Wed·Aug 2, 2023Wednesday·August 2, 2023

1. 01*

   Study of the azimuthal asymmetry in heavy ion collisions combining initial state momentum orientation and final state collective effects

   Lucas Soster Moriggi🇧🇷 · Érison dos Santos Rocha🇧🇷 · Magno Valério Trindade Machado🇧🇷

   In the present work we investigate the source of azimuthal asymmetry for nuclear collision using a model that contemplates particles produced in the initial hard collisions and the collective effects described by a Blast-Wave like expansion. The latter is described by the relaxation time approximation of the Boltzmann transport equation. The parameters regarding collective flow and asymmetry are fitted by the experimental data from $p_T$ spectrum and $v_2$ for PbPb and XeXe collisions at different centrality classes. As a by-product the ratio of final elliptic flow with the initial anisotropy, $v_2/{ϵ}_2$, and the average transverse momentum are predicted.

   hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·4 citations
2. 02*

   Next-to-leading power resummed rapidity distributions near threshold for Drell-Yan and diphoton production

   Robin van Bijleveld🇳🇱 · Eric Laenen🇳🇱 · Leonardo Vernazza🇮🇹 · Guoxing Wang🇳🇱

   We consider Drell-Yan production and QCD-induced diphoton production and compute their rapidity distributions up to next-to-leading power (NLP) in the threshold variable. We give results for rapidity distributions of the Drell-Yan process up to NNLO accuracy and show that a factorised structure occurs for the leading logarithms (LL) at NLP, generalising the result at leading power. For diphoton production, we generalise methods based on kinematical shifts to find the NLO cross section up to NLP for rapidity distributions. From the results for these two processes, we derive resummed cross sections at NLP LL accuracy that are double differential in the threshold variable and the rapidity variable, which generalise results for single differential resummed cross sections.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·5 citations
3. 03*

   Dark Matter scattering in low threshold detectors

   Simon Knapen🇺🇸

   The scattering of sub-GeV dark matter in direct detection experiments happens at characteristic wavelengths comparable or larger than the interparticle spacing. Collective effects in the target material must therefore be accounted for when calculating the scattering rate. For dark matter-nucleon couplings, this implies matching onto the appropriate phonon effective theory and calculating single and multi-phonon scattering amplitudes. For dark matter-electron couplings, we make use of the energy loss formalism to predict the scattering rate. Combining both techniques allows us to derive a formula for the Migdal effect in crystals, which differs from prior calculations performed in atomic systems.

   hep-ph0 citations
4. 04*

   Absorption of Fermionic Dark Matter via the Scalar Portal

   Peter Cox🇦🇺 · Matthew J. Dolan🇦🇺 · Joshua Wood🇦🇺

   The absorption of fermionic dark matter has recently been studied as a signature for the direct detection of dark matter. We construct the first UV completion of the scalar effective operator associated with this signature. We calculate the constraints on the model and demonstrate there is viable parameter space which can be probed by a next-generation experiment such as XLZD. We also consider the cosmological history of our model and show that the correct relic abundance can be obtained via freeze-out in the dark sector. However, within this minimal model, we find that the absorption signal is highly suppressed in the parameter space that yields the correct relic abundance.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·5 citations
5. 05*

   Inclusive, prompt and non-prompt $\mathrm{J}/\psi$ identification in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider using machine learning

   Suraj Prasad🇮🇳 · Neelkamal Mallick🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳

   Studies related to $\mathrm{J}/\psi$ meson, a bound state of charm and anti-charm quarks ($c\bar{c}$), in heavy-ion collisions, provide genuine testing grounds for the theory of strong interaction, quantum chromodynamics (QCD). To better understand the underlying production mechanism, cold nuclear matter effects, and influence from the quark-gluon plasma, baseline measurements are also performed in proton-proton ($pp$) and proton-nucleus ($p$--A) collisions. The inclusive $\mathrm{J}/\psi$ measurement has contributions from both prompt and non-prompt productions. The prompt $\mathrm{J}/\psi$ is produced directly from the hadronic interactions or via feed-down from directly produced higher charmonium states, whereas non-prompt $\mathrm{J}/\psi$ comes from the decay of beauty hadrons. In experiments, $\mathrm{J}/\psi$ is reconstructed through its electromagnetic decays to lepton pairs, in either $e^{+}+e^{-}$ or ${\mu }^{+}+{\mu }^{-}$ decay channels. In this work, for the first time, machine learning techniques are implemented to separate the prompt and non-prompt dimuon pairs from the background to obtain a better identification of the $\mathrm{J}/\psi$ signal for different production modes. The study has been performed in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ and 13 TeV simulated using PYTHIA8. Machine learning models such as XGBoost and LightGBM are explored. The models could achieve up to 99\% prediction accuracy. The transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) and rapidity ($y$) differential measurements of inclusive, prompt, and non-prompt $\mathrm{J}/\psi$, its multiplicity dependence, and the $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ dependence of fraction of non-prompt $\mathrm{J}/\psi$ ($f_{\mathrm{B}}$) are shown. These results are compared to experimental findings wherever possible.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2024)·17 citations
6. 06*

