HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Thu·Sep 14, 2023Thursday·September 14, 2023

26 papers—18 primary·8 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
Discovering Long-lived Particles at DUNE
Pilar Coloma🇪🇸 · Justo Martín-Albo🇪🇸 · Salvador Urrea🇪🇸
Long-lived particles (LLPs) arise in many theories beyond the Standard Model. These may be copiously produced from meson decays (or through their mixing with the LLP) at neutrino facilities and leave a visible decay signal in nearby neutrino detectors. We compute the expected sensitivity of the DUNE liquid argon (LAr) and gaseous argon (GAr) near detectors (ND) to light LLP decays. In doing so, we determine the expected backgrounds for both detectors, which have been largely overlooked in the literature, taking into account their angular and energy resolution. We show that searches for LLP decays into muon pairs, or into three pions, would be extremely clean. Conversely, decays into two photons would be affected by large backgrounds from neutrino interactions for both near detectors; finally, the reduced signal efficiency for $e^{+} e^{-}$ pairs leads to a reduced sensitivity for ND-LAr. Our results are first presented in a model-independent way, as a function of the mass of the new state and its lifetime. We also provide detailed calculations for several phenomenological models with axion-like particles (coupled to gluons, to electroweak bosons, or to quark currents). Some of our results may also be of interest for other neutrino facilities using a similar detector technology (e.g. MicroBooNE, SBND, ICARUS, or the T2K Near Detector).
hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·22 citations
02*
Primordial black hole versus inflaton
Md Riajul Haque🇮🇳 · Essodjolo Kpatcha🇪🇸 · Debaprasad Maity🇮🇳 · Yann Mambrini🇫🇷
We compare the dark matter(DM) production processes and its parameters space in the background of reheating obtained from two chief systems in the early Universe: the inflaton $ϕ$ and the primordial black holes (PBHs). We concentrated on the mechanism where DMs are universally produced only from the PBH decay and the generation of the standard model plasma from both inflton and PBHs. Whereas the distribution of Primordial Black Holes behaves like dust, the inflaton phenomenology depends strongly on its equation of state after the inflationary phase, which in turn is conditioned by the nature of the potential $V (ϕ)$ . Depending upon the initial mass and population of PBHs, a large range of DM mass is shown to be viable if reheating is controlled by PBHs itself. Inflaton-dominated reheating is observed to further widen such possibilities depending on the initial population of black holes and its mass as well as the coupling of the inflaton to the standard model sector.
hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thPRD(2024)·29 citations
03*
Power corrections to the photon polarization tensor in a hot and dense medium of massive fermions
Osvaldo Ferreira🇧🇷 · Eduardo S. Fraga🇧🇷
We compute the $O (k^{2})$ terms (power corrections) of the photon polarization tensor in a hot and dense medium of particles with a small but finite mass, i.e., $0 < m ≪ T, μ$ . We perform our calculations within the hard thermal loop approximation in the real-time formalism, and evaluate the first nonzero mass corrections. For a renormalization scale $Λ ˉ \sim T$ , these mass contributions determine the temperature dependence of the power corrections. These results have direct implications in the computation of electric and magnetic susceptibilities of hot and dense media in equilibrium. We address such implications and make comparisons with previous results.
hep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
04*
Extended SAID Partial-Wave Analysis of Pion Photoproduction
William J. Briscoe🇺🇸 · Axel Schmidt🇺🇸 · Igor Strakovsky🇺🇸 · Ron L. Workman (GWU)🇺🇸 · Alfred Svarc (Rudjer Boskovic Institute)🇭🇷
A unified Chew-Mandelstam description of single-pion photoproduction data, together with pion- and eta-hadroproduction data, has been extended to include measurements carried out over the last decade. We consider photo-decay amplitudes evaluated at the pole with particular emphasis on ng couplings and the influence of weighting on our fits. Both energy-dependent and single-energy analysis (energy-binned data) are considered.
hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRC(2023)·19 citations
05*
Spin-flavor precession of Dirac neutrinos in dense matter and its potential in core-collapse supernovae
Hirokazu Sasaki🇺🇸 · Tomoya Takiwaki🇯🇵 · A. Baha Balantekin🇺🇸
We calculate the spin-flavor precession (SFP) of Dirac neutrinos induced by strong magnetic fields and finite neutrino magnetic moments in dense matter. As found in the case of Majorana neutrinos, the SFP of Dirac neutrinos is enhanced by the large magnetic field potential and suppressed by large matter potentials composed of the baryon density and the electron fraction. The SFP is possible irrespective of the large baryon density when the electron fraction is close to 1/3. The diagonal neutrino magnetic moments that are prohibited for Majorana neutrinos enable the spin precession of Dirac neutrinos without any flavor mixing. With supernova hydrodynamics simulation data, we discuss the possibility of the SFP of both Dirac and Majorana neutrinos in core-collapse supernovae. The SFP of Dirac neutrinos occurs at a radius where the electron fraction is 1/3. The required magnetic field of the proto-neutron star for the SFP is a few $1 0^{14}$ G at any explosion time. For the Majorana neutrinos, the required magnetic field fluctuates from $1 0^{13}$ G to $1 0^{15}$ G. Such a fluctuation of the magnetic field is more sensitive to the numerical scheme of the neutrino transport in the supernova simulation.
hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exPRD(2023)·10 citations
06*
QCD phase transitions in the light quark chiral limit
Julian Bernhardt🇩🇪 · Christian S. Fischer🇩🇪
We investigate the order of the QCD chiral transition in the limit of vanishing bare up/down quark masses and variations of the bare strange-quark mass $0 \leq m_{s} \leq \infty$ . In this limit and due to universality long range correlations with the quantum numbers of pseudoscalar and scalar mesons may dominate the physics. In order to study the interplay between the microscopic quark and gluon degrees of freedom and the long range correlations we extend a combination of lattice Yang--Mills theory and a (truncated) version of Dyson--Schwinger equations by also taking back-reactions of mesonic degrees of freedom into account. Both this system and the meson backcoupling approach have been studied extensively in the past but this is the first work in a full $(2 + 1)$ -flavor setup. Starting from the physical point, we determine the chiral susceptibilities for decreasing up/down quark masses and find good agreement with both lattice and functional renormalization group results. We then proceed to determine the order of the chiral transition along the left-hand side of the Columbia plot, for chemical potentials in the range $- (30 MeV)^{2} \leq μ_{q}^{2} \leq (30 MeV)^{2}$ . We find a second-order phase transition throughout and no trace of a first-order region in the $N_{f} = 3$ corner of the Columbia plot. This result remains unchanged when an additional Goldstone boson due to a restored axial $U_{A} (1)$ is taken into account.
hep-phhep-latPRD(2023)·40 citations
07*
Novel relations for twist-3 tensor-polarized fragmentation functions in spin-1 hadrons
Qin-Tao Song🇨🇳
There are three types of fragmentation functions (FFs) which are used to describe the twist-3 cross sections of the hard semi-inclusive processes under QCD collinear factorization, and they are called intrinsic, kinematical, and dynamical FFs. In this work, we investigate the theoretical relations among these FFs for a tensor-polarized spin-1 hadron. Three Lorentz-invariance relations are derived by using the identities between the nonlocal quark-quark and quark-gluon-quark operators, which guarantee the frame independence of the twist-3 spin observables. The QCD equation of motion relations are also presented for the tensor-polarized FFs. In addition, we show that the intrinsic and kinematical twist-3 FFs can be decomposed into the contributions of twist-2 FFs and twist-3 three-parton FFs, and the latter are also called dynamical FFs. If one neglects the dynamical FFs, we can obtain relations which are analogous to the Wandzura-Wilczek relation. Then, the intrinsic and kinematical twist-3 FFs are expressed in terms of the leading-twist ones. Since the FFs of a spin-1 hadron can be measured at various experimental facilities in the near future, these theoretical relations will play an important role in the analysis of the collinear tensor-polarized FFs.
hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·7 citations
08*
Investigating Boson Sector in an Extended Standard Model with $U (1)_{D}$ Symmetry
Apriadi Salim Adam🇮🇩 · Yunita Kristanti Andriani🇮🇩 · Eny Latifah🇮🇩
We have investigated the boson sector in an extended standard model (SM) with additional $U (1)_{D}$ symmetry. In the proposed model, the singlet scalar and doublet scalar Higgs are added in addition to the SM-like scalar Higgs. These scalars are also coupled to the gauge boson fields. In this work, we calculate the masses of both gauge and scalar Higgs bosons. Their masses are obtained through spontaneous symmetry breaking using the Higgs fields with non-zero vacuum expectation values. We also study numerically the positivity conditions of the vacuum expectation value of the scalars. In particular, we perform scanning of the parameter space of the potential and study the obtained scalar mass dependence on the parameter of the model.
hep-phPhys.Scripta(2023)·1 citation
09*
Listening for echo from the stimulated axion decay with the 21 CentiMeter Array
Ariel Arza🇨🇳 · Quan Guo🇨🇳 · Lei Wu🇨🇳 · Qiaoli Yang🇨🇳 · Xiaolong Yang🇨🇳 · Qiang Yuan🇨🇳 · Bin Zhu🇨🇳
The axion is a hypothetical elementary particle that could solve the long-standing strong CP problem in particle physics and the dark matter mystery in the cosmos. Due to the stimulation of the ambient photons, the axion dark matter decay into photons is significantly enhanced so that its echo signal could be detected by terrestrial telescopes. As a pathfinder, we study the expected sensitivity of searching for the axion dark matter in the mass range between $0.41$ and $1.6 μ eV$ with the 21 CentiMeter Array (21CMA). We aim to cover the whole 21CMA frequency range in two years by using a 1MW emitter. We find that the resulting sensitivity on the axion-photon coupling could surpass other existing limits by about one order of magnitude.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exSci.Bull.(2024)·15 citations
10*
Fast Exact Algorithm for Neutrino Oscillation in Constant Matter Density
James Page🇬🇧
A recently published method for solving the neutrino evolution equation with constant matter density is further refined and used to lay out an exact algorithm for computing oscillation probabilities, which is moderately faster than previous methods when looping through neutrinos of different energies. In particular, the three examples of $ν (-)_{e}$ survival, $ν (-)_{μ}$ survival and $ν (-)_{e}$ appearance probabilities are written in terms of mixing angles, mass differences and matter electron density. A program based on this new method is found to be roughly twice as fast as, and in agreement with, the leading GLoBES package. Furthermore, the behaviour of all relevant effective parameters is sketched out in terms of a range of neutrino energies, or matter electron densities. For instance, the $ν (-)_{e}$ survival probability in constant matter density is found to have no dependence on the mixing angle $θ_{23}$ or the CP-violating phase $δ_{13}$ .
hep-phphysics.comp-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2024)·6 citations
11*
Anomaly-free dark matter models with one-loop neutrino masses and a gauged U(1) symmetry
T. de Boer🇩🇪 · M. Klasen🇩🇪 · S. Zeinstra🇩🇪
We systematically study and classify scotogenic models with a local U(1) gauge symmetry. These models give rise to radiative neutrino masses and a stable dark matter candidate, but avoid the theoretical problems of global and discrete symmetries. We restrict the dark sector particle content to up to four scalar or fermionic SU(2) singlets, doublets or triplets and use theoretical arguments based on anomaly freedom, Lorentz and gauge symmetry to find all possible charge assignments of these particles. The U(1) symmetry can be broken by a new Higgs boson to a residual discrete symmetry, that still stabilizes the dark matter candidate. We list the particle content and charge assignments of all non-equivalent models. Specific examples in our class of models that have been studied previously in the literature are the U(1) $_{D}$ scotogenic and singlet-triplet scalar models breaking to $Z_{2}$ . We also briefly discuss the new phenomenological aspects of our model arising from the presence of a new massless dark photon or massive $Z^{'}$ boson as well as the additional Higgs boson.
hep-phJHEP(2024)·5 citations
12*
New Inflation in Waterfall Region
Niamat Ullah Khan🇵🇰 · Nadir Ijaz🇵🇰 · Mansoor Ur Rehman🇵🇰
We introduce a class of new inflation models within the waterfall region of a generalized hybrid inflation framework. The initial conditions are generated in the valley of hybrid preinflation. Both single-field and multi-field inflationary scenarios have been identified within this context. A supersymmetric realization of this scenario can successfully be achieved within the tribrid inflation framework. To assess the model's viability, we calculate the predictions of inflationary observables using the $δ N$ formalism, demonstrating excellent agreement with the most recent Planck data. Furthermore, this model facilitates successful reheating and nonthermal leptogenesis, with the matter-field component of the inflaton identified as a sneutrino.
hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2023)·7 citations
13*
Dynamics of Superconformal Axion: Quality and Scalegenesis
Shota Nakagawa🇯🇵 · Yuichiro Nakai🇨🇳 · Masaki Yamada🇯🇵 · Yufei Zhang🇨🇳
We explore a dynamical mechanism to realize the emergence of a global $U (1)_{PQ}$ symmetry and its spontaneous breaking at an intermediate scale for an axion solution to the strong CP problem. Such a dynamics is provided by a new supersymmetric QCD near the middle of conformal window that couples to fields spontaneously breaking the $U (1)_{PQ}$ symmetry. A large anomalous dimension of the $U (1)_{PQ}$ breaking fields leads to the suppression of explicit $U (1)_{PQ}$ -violating higher dimensional operators. The $U (1)_{PQ}$ breaking vacuum is generated at a scale hierarchically smaller than the Planck scale by a non-perturbative effect. The $U (1)_{PQ}$ breaking drives the conformal breaking, and all the new quarks become massive. The axion potential is generated by the ordinary color $S U (3)_{C}$ effect as the $U (1)_{PQ}$ symmetry is only anomalous under the $S U (3)_{C}$ . The saxion direction is stabilized by supersymmetry breaking and cosmologically harmless.
hep-phhep-thPLB(2024)·11 citations
14*
Low-energy flavour probes of light vector bosons
Luca Di Luzio🇮🇹 · Gabriele Levati🇮🇹 · Paride Paradisi🇮🇹 · Xavier Ponce Díaz🇮🇹
In this work, we construct the chiral Lagrangian for a light spin-1 boson $X$ possessing both vectorial and axial couplings to the light Standard Model quarks $u, d, s$ . We then use it in order to describe the tree-level, model-independent contributions to the $Δ S = 1$ transition $K^{\pm} \to π^{\pm} X$ , which is induced by Standard Model charged currents and is possibly enhanced by the emission of a longitudinally polarized $X$ boson. Such a flavour observable is then shown to set the best model-independent bounds on the diagonal axial couplings of $X$ to light quarks in the mass range allowed by the decay kinematics, improving the currently available constraints from beam-dump experiments and collider searches.
hep-phhep-exNuovo Cim.C(2023)·0 citations
15*
Collective excitations of a hot QCD medium in a time dependent background magnetic field
Gowthama K K🇮🇳 · Vinod Chandra🇮🇳
Collective modes within a hot Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) medium are obtained from the polarization tensor, considering both constant and time-varying electromagnetic fields. In both scenarios, five complex modes emerge, reliant on the wave vector ( $k$ ), with electrical conductivity exerting significant influence. The impact of the modes on the energy loss of heavy quarks in the hot QCD medium with a background electromagnetic field has been studied by obtaining the induced electric field in terms of the polarization tensor while invoking Wong's equations. The findings are seen to be consistent with analogous approaches, reinforcing the significance of the results.
hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·3 citations
16*
Diquark Explanation of $b \to s ℓ^{+} ℓ^{-}$
Andreas Crivellin🇨🇭 · Matthew Kirk🇪🇸
The discrepancies between $b \to s ℓ^{+} ℓ^{-}$ data and the corresponding Standard Model predictions point to the existence of new physics with a significance at the $5 σ$ level. While previously a lepton flavour universality violating effect was preferred, the new $R (K^{(*)})$ and $B_{s} \to μ^{+} μ^{-}$ measurements are now compatible with the Standard Model, favouring a lepton flavour universal beyond the Standard Model contribution to $C_{9}$ . Since heavy new physics is generally chiral, and because of the stringent constraints from charged lepton flavour violation, this poses a challenge for model building. In this article, we point out a novel possibility: a diquark, i.e. a coloured scalar, induces the Wilson coefficient of the $(s ˉ γ^{μ} P_{L} b) (c ˉ γ_{μ} P_{L} c)$ operator at tree-level, which then mixes into $O_{9}$ via an off-shell photon penguin. This setup allows for a lepton flavour universal effect of $C_{9} \approx - 0.5$ , without violating bounds from $Δ M_{s}$ , $ΔΓ$ , $B \to X_{s} γ$ and $D^{0} - D ˉ^{0}$ mixing. This scenario predicts a small and negative $C_{9}^{'}$ and a light diquark, preferably with a mass around $500$ GeV, as compatible with the CMS di-di-jet analysis, and a deficit in the inclusive $b \to c c ˉ s$ rate.
