HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Tue·Aug 29, 2023Tuesday·August 29, 2023

44 papers—28 primary·16 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
LLPNet: Graph Autoencoder for Triggering Light Long-Lived Particles at HL-LHC
Biplob Bhattacherjee🇮🇳 · Partha Konar🇮🇳 · Vishal Singh Ngairangbam🇮🇳 · Prabhat Solanki🇮🇳
In the search for exotic events involving displaced particles at HL-LHC, the triggering at the level-1 (L1) system will pose a significant challenge. This is particularly relevant in scenarios where low mass long-lived particles (LLPs) are coupled to a Standard Model (SM)-like 125 GeV Higgs boson and they decay into jets. The complexity arises from the low hadronic activity resulting from LLP decay, and the existing triggers' inability to efficiently select displaced events. This study introduces a novel machine learning approach to address this challenge, utilizing a lightweight autoencoder architecture designed for low latency requirements at L1. Focusing on light LLPs with decay lengths ranging from 1 to 100 cm, this approach employs "Edge convolution" on L1 reconstructed tracks. The results show notable signal acceptance at the permissible background rate, primarily originating from minimum bias and QCD di-jet events. For LLPs of mass 10, 30, and 50 GeV at decay length of 5 cm, the signal efficiencies are 33%, 70%, and 80%, respectively. At a 50 cm decay length, these efficiencies are 20%, 39%, and 45% for the same respective masses.
hep-phhep-ex15 citations
02*
Neutrino propagation through Earth: modeling uncertainties using nuPyProp
Diksha Garg🇺🇸 · Mary Hall Reno🇺🇸 · Sameer Patel🇺🇸 · Alexander Ruestle · Yosui Akaike🇯🇵 · Luis A. Anchordoqui🇺🇸 · Douglas R. Bergman🇺🇸 · Isaac Buckland🇺🇸 · Austin L. Cummings🇺🇸 · Johannes Eser🇺🇸 · Fred Garcia · Claire Guépin🇫🇷 and 13 other authors
Using the Earth as a neutrino converter, tau neutrino fluxes from astrophysical point sources can be detected by tau-lepton-induced extensive air showers (EASs). Both muon neutrino and tau neutrino induced upward-going EAS signals can be detected by terrestrial, sub-orbital and satellite-based instruments. The sensitivity of these neutrino telescopes can be evaluated with the nuSpaceSim package, which includes the nuPyProp simulation package. The nuPyProp package propagates neutrinos ( $ν_{μ}$ , $ν_{τ}$ ) through the Earth to produce the corresponding charged leptons (muons and tau-leptons). We use nuPyProp to quantify the uncertainties from Earth density models, tau depolarization effects and photo-nuclear electromagnetic energy loss models in the charged lepton exit probabilities and their spectra. The largest uncertainties come from electromagnetic energy loss modeling, with as much as a 20-50% difference between the models. We compare nuPyProp results with other simulation package results.
hep-phastro-ph.HEPoS(2023)·2 citations
03*
Constraining the pion distribution amplitude using Drell-Yan reactions on a proton
H.-Y. Xing🇨🇳 · M. Ding🇩🇪 · Z.-F. Cui🇨🇳 · A. V. Pimikov🇷🇺 · C. D. Roberts🇨🇳 · S. M. Schmidt🇩🇪
Using a reaction model that incorporates pion bound state effects and continuum results for proton parton distributions and the pion distribution amplitude, $φ_{π}$ , we deliver parameter-free predictions for the $μ^{+}$ angular distributions in $π N \to μ^{+} μ^{-} X$ reactions on both unpolarised and polarised targets. The analysis indicates that such angular distributions are sensitive to the pointwise form of $φ_{π}$ and suggests that unpolarised targets are practically more favourable. The precision of extant data is insufficient for use in charting $φ_{π}$ ; hence, practical tests of this approach to charting $φ_{π}$ must await data with improved precision from new-generation experiments. The reaction model yields a nonzero single-spin azimuthal asymmetry, without reference to $T$ -odd parton distribution functions (DFs). This may necessitate additional care when attempting to extract such $T$ -odd DFs from data.
hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PLB(2024)·7 citations
04*
Accessing the subleading-twist $B$ -meson light-cone distribution amplitude with Large-Momentum Effective Theory
Shu-Man Hu🇨🇳 · Wei Wang🇨🇳 · Ji Xu🇨🇳 · Shuai Zhao🇨🇳
Within the framework of large momentum effective theory (LaMET), we propose a hard-collinear factorization formula to extract the subleading-twist $B$ -meson light-cone distribution amplitude (LCDA) from the quasidistribution amplitude calculated on the lattice. The one-loop matching coefficient and an integro-differential equation governing the evolution of the quasidistribution amplitude are derived. Our results could be useful either in evaluating the subleading-twist $B$ -meson LCDA on the lattice or in the understanding the feasibility of LaMET on higher-twist distributions.
hep-phhep-latPRD(2024)·20 citations
05*
$ρ$ -meson longitudinal leading-twist distribution amplitude revisited and the $D \to ρ$ semileptonic decay
Tao Zhong🇨🇳 · Ya-Hong Dai🇨🇳 · Hai-Bing Fu🇨🇳
Motivated by our previous work [Phys. Rev. D \textbf{104}, no.1, 016021 (2021)] on pionic leading-twist distribution amplitude (DA), we revisit $ρ$ -meson leading-twist longitudinal DA $ϕ_{2; ρ}^{∥} (x, μ)$ in this paper. A model proposed by Chang based on the Dyson-Schwinger equations (DSEs) is adopted to describe the behavior of $ϕ_{2; ρ}^{∥} (x, μ)$ . On the other hand, the $ξ$ -moments of $ϕ_{2; ρ}^{∥} (x, μ)$ are calculated with the QCD sum rules in the framework of the background field theory. The sum rule formula for those moments are improved. More accurate values for the first five nonzero $ξ$ -moments at typical scale $μ = 1, 1.4, 2, 3 GeV$ are given, e.g., at $μ = 1 GeV$ , \modi{ $⟨ ξ^{2} ⟩_{2; ρ}^{∥} = 0.220 (6)$ , $⟨ ξ^{4} ⟩_{2; ρ}^{∥} = 0.103 (4)$ , $⟨ ξ^{6} ⟩_{2; ρ}^{∥} = 0.066 (5)$ , $⟨ ξ^{8} ⟩_{2; ρ}^{∥} = 0.046 (4)$ and $⟨ ξ^{10} ⟩_{2; ρ}^{∥} = 0.035 (3)$ }. By fitting those values with the least squares method, the DSE model for $ϕ_{2; ρ}^{∥} (x, μ)$ is determined. By taking the left-handed current light-cone sum rule approach, we get the transition form factor at large recoil region, {\it i.e.} $A_{1} (0) = 0.49 8_{- 0.012}^{+ 0.014}$ , $A_{2} (0) = 0.46 0_{- 0.047}^{+ 0.055}$ , $V (0) = 0.80 0_{- 0.014}^{+ 0.015}$ , and the ratio $r_{2} = 0.92 3_{- 0.119}^{+ 0.133}$ , $r_{V} = 1.60 7_{- 0.071}^{+ 0.071}$ . After making the extrapolation with a rapidly converging series based on $z (t)$ -expansion, we present the decay width for the semileptonic decays $D \to ρ ℓ^{+} ν_{ℓ}$ . Finally, the branching fractions are $B (D^{0} \to ρ^{-} e^{+} ν_{e}) = 1.88 9_{- 0.170}^{+ 0.176} \pm 0.005$ , $B (D^{+} \to ρ^{0} e^{+} ν_{e}) = 2.38 0_{- 0.214}^{+ 0.221} \pm 0.012$ , $B (D^{0} \to ρ^{-} μ^{+} ν_{μ}) = 1.88 1_{- 0.168}^{+ 0.174} \pm 0.005$ , $B (D^{+} \to ρ^{0} μ^{+} ν_{μ}) = 2.36 9_{- 0.211}^{+ 0.219} \pm 0.011$ .