   Gravitational wave effects and phenomenology of a two-component dark matter model

   Mojtaba Hosseini🇮🇷 · Seyed Yaser Ayazi🇮🇷 · Ahmad Mohamadnejad🇮🇷

   We study an extension of the Standard Model (SM) which could have two candidates for dark matter (DM) including a Dirac fermion and a vector dark matter (VDM) under a new $U(1)$ gauge group in the hidden sector. The model is classically scale-invariant and the electroweak symmetry breaks because of loop effects. We investigate the parameter space allowed by current experimental constraints and phenomenological bounds. We probe the parameter space of the model in the mass range $1<M_V<5000$ GeV and $1<M_{\psi }<5000$ GeV. It has been shown that there are many points in this mass range that are in agreement with all phenomenological constraints. The electroweak phase transition has been discussed and it has been shown that there is region in the parameter space of the model consistent with DM relic density and direct detection constraints that, at the same time, can lead to first order electroweak phase transition. The gravitational waves produced during the phase transition could be probed by future space-based interferometers such as LISA and BBO.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·14 citations
7. 07*

   Probing proton structure with $c\bar{c}$ correlations in ultraperipheral $pA$ collisions

   Barbara Linek🇵🇱 · Agnieszka Łuszczak🇵🇱 · Marta Łuszczak🇵🇱 · Roman Pasechnik🇸🇪 · Wolfgang Schäfer🇵🇱 · Antoni Szczurek🇵🇱

   We study the exclusive diffractive $c\bar{c}$ photoproduction in ultraperipheral $pA$ collisions. The formalism makes use of off-diagonal generalizations of the unintegrated gluon distribution, the so-called generalized transverse momentum dependent distributions (GTMDs). We present two different formulations. The first one is based directly on gluon GTMD parametrizations in momentum space. Another option is the calculation of the GTMD as a Fourier transform of the dipole-nucleon scattering amplitude $N(Y,{\vec{r}}_{\perp },{\vec{b}}_{\perp })$. The latter approach requires some extra regularization discussed in the paper. Different dipole amplitudes from the literature are used. Compared to previous calculations in the literature, we integrate over the full phase space and therefore cross sections for realistic conditions are obtained. We present distributions in rapidity of $c$ or $\bar{c}$, transverse momentum of the $c\bar{c}$ pair, four-momentum transfer squared as well as the azimuthal correlation between a sum and a difference of the $c$ and $\bar{c}$ transverse momenta. The azimuthal correlations are partially due to the so-called elliptic gluon Wigner distribution. Different models lead to different modulations in the azimuthal angle. The modulations are generally smaller than 5%. They depend on the range of transverse momentum selected for the calculation.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·11 citations
8. 08*

   Updated Trends in Neutrino-induced hadron production

   Rashi Sharma🇺🇸 · R. Aggarwal🇮🇳 · M. Kaur🇮🇳

   With four different type of neutrino-induced interactions, we considered to investigate and reanalyse the KNO scaling in modified multiplicity distributions from a different perspective. In an attempt of first of its kind, we propose alternate fitting function to parameterise the distribution than the most widely adopted Slattery's function and compare it with yet another form. We propose the shifted Gompertz and Weibull functions as the fitting functions and compare their potency for the most conventional form of Slattery's function. In addition the analysis of the data by evaluating the central moments and factorial moments, we show the dependence of moments on the target size.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·0 citations
9. 09*

