Wed·Jul 5, 2023Wednesday·July 5, 2023

1. 01*

   Minimal Inert Doublet Benchmark for Dark Matter and the Baryon Asymmetry

   María Dias Astros🇩🇪 · Sven Fabian🇩🇪 · Florian Goertz🇩🇪

   In this article we discuss a minimal extension of the Inert Doublet Model (IDM) with an effective $CP$-violating $D=6$ operator, involving the inert Higgs and weak gauge bosons, that can lift it to a fully realistic setup for creating the baryon asymmetry of the Universe (BAU). Avoiding the need to stick to an explicit completion, we investigate the potential of such an operator to give rise to the measured BAU during a multi-step electroweak phase transition (EWPhT) while sustaining a viable DM candidate in agreement with the measured relic abundance. We find that the explored extension of the IDM can account quantitatively for both DM and for baryogenesis and has quite unique virtues, as we will argue. It can thus serve as a benchmark for a minimal realistic extension of the SM that solves some of its shortcomings and could represent the low energy limit of a larger set of viable completions. After discussing the impact of a further class of operators that open the possibility for a larger mass splitting (enhancing the EWPhT) while generating the full relic abundance also for heavy inert-Higgs DM, we ultimately provide a quantitative evaluation of the induced lepton electric dipole moments in the minimal benchmark for the BAU. These arise here at the two-loop level and are therefore less problematic compared to the ones that emerge when inducing $CP$ violation via an operator involving the SM-like Higgs.

   hep-phJCAP(2024)·13 citations
2. 02*

   Sensitivities on the anomalous quartic $\gamma \gamma \gamma \gamma$ and $\gamma \gamma \gamma Z$ couplings at the CLIC

   E. Gurkanli🇹🇷

   It is essential to directly investigate the self-couplings of gauge bosons in the Standard Model (SM) due to its non-Abelian nature, as these couplings play a significant role in comprehending the gauge structure of the model. The discrepancies between the Standard Model's expectations and the measured value of gauge boson self-couplings would serve as strong evidence towards the existence of new physics phenomena that extend beyond the Standard Model. Such deviations could provide valuable insights into the nature of new physics and potentially lead to a deeper understanding of fundamental particles and their interactions. In this study, we examine the sensitivities of anomalous couplings associated with dimension-8 operators that affect the $\gamma \gamma \gamma \gamma$ and $Z\gamma \gamma \gamma$ quartic vertices. The study focuses on the process $e^{-}\gamma \to e^{-}\gamma \gamma$ with the incoming photon under Weizsäcker-Williams approximation at the stage-3 scenerio of Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) that is refer to a CoM energy of 3 TeV. Due to the CLIC options, we take into account the both unpolarized and $\mp 80\%$ polarized electron beam with the related integrated luminosities of $\mathcal{L}=5,4,1$ $\mathrm{a}{\mathrm{b}}^{-1}$ under the systematic uncertainties of ${\delta }_{sys}=0,3,5$. Obtained sensitivities on the anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs) for the process $e^{-}\gamma \to e^{-}\gamma \gamma$ at $\sqrt{s}=3$ TeV and various polarizations, are improved by a factor of 2-200 times better for the couplings $f_{T,j}/{\Lambda }^4$ compared with the experimental results.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·3 citations
3. 03*

   The alpha particle charge radius, the radion and the proton radius puzzle

   F. Dahia🇧🇷 · A.S.Lemos🇧🇷

   Recent measurements of the Lamb shift of muonic helium-4 ions were used to infer the alpha particle charge radius. The value found is compatible with the radius extracted from the analysis of the electron-helium scattering. Thus, the new spectroscopic data put additional empiric bounds on some free parameters of certain physics theories beyond the Standard Model. In this paper, we analyze the new data in the context of large extra-dimensional theories. Specifically, we calculate the influence of the radion, the scalar degree of freedom of the higher-dimensional gravity, on the energy difference between the 2S and 2P levels of this exotic atom. The radion field is related to fluctuations of the volume of the supplementary space, and, in comparison with the tensorial degrees of freedom, it couples to matter in a different way. Moreover, as some stabilization mechanism acts exclusively on the scalar degree of freedom, the tensor and scalar fields should be treated as phenomenologically independent quantities. Based on the spectroscopic data of muonic helium, we find constraints for the effective energy scale of the radion as a function of the alpha particle radius. Then, we discuss the implications of these new constraints on the proton radius puzzle.

   hep-phgr-qcphysics.atom-phEPJC(2024)·6 citations
4. 04*

   Fractionary Charged Particles Confronting Lepton Flavor Violation and the Muon's Anomalous Magnetic Moment

