in absorption and scattering. An analysis was made of changes in absorption and scattering spectra for the period 2021-2022.

    hep-phPoS(2023)·5 citations
12. 12*

    QED contributions to the ${\Xi }_c-{\Xi }_c^{\prime }$ mixing

    Zhi-Fu Deng🇨🇳 · Yu-Ji Shi🇨🇳 · Wei Wang🇨🇳 · Jun Zeng🇨🇳

    We explore the QED corrections to the ${\Xi }_c-{\Xi }_c^{\prime }$ mixing within the framework of light-front quark model (LFQM) in the three-quark picture. After explicitly investigating the relation between the ${\Xi }_c-{\Xi }_c^{\prime }$ mixing and the flavor $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ and heavy quark symmetry breaking, we derive the QED contributions to the mixing angle. Numerical results indicate the QED contribution is smaller than the one from the mass difference between the strange and up/down quark provided by a recent Lattice QCD analysis. Adding these contributions together we find that at this stage the ${\Xi }_c-{\Xi }_c^{\prime }$ mixing is small and still incapable to account for the large $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ symmetry breaking in the semi-leptonic ${\Xi }_c$ decays.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
13. 13*

    Analysis of $\Xi (1620)$ resonance with chiral unitary approach

    Takuma Nishibuchi🇯🇵 · Tetsuo Hyodo🇯🇵

    Recently, the $\Xi (1620)$ resonance has attracted much attention, thanks to detailed experimental data by the Belle and ALICE collaborations. This experimental progress has prepared us to conduct theoretical analyses based on experimental data. In this study, we analyze the $\Xi (1620)$ resonance using the chiral unitary model and discuss the properties of the $\Xi (1620)$ resonance and the $K^{-}\Lambda$ scattering length.

    hep-phnucl-thEPJ Web Conf.(2024)·1 citation
14. 14*

    Jet suppression and azimuthal anisotropy at RHIC and LHC

    Yacine Mehtar-Tani🇺🇸 · Daniel Pablos🇮🇹 · Konrad Tywoniuk🇳🇴

    Jets are multi-partonic systems that develop before interactions with the quark-gluon plasma set in and lead to energy loss and modifications of their substructure. Jet modification depends on the degree to which the medium can resolve the internal jet structure that is dictated by the physics of coherence governed by a critical angle ${\theta }_c$. Using resummed quenching weights that incorporate the IOE framework for medium-induced radiation and embedding the system into a realistic heavy-ion environment we compute the dependence of jet suppression on the cone angle $R$ of the jet, both at RHIC and the LHC. At RHIC kinematics we see a very mild cone angle dependence for the range of $R$ studied, similar to what was found at the LHC. We also present results for the jet azimuthal anisotropy $v_2$ as a function of $R$. We observe that as centrality is decreased, $v_2$ for moderate $R$ jets sequentially collapse towards the result for small $R=0.1$. The reason of this sequential grouping is the evolution of ${\theta }_c$ with centrality due to its strong dependence on the in-medium traversed length. For jets with $R>{\theta }_c$, traversing shorter lengths within the medium will make a larger difference than for jets with $R<{\theta }_c$, since the size of the resolved phase-space over which quenching weights are resummed will be reduced. For this reason, $v_2(R)$ is quite sensitive to the typical value of ${\theta }_c$ at a given centrality.

    hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Crewther's relation in different schemes

    R.H. Mason🇬🇧 · J.A. Gracey🇬🇧

    We examine Crewther's relation at high loop order in perturbative QCD and demonstrate how the relation is accommodated in gauge-parameter dependent schemes where the running of the gauge parameter has to be explicitly considered. Motivated by ensuring that the conformal properties of the relation are preserved at all the critical points of QCD, including the Banks-Zaks and its infra-red stable twin, we demonstrate the necessity of an additional term in the relation for describing gauge running in the minimal momentum subtraction scheme (mMOM) and argue for its inclusion for all gauge-parameter dependent schemes.