hep-phCPC(2024)·12 citations
06*
Production of charmonium $χ_{c J} (2 P)$ plus one $ω$ meson by $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation
Ri-Qing Qian🇨🇳 · Xiang Liu🇨🇳
Inspired by the recent observation of $e^{+} e^{-} \to ω X (3872)$ by the BESIII Collaboration, in this work we study the production of the charmonium $χ_{c J} (2 P)$ by $e^{+} e^{-}$ annihilation. We find that the $e^{+} e^{-} \to ω χ_{c 0} (2 P)$ and $e^{+} e^{-} \to ω χ_{c 2} (2 P)$ have sizable production rates, when taking the cross section data from $e^{+} e^{-} \to ω X (3872)$ as the scaling point and treating the $X (3872)$ as the charmonium $χ_{c 1} (2 P)$ . Considering that the dominant decay modes of $χ_{c 0}$ and $χ_{c 2} (2 P)$ involve $D D ˉ$ final states, we propose that $e^{+} e^{-} \to ω D D ˉ$ is an ideal process to identify $χ_{c 0} (2 P)$ and $χ_{c 2} (2 P)$ , which is similar to the situation that happens in the $D D ˉ$ invariant mass spectrum of the $γ γ \to D D ˉ$ and $B^{+} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{+}$ processes. With continuous accumulation of experimental data, these proposed production processes offer a promising avenue for exploration by the BESIII and Belle II collaborations.
hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·11 citations
07*
Production of the newly observed $T ˉ_{c s ˉ 0}$ by kaon-induced reactions on a proton/neutron target
Yin Huang🇨🇳 · Hao Hei🇨🇳 · Jing-wen Feng🇨🇳 · Xurong Chen🇨🇳 · Rong Wang🇨🇳
Recently, a new doubly charged tetraquark $T_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)^{++}$ and its neutral partner $T_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)^{0}$ at the invariant mass spectrum of $π D_{s}$ were observed by the LHCb Collaboration. According to its properties, such as the mass and decay width, the $T_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)^{++ /0}$ have been suggested to be a compact multi-quark state or a hadron molecule. In order to distinguish the various interpretations of the $T_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)^{++ /0}$ , we investigate the possibility to study the $T ˉ_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)$ [the antiparticle of $T_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)$ ] by kaon-induced reactions on a proton target in an effective Lagrangian approach. The production mechanism is characterized by the $t$ -channel $D$ meson exchange. Our theoretical approach is based on the assumption that $T ˉ_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)$ can be either a $K^{*} D^{*} - D_{s}^{*} ρ$ molecule or a compact tetraquark state. Using the coupling constants of the $T ˉ_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)$ to $K D$ channel obtained from molecule or compact tetraquark picture of the $T ˉ_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)$ , we compute the cross-sections for the process $K^{-} n \to T ˉ_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)^{--} Λ_{c}^{+}$ . The $K ˉ N$ initial state interaction mediated by Pomeron and Reggeon exchanges is also included, which reduces the production of the $T ˉ_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)$ . Our calculations show that whether $T ˉ_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)$ is a molecule or a compact tetraquark state, the cross-sections for the $K^{-} n \to T ˉ_{c s ˉ 0}^{a} (2900)^{--} Λ_{c}^{+}$ reaction are of similar magnitude, ranging from approximately 0.075 nb to 0.270 nb.
hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·9 citations
08*
Lorentz- and CPT-violating effects in Penning traps at linear boost
Ariam J. Acevedo-Lopez🇺🇸 · Yunhua Ding🇺🇸 · Kaito Iwasaki🇺🇸 · Arnaldo J. Vargas🇺🇸
We present in this work an analysis of Lorentz- and CPT-violating signals at linear boost order in Penning-trap experiments. The theory of quantum electrodynamics with Penning traps is revisited and the dominant shifts in the cyclotron and anomaly frequencies of confined particles and antiparticles are reproduced. To study time variations of the experimental signals at linear boost order, we provide a general discussion on transformations of coefficients for Lorentz violation between different frames, and derive the expressions of the cyclotron and anomaly frequency shifts in the Sun-centered frame. Relating these frequency shifts to the charge-to-mass ratios, the $g$ factors, and their comparisons between particles and antiparticles, we extract numerous new or improved bounds on coefficients for Lorentz violation from existing Penning-trap measurements.
hep-phPRD(2023)·8 citations
09*
Possible molecular states from interactions of charmed strange baryons
Dan Song🇨🇳 · Shu Chen🇨🇳 · Shu-Yi Kong🇨🇳 · Jun He🇨🇳
In this work, we perform an investigation of possible molecular states composed of two charmed strange baryons from the $Ξ_{c}^{(^{'}, *)} Ξ_{c}^{(^{'}, *)}$ interaction, and their hidden-charm hidden-strange partners from the $Ξ_{c}^{(^{'}, *)} Ξ ˉ_{c}^{(^{'}, *)}$ interaction. With the help of the heavy quark chiral effective Lagrangians, the interactions of charmed strange baryons are described with light meson exchanges. The potential kernels are constructed, and inserted into the quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation. The bound states are produced from most interactions considered, which suggests that strong attractions exist widely between the charmed strange baryons. Experimental searching for such molecular states is suggested in future high-precision measurements.