   Elmer Ramirez Barreto🇵🇪 · Alex G. Dias🇧🇷

   In light of the recent result published by the Fermilab Muon $(g-2)$ experiment, we investigate a simple model that includes particles of fractional electric charges: a colour-singlet fermion and a scalar with charges $2/3e$ and $1/3e$, respectively. The impact of these particles on the anomalous muon's magnetic moment is examined, particularly the restrictions on their Yukawa couplings with the light leptons. Given that lepton flavor violation processes impose stringent constraints on certain scenarios beyond the Standard Model, we asses the one-loop contribution of the new particles to $(g-2)$ in order to identify regions in the parameter space consistent with the Fermilab results and compatible with the current and projected limits on the branching ratio $Br(\mu \to e\gamma )$. Taking into account the current lower bound for the masses of fractionary charged particles, which is around 634 GeV, we show that the mass of the scalar particle with fractional charge must exceed 1 TeV. In particular, we present some estimatives for double production of the colour-singlet fermion at the 14 TeV LHC. Finally, we also study the validity of our model in light of the QCD lattice results on the muon $(g-2)$.

   hep-phhep-exMod.Phys.Lett.A(2024)·1 citation
5. 05*

   Fermion Hierarchies in $SU(5)$ Grand Unification from ${\Gamma }_6^{\prime }$ Modular Flavor Symmetry

   Yoshihiko Abe🇺🇸 · Tetsutaro Higaki🇯🇵 · Junichiro Kawamura🇰🇷 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵

   We construct a model in which the hierarchies of the quark and lepton masses and mixing are explained by the ${\Gamma }_6^{\prime }$ modular flavor symmetry. The hierarchies are realized by the Froggatt-Nielsen-like mechanism due to the residual $Z_6^T$ symmetry, approximately unbroken at $\tau \sim i\infty .$ We argue that the ${\Gamma }_6^{(\prime )}$ symmetry is the minimal possibility to realize the up-type quark mass hierarchies, since the Yukawa matrix is symmetric. We find a combination of the representations and modular weights and then show numerical values of $\mathcal{O}(1)$ coefficients for the realistic fermion hierarchies.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·25 citations
6. 06*

   Exploring the higher-order QED effects on the differential distributions of Breit-Wheeler process in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

   Xinbai. Li🇨🇳 · Jiaxuan. Luo🇨🇳 · Zebo. Tang🇨🇳 · Xin. Wu🇨🇳 · Wangmei. Zha🇨🇳

   Extensive studies have been conducted in the past few decades to investigate potential signatures of higher-order QED effects in high-energy electromagnetic scattering processes. In our previous work, we have identified evidence of higher-order corrections in the total cross-section for the Breit-Wheeler process in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. However, the presence of higher-order QED corrections cannot be unambiguously proven solely based on total cross-section measurements due to substantial experimental and theoretical uncertainties. The objective of this paper is to explore the sensitivity of specific differential observables in the Breit-Wheeler process to higher-order QED effects in high-energy heavy-ion collisions. These investigations will provide guidance in determining the presence or absence of higher-order QED processes by conducting precise measurements in future experiments.

   hep-phPLB(2023)·6 citations
7. 07*

   Collider physics with no PDFs

   Tuomas Lappi🇫🇮 · Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · Hannu Paukkunen🇫🇮 · Mirja Tevio🇫🇮

   Measurements of Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) provide a powerful tool to probe the fundamental structure of protons and other nuclei. The DIS cross sections can be expressed in terms of structure functions which are conventionally expressed in terms of parton distribution functions (PDFs) that obey the DGLAP evolution equations. However, it is also possible to formulate the DGLAP evolution directly in terms of measurable DIS structure functions entirely sidestepping the need for introducing PDFs. We call this as the physical-basis approach. In a global analysis one would thereby directly parametrize the (observable) structure functions -- not the (unobservable) PDFs. Ideally, with data constraints at fixed $Q^2$, the initial condition for the evolution would be the same at each perturbative order (unlike for PDFs) and the approach thus provides a more clean test of the QCD dynamics. We first study a physical basis consisting of the structure functions $F_2$ and $F_{\mathrm{L}}$ in the fixed-flavour number scheme to the leading non-zero order in ${\alpha }_s$. We show how to express the quark singlet and gluon PDFs in terms of $F_2$ and $F_{\mathrm{L}}$ directly in momentum space which then leads to the DGLAP evolution of the structure functions $F_2$ and $F_{\mathrm{L}}$. In the second step we expand the physical basis to include six independent structure functions, which allows for a consistent global analysis. The steps towards NLO accuracy and the variable-flavour-number scheme are outlined. At NLO accuracy (when the scheme dependence of PDFs starts to play a part), we can take advatage of the physical basis and express e.g. the Drell-Yan cross sections at the LHC directly in terms of measurable DIS structure functions and thus without the scheme dependence.