    hep-phPoS(2024)·1 citation
16. 16*

    Dissipation of axion energy via the Schwinger and Witten effects

    Kwang Sik Jeong🇰🇷 · Shota Nakagawa🇯🇵 · Fuminobu Takahashi🇯🇵 · Masaki Yamada🇯🇵

    In the presence of an anomalous CP phase in a U(1) gauge theory, a monopole becomes a dyon via the Witten effect. When the anomalous CP phase is promoted to a dynamical field, the axion, the electric charge of the dyon changes according to the coherent motion of the axion oscillation. Once the electric charge exceeds a certain threshold, the Schwinger pair production of charged particles becomes efficient near the surface of the dyon. These non-perturbative effects lead to the back reaction of the axion dynamics by causing the dissipation of the axion oscillation energy and the change of the effective potential due to the Witten effect. Taking these effects into account, we consider the dynamics of the whole system, including the axion, monopole, and charged heavy vector bosons, and discuss to what extent the axion abundance is modified. We also discuss the electric dipole radiation from a bound state of a monopole-anti-monopole pair due to the axion coherent oscillations.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·3 citations
17. 17*

    Low and moderate $x$ gluon contribution to exclusive Compton scattering processes

    Renaud Boussarie🇫🇷 · Yacine Mehtar-Tani🇺🇸

    We revisit the high energy semi-classical description of the exclusive processes DVCS, TCS, and Double DVCS by explicitly keeping track of the Feynman $x$ dependence in both the hard and the hadronic matrix elements. This is achieved by a modification of the standard shock wave approximation to derive the effective Feynman rules, which leads to a generic expression on which we then perform a partial twist expansion to get rid of quantities suppressed by the proper physical scales. We obtain a compact factorized master formula that can be used to investigate the Bjorken limit at leading twist. In particular, we recover the full one-loop result in the collinear limit for pure gluon exchange with the target. Finally, we discuss the subtleties in taking the simultaneous collinear and small $x$ limit.

    hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2024)·18 citations
18. 18*

    Constraining Ultralight Dark Matter through an Accelerated Resonant Search

    Zitong Xu🇨🇳 · Xiaolin Ma🇨🇳 · Kai Wei🇨🇳 · Yuxuan He🇨🇳 · Xing Heng🇨🇳 · Xiaofei Huang🇨🇳 · Tengyu Ai🇨🇳 · Jian Liao🇨🇳 · Wei Ji🇩🇪 · Jia Liu🇨🇳 · Xiao-Ping Wang🇨🇳 · Dmitry Budker🇩🇪

    Experiments aimed at detecting ultralight dark matter typically rely on resonant effects, which are sensitive to the dark matter mass that matches the resonance frequency. In this study, we investigate the nucleon couplings of ultralight axion dark matter using a magnetometer operating in a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) mode. Our approach involves the use of a ${}^{21}$Ne spin-based sensor, which features the lowest nuclear magnetic moment among noble-gas spins. This configuration allows us to achieve an ultrahigh sensitivity of 0.73 fT/Hz${}^{1/2}$ at around 5 Hz, corresponding to energy resolution of approximately 1.5$\times 10^{-23}eV/H{\mathrm{z}}^{1/2}$. Our analysis reveals that under certain conditions it is beneficial to scan the frequency with steps significantly larger than the resonance width. The analytical results are in agreement with experimental data and the scan strategy is potentially applicable to other resonant searches. Further, our study establishes stringent constraints on axion-like particles (ALP) in the 4.5--15.5 Hz Compton-frequency range coupling to neutrons and protons, improving on prior work by several-fold. Within a band around 4.6--6.6 Hz and around 7.5 Hz, our laboratory findings surpass astrophysical limits derived from neutron-star cooling. Hence, we demonstrate an accelerated resonance search for ultralight dark matter, achieving an approximately 30-fold increase in scanning step while maintaining competitive sensitivity.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exphysics.atom-ph+1Commun.Phys.(2024)·45 citations
19. 19*