hep-ph1 citation
10*
Combined analysis on nature of $X (3960)$ , $χ_{c 0} (3930)$ , and $X_{0} (4140)$
Zuo-ming Ding🇨🇳 · Jun He🇨🇳
In this work, a study of the $D_{s} D ˉ_{s}$ interaction and its couplings to the channels $D D ˉ$ and $J / ψ ϕ$ is performed in a quasipotential Bethe-Salpeter equation approach. The $D_{s}^{+} D_{s}^{-}$ and $D^{+} D^{-}$ invariant mass spectra in three-body $B$ decays are investigated in order to understand the origin of $X (3960)$ , $χ_{c 0} (3930)$ , and $X_{0} (4140)$ structures reported at LHCb. With the help of effective Lagrangians, the potential kernel can be constructed with meson exchanges, from which the scattering amplitudes can be obtained. By inserting it into the three-body decay processes, the invariant mass spectra can be calculated with an additional Breit-Wigner resonance introduced. The $D_{s}^{+} D_{s}^{-}$ invariant mass spectrum in the decay process $B^{+} \to D_{s}^{+} D_{s}^{-} K^{+}$ is well reproduced, and the $X (3960)$ structure can be explained as a molecular state from the $D_{s} D ˉ_{s}$ interaction. The state also exhibits as a peak in the $D^{+} D^{-}$ invariant mass spectrum in the decay $B^{+} \to D^{+} D^{-} K^{+}$ , however, it is too narrow to reproduce the experimental structure around 3930~MeV. The dip around 4140~MeV in the $D_{s}^{+} D_{s}^{-}$ invariant mass spectrum can be reproduced by the additional resonance with interference effect. However, a small bump instead of a dip is produced from the $D_{s} D ˉ_{s} - J / ψ ϕ$ coupled-channel effect, which suggests that the $X_{0} (4140)$ cannot be interpreted as the $D_{s} D ˉ_{s} - J / ψ ϕ$ coupling in the current model.
hep-phEPJC(2023)·6 citations
11*
Radiative Leptonic Decay of Heavy Quarkonia
Junle Pei🇨🇳 · Xinchou Lou🇨🇳 · Yaquan Fang🇨🇳 · Jinfei Wu🇨🇳 · Manqi Ruan🇨🇳
This study examines the properties of heavy quarkonia $X$ by treating them as bound states of $Q$ and $Q ˉ$ at the LO level within the NRQCD framework, where $Q$ represents either a charm or a bottom quark. The branching ratios for the radiative leptonic decays $X \to γ l^{+} l^{-}$ are revisited and the angular and energy/momentum distributions of the final state particles are analyzed in the rest frame of $X$ . Furthermore, we apply Lorentz transformations from the rest frame of $X$ to the center-of-mass frame of $l^{+} l^{-}$ to establish the connection between the widths $Γ_{X \to γ l^{+} l^{-}}$ and $Γ_{X \to l^{+} l^{-}}$ . When comparing the connection with those documented in the literature (divided by $2 π$ ) for various $X$ states, such as $J /Ψ$ , $Ψ (2 S)$ , $Υ (1 S)$ , and $Υ (2 S)$ , relative differences typically around or below 10\% can be found, which is comparable to the NLO corrections of $O (α)$ and $O (v^{4})$ . However, we observe a significant disparity in the ratio between $Γ_{Ψ (2 S) \to γ τ^{+} τ^{-}}$ and $Γ_{Ψ (2 S) \to τ^{+} τ^{-}}$ , with our prediction being four times larger than those in the literature. The outcomes derived from this study held practical implications in describing the QED radiative processes and contribute to the investigation of QCD processes associated with the decays of heavy quarkonia and the searches for new physics.
hep-phCPC(2024)·0 citations
12*
Quantum Corrections to Higgs Inflation in Einstein-Cartan Gravity
Minxi He🇯🇵 · Kohei Kamada🇯🇵 · Kyohei Mukaida🇯🇵
This paper studies the quantum corrections to the Higgs inflation model in the context of the Einstein-Cartan (E-C) gravity in the large- $N$ limit with $N$ being the number of real scalar components in Higgs. Recently, it is realized that the Higgs inflation in the E-C formalism smoothly connects those in the metric and the Palatini formalisms in the presence of a non-minimal coupling between the Higgs fields and the Nieh-Yan term. This motivates us to investigate the quantum corrections to the E-C Higgs inflation and to clarify how the Ricci curvature squared $R^{2}$ induced by the quantum corrections succeeds in Ultraviolet (UV)-extending the Higgs inflation in metric formalism while it fails in the Palatini case. We show that a generalized $R^{2}$ -term required for the renormalization in the E-C formalism induces a new scalar degree of freedom (DoF), the scalaron, which gradually decouples with the system due to its increasing mass as approaching the Palatini limit. The presence of the scalaron extends the UV cutoff at vacuum of the original model except for the parameter space close to the Palatini limit. This UV-extension is expected to solve the strong coupling problem that may exist during (p)reheating in the absence of the scalaron.
hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thJHEP(2024)·16 citations
13*
Freeze-in bino dark matter in high scale supersymmetry
Chengcheng Han🇨🇳 · Peiwen Wu🇨🇳 · Jin Min Yang🇨🇳 · Mengchao Zhang🇨🇳
We explore a scenario of high scale supersymmetry where all supersymmetric particles except gauginos stay at a high energy scale $M_{SUSY}$ which is much larger than the reheating temperature $T_{RH}$ . The dark matter is dominated by bino component with mass around the electroweak scale and the observed relic abundance is mainly generated by the freeze-in process during the early universe. Considering the various constraints, we identify two available scenarios in which the supersymmetric sector at an energy scale below $T_{RH}$ consists of: a) bino; b) bino and wino. Typically, for a bino mass around 0.1-1 TeV and a wino mass around 2 TeV, we find that $M_{SUSY}$ should be around $1 0^{12 - 14}$ GeV with $T_{RH}$ around $1 0^{4 - 6}$ GeV.
hep-phPRD(2024)·1 citation
14*
The Inverted Pendulum as a Classical Analog of the EFT Paradigm
Martin Beneke🇩🇪 · Matthias König🇩🇪 · Martin Link🇩🇪
The inverted pendulum is a mechanical system with a rapidly oscillating pivot point. Using techniques similar in spirit to the methodology of effective field theories, we derive an effective Lagrangian that allows for the systematic computation of corrections to the so-called Kapitza equation. The derivation of the effective potential of the system requires non-trivial matching conditions, which need to be determined order by order in the power-counting of the problem. The convergence behavior of the series is investigated on the basis of high-order results obtained by this method.
hep-phphysics.class-phPhys.Scripta(2024)·5 citations
15*
New properties of elastic $pp$ and $p p ˉ$ scattering at high energies
O.V. Selyugin🇷🇺
Data-driving determination of the new properties of elastic scattering at small angles on the basis on all existing experimental data for $d σ / d t$ of $pp$ and $p p ˉ$ at $s \geq 540$ GeV allows us to obtain the main characteristics of the nonstandard terms of the elastic scattering amplitude. It was shown that the oscillation term has a different sign for $pp$ and $p p ˉ$ reactions; hence, it is part of the Odderon amplitude. The energy dependence of the oscillation term and the term with an extremely large slope is determined. The period of the oscillation term agrees with the scaling properties predicted by the Auberson - Kinoshita - Martin (AKM) theorem. The high quality quantitative description of all data at $s \geq 540$ GeV in the framework of the HEGS model supports such a phenomenon which can be connected with peripheral hadron interaction.
hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·8 citations
16*
Probing chiral and flavored $Z^{'}$ from cosmic bursts through neutrino interactions
ShivaSankar K.A.🇯🇵 · Arindam Das🇯🇵 · Gaetano Lambiase🇮🇹 · Takaaki Nomura🇨🇳 · Yuta Orikasa🇨🇿
The origin of tiny neutrino mass is an unsolved puzzle leading to a variety of phenomenological aspects beyond the Standard Model (BSM). We consider $U (1)$ gauge extension of the Standard Model (SM) where so-called seesaw mechanism is incarnated with the help of thee generations of Majorana type right-handed neutrinos followed by the breaking of $U (1)$ and electroweak gauge symmetries providing anomaly free structure. In this framework, a neutral BSM gauge boson $Z^{'}$ is evolved. To explore the properties of its interactions we consider chiral (flavored) frameworks where $Z^{'}$ interactions depend on the handedness (generations) of the fermions. In this paper we focus on $Z^{'} -$ neutrino interactions which could be probed from cosmic explosions. We consider $ν ν \to e^{+} e^{-}$ process which can energize gamma-ray burst (GRB221009A, so far the highest energy) through energy deposition. Hence estimating these rates we constrain $U (1)$ gauge coupling $(g_{X})$ and $Z^{'}$ mass $(M_{Z^{'}})$ under Schwarzchild (Sc) and Hartle-Thorne (HT) scenarios. We also study $ν -$ DM scattering through $Z^{'}$ to constrain $g_{X} - M_{Z^{'}}$ plane using IceCube data considering high energy neutrinos from cosmic blazar (TXS0506+056), active galaxy (NGC1068), the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and the Lyman- $α$ data, respectively. Finally highlighting complementarity we compare our results with current and prospective bounds on $g_{X} - M_{Z^{'}}$ plane from scattering, beam-dump and $g - 2$ experiments.
hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exEPJC(2024)·42 citations
17*
Neutrino amplitude decomposition, $S$ matrix rephasing invariance, and reparametrization symmetry
Hisakazu Minakata🇺🇸
The $S$ matrix rephasing invariance is one of the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics that originates in its probabilistic interpretation. For a given $S$ matrix which describes neutrino oscillation, one can define the two different rephased amplitudes $S_{α β}^{Reph-1} \equiv e^{i (λ_{1} /2 E) x} S_{α β}$ and $S_{α β}^{Reph-2} \equiv e^{i (λ_{2} /2 E) x} S_{α β}$ , which are physically equivalent to each other, where $λ_{k} /2 E$ denotes the energy eigenvalue of the $k$ -th mass eigenstate. We point out that the transformation of the reparametrization (Rep) symmetry obtained with ``Symmetry Finder'' maps $S_{α β}^{Reph-1}$ to $S_{α β}^{Reph-2}$ , and vice versa, providing a local and manifest realization of the $S$ matrix rephasing invariance by the Rep symmetry of the 1-2 state exchange type. It is strongly indicative of quantum mechanical nature of the Rep symmetry. The rephasing and Rep symmetry relation, though its all-order treatment remains incomplete, is shown to imply absence of the pure 1-3 exchange symmetry in Denton~{\it et al.}~perturbation theory. It then triggers a study of convergence of perturbation series.
hep-phhep-thJHEP(2024)·2 citations
18*
Predicting $sin (2 ϕ - ϕ_{s})$ azimuthal asymmetry in pion-proton induced Drell-Yan process using holographic light-front QCD
Bheemsehan Gurjar🇮🇳 · Chandan Mondal🇨🇳
We compute the $sin (2 ϕ - ϕ_{s})$ azimuthal asymmetry in the pion-nucleon induced Drell-Yan process within transverse momentum dependent factorization. We employ the holographic light-front pion wave functions to calculate its leading-twist transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs). The Boer-Mulders TMD of the pion is then convoluted with the transversity TMD of the proton evaluated in a light-front quark-diquark model constructed with the wave functions predicted by the soft-wall AdS/QCD to obtain the azimuthal asymmetry in the Drell-Yan process. The gluon rescattering is pivotal to predict nonzero pion Boer-Mulders TMD. We investigate the utility of a nonperturbative SU $(3)$ gluon rescattering kernel going beyond the usual approximation of perturbative U $(1)$ gluons. The holographic light-front QCD approach provides a powerful tool for exploring the role of nonperturbative QCD effects in the Drell-Yan process and may help to guide future experimental measurements.
hep-phPRD(2024)·6 citations
19*
Heavy quark diffusion and radiation at intermediate momentum
Juhee Hong🇰🇷
We discuss heavy quark diffusion and radiation in an intermediate-momentum regime where finite mass effects can be significant. Diffusion processes are described in the Fokker-Planck approximation for soft momentum transfer, while radiative ones are taken into account by nearly collinear gluon emission from a single scattering in the Boltzmann equation. We also consider radiative corrections to the transverse momentum diffusion coefficient, which are $O (g^{2})$ suppressed than the leading-order diffusion coefficient but logarithmically enhanced. Numerical results show that the heavy quark distribution function depends on the energy loss mechanism so that the momentum dependence of suppression is distinguishable. Employing the heavy quark diffusion coefficient constrained by lattice QCD data, we estimate the nuclear modification factor which exhibits a transition from diffusion at low momentum to radiation at high momentum. The significance of radiative effects at intermediate momentum depends on the diffusion coefficient and running coupling constant.
hep-phnucl-thPRC(2024)·8 citations
20*
Production of leptons from decay of heavy-flavor hadrons in high-energy nuclear collisions
Sa Wang🇨🇳 · Yao Li🇨🇳 · Shuwan Shen🇨🇳 · Ben-Wei Zhang🇨🇳 · Enke Wang🇨🇳
This paper presents a theoretical study on the production of the heavy-flavour decay lepton (HFL) in high-energy nuclear collisions at the LHC. The pp-baseline is calculated by the FONLL program, which matches the next-to-leading order pQCD calculation with the next-to-leading-log large- $p_{T}$ resummation. The in-medium propagation of heavy quarks is driven by the modified Langevin equations, which consider both the elastic and inelastic partonic interactions. We propose a method to separate the respective influence of the six factors, such as pp-spectra, the cold nuclear matter (CNM) effects, in-medium energy loss (E-loss), fragmentation functions (FFs), coalescence (Coal), and decay channels, which may contribute to the larger $R_{AA}$ of HFL $\leftarrow b$ compared to that of HFL $\leftarrow c$ in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Based on quantitative analysis, we demonstrate that both coalescence hadronization, decay channels and the mass-dependent E-loss play an essential role at $p_{T} < 5$ GeV, while the latter dominates the higher $p_{T}$ region. It is also found that the influences of the CNM effects and FFs are insignificant. At the same time, different initial pp-spectra of charm and bottom quarks have a considerable impact at $p_{T} > 5$ GeV. Furthermore, we explore the path-length dependence of jet quenching by comparing the HFL $R_{AA}$ in two different collision systems. Our investigations show smaller HFL $R_{AA}$ in Pb+Pb than in Xe+Xe within the same centrality bin, consistent with the ALICE data. The longer propagation time and more effective energy loss of heavy quarks in Pb+Pb collisions play critical roles in the stronger yield suppression of the HFL compared to that in Xe+Xe. In addition, we observe a scaling behavior of the HFL $R_{AA}$ in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb collisions.