   Shrinking the Warm Little Inflaton

   Paulo B. Ferraz🇵🇹 · João G. Rosa🇵🇹

   We show that warm inflation can be successfully realized in the high temperature regime through dissipative interactions between the inflaton and a single fermionic degree of freedom, provided that the latter's mass is an oscillatory function of the inflaton field value. We demonstrate, in particular, that despite the consequent large amplitude oscillations of the eta slow-roll parameter, their effect is, on average, sufficiently suppressed to allow for a slow-roll trajectory. In addition, we demonstrate that, even though this also induces a parametric resonance that amplifies inflaton perturbations, this has a negligible effect on CMB scales in the relevant parametric range. Hence, the "Warm Little Inflaton" scenario can be realized with one less fermionic degree of freedom and no need of imposing an additional discrete interchange symmetry.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJHEP(2023)·7 citations
10. 10*

    Study on the possible molecular states composed of ${\Lambda }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ and ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ in the Bethe-Salpeter frame based on the pentaquark states $P_c(4440)$, $P_c(4457)$ and $P_{cs}(4459)$

    Hong-Wei Ke🇨🇳 · Fang Lu🇨🇳 · Hai Pang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Hai Liu🇨🇳 · Xue-Qian Li🇨🇳

    The measurements on a few pentaquarks states $P_c(4440)$, $P_c(4457)$ and $P_{cs}(4459)$ excite our new interests about their structures. Since the masses of $P_c(4440)$ and $P_c(4457)$ are close to the threshold of ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, in the earlier works, they were regarded as molecular states of ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ with quantum numbers $I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{1}{2}}^{-})$ and $\frac{1}{2}({\frac{3}{2}}^{-})$, respectively. In a similar way $P_{cs}(4459)$ is naturally considered as a ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ bound state with $I=0$. Within the Bethe-Salpeter (B-S) framework we systematically study the possible bound states of ${\Lambda }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ and ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$. Our results indicate that ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ can form a bound state with $I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{1}{2}}^{-})$, which corresponds to $P_c(4440)$. However for the $I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{3}{2}}^{-})$ system the attraction between ${\Sigma }_c$ and ${\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ is too weak to constitute a molecule, so $P_c(4457)$ may not be a bound state of ${\Sigma }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ with $I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{3}{2}}^{-})$. As ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ and ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ systems we take into account of the mixing between ${\Xi }_c$ and ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }$ and the eigenstets should include two normal bound states ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ and ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ with $I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{1}{2}}^{-})$ and a loosely bound state ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ with $I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{3}{2}}^{-})$. The conclusion that two ${\Xi }_c{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ bound states exist, supports the suggestion that the observed peak of $P_{cs}(4459)$ may hide two states $P_{cs}(4455)$ and $P_{cs}(4468)$. Based on the computations we predict a bound state ${\Xi }_c^{\prime }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$ with $I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{1}{2}}^{-})$ but not that with $I(J^P)=\frac{1}{2}({\frac{3}{2}}^{-})$. Further more accurate experiments will test our approach and results.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2023)·8 citations
11. 11*

    Exploring robust correlations between fermionic dark matter model parameters and neutron star properties: A two-fluid perspective

    Prashant Thakur🇮🇳 · Tuhin Malik🇵🇹 · Arpan Das🇵🇱 · T. K. Jha🇮🇳 · Constança Providência🇵🇹

    The current observational properties of neutron stars have not definitively ruled out the possibility of dark matter. In this study, we primarily focus on exploring correlations between the dark matter model parameters and different neutron star properties using a rich set of EOSs. We adopt a two-fluid approach to calculate the properties of neutron stars. For the nuclear matter EOS, we employ several realistic EOS derived from the relativistic mean field model (RMF), each exhibiting varying stiffness and composition. In parallel, we look into the dark matter EOS, considering fermionic matter with repulsive interaction described by a relativistic mean field Lagrangian. A reasonable range of parameters is sampled meticulously. Interestingly, our results reveal a promising correlation between the dark matter model parameters and stellar properties, particularly when we ignore the uncertainties in the nuclear matter EOS. However, when introducing uncertainties in the nuclear sector, the correlation weakens, suggesting that the task of conclusively constraining any particular dark matter model might be challenging using global properties alone, such as mass, radius, and tidal deformability. Notably, we find that dark-matter admixed stars tend to have higher central baryonic density, potentially allowing for non-nucleonic degrees of freedom or direct Urca processes in stars with lower masses. There is also a tantalizing hint regarding the detection of stars with the same mass but different surface temperatures, which may indicate the presence of dark matter. With our robust and extensive dataset, we delve deeper and demonstrate that even in the presence of dark matter, the semi-universal C-Love relation remains intact.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-thPRD(2024)·54 citations
12. 12*