    Positivity restrictions on the mixing of dimension-eight SMEFT operators

    Mikael Chala🇪🇸 · Xu Li🇨🇳

    We discuss the structure of the mixing among dimension-eight operators in the SMEFT relying on the positivity of two-to-two forward scattering amplitudes. We uncover tens of new non-trivial zeros as well as hundreds of terms with definite sign in (a particular basis of) the corresponding anomalous dimension matrix. We highlight that our results are not immediately apparent from the Feynman diagrammatic perspective, nor from on-shell amplitude methods. As a byproduct of this work, we provide positivity bounds not previously derived in the literature, as well as explicit values of certain elements of the anomalous dimension matrix that serve for cross-check of our results.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·44 citations
20. 20*

    Anatomy of real intermediate state-subtraction scheme

    Kalle Ala-Mattinen🇫🇮 · Matti Heikinheimo🇫🇮 · Kimmo Kainulainen🇫🇮 · Kimmo Tuominen🇫🇮

    We study the origin of the real intermediate state subtraction problem and compare its different solutions. We show that the ambiguity in subtraction schemes arises from the on-shell approximation for the 2-point functions that reduces the Schwinger-Dyson equations to the Boltzmann limit. We also suggest a new subtraction scheme which, unlike the earlier definitions, never leads to negative scattering rates. This scheme also quantifies the validity of the on-shell limit in terms of an effective one-particle weight function $R(\Delta )$, where $\Delta$ measures the region around the resonance associated with the real state.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2023)·10 citations
21. 21*

    Higgs-Portal Dark Matter in Brane-World Cosmology

    Taoli Liu🇺🇸 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸 · Digesh Raut🇺🇸

    The Higgs-portal scalar dark matter (DM) model is a simple extension of the Standard Model (SM) to incorporate a DM particle to the SM, where a $Z_2$-odd real scalar field is introduced as a DM candidate. We consider this DM model in the context of 5-dimensional brane-world cosmology, where our 3-dimensional space is realized as a hyper-surface embedded in 4-dimensional space. In the setup, all the SM and DM fields reside on the hyper-surface while graviton lives in the bulk. We consider two well-known brane-world cosmologies, namely, the Randall-Sundrum (RS) and the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) brane-world cosmologies, in which the standard Big Bang cosmology is reproduced at low temperatures below the so-called ``transition temperature" while at high temperatures the expansion law of the universe is significantly modified. Such a non-standard expansion law directly impacts the prediction for the relic density of the Higgs-portal DM. We investigate the brane-world cosmological effects and identify the allowed model parameter region by combining the constraints from the observed DM relic density, and the direct and indirect DM detection experiments. It is well-known that only DM masses in the vicinity of half the Higgs boson mass are allowed in the Higgs-portal scalar DM model. We find that the allowed parameter region becomes more severely constrained and even disappears in the RS cosmology, while the GB cosmological effect significantly enlarges the allowed region. Upon discovering Higgs-portal DM, we can determine transition temperature in the GB brane-world cosmology.

    hep-phastro-ph.COEPJC(2025)·2 citations
22. 22*

    Three-body decays of ${\pi }_2(1670)$ and ${\rho }_3(1690)$ via the Sill distribution

    Shahriyar Jafarzade🇵🇱 · Enrico Trotti🇵🇱

    We present the three-body decays for the resonances ${\pi }_2(1670)$ and ${\rho }_3(1690)$. We use an effective model based on the flavor symmetry and have assumed the Sill distribution for describing the lie-shape of intermediate unstable resonances. The vector-pseudoscalar meson decay channel is considered as an intermediate step to explain the decay of three-pseudoscalar meson channels.

    hep-ph1 citation
23. 23*

    Gravitational Waves from Composite Dark Sectors

    Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪 · Manuel Reichert🇬🇧 · Francesco Sannino🇮🇹 · Zhi-Wei Wang🇨🇳