hep-phhep-exhep-latPRD(2023)·20 citations
17*
Taking aim at the wino-higgsino plane with the LHC
Linda M. Carpenter🇺🇸 · Humberto Gilmer🇺🇸 · Junichiro Kawamura🇰🇷 · Taylor Murphy🇫🇷
In this work we explore multiple search strategies for higgsinos and mixed higgsino-wino states in the MSSM and project the results onto the $(μ, M_{2})$ plane. Assuming associated production of higgsino-like pairs with a $W / Z$ boson, we develop a search in a channel characterized by a hadronically tagged vector boson accompanied by missing energy. We use as our template an ATLAS search for dark matter produced in association with a hadronically decaying vector boson, but upgrade the search by implementing a joint likelihood analysis, binning the missing transverse energy distribution, which greatly improves the search sensitivity. For higgsino-like states (more than 96% admixture) we find sensitivity to masses up to 550 GeV. For well-mixed higgsino-wino states (70-30% higgsino) we still find sensitivities above 300 GeV. Using this newly proposed search, we draw a phenomenological map of the wino-higgsino parameter space, recasting several complementary searches for disappearing tracks, soft leptons, trileptons, and hadronic diboson events in order to predict LHC coverage of the $(μ, M_{2})$ mass plane at integrated luminosities of up to $3 ab^{- 1}$ . Altogether, the full run of the HL-LHC can exclude much of the "natural" ( $μ, M_{2} <$ 500 GeV) wino-higgsino parameter space.
hep-phPRD(2024)·13 citations
18*
PCN: A Deep Learning Approach to Jet Tagging Utilizing Novel Graph Construction Methods and Chebyshev Graph Convolutions
Yash Semlani · Mihir Relan🇺🇸 · Krithik Ramesh🇺🇸
Jet tagging is a classification problem in high-energy physics experiments that aims to identify the collimated sprays of subatomic particles, jets, from particle collisions and tag them to their emitter particle. Advances in jet tagging present opportunities for searches of new physics beyond the Standard Model. Current approaches use deep learning to uncover hidden patterns in complex collision data. However, the representation of jets as inputs to a deep learning model have been varied, and often, informative features are withheld from models. In this study, we propose a graph-based representation of a jet that encodes the most information possible. To learn best from this representation, we design Particle Chebyshev Network (PCN), a graph neural network (GNN) using Chebyshev graph convolutions (ChebConv). ChebConv has been demonstrated as an effective alternative to classical graph convolutions in GNNs and has yet to be explored in jet tagging. PCN achieves a substantial improvement in accuracy over existing taggers and opens the door to future studies into graph-based representations of jets and ChebConv layers in high-energy physics experiments. Code is available at https://github.com/YVSemlani/PCN-Jet-Tagging.
hep-phcs.LGhep-exJHEP(2024)·6 citations
19*
Dissipation dynamics of a scalar field
Laura Batini🇩🇪 · Eduardo Grossi🇮🇹 · Nicolas Wink🇩🇪
We investigate the dissipation rate of a scalar field in the vicinity of the phase transition and the ordered phase, specifically within the universality class of model A. This dissipation rate holds significant physical relevance, particularly in the context of interpreting effective potentials as inputs for dynamical transport simulations, such as hydrodynamics. To comprehensively understand the use of effective potentials and other calculation inputs, such as the functional renormalization group, we conduct a detailed analysis of field dependencies. We solve the functional renormalization group equations on the Schwinger-Keldysh contour to determine the effective potential and dissipation rate for both finite and infinite volumes. Furthermore, we conduct a finite-size scaling analysis to calculate the dynamic critical exponent z. Our extracted value closely matches existing values from the literature.
↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·18 citations
20*
Dark age consistency in the 21cm global signal
Fumiya Okamatsu🇯🇵 · Teppie Minoda🇯🇵 · Tomo Takahashi🇯🇵 · Daisuke Yamauchi🇯🇵 · Shintaro Yoshiura
We propose a new observable for the 21cm global signal during the dark ages, the dark-age consistency ratio, which is motivated from the fact that the shape of the functional form of the brightness temperature against the frequency is cosmological-parameter independent in the standard $Λ$ CDM model. The dark-age consistency ratio takes a certain definite value in the $Λ$ CDM case, which can serve as a critical test of the model and probe those beyond the standard one. The new observable just needs measurements of the brightness temperature at a few frequency bands during the dark ages, and thus it allows us to test cosmological scenarios even with limited information on the global signal.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRL(2024)·6 citations
21*
Relic gravitons and pulsar timing arrays: a theoretical viewpoint
Massimo Giovannini🇮🇹
During the last three years the pulsar timing arrays reported a series of repeated evidences of gravitational radiation (with stochastically distributed Fourier amplitudes) at a benchmark frequency of the order of $30$ nHz and characterized by spectral energy densities (in critical units) ranging between $1 0^{- 8}$ and $1 0^{- 9}$ . While it is still unclear whether or not these effects are just a consequence of the pristine variation of the space-time curvature, the nature of the underlying physical processes would suggest that the spectral energy density of the relic gravitons in the nHz domain may only depend on the evolution of the comoving horizon at late, intermediate and early times. Along this systematic perspective we first consider the most conventional option, namely a post-inflationary modification of the expansion rate. Given the present constraints on the relic graviton backgrounds, we then show that such a late-time effect is unable to produce the desired hump in the nHz region. We then analyze a modified exit of the relevant wavelengths as it may happen when the gravitons inherit an effective refractive index from the interactions with the geometry. A relatively short inflationary phase leads, in this case, to an excess in the nHz region even if the observational data coming from competing experiments do not pin down exactly the same regions in the parameter space. We finally examine an early stage of increasing curvature and argue that it is not compatible with the observed spectral energy density unless the wavelengths crossing the comoving horizon at early times reenter in a decelerated stage not dominated by radiation.
↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thEPJC(2024)·4 citations
22*
Linear stability analysis in inhomogeneous equilibrium configurations
Masoud Shokri🇩🇪 · Dirk H. Rischke🇩🇪
We propose a novel method to find local plane-wave solutions of the linearized equations of motion of relativistic hydrodynamics in inhomogeneous equilibrium configurations, i.e., when a fluid in equilibrium is rigidly moving with nonzero thermal vorticity. Our method is based on extending the conserved currents to the tangent bundle, using a type of Wigner transformation. The Wigner-transformed conserved currents can then be Fourier-transformed into the cotangent bundle to obtain the dispersion relations for the space-time dependent eigenfrequencies. We show that the connection between the stability of hydrodynamics and the evolution of plane waves is not as straightforward as in the homogeneous case, namely, it is restricted to the equilibrium-preserving directions in the cotangent bundle. We apply this method to Mueller-Israel-Stewart (MIS) theory and show that the interplay between the bulk viscous pressure and the shear-stress tensor with acceleration and rotation leads to novel modes, as well as modifications of the already known ones. We conclude that, within the domain of applicability, i.e., when boundary effects are negligible and the vorticity is not too large, MIS theory is stable and causal, with the same stability and causality conditions as for homogeneous equilibrium configurations.
↳ physics.flu-dynhep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·12 citations
23*
QCD phase diagram and equation of state in background electric fields
Gergely Endrodi🇩🇪 · Gergely Marko🇩🇪
The phase diagram and the equation of state of QCD is investigated in the presence of weak background electric fields by means of continuum extrapolated lattice simulations. The complex action problem at nonzero electric field is circumvented by a novel Taylor expansion, enabling the determination of the linear response of the thermal QCD medium to constant electric fields -- in contrast to simulations at imaginary electric fields, which, as we demonstrate, involve an infrared singularity. Besides the electric susceptibility of QCD matter, we determine the dependence of the Polyakov loop on the field strength to leading order. Our results indicate a plasma-type behavior with a negative susceptibility at all temperatures, as well as an increase in the transition temperature as the electric field grows.
↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2024)·22 citations
24*
Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO
Angel Abusleme🇨🇱 · Thomas Adam🇫🇷 · Shakeel Ahmad🇵🇰 · Rizwan Ahmed🇵🇰 · Sebastiano Aiello🇮🇹 · Muhammad Akram🇵🇰 · Abid Aleem🇵🇰 · Fengpeng An🇨🇳 · Qi An🇨🇳 · Giuseppe Andronico🇮🇹 · Nikolay Anfimov🇷🇺 · Vito Antonelli🇮🇹 and 619 other authors
The core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is considered one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the supernova (SN) burst presents a unique opportunity for multi-messenger observations of CCSN events. In this study, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector currently under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed to ensure both prompt alert speed and comprehensive coverage of progenitor stars. It incorporates prompt monitors on the electronic board as well as online monitors at the data acquisition stage. Assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system exhibits sensitivity to pre-SN neutrinos up to a distance of approximately 1.6 (0.9) kiloparsecs and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kiloparsecs for a progenitor mass of 30 solar masses, considering both normal and inverted mass ordering scenarios. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by analyzing the accumulated event anisotropy of inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos. This, along with the early alert, can play a crucial role in facilitating follow-up multi-messenger observations of the next galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.
↳ hep-exastro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2024)·45 citations
25*
Probing New Physics with High-Redshift Quasars: Axions and Non-standard Cosmology
Chen Sun🇺🇸 · Manuel A. Buen-Abad🇺🇸 · JiJi Fan🇺🇸
The Hubble diagram of quasars, as candidates to ``standardizable" candles, has been used to measure the expansion history of the Universe at late times, up to very high redshifts ( $z \sim 7$ ). It has been shown that this history, as inferred from the quasar dataset, deviates at $≳ 3 σ$ level from the concordance ( $Λ$ CDM) cosmology model preferred by the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and other datasets. In this article, we investigate whether new physics beyond $Λ$ CDM (B $Λ$ CDM) or beyond the Standard Model (BSM) could make the quasar data consistent with the concordance model. We first show that an effective redshift-dependent relation between the quasar UV and X-ray luminosities, complementing previous phenomenological work in the literature, can potentially remedy the discrepancy. Such a redshift dependence can be realized in a BSM model with axion-photon conversion in the intergalactic medium (IGM), although the preferred parameter space is {in tension with various other astrophysical constraints on axions, at a level} depending on the specific assumptions made regarding the IGM magnetic field. We briefly discuss a variation of the axion model that could evade these astrophysical constraints. On the other hand, we show that models beyond $Λ$ CDM such as one with a varying dark energy equation of state ( $w$ CDM) or the phenomenological cosmographic model with a polynomial expansion of the luminosity distance, cannot alleviate the tension. The code for our analysis, based on \texttt{emcee}~\cite{Foreman_Mackey_2013} and \texttt{corner.py}~\cite{corner}, is publicly available at \href{https://github.com/ChenSun-Phys/high\_z\_candles.git}{{\tt github.com/ChenSun-Phys/high\_z\_candles}}.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2024)·6 citations
26*
Implications of Weak Gravity Conjecture for de Sitter Decay by Flux Discharge
Nemanja Kaloper🇺🇸 · Alexander Westphal🇩🇪
We examine implications of the weak gravity conjecture for the mechanisms for discharging cosmological constant via membrane nucleations. Once screening fluxes and membranes which source them enter, and weak gravity bounds are enforced, a generic de Sitter space \underline{must} be unstable. We show that when all the flux terms which screen and discharge the cosmological constant are dominated by quadratic and higher order terms, the bounds from weak gravity conjecture and naturalness lead toward anthropic outcomes. In contrast, when the flux sectors are dominated by linear flux terms, anthropics may be avoided, and the cosmological constant may naturally decay toward smallest possible values.
↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPRD(2024)·3 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.