    Black Holes as Fermion Factories

    Yifan Chen🇩🇰 · Xiao Xue🇩🇪 · Vitor Cardoso🇩🇰

    Ultralight bosons near rotating black holes can undergo significant growth through superradiant energy extraction, potentially reaching field values close to the Planck scale and transforming black holes into effective transducers for these fields. The interaction between boson fields and fermions may lead to parametric production or Schwinger pair production of fermions, with efficiencies significantly exceeding those of perturbative decay processes. Additionally, the spatial gradients of scalar clouds and the electric components of vector clouds can accelerate fermions, resulting in observable fluxes. This study considers both Standard Model neutrinos and dark sector fermions, which could contribute to boosted dark matter. Energy loss due to fermion emissions can potentially quench the exponential growth of the cloud, leading to a saturated state. This dynamic provides a framework for establishing limits on boson-neutrino interactions, previously constrained by neutrino self-interaction considerations. In the saturation phase, boson clouds have the capacity to accelerate fermions to TeV energies, producing fluxes that surpass those from atmospheric neutrinos near black holes. These fluxes open new avenues for observations through high-energy neutrino detectors like IceCube, as well as through dark matter direct detection efforts focused on targeted black holes.

    hep-phastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEgr-qc+1JCAP(2025)·30 citations
13. 13*

    Energy Correlators Taking Charge

    Kyle Lee🇺🇸 · Ian Moult🇺🇸

    The confining transition from asymptotically free partons to hadrons remains one of the most mysterious aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics. With the wealth of high quality jet substructure data we can hope to gain new experimental insights into the details of its dynamics. Jet substructure has traditionally focused on correlations, $⟨\mathcal{E}(n_1)\mathcal{E}(n_2)\cdots \mathcal{E}(n_k)⟩$, in the energy flux of hadrons. However, significantly more information about the confinement transition is encoded in how energy is correlated between hadrons with different quantum numbers, for example electric charge. In this Letter we develop the field theoretic formalism to compute general correlations, $⟨{\mathcal{E}}_{R_1}(n_1){\mathcal{E}}_{R_2}(n_2)\cdots {\mathcal{E}}_{R_k}(n_k)⟩$, between the energy flux carried by hadrons with quantum numbers $R_i$, by introducing new universal non-perturbative functions, which we term joint track functions. Using this formalism we show that the strong interactions introduce enhanced small angle correlations between opposite-sign hadrons, relative to like-sign hadrons, identifiable as an enhanced scaling of $⟨{\mathcal{E}}_{+}(n_1){\mathcal{E}}_{-}(n_2)⟩$ relative to $⟨{\mathcal{E}}_{+}(n_1){\mathcal{E}}_{+}(n_2)⟩$. We are also able to compute the scaling of a $C$-odd three-point function, $⟨{\mathcal{E}}_{\mathcal{Q}}(n_1){\mathcal{E}}_{\mathcal{Q}}(n_2){\mathcal{E}}_{\mathcal{Q}}(n_3)⟩$. Our results greatly extend the class of systematically computable jet substructure observables, pushing perturbation theory deeper into the parton to hadron transition, and providing new observables to understand the dynamics of confinement.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-th58 citations
14. 14*

    A panorama of new-physics explanations to the MiniBooNE excess

    Asli M. Abdullahi🇺🇸 · Jaime Hoefken Zink🇮🇹 · Matheus Hostert🇨🇦 · Daniele Massaro🇮🇹 · Silvia Pascoli🇮🇹

    The MiniBooNE low-energy excess stands as an unexplained anomaly in short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. It has been shown that it can be explained in the context of dark sector models. Here, we provide an overview of the possible new-physics solutions based on electron, photon, and dilepton final states. We systematically discuss the various production mechanisms for dark particles in neutrino-nucleus scattering. Our main result is a comprehensive fit to the MiniBooNE energy spectrum in the parameter space of dark neutrino models, where short-lived heavy neutral leptons are produced in neutrino interactions and decay to $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ pairs inside the detector. For the first time, other experiments will be able to directly confirm or rule out dark neutrino interpretations of the MiniBooNE low-energy excess.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2025)·20 citations
15. 15*