    We study under which conditions a first-order phase transition in a composite dark sector can yield an observable stochastic gravitational-wave signal. To this end, we employ the Linear-Sigma model featuring $N_f=3,4,5$ flavours and perform a Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis computation also accounting for the effects of the Polyakov loop. The model allows us to investigate the chiral phase transition in regimes that can mimic QCD-like theories incorporating in addition composite dynamics associated with the effects of confinement-deconfinement phase transition. A further benefit of this approach is that it allows to study the limit in which the effective interactions are weak. We show that strong first-order phase transitions occur for weak effective couplings of the composite sector leading to gravitational-wave signals potentially detectable at future experimental facilities.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-lathep-thJHEP(2024)·58 citations
24. 24*

    SMEFT chromomagnetic dipole operator contributions to $t\bar{t}$ production at approximate NNLO in QCD

    Nikolaos Kidonakis🇺🇸 · Alberto Tonero🇺🇸

    We study higher-order QCD corrections for the production of a top-antitop quark pair ($t\bar{t}$ production) at the Large Hadron Collider in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. We consider effects of new physics parametrized by the top-quark chromomagnetic dipole operator. We calculate new physics contributions to the total cross section at approximate NNLO, with second-order soft-gluon corrections added to the complete NLO result, including uncertainties from scale dependence and from parton distributions. We also calculate new physics contributions at approximate NNLO for differential distributions in top-quark transverse momentum.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·10 citations
25. 25*

    Higgs interference effects in top-quark pair production in the 1HSM

    Andrea Banfi🇬🇧 · Nikolas Kauer🇬🇧 · Alexander Lind🇫🇷 · Jonas M. Lindert🇬🇧 · Ryan Wood🇬🇧

    We present a next-to-leading-order (NLO) study of the process $pp(\to \{h_1,h_2\})\to t\bar{t}+X$ in the 1-Higgs-singlet extension of the Standard Model with an additional heavy Higgs boson $h_2$ that mixes with the light Higgs boson $h_1$. This process is subject to large interference effects between loop-induced Higgs-mediated amplitudes and the QCD continuum background which tend to overcompensate any resonance contributions. A reliable modelling of the resulting top-pair invariant mass shapes requires the inclusion of higher-order QCD corrections, which are presented here. The computation of these NLO corrections is exact in all contributions but in the class of non-factorisable two-loop diagrams which are included in an approximate way such that all infrared singular limits are preserved. We present numerical results for several benchmark points with heavy Higgs masses in the range $700$--$3000$ GeV considering the production of stable top quarks. We find that the interference effects dominate the BSM signal yielding sharp dip structures instead of resonance peaks. The significance and excludability of the BSM effect is explored for the LHC Run 2, Run 3 and HL-LHC.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·7 citations
26. 26*

    Elastic Scattering of Cosmological Gravitational Wave Backgrounds: Primordial Black Holes and Stellar Objects

    Marcell Howard🇺🇸 · Morgane König🇺🇸

    Primordial black holes (PBHs) are plausible dark matter candidates that formed from the gravitational collapse of primordial density fluctuations. Current observational constraints allow asteroid-mass PBHs to account for all of the cosmological dark matter. We show that elastic scattering of a cosmological gravitational wave background, these black holes generate spectral distortions on the background of 0.3% for cosmologically relevant frequencies without considering coherent scattering and 5% when the coherent enhancement is included. Scattering from stellar objects induce much smaller distortions. Detectability of this signal depends on our ultimate understanding of the unperturbed background spectrum.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·1 citation
27. 27*