   hep-phnucl-th1 citation
8. 08*

   Testing Complex Singlet Scalar Cosmology at the Large Hadron Collider

   Wenxing Zhang🇨🇳 · Yizhou Cai🇨🇳 · Michael J. Ramsey-Musolf🇨🇳 · Lei Zhang🇨🇳

   The Standard Model extended with a complex singlet scalar (cxSM) can admit a strong first order electroweak phase transition (SFOEWPT) as needed for electroweak baryogenesis and provide a dark matter (DM) candidate. The presence of both a DM candidate and a singlet-like scalar that mixes with the Standard Model Higgs boson leads to the possibility of a $b\bar{b}+\text{MET}$ final state in $pp$ collisions. Focusing on this channel, we analyze the prospective reach at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for a heavy singlet-like scalar in regions of cxSM parameter space compatible with a SFOEWT and DM phenomenology. We identify this parameter space while implementing current constraints from electroweak precision observable and Higgs boson property measurements as well as those implied by LHC heavy resonance searches.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·12 citations
9. 09*

   Relations between basis sets of fields in the renormalization procedure

   Simonas Draukšas🇱🇹

   It seems that the literature suggests to go in two opposing directions simultaneously. On the one hand, many papers construct basis-independent quantities, since exactly these quantities appear in the expressions for observables. This means that the mixing angles such as $\tan \beta$ in the Two Higgs Doublet Model must drop out when calculating anything physical. On the other hand, there are many attempts to renormalize such mixing angles -- this is in the opposite direction to basis-independence. This basis-dependent approach seems to bring gauge-dependence and singular behaviour, both of which are required to be absent in mixing renormalization. Most importantly, mixing angle counterterms single out a preferred basis and further basis rotations lead to inconsistencies. In contrast, we argue that the bare mixing angles should be identified with the renormalized ones -- this is the basis-independent approach -- such that all the mixing renormalization requirements are fulfilled in a trivial and consistent manner.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·1 citation
10. 10*

    Holographic baryons, dense matter and neutron star mergers

    Matti Jarvinen🇰🇷

    The gauge/gravity duality, combined with information from lattice QCD, nuclear theory, and perturbative QCD, can be used to constrain the equation of state of hot and dense QCD. I discuss an approach based on the holographic V-QCD model. I start by reviewing the results from the construction of the V-QCD baryon as a soliton of the gauge fields in the model. Then I discuss implementing nuclear matter in the model by using a homogeneous approach. The model predicts a strongly first order phase transition from nuclear to quark matter with a critical endpoint. By using the model in state-of-the-art simulations of neutron star binaries with parameters consistent with GW170817, I study the formation of quark matter during the merger process.

    hep-phnucl-thJHAP(2023)·4 citations
11. 11*

    On evolution kernels of twist-two operators

    Yao Ji🇩🇪 · Alexander Manashov🇩🇪 · Sven-Olaf Moch🇩🇪

    The evolution kernels that govern the scale dependence of the generalized parton distributions are invariant under transformations of the $\mathrm{SL}(2,\mathrm{R})$ collinear subgroup of the conformal group. Beyond one loop the symmetry generators, due to quantum effects, differ from the canonical ones. We construct the transformation which brings the {\it full} symmetry generators back to their canonical form and show that the eigenvalues (anomalous dimensions) of the new, canonically invariant, evolution kernel coincide with the so-called parity respecting anomalous dimensions. We develop an efficient method that allows one to restore an invariant kernel from the corresponding anomalous dimensions. As an example, the explicit expressions for NNLO invariant kernels for the twist two flavor-nonsinglet operators in QCD and for the planar part of the universal anomalous dimension in $N=4$ SYM are presented.

    hep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·10 citations
12. 12*

    Quantum simulation of in-medium QCD jets: momentum broadening, gluon production, and entropy growth

    João Barata🇺🇸 · Xiaojian Du🇪🇸 · Meijian Li🇪🇸 · Wenyang Qian🇪🇸 · Carlos A. Salgado🇪🇸