    Phase transition during inflation and the gravitational wave signal at pulsar timing arrays

    Haipeng An🇨🇳 · Boye Su🇨🇳 · Hanwen Tai🇺🇸 · Lian-Tao Wang🇺🇸 · Chen Yang🇨🇳

    The gravitational wave (GW) signal offers a promising window into the dynamics of the early universe. The recent results from the pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) could be the first glimpse of such new physics. In particular, they could point to new details during inflation, which can not be probed by other means. We explore the possibility that the new results could come from the secondary GWs sourced by curvature perturbations, generated by a first-order phase transition during inflation. Based on the results of a field-theoretic lattice simulation of the phase transition process, we show that the GW signal generated through this mechanism can account for the new results from the PTAs. We analyze the spectral shape of the signal in detail. Future observations can use such information to distinguish the GW signal considered here from other possible sources.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·70 citations
16. 16*

    An SZ-Like Effect on Cosmological Gravitational Wave Backgrounds

    Tatsuya Daniel🇺🇸 · Marcell Howard🇺🇸 · Morgane König🇺🇸

    Cosmological gravitational wave backgrounds (CGWBs) are the conglomeration of unresolved gravitational wave signals from early Universe sources, which make them a promising tool for cosmologists. Because gravitons decouple from the cosmic plasma early on, one can consider interactions between gravitons and any particle species that were present in the very early Universe. We show that analogous to the cosmic microwave background, elastic scattering on any cosmological background will induce small distortions in its energy density spectrum. We then quantify the magnitude of these spin-dependent spectral distortions when attributed to the dark matter in the early Universe. Lastly, we give estimates for potentially measurable distortions on CGWBs due to gravitational scattering by primordial black holes.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2023)·3 citations
17. 17*

    Requiem to "Proof of Inflation" or Sourced Fluctuations in a Non-Singular Bounce

    Ido Ben-Dayan🇮🇱 · Udaykrishna Thattarampilly🇮🇱

    Popular wisdom suggests that measuring the tensor to scalar ratio $r$ on CMB scales is a "proof of inflation" since one generic prediction is a scale-invariant tensor spectrum while alternatives predict $r$ that is many orders of magnitude below the sensitivity of future experiments. A bouncing Universe with sourced fluctuations allows for nearly scale-invariant spectra of both scalar and tensor perturbations challenging this point of view. Past works have analyzed the model until the bounce, under the assumption that the bounce will not change the final predictions. In this work, we discard this assumption. We explicitly follow the evolution of the Universe and fluctuations across the bounce until reheating. The evolution is stable, and the existence of the sourced fluctuations does not destroy the bounce. The bounce enhances the scalar spectrum while leaving the tensor spectrum unchanged. The enhancement depends on the duration of the bounce - a shorter bounce implies a larger enhancement. The model matches current observations and predicts any viable tensor-to-scalar ratio $r\lesssim 10^{-2}$, which may be observed in upcoming CMB experiments. Hence, a measurement of $r$ will no longer be a "proof of inflation'', and a Sourced Bounce is a viable paradigm with distinct predictions.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2024)·8 citations
18. 18*

    Constraining decaying very heavy dark matter from galaxy clusters with 14 year Fermi-LAT data

    Deheng Song🇯🇵 · Kohta Murase🇺🇸 · Ali Kheirandish🇺🇸

    Galaxy clusters are promising targets for indirect detection of dark matter thanks to the large dark matter content. Using 14 years of Fermi-LAT data from seven nearby galaxy clusters, we obtain constraints on the lifetime of decaying very heavy dark matter particles with masses ranging from $10^3$ GeV to $10^{16}$ GeV. We consider a variety of decaying channels and calculate prompt gamma rays and electrons/positrons from the dark matter. Furthermore, we take into account electromagnetic cascades induced by the primary gamma rays and electrons/positrons, and search for the resulting gamma-ray signals from the directions of the galaxy clusters. We adopt a Navarro-Frenk-White profile of the dark matter halos, and use the profile likelihood method to set lower limits on the dark matter lifetime at a 95% confidence level. Our results are competitive with those obtained through other gamma-ray observations of galaxy clusters and provide complementary constraints to existing indirect searches for decaying very heavy dark matter.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2024)·26 citations
19. 19*