    Review on $f(Q)$ Gravity

    Lavinia Heisenberg🇩🇪

    Recent years have witnessed a rise in interest in the geometrical trinity of General Relativity and its extensions. This interest has been fuelled by novel insights into the nature of gravity, the possibility to address computational and conceptual questions -- such as the determination of black hole entropy or the definition of gravitational energy-momentum -- from a new perspective. In particular, $f(Q)$ gravity has also inspired numerous works on black holes, wormholes, and cosmology. In the latter case, $f(Q)$ models have the potential to elucidate phenomena in both early and late-time cosmology without necessitating the inclusion of dark energy, the inflaton field, or dark matter. Particularly noteworthy is the role of $f(Q)$ theories in addressing cosmological tensions, presenting exciting possibilities for reshaping our understanding of gravity and its manifestations in cosmology. The emergence of intriguing new black hole solutions and the potential existence of wormhole solutions suggest the presence of novel physics within the realm of strong gravity. These phenomena have become increasingly measurable only in recent times, opening up exciting avenues for further exploration and discovery. This review is tailored to students and researchers alike. It offers a self-contained and pedagogical introduction to metric-affine geometry--The mathematical foundation and indispensable tool upon which the geometrical trinity of General Relativity as well as its various extensions are built.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-ph+1Phys.Rept.(2024)·425 citations
28. 28*

    Astrophysical appearances of primordial black holes

    Konstantin Postnov🇷🇺 · Aleksandre Kuranov🇷🇺 · Nikita Mitichkin (Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Moscow Universioty)🇷🇺

    Interest to astrophysical evidence for primordial black holes (PBHs) formed in the early Universe from initial cosmological perturbations has increased after the discovery of coalescing binary black holes with masses more than dozen solar ones by gravitational-wave (GW) observatories. We briefly discuss increasing evidence that PBHs can provide some fraction of detected merging binary BHs and can be related to an isotropic stochastic GW background recently discovered by pulsar timing arrays. We focus on PBHs with log-normal mass spectrum originated from isocurvature perturbations in the modified Affleck-Dine baryogenesis scenario by Dolgov and Silk (1993). We show that almost equal populations of astrophysical binary BHs from massive binary evolution and binary PBHs with log-normal mass spectrum can describe both the observed chirp mass distribution and effective spin -- mass ratio anti-correlation of the LVK binary BHs.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phAstron.Rep.(2023)·1 citation
29. 29*

    Quantum Resonance viewed as Weak Measurement

    Daiki Ueda🇨🇳 · Izumi Tsutsui🇯🇵

    Quantum resonance, i.e., amplification in transition probability available under certain conditions, offers a powerful means for determining fundamental quantities in physics, including the time duration of the second adopted in the SI units and neutron's electric dipole moment which is directly linked to CP violation. We revisit two of the typical examples, the Rabi resonance and the Ramsey resonance, and show that both of these represent the weak value amplification when involving significant enhancement of transition probabilities and that near the resonance points they share exactly the same behavior of transition probabilities except for the measurement strength whose difference leads to the known advantage of the Ramsey resonance in the sensitivity. Conversely, as a by-product of the relationship, we may measure the weak value through quantum resonance. In fact, we argue that previous measurements of neutron electric dipole moment based on the Ramsey resonance have potentially determined the weak value of neutron's spin with much higher precision than the conventional weak value measurement.

    ↳ quant-phhep-exhep-phhep-th+1Phys.Scripta(2025)·2 citations
30. 30*

    Production properties of deuterons, helions and tritons via an analytical nucleon coalescence method in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV

    Rui-Qin Wang🇨🇳 · Yan-Hao Li🇨🇳 · Jun Song🇨🇳 · Feng-Lan Shao🇨🇳

    We improve a nucleon coalescence model to include the coordinate-momentum correlation in nucleon joint distributions, and apply it to Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV to study production properties of deuterons ($d$), helions (${}^3$He) and tritons ($t$). We give formulas of the coalescence factors $B_2$ and $B_3$, and naturally explain their behaviors as functions of the collision centrality and the transverse momentum per nucleon $p_T/A$. We reproduce the transverse momentum spectra, averaged transverse momenta and yield rapidity densities of $d$, ${}^3$He and $t$, and find the system effective radius obtained in the coalescence production of light nuclei behaves similarly to Hanbury Brown-Twiss interferometry radius. We particularly give expressions of yield ratios $d/p$, ${}^3$He$/d$, $t/p$, ${}^3$He$/p$, $d/p^2$, ${}^3$He$/p^3$, $t{/}^3$He and argue their nontrivial behaviors can be used to distinguish production mechanisms of light nuclei.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phPRC(2024)·10 citations
31. 31*