hep-phhep-exnucl-thPRC(2025)·5 citations
21*
Indirect detection of dark matter with (pseudo)-scalar interactions
Simone Biondini🇨🇭 · Julian Bollig🇩🇪 · Stefan Vogl🇩🇪
Indirect detection is one of the most powerful methods to search for annihilating dark matter. In this work, we investigate the impact of non-perturbative effects in the indirect detection of dark matter. For this purpose we utilize a minimal model consisting of a fermionic dark matter candidate in the TeV mass range that interacts via scalar- and pseudo-scalar interactions with a massive scalar mediator mixing with the Higgs. The scalar interaction induces an attractive Yukawa potential between dark matter particles, such that annihilations are Sommerfeld enhanced, and bound states can form. These non-perturbative effects are systematically dealt with (potential) non-relativistic effective field theories and we derive the relevant cross sections for dark matter. We discuss their impact on the relic density and indirect detection. Annihilations in dwarf galaxies and the Galactic Center require special care and we derive generalized $J$ -factors for these objects that account for the non-trivial velocity dependence of the cross sections in our model. We use limits on the gamma-ray flux based on Fermi-LAT observations and limits on the rate of exotic energy injection from Planck to derive bounds on the parameter space of the model. Finally, we estimate the impact that future limits from the Cherenkov Telescope Array are expected to have on the model.
hep-phJHEP(2024)·11 citations
22*
Positivity Bounds on Higgs-Portal Freeze-in Dark Matter
Seong-Sik Kim🇰🇷 · Hyun Min Lee🇰🇷 · Kimiko Yamashita🇯🇵
We consider the relic density and positivity bounds for freeze-in scalar dark matter with general Higgs-portal interactions up to dimension-8 operators. When dimension-4 and dimension-6 Higgs-portal interactions are proportional to mass squares for Higgs or scalar dark matter in certain microscopic models such as massive graviton, radion or general metric couplings with conformal and disformal modes, we can take the dimension-8 derivative Higgs-portal interactions to be dominant for determining the relic density via the 2-to-2 thermal scattering of the Higgs fields after reheating. We discuss the implications of positivity bounds for microscopic models. First, massive graviton or radion mediates attractive forces between Higgs and scalar dark matter and the resultant dimension-8 operators respect the positivity bounds. Second, the disformal couplings in the general metric allow for the subluminal propagation of graviton but violate the positivity bounds. We show that there is a wide parameter space for explaining the correct relic density from the freeze-in mechanism and the positivity bounds can curb out the dimension-8 derivative Higgs-portal interactions nontrivially in the presence of the similar dimension-8 self-interactions for Higgs and dark matter.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thJHEP(2023)·6 citations
23*
Muon $g - 2$ and dark matter in Supersymmetric $S U (4)_{c} \times S U (2)_{L} \times S U (2)_{R}$
Qaisar Shafi🇺🇸 · Amit Tiwari🇺🇸 · Cem Salih Un🇹🇷
The latest FermiLab muon $g - 2$ result shows a $5 σ$ discrepancy with a ``widely advertised" Standard Model prediction. We consider a supersymmetric $S U (4)_{c} \times S U (2)_{L} \times S U (2)_{R}$ model in which this discrepancy is resolved by including contributions to muon $g - 2$ from a relatively light SUSY sector. A variety of realistic coannihilation scenarios can reproduce the observed dark matter relic abundance. With a significantly reduced discrepancy, of order $1 σ$ or less, the Higgsino-like dark matter solutions are also viable. We provide benchmark points for these solutions that will be probed in the direct detection dark matter experiments and collider searches.
hep-ph4 citations
24*
Hadronic structure on the light-front IX . Orbital-spin-isospin wave functions of baryons
Nicholas Miesch🇺🇸 · Edward Shuryak🇺🇸 · Ismail Zahed🇺🇸
This paper which is part of a series, is devoted to several technical issues. In the first part of the paper, we discuss the usual wavefunctions in the CM frame for baryons, by clarifying the representations of the three-quark permutation group $S_{3}$ . We extend the analysis for up to five ``spinors" with $ρ, λ$ -symmetry, and derive explicitly the totally symmetric wavefunctions modulo color. They are explicitly used to describe the excited nucleons $N^{*}$ states, in the P- and D-shell. We also show how to use symbolic operations in Mathematica, in spin-tensor notations to make explicit these states. For the S- and P-shells, the totally antisymmetric wavefunctions are given, and the pertinent matrix elements for the spin-dependent operators calculated, including the mixing between states with different total spin $S$ . In the second part of the paper we turn to the light front wavefunctions, with an emphasis on the longitudinal wavefunctions, with a novel basis set. We also discuss their symmetries under permutations, and select the proper combinations for the transverse and longitudinal excitations for $N^{*}$ on the light front.
hep-phPRD(2023)·8 citations
25*
Tensor reduction of loop integrals
Charalampos Anastasiou🇨🇭 · Julia Karlen🇨🇭 · Matilde Vicini🇨🇭
The computational cost associated with reducing tensor integrals to scalar integrals using the Passarino-Veltman method is dominated by the diagonalisation of large systems of equations. These systems of equations are sized according to the number of independent tensor elements that can be constructed using the metric and external momenta. In this article, we present a closed-form solution of this diagonalisation problem in arbitrary tensor integrals. We employ a basis of tensors whose building blocks are the external momentum vectors and a metric tensor transverse to the space of external momenta. The scalar integral coefficients of the basis tensors are obtained by mapping the basis elements to the elements of an orthogonaldual basis. This mapping is succinctly expressed through a formula that resembles the ordering of operators in Wick's theorem. Finally, we provide examples demonstrating the application of our tensor reduction formula to Feynman diagrams in QCD $2 \to 2$ scattering processes, specifically up to three loops.
hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·22 citations
26*
Azimuthal Anisotropy at high transverse momentum in $p$ - $p$ and $p$ - $A$ collisions
Ismail Soudi🇺🇸 · Abhijit Majumder🇺🇸
We explore the possibility that the initial transverse momentum distribution of unpolarized and polarized partons within unpolarized nucleons, both with and without the anisotropy of unpolarized hadrons produced in the fragmentation of outgoing partons, could lead to the observed azimuthal anisotropy of high transverse momentum (high- $p_{T}$ ) hadrons produced in high energy proton-proton ( $p$ - $p$ ) or proton-ion ( $p$ - $A$ ) collisions. Including simple Gaussian forms for transverse momentum dependent parton distribution functions (PDF) and fragmentation functions, and assuming an $A^{1/3}$ enhancement of a PDF in $p$ - $P b$ collisions, we show that the observed anisotropy, with \emph{no modification} to the angle integrated spectra ( $R_{p A} = 1$ ) for 5~GeV~ $≲ p_{T} ≲ 50$ ~GeV, can be straightforwardly understood as arising from a few processes dominated by gluon-gluon to gluon-gluon scattering.
hep-phhep-exnucl-thPLB(2024)·15 citations
27*
Comment on "Dirac leptogenesis via scatterings"
Tomáš Blažek🇸🇰 · Peter Maták🇸🇰
In their recent letter, Heeck et al. [Phys. Rev. D 108, L031703] introduced a simple model of leptogenesis, in which the asymmetry originates from the scattering processes only. Here we argue that their calculation violates some of the basic principles of perturbative quantum field theory.