    Jets provide one of the primary probes of the quark-gluon plasma produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions and the cold nuclear matter explored in deep inelastic scattering experiments. However, despite important developments in the last years, a description of the real-time evolution of QCD jets inside a medium is still far from being complete. In our previous work, we have explored quantum technologies as a promising alternative theoretical laboratory to simulate jet evolution in QCD matter, to overcome inherent technical difficulties in present calculations. Here, we extend our previous investigation from the single particle $|q⟩$ to the $|q⟩+|qg⟩$ Fock space, taking into account gluon production. Based on the light-front Hamiltonian formalism, we construct a digital quantum circuit that tracks the evolution of a multi-particle jet probe in the presence of a medium described as a stochastic color field. Studying the momentum broadening of the jet state, we observe sizable sub-eikonal effects by comparing to eikonal estimates. We also study the medium-induced modifications to the gluon emission probability, which exhibit small corrections compared to the vacuum splitting function. In addition, we study the time evolution of the von-Neumann entropy associated with the quark component; we find that the exponential of the entropy grows linearly in time for the bare quark but super-linearly when taking into account gluon emission.

    hep-phnucl-thquant-phPRD(2023)·53 citations
13. 13*

    Composite Hybrid Inflation: Dilaton and Waterfall Pions

    Giacomo Cacciapaglia🇫🇷 · Dhong Yeon Cheong🇰🇷 · Aldo Deandrea🇫🇷 · Wanda Isnard🇫🇷 · Seong Chan Park🇰🇷

    We investigate the possibility that inflation originates from a composite field theory, in terms of an effective chiral Lagrangian involving a dilaton and pions. The walking dynamics of the theory constrain the potential in a specific way, where the anomalous dimensions of operators involving pions play a crucial role. For realistic values of the anomalous dimensions, we find a successful hybrid inflation occurring via the dilaton-inflaton, with the pions acting as waterfall fields. Compositeness consistency strongly constrain the model, predicting a dilaton scale $f_{\chi }\sim \mathcal{O}(1)$ in unit of the Planck scale, an inflation scale $H_{\text{inf}}\sim 10^{10}$ GeV, and the pion scale around $10^{14}$ GeV. We further discuss possible phenomenological consequences of this theory.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2023)·19 citations
14. 14*

    Long-Lived Particles and the Quiet Sun

    R. Andrew Gustafson🇺🇸 · Ryan Plestid🇺🇸 · Ian M. Shoemaker🇺🇸 · Albert Zhou🇩🇪

    The nuclear reaction network within the interior of the Sun is an efficient MeV physics factory, and can produce long-lived particles generic to dark sector models. In this work we consider the sensitivity of satellite instruments, primarily the RHESSI Spectrometer, that observe the Quiet Sun in the MeV regime where backgrounds are low. We find that Quiet Sun observations offer a powerful and complementary probe in regions of parameter space where the long-lived particle decay length is longer than the radius of the Sun, and shorter than the distance between the Sun and Earth. We comment on connections to recent model-building work on heavy neutral leptons coupled to neutrinos and high-quality axions from mirror symmetries.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRnucl-thPRD(2024)·5 citations
15. 15*

    Resonance $X(7300)$: excited $2S$ tetraquark or hadronic molecule ${\chi }_{c1}{\chi }_{c1}$?

    S. S. Agaev🇦🇿 · K. Azizi🇮🇷 · B. Barsbay🇹🇷 · H. Sundu🇹🇷

    We explore the first radial excitation $X_{4c}^{\ast }$ of the fully charmed diquark-antidiquark state $X_{4c}=cc\overline{c}\overline{c}$ built of axial-vector components, and the hadronic molecule $\mathcal{M}={\chi }_{c1}{\chi }_{c1}$. The masses and current couplings of these scalar states are calculated in the context of the QCD two-point sum rule approach. The full widths of $X_{4c}^{\ast }$ and $\mathcal{M}$ are evaluated by taking into account their kinematically allowed decay channels. We find partial widths of these processes using the strong couplings $g_i^{\ast }$ and $G_i^{(\ast )}$ at the $X_{4c}^{\ast }$($\mathcal{M}$ )-conventional mesons vertices computed by means of the QCD three-point sum rule method. The predictions obtained for the parameters $m=(7235\pm 75)\mathrm{MeV}$, $\Gamma =(144\pm 18)\mathrm{MeV}$ and $\tilde{m}=(7180\pm 120)\mathrm{MeV}$, $\tilde{\Gamma }=(169\pm 21)\mathrm{MeV}$ of these structures, are compared with the experimental data of the CMS and ATLAS Collaborations. In accordance to these results, within existing errors of measurements and uncertainties of the theoretical calculations, both the excited tetraquark and hadronic molecule may be considered as candidates to the resonance $X(7300)$. Detailed analysis, however, demonstrates that the preferable model for $X(7300)$ is an admixture of the molecule $\mathcal{M}$ and sizeable part of $X_{4c}^{\ast }$.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latEPJC(2023)·29 citations
16. 16*