    Large neutrino telescope Baikal-GVD: recent status

    V.M. Aynutdinov🇷🇺 · V.A. Allakhverdyan🇷🇺 · A.D. Avrorin🇷🇺 · A.V. Avrorin🇷🇺 · Z. Bardačová🇸🇰 · I.A. Belolaptikov🇷🇺 · E.A. Bondarev · I.V. Borina🇷🇺 · N.M. Budnev · V.A. Chadymov · A.S. Chepurnov🇷🇺 · 5 V.Y. Dik and 53 other authors

    The Baikal-GVD is a deep-underwater neutrino telescope being constructed in Lake Baikal. After the winter 2023 deployment campaign the detector consists of 3456 optical modules installed on 96 vertical strings. The status of the detector and progress in data analysis are discussed in present report. The Baikal-GVD data collected in 2018-2022 indicate the presence of cosmic neutrino flux in high-energy cascade events consistent with observations by the IceCube neutrino telescope. Analysis of track-like events results in identification of first high-energy muon neutrino candidates. These and other results from 2018-2022 data samples are reviewed in this report.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPoS(2023)·21 citations
32. 32*

    Cosmological model based on both holographic-like connection and Padmanabhan's holographic equipartition law

    Nobuyoshi Komatsu🇯🇵

    A cosmological model based on holographic scenarios is formulated in a flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe. To formulate this model, the cosmological horizon is assumed to have a general entropy and a general temperature (including Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and Gibbons-Hawking temperature, respectively). In addition, a holographic-like connection [Eur. Phys. J. C 83, 690 (2023) (arXiv:2212.05822)] and Padmanabhan's holographic equipartition law are assumed for the entropy and temperature, and the Friedmann and acceleration equations are derived from these. The derived Friedmann and acceleration equations include both the entropy and the temperature and are slightly complicated, but can be combined into a single simple equation, corresponding to a similar equation that describes the background evolution of the universe in time-varying $\Lambda (t)$ cosmologies. The simple equation depends on the entropy but not on the temperature because the temperatures in the Friedmann and acceleration equations cancel each other. These results imply that the holographic-like connection should be consistent with Padmanabhan's holographic equipartition law through the present model and that the entropy plays a more important role. When the Gibbons-Hawking temperature is used as the temperature, the Friedmann and acceleration equations are found to be equivalent to those for a $\Lambda (t)$ model. A particular case of the present model is also examined, applying a power-law corrected entropy.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·7 citations
33. 33*

    Boundary terms in the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model at finite density

    Lorenzo Bartolini🇨🇳 · Sven Bjarke Gudnason🇨🇳

    We consider the Witten-Sakai-Sugimoto model in the approximation of smeared instantons at finite density via a homogeneous Ansatz, which is known to be discontinuous in order to be able to contain a nonvanishing baryon density. The discontinuity at the infrared tip of the bulk spacetime gives rise to subtleties of discarding boundary terms that are normally discarded in the literature. We propose a reason for discarding this boundary term, by scrutinizing the currents and topological properties of the model. Along the way, we find a very effective and simple condition to compute the point of thermodynamic equilibrium.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
34. 34*

    Radiative Corrections and the Renormalization Group for the Two-Nucleon Interaction in Effective Field Theory

    Thomas R. Richardson🇩🇪 · Immo C. Reis🇩🇪

    We use a combination of effective field theory and the renormalization group to determine the impact of radiative corrections on the nucleon-nucleon potential and the binding energy of the deuteron. In order to do so, we present a modified version of pionless effective field theory inspired by earlier work in nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics. The renormalization group improvement of the deuteron binding energy leads to a shift on the order of a few percent and is consistent with the experimental value. This work serves as a starting point for a dedicated study of radiative corrections in few-body systems relevant for precision tests of the Standard Model in an effective field theory framework.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phFew Body Syst.(2024)·4 citations
35. 35*