hep-ph2 citations
28*
Properties and Behaviors of Heavy Quarkonia: Insights Through Fractional Model and Topological Defects
M. Abu-shady🇪🇬 · H. M. Fath-Allah🇪🇬
In this study, we investigated the impact of a topological defect on the properties of heavy quarkonia using the extended Cornell potential. We solved the fractional radial Schrodinger equation (SE) using the extended Nikorov-Uvarov (ENU) method to obtain the eigen energy, which allowed us to calculate the masses of charmonium and bottomonium. One significant observation was the splitting between np and nd states, which we attributed to the presence of the topological defect. We discovered that the excited states were divided into components corresponding to 2l + 1, indicating that the gravity field induced by the topological defect interacts with energy levels in a manner similar to the Zeeman effect caused by a magnetic field. Additionally, we derived the wave function and calculated the root mean radii for charmonium and bottomonium. A comparison with classical models was performed, resulting in better results being obtained. Furthermore, we investigated the thermodynamic properties of charmonium and bottomonium, determining quantities such as energy, partition function, free energy, mean energy, and specific heat for p-states. The obtained results were found to be consistent with experimental data and previous works. In conclusion, the fractional model used in this work proved essential in understanding the various properties and behaviors of heavy quarkonia in the presence of topological defects.
hep-phAdv.High Energy Phys.(2024)·4 citations
29*
Atmospheric muon fluxes at sub-orbital neutrino detectors
Diksha Garg🇺🇸 · Mary Hall Reno🇺🇸
Very-high-energy and ultra-high-energy neutrinos are messengers of energetic sources in the universe. Sub-orbital and satellite-based neutrino telescopes employ detectors of the atmospheric Cherenkov emission from extensive air showers (EASs) generated by charged particles. These Cherenkov detectors can be pointed below or above the Earth's limb. Cherenkov emissions produced from directions below the limb are from upward-going EASs produced in the atmosphere sourced by Earth-skimming neutrinos. When the Cherenkov telescope is pointed slightly above the Earth's limb, signals from EASs are initiated by cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere. For sub-orbital detectors, muons produced from cosmic rays in the atmosphere can directly hit the Cherenkov telescope. Using a semi-analytic technique with cascade equations for atmospheric particle fluxes, we quantify the atmospheric muon flux that reaches sub-orbital telescopes like Extreme Universe Space Observatory Super Pressure Balloon 2 (EUSO-SPB2). We assess this potential background to the EAS signals. The calculation technique may also provide an understanding of the evolution of the muon content in individual EAS.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPoS(2023)·1 citation
30*
Higher Derivative Sigma Models
John F. Donoghue🇺🇸 · Gabriel Menezes🇧🇷
We explore the nature of running couplings in the higher derivative linear and nonlinear sigma models and show that the results in dimensional regularization for the physical running couplings do not always match the values quoted in the literature. Heat kernel methods identify divergences correctly, but not all of these divergences are related to physical running couplings. Likewise the running found using the Functional Renormalization Group does not always appear as running couplings in physical processes, even for the case of logarithmic running. The basic coupling of the higher derivative SU(N) nonlinear sigma model does not run at all at one loop, in contrast to published claims for asymptotic freedom. At one loop we describe how to properly identify the physical running couplings in these theories, and provide revised numbers for the higher derivative nonlinear sigma model.
↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2025)·9 citations
31*
Ab initio investigation of the $^{7}$ Li( $p, e^{+} e^{-}$ ) $^{8}$ Be process and the X17 boson
P. Gysbers🇨🇦 · P. Navratil🇨🇦 · K. Kravvaris🇺🇸 · G. Hupin🇫🇷 · S. Quaglioni🇺🇸
Observations of anomalies in the electron-positron angular correlations in high-energy decays in $^{4}$ He, $^{8}$ Be, and $^{12}$ C have been reported recently by the ATOMKI collaboration. These could be explained by the creation and subsequent decay of a new boson with a mass of $\sim 17$ MeV. Theoretical understanding of pair creation in the proton capture reactions used in these experiments is important for the interpretation of the anomalies. We apply the ab initio No-Core Shell Model with Continuum (NCSMC) to the proton capture on $^{7}$ Li. The NCSMC describes both bound and unbound states in light nuclei in a unified way with chiral two- and three-nucleon interactions as the only input. We investigate the structure of $^{8}$ Be, the $p +^{7}$ Li elastic scattering, the $^{7}$ Li( $p, γ$ ) $^{8}$ Be cross section and the internal pair creation $^{7}$ Li( $p, e^{+} e^{-}$ ) $^{8}$ Be. We discuss the impact of a proper treatment of the initial scattering state on the electron-positron angular correlation spectrum and compare our results to available ATOMKI data sets. Finally, we calculate $^{7}$ Li( $p, X$ ) $^{8}$ Be cross sections for several proposed models of the hypothetical X17 particle.
↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2024)·11 citations
32*
Charged-current quasielastic neutrino scattering from $^{12}$ C in an extended superscaling model with two-nucleon emission
V. L. Martinez-Consentino🇪🇸 · J.E. Amaro🇪🇸
The quasielastic cross-section of charged-current neutrino and antineutrino scattering on $^{12}$ C is calculated using an improved superscaling model with relativistic effective mass. Our model encompasses two-particle emission induced by neutrinos, which we distinguish into two contributions. The first contribution arises from meson-exchange currents, and its calculation is performed at a microscopic level. The second contribution is phenomenological and extracted from the high-energy tail of the scaling function, assumed to be produced by 2p2h mechanisms where the one-body current plays a role, such as short-range correlations and interferences with MEC, final-state interaction, etc. The model explicitly includes the modification of the relativistic effective mass of the nucleon within the relativistic mean field model of nuclear matter. The meson exchange currents are also consistently calculated within the same model. With this model, we present predictions for the neutrino and antineutrino cross sections of $^{12}$ C that have been measured in accelerator experiments.
↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2023)·13 citations
33*
Establishing connection between neutron star properties and nuclear matter parameters through a comprehensive multivariate analysis
N. K. Patra🇮🇳 · Prafulla Saxena🇮🇳 · B. K. Agrawal🇮🇳 · T. K. Jha🇮🇳
We have attempted to mitigate the challenge of connecting the neutron star (NS) properties with the nuclear matter parameters that describe equations of state (EoSs). The efforts to correlate various neutron star properties with individual nuclear matter parameters have been inconclusive. A Principal Component Analysis is employed as a tool to uncover the connection between multiple nuclear matter parameters and the tidal deformability as well as the radius of neutron stars within the mass range of $1.2 - 1.8 M_{⊙}$ . The essential EOSs for neutron star matter at low densities have been derived using both uncorrelated uniform distributions and minimally constrained joint posterior distributions of nuclear matter parameters. For higher densities ( $ρ > 0.32$ fm $^{- 3}$ ), the EOSs have been established through a suitable parameterization of the speed of sound, which consistently maintains causality and gradually approaches the conformal limit. Our analysis reveals that in order to account for over 90\% of the variability in NS properties, it is crucial to consider two or more principal components, emphasizing the significance of employing multivariate analysis. To explain the variability in tidal deformability needs a greater number of principal components compared to those for the radius at a given NS mass. The contributions from iso-vector nuclear matter parameters to the tidal deformability and radius of NS decrease by $\sim$ 25\% with the increase in mass of NS from 1.2 $M_{⊙}$ to 1.8 $M_{⊙}$ .
↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·14 citations
34*
Quark-hadron pasta phase in neutron stars: the role of medium-dependent surface and curvature tensions
Mauro Mariani🇦🇷 · Germán Lugones🇧🇷
We investigate the properties of the hadron-quark mixed phase, often termed the \textit{pasta} phase, expected to exist in the cores of massive neutron stars. To construct the equations of state (EoS), we combine an analytical representation based on the APR EoS for hadronic matter with the MIT bag model featuring vector interactions for quark matter. For modeling the mixed phase, we utilize the compressible liquid drop model that consistently accounts for finite-size and Coulomb effects. Unlike most previous analyses that treated surface tension as a constant free parameter and neglected curvature tension, we employ microphysical calculations using the multiple reflection expansion formalism to determine these parameters, while also ensuring their self-consistency with the EoS. We construct an extensive set of mixed hybrid EoSs by varying model parameters, solve the stellar structure equations to obtain neutron star mass-radius relationships, and select the models that satisfy current astrophysical constraints. Our findings closely align with calculations using a constant surface tension in terms of EoS stiffness and resulting stellar structure. However, they reveal significant differences in the types of geometric structures and their prevalence ranges within the mixed phase. Specifically, curvature effects enhance the emergence of tubes and bubbles at high densities despite the large value of surface tension, while suppressing the existence of drops and rods at low densities.
↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2024)·16 citations
35*
Momentum dependence of $ϕ$ meson's spin alignment
Xin-Li Sheng🇮🇹 · Shi Pu🇨🇳 · Qun Wang🇨🇳
We study the rapidity and azimuthal angle dependences of the global spin alignment $ρ_{00}$ for $ϕ$ mesons with respect to the reaction plane in Au+Au collisions at RHIC by the relativistic coalescence model in the spin transport theory. The global spin alignment of $ϕ$ mesons arises from local fluctuations of strong force fields whose values are extracted from the STAR's data. The calculated results show that $ρ_{00} < 1/3$ at the rapidity $Y = 0$ , and then it increases with rapidity and becomes $ρ_{00} > 1/3$ at $Y = 1$ . Such a rapidity dependence is dominated by the relative motion of the $ϕ$ meson in the bulk matter. We also give prediction for the azimuthal angle dependence of $ρ_{00}$ at different rapidities.
↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2023)·47 citations
36*
Charm balance function in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
Tribhuban Parida🇮🇳 · Piotr Bozek🇵🇱 · Sandeep Chatterjee🇮🇳
We calculate the balance function for charm in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The distribution of pairs of charm-anticharm quarks produced in hard processes in the early stages of the nucleus-nucleus collision evolves in the dense fireball formed in the collision. The evolution of the dense matter is described using a relativistic viscous hydrodynamic model and the quark diffusion with a Langevin equation. The evolution of the charm quark balance function from the formation of the charm-anticharm pair up to the freeze-out traces the partial thermalization of the heavy quarks in the dense matter. For the balance function in azimuthal angle we reproduce the collimation effect due to the transverse flow. The evolution in rapidity shows the thermalization of the longitudinal velocity of the quark in the fluid. We provide predictions for the one and two-dimensional balance functions for $D^{0}$ - $D^{0} ˉ$ mesons produced in ultarelativistic Pb+Pb collisions at $s_{N N} = 5.02$ TeV. The shape of the charm balance function in relative rapidity is sensitive to the rescattering of heavy quarks in the early stages of the collision, while the shape of the balance function in azimuthal angle is sensitive to the rescattering in the latter stages.
↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2024)·7 citations
37*
New covariant density functionals of nuclear matter for compact star simulations
Jia Jie Li (SWU, Chongqing)🇨🇳 · Armen Sedrakian (FIAS, Frankfurt and U. Wroclaw)🇩🇪
We generate three families of extended covariant density functionals of nuclear matter that have varying slope of symmetry energy and skewness at nuclear saturation density, but otherwise share the same basic parameters (symmetry energy, compressibility, saturation parameters, etc.) with the standard DDME2, DD2, and MPE functionals. Tables of the parameters of these new density functionals are given, which can be straightforwardly used in DDME2, DD2, and MPE parameterization-based codes. Furthermore, we provide tables of a large number of equations of state (81 for each family) that can be used in astrophysical simulations to assess the impact of variations of not-well-known slope of symmetry energy and skewness of nuclear systems on the astrophysics of compact objects. We also provide tables of computed integral parameters (mass, radius, and tidal deformability) that can be used, e.g., for modeling gravitational waveforms. Finally, for the extended DDME2-based parameterization, we implement a first-order phase transition to quark matter to obtain a family of equations of state that accommodates a phase transition to quark matter. Analogous tables of the equations of state and integral parameters are provided for this case as well.
↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2023)·21 citations
38*
Accretion onto Oscillating Cosmic String Loops
Hao Jiao🇨🇦 · Bryce Cyr🇬🇧 · Robert Brandenberger🇨🇦
Cosmic string loops are non-linear density fluctuations which form in the early universe and could play an important role in explaining many phenomena which are in tension with the standard $Λ$ CDM model. Hence, the details of the accretion process onto cosmic string loops should be studied in detail. Most previous works view loops as point masses and ignore the impact of a finite loop size. In this work, we utilize the Zel'dovich approximation to calculate the non-linear mass sourced by a static extended loop with a time-averaged density profile derived from the trajectory of the loop oscillation, and compare the result with what is obtained for a point-mass source. We find that the finite size of a loop mainly affects the evolution of turnaround shells during the early stages of accretion, converging to the point mass result after a critical redshift, $z_{c}^{(I I) / (I I I)}$ . For $z > z_{c}^{(I I) / (I I I)}$ , the total accreted mass surrounding a loop is suppressed relative to the point mass case and has a growth rate proportional to $(1 + z)^{- 3/2}$ . As an immediate extension, we also qualitatively analyse the accretion onto moving point masses and onto moving extended loops. In addition to the reduction in the nonlinear mass, the loop finite size also changes the shape of the turnaround surface at early stages of accretion.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·3 citations
39*
Chiral and flavor oscillations in a hyperentangled neutrino state
Victor Bittencourt🇫🇷 · Massimo Blasone🇮🇹 · Gennaro Zanfardino🇮🇹
In addition to flavor oscillations, Dirac neutrinos also undergo the so-called chiral oscillations, a consequence of the free-particle dynamics under the Dirac equation. Such a transition between different chiralities affect the flavor transitions, but also can generate non-trivial correlations between the internal degrees of freedom of the particle. In this paper, we show that the state of a massive oscillating neutrino produced by weak interaction process, is an hyperentangled state, in which flavor, chirality, and spin exhibit non-trivial correlations. Using complete complementarity relations, we show that both chiral and flavor oscillations redistribute correlations and coherence in time among different partitions of the system. In a similar way, we consider a spin entangled lepton-antineutrino pair and show that there is a dynamical redistribution of spin-spin entanglement into correlations and coherence between the other degrees-of-freedom. Our analysis provides a complete characterization of the quantum correlations involved in lepton-antineutrino pairs and in single particle neutrino evolution, and provides a further insight on possible routes to interpret and measure chiral oscillations.