    Scrutinizing the Primordial Black Holes Interpretation of PTA Gravitational Waves and JWST Early Galaxies

    Yann Gouttenoire🇮🇱 · Sokratis Trifinopoulos🇺🇸 · Georgios Valogiannis🇺🇸 · Miguel Vanvlasselaer🇧🇪

    Recent observations have granted to us two unique insights into the early universe: the presence of a low-frequency stochastic gravitational wave background detected by the NANOGrav and Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments and the emergence of unusually massive galaxy candidates at high redshifts reported by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). In this letter, we consider the possibility that both observations have a common origin, namely primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range between $10^6{M}_{\odot }$ and $10^{13}{M}_{\odot }$. While superheavy PBHs act as seeds for accelerated galaxy formation capable of explaining the JWST extreme galaxies, they can also form binary mergers that source gravitational waves which can be potentially identified as the PTA signal. The analysis is performed taking into account the constraints on the relevant region of the PBH parameter space including the novel bound imposed by the Ultraviolet Luminosity Function of galaxies observed by the Hubble Space Telescope. We conclude that PTA's and JWST's interpretations in terms of PBH binary mergers and Poissonian gas of PBHs, respectively, are strongly excluded.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·81 citations
17. 17*

    Anomalies in String-inspired Non-local Extensions of QED

    Fayez Abu-Ajamieh🇮🇳 · Pratik Chattopadhyay🇬🇧 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸

    We investigate anomalies in the class of non-local field theories that have been proposed as an ultraviolet completion of 4-D Quantum Field Theory (QFT) with generalizing the kinetic energy operators to an infinite series of higher derivatives inspired by string field theory and ghost-free non-local approaches to quantum gravity. We explicitly calculate the vector and chiral anomalies in a string-inspired non-local extension of QED. We show that the vector anomaly vanishes as required by gauge-invariance and the Ward identity. On the other hand, although the chiral anomaly vanishes to the leading order with massless fermions, it nonetheless does not vanish with the massive fermions and we calculate it to the leading order in scale of non-locality. We also calculate the non-local vector and axial currents explicitly, and present an illustrative example by applying our results to the decay of \pi_0 \rightarrow \gamma\gamma.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
18. 18*

    Cosmology with fast radio bursts in the era of SKA

    Ji-Guo Zhang🇺🇸 · Ze-Wei Zhao🇺🇸 · Yichao Li🇺🇸 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇺🇸 · Di Li🇨🇳 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    We present a forecast of the cosmological parameter estimation using fast radio bursts (FRBs) from the upcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA), focusing on the issues of dark energy, the Hubble constant, and baryon density. We simulate $10^5$ and $10^6$ localized FRBs from a 10-year SKA observation, and find that: (i) using $10^6$ FRB data alone can tightly constrain dark-energy equation of state parameters better than CMB+BAO+SNe, providing an independent cosmological probe to explore dark energy; (ii) combining the FRB data with gravitational-wave standard siren data from 10-year observation with the Einstein Telescope, the Hubble constant can be constrained to a sub-percent level, serving as a powerful low-redshift probe; (iii) using $10^6$ FRB data can constrain the baryon density ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{b}}h$ to a precision of $\sim 0.1\%$. Our results indicate that SKA-era FRBs will provide precise cosmological measurements to shed light on both dark energy and the missing baryon problem, and help resolve the Hubble tension.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phSCPMA(2023)·48 citations
19. 19*

    Translating nano-Hertz gravitational wave background into primordial perturbations taking account of the cosmological QCD phase transition

    Katsuya T. Abe🇯🇵 · Yuichiro Tada🇯🇵

    The evidence of the nano-Hertz stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background is reported by multiple pulsar timing array collaborations. While a prominent candidate of the origin is astrophysical from supermassive black hole binaries, alternative models involving GWs induced by primordial curvature perturbations can explain the inferred GW spectrum. Serendipitously, the nano-Hertz range coincides with the Hubble scale during the cosmological quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transition. The influence of the QCD phase transition can modify the spectrum of induced GWs within the nano-Hertz frequency range, necessitating careful analysis. We estimate GWs induced by power-law power spectra of primordial curvature perturbations taking account of the QCD phase transition. Then we translate the implication of the NANOGrav data into the constraint on the power spectrum of the primordial curvature perturbation, which suggests one would underestimate the amplitude by about $25\%$ and the spectral index by up to $10\%$ if neglecting the QCD effect.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·65 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.