    Modular symmetry in magnetized $T^{2g}$ torus and orbifold models

    Shota Kikuchi🇯🇵 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Kaito Nasu🇯🇵 · Shohei Takada🇯🇵 · Hikaru Uchida🇯🇵

    We study the modular symmetry in magnetized $T^{2g}$ torus and orbifold models. The $T^{2g}$ torus has the modular symmetry ${\Gamma }_g=Sp(2g,\mathbb{Z})$. Magnetic flux background breaks the modular symmetry to a certain normalizer $N_g(H)$. We classify remaining modular symmetries by magnetic flux matrix types. Furthermore, we study the modular symmetry for wave functions on the magnetized $T^{2g}$ and certain orbifolds. It is found that wave functions on magnetized $T^{2g}$ as well as its orbifolds behave as the Siegel modular forms of weight $1/2$ and ${\tilde{N}}_g(H,h)$, which is the metapletic congruence subgroup of the double covering group of $N_g(H)$, ${\tilde{N}}_g(H)$. Then, wave functions transform non-trivially under the quotient group, ${\tilde{N}}_{g,h}={\tilde{N}}_g(H)/{\tilde{N}}_g(H,h)$, where the level $h$ is related to the determinant of the magnetic flux matrix. Accordingly, the corresponding four-dimensional (4D) chiral fields also transform non-trivially under ${\tilde{N}}_{g,h}$ modular flavor transformation with modular weight $-1/2$. We also study concrete modular flavor symmetries of wave functions on magnetized $T^{2g}$ orbifolds.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·18 citations
36. 36*

    Effects of heterogeneous data sets and time-lag measurement techniques on cosmological parameter constraints from MgII and CIV reverberation-mapped quasar data

    Shulei Cao🇺🇸 · Michal Zajaček🇨🇿 · Bożena Czerny🇵🇱 · Swayamtrupta Panda🇵🇱 · Bharat Ratra🇺🇸

    Previously, we demonstrated that MgII and CIV reverberation-mapped quasars (RM QSOs) are standardizable and that the cosmological parameters inferred using the broad-line region radius-luminosity (R-L) relation are consistent with those determined from better-established cosmological probes. With more data expected from ongoing and future spectroscopic and photometric surveys, it is imperative to examine how new QSO data sets of varied quality, with their own specific luminosity and time-delay distributions, can be best used to determine more restrictive cosmological parameter constraints. In this study, we test the effect of adding 25 OzDES MgII RM QSOs as well as 25 lower-quality SDSS RM CIV QSOs, which increases the previous sample of RM QSOs by $\sim 36\%$. Although cosmological parameter constraints become tighter for some cosmological models after adding these new QSOs, the new combined data sets have increased differences between R-L parameter values obtained in different cosmological models and thus a lower standardizability for the larger MgII + CIV compilation. Different time-delay methodologies, particularly the ICCF and CREAM methods used for inferring time delays of SDSS RM QSOs, slightly affect cosmological and R-L relation parameter values, however, the effect is negligible for (smaller) compilations of robust time-delay detections. Our analysis indicates that increasing the sample size is not sufficient for tightening cosmological constraints and a quality cut is necessary to obtain a standardizable RM QSO sample.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAastro-ph.HEgr-qc+1MNRAS(2024)·13 citations
37. 37*

    Probing Parity Violation in the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background with Astrometry

    Qiuyue Liang🇯🇵 · Meng-Xiang Lin🇺🇸 · Mark Trodden🇺🇸 · Sam S. C. Wong🇺🇸

    Astrometry holds the potential for testing fundamental physics through the effects of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) in the $\sim 1-100$ nHz frequency band on precision measurements of stellar positions. Such measurements are complementary to tests made possible by the detection of the SGWB using Pulsar Timing Arrays. Here, the feasibility of using astrometry for the identification of parity-violating signals within the SGWB is investigated. This is achieved by defining and quantifying a non-vanishing $EB$ correlation function within astrometric correlation functions, and investigating how one might estimate the detectability of such signals.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·18 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.