↳ quant-phhep-phPhys.Scripta(2024)·5 citations
40*
Revisiting the Wu-Yang approach to magnetic charge
Siva Mythili Gonuguntla🇺🇸 · Douglas Singleton🇺🇸
The Wu-Yang fiber bundle approach to magnetic charge is extended with a disk-like sheet current density and associated magnetic field in the overlap region between the Northern hemisphere and Southern hemisphere, where the different vector potentials connect. This disk magnetic field plays a role similar to the Dirac string in the Dirac approach to magnetic charge - it brings an inward magnetic flux of $4 π g$ which then gives rise to an outward Coulomb magnetic flux of $4 π g$ . As with the Dirac string approach we show that placing an electric charge near this disk magnetic field gives rise to a non-zero electromagnetic field momentum. We discuss some of the possible physical consequences of this electromagnetic field momentum. We conclude by showing that the non-singular, but non-single valued Banderet monopole potential also has a disk-like magnetic flux and non-zero electromagnetic field momentum in the presence of an electric charge.
↳ hep-thhep-phAnnals Phys.(2024)·5 citations
41*
Correlation analysis of gravitational waves and neutrino signals to constrain neutrino flavor conversion in core-collapse supernova
Hiroki Nagakura🇯🇵 · David Vartanyan🇺🇸
Recent multi-dimensional (multi-D) core-collapse supernova (CCSN) simulations characterize gravitational waves (GWs) and neutrino signals, offering insight into universal properties of CCSN independent of progenitor. Neutrino analysis in real observations, however, will be complicated due to the ambiguity of self-induced neutrino flavor conversion (NFC), which poses an obstacle to extracting detailed physical information. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to place a constraint on NFC from observed quantities of GWs and neutrinos based on correlation analysis from recent, detailed multi-D CCSN simulations. The proposed method can be used even in cases with low significance - or no detection of GWs. We also discuss how we can utilize electro-magnetic observations to complement the proposed method. Although our proposed method has uncertainties associated with CCSN modeling, the present result will serve as a base for more detailed studies. Reducing the systematic errors involved in CCSN models is a key to success in this multi-messenger analysis that needs to be done in collaboration with different theoretical groups.
↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·5 citations
42*
Basic characteristics of neutrino flavor conversions in the post-shock regions of core-collapse supernova
Hiroki Nagakura🇯🇵 · Masamichi Zaizen🇯🇵
One of the active debates in core-collapse supernova (CCSN) theory is how significantly neutrino flavor conversions induced by neutrino-neutrino self-interactions change the conventional picture of CCSN dynamics. Recent studies have indicated that strong flavor conversions can occur inside neutrino spheres where neutrinos are tightly coupled to matter. These flavor conversions are associated with either collisional instability or fast neutrino-flavor conversion (FFC) or both. The impact of these flavor conversions on CCSN dynamics is, however, still highly uncertain due to the lack of global simulations of quantum kinetic neutrino transport with appropriate microphysical inputs. Given fluid profiles from a recent CCSN model at three different time snapshots in the early post-bounce phase, we perform global quantum kinetic simulations in spherical symmetry with an essential set of microphysics. We find that strong flavor conversions occur in optically thick regions, resulting in a substantial change of neutrino radiation field. The neutrino heating in the gain region is smaller than the case with no flavor conversions, whereas the neutrino cooling in the optically thick region is commonly enhanced. Based on the neutrino data obtained from our multi-angle neutrino transport simulations, we also assess some representative classical closure relations by applying them to diagonal components of density matrix of neutrinos. We find that Eddington tensors can be well approximated by these closure relations except for the region where flavor conversions occur vividly. We also analyze the neutrino signal by carrying out detector simulations for Super-Kamiokande, DUNE, and JUNO. We propose a useful strategy to identify the sign of flavor conversions in neutrino signal, that can be easily implemented in real data analyses of CCSN neutrinos.
↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·45 citations
43*
Nonanalyticity and On-Shell Factorization of Inflation Correlators at All Loop Orders
Zhehan Qin🇨🇳 · Zhong-Zhi Xianyu🇨🇳
The dynamics of quantum fields during cosmic inflation can be probed via their late-time boundary correlators. The analytic structure of these boundary correlators contains rich physical information of bulk dynamics, and is also closely related to cosmological collider observables. In this work, we study a particular type of nonanalytic behavior, called nonlocal signals, for inflation correlators with massive exchanges at arbitrary loop orders. We propose a signal-detection algorithm to identify all possible sources of nonlocal signals in an arbitrary loop graph, and prove that the algorithm is exhaustive. We then present several versions of the on-shell factorization theorem for the leading nonlocal signal in graphs with arbitrary number of loops, and provide the explicit analytical expression for the leading nonlocal signal. We also generalize the nonlocal-signal cutting rule to arbitrary loop graphs. Finally, we provide many explicit examples to demonstrate the use of our results, including an n-loop melon graph and a variety of 2-loop graphs.
↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phJHEP(2024)·37 citations
44*
Eigenstate Thermalization in 2+1 dimensional SU(2) Lattice Gauge Theory
Lukas Ebner🇩🇪 · Berndt Müller🇺🇸 · Andreas Schäfer🇩🇪 · Clemens Seidl🇩🇪 · Xiaojun Yao🇺🇸
We present preliminary numerical evidence for the hypothesis that the Hamiltonian SU(2) gauge theory discretized on a lattice obeys the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). To do so we study three approximations: (a) a linear plaquette chain in a reduced Hilbert space limiting the electric field basis to $j = 0, \frac{1}{2}$ , (b) a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice with periodic or closed boundary condition and the same Hilbert space constraint, and (c) a chain of only three plaquettes but such a sufficiently large electric field Hilbert space ( $j \leq \frac{7}{2})$ that convergence of all energy eigenvalues in the analyzed energy window is observed. While an unconstrained Hilbert space is required to reach the continuum limit of SU(2) gauge theory, numerical resource constraints do not permit us to realize this requirement for all values of the coupling constant and large lattices. In each of the three studied cases we check first for random matrix theory (RMT) behavior in the eigenenergy spectrum and then analyze the diagonal as well as the off-diagonal matrix elements between energy eigenstates for a few operators. Within current uncertainties all results for (a), (b) and (c) agree with ETH predictions. Furthermore, we find the off-diagonal matrix elements of the electric energy operator exhibit RMT behavior in frequency windows that are small enough in (b) and (c). To unambiguously establish ETH behavior and determine for which class of operators it applies, an extension of our investigations is necessary.
↳ hep-latcond-mat.stat-mechcond-mat.str-elhep-ph+2PRD(2024)·44 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.