    Tensor Perturbations from Bounce Inflation Scenario in f(Q) Gravity

    Kun Hu🇨🇳 · Tanmoy Paul🇮🇳 · Taotao Qiu🇨🇳

    In this paper, we construct a bounce inflation cosmological scenario in the framework of the modified symmetric teleparallel gravity, namely f(Q) theory, and investigate the tensor perturbations therein. As is well-known, the tensor perturbations generated in the very early Universe (inflation and pre-inflation regions) can account for the primordial gravitational waves (PGWs) that are to be detected by the next generation of GW experiments. We discuss the stability condition of the tensor perturbations in the bounce inflation process and investigate in detail the evolution of the perturbation variable. The general form of the tensor power spectrum is obtained both for large as well as small scale modes. As a result, we show for both kinds of modes (short or long wavelength modes), and the tensor spectrum may get a positive tilt in the parametric range where the tensor perturbation proves to be stable -- this interestingly hints an enhancement of gravitational waves' amplitude in the background of the f(Q) bounce-inflation scenario. Moreover, we study the LQC-like scenario as a specific case of our model, in which, the primordial tensor power spectrum turns out to be nearly scale-invariant on both small and large scales.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phSCPMA(2024)·23 citations
20. 20*

    Lepton-Nucleus Interactions within Microscopic Approaches

    Alexis Nikolakopoulos🇺🇸 · Noah Steinberg🇺🇸 · Alessandro Lovato🇺🇸 · Noemi Rocco🇺🇸

    This review paper emphasizes the significance of microscopic calculations with quantified theoretical error estimates in studying lepton-nucleus interactions and their implications for electron-scattering and accelerator neutrino-oscillation measurements. We investigate two approaches: Green's Function Monte Carlo and the extended factorization scheme, utilizing realistic nuclear target spectral functions. In our study, we include relativistic effects in Green's Function Monte Carlo and validate the inclusive electron-scattering cross section on carbon using available data. We compare the flux folded cross sections for neutrino-Carbon scattering with T2K and MINER$\nu$A experiments, noting the substantial impact of relativistic effects in reducing the theoretical curve strength when compared to MINER$\nu$A data. Additionally, we demonstrate that quantum Monte Carlo-based spectral functions accurately reproduce the quasi-elastic region in electron-scattering data and T2K flux folded cross sections. By comparing results from Green's Function Monte Carlo and the spectral function approach, which share a similar initial target state description, we quantify errors associated with approximations in the factorization scheme and the relativistic treatment of kinematics in Green's Function Monte Carlo.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phUniverse(2023)·13 citations
21. 21*

    What's Done Cannot Be Undone: TASI Lectures on Non-Invertible Symmetries

    Shu-Heng Shao🇺🇸

    We survey recent developments in a novel kind of generalized global symmetry, the non-invertible symmetry, in diverse spacetime dimensions. We start with several different but related constructions of the non-invertible Kramers-Wannier duality symmetry in the Ising model, and conclude with a new interpretation for the neutral pion decay and other applications. These notes are based on lectures given at the TASI 2023 summer school "Aspects of Symmetry."

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.str-elhep-phmath.CT+1455 citations
22. 22*

    Supermassive Primordial Black Holes From Inflation

    Dan Hooper🇺🇸 · Aurora Ireland🇺🇸 · Gordan Krnjaic🇺🇸 · Albert Stebbins🇺🇸

    There is controversy surrounding the origin and evolution of our universe's largest supermassive black holes (SMBHs). In this study, we consider the possibility that some of these black holes formed from the direct collapse of primordial density perturbations. Since the mass of a primordial black hole is limited by the size of the cosmological horizon at the time of collapse, these SMBHs must form rather late, and are naively in conflict with constraints from CMB spectral distortions. These limits can be avoided, however, if the distribution of primordial curvature perturbations is highly non-Gaussian. After quantifying the departure from Gaussianity needed to evade these bounds, we explore a model of multi-field inflation -- a non-minimal, self-interacting curvaton model -- which has all the necessary ingredients to yield such dramatic non-Gaussianities. We leave the detailed model building and numerics to a future study, however, as our goal is to highlight the challenges associated with forming SMBHs from direct collapse and to identify features that a successful model would need to have. This study is particularly timely in light of recent observations of high-redshift massive galaxy candidates by the James Webb Space Telescope as well as evidence from the NANOGrav experiment for a stochastic gravitational wave background consistent with SMBH mergers.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.GAgr-qchep-phJCAP(2024)·55 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.