Thu·Jun 1, 2023Thursday·June 1, 2023

1. 01*

   Twin Pati-Salam theory of flavour for a new picture of $B$-anomalies

   Mario Fernández Navarro🇬🇧

   We discuss a theory of flavour which can simultaneously explain and connect the origin of the Standard Model flavour hierarchies with the $U_1(3,1,2/3)$ leptoquark explanation of the $B$-decay flavour anomalies. First, we motivate the vector leptoquark $U_1$ as an excellent mediator to address the updated picture of $B$-anomalies. Secondly, we introduce the Twin Pati-Salam theory of flavour, which naturally provides a low scale 4321 gauge group with a TeV scale $U_1$. We show that both the couplings of $U_1$ to SM fermions and the effective SM Yukawa couplings arise from the same physics, naturally providing a pattern of dominantly left-handed $U_1$ couplings as most preferred by current data. Finally, we discuss the most promising signals at low energy processes that can test the model in the near future.

   hep-phhep-ex2 citations
2. 02*

   A closer look at the Yukawa's interaction from a symmetry group perspective

   Luiz L. Lopes🇧🇷

   I investigate the use of the SU(3) Clebsch-Gordan coefficients in light of the relations of completeness and closure. I show that in the case of ${\alpha }_V=F/(F+D)\ne$ 1, there is an additional interaction: the exchange of a $\rho$ meson between a $\Lambda$ and a ${\Sigma }^0$ hyperon that only affects the symmetric coupling. I then calculate these additional coupling constants and show that this recovers the completeness and closure of the SU(3) Clebsch-Gordan coefficients for all values of ${\alpha }_V$. Besides, it increases the symmetry of the theory, once now we can group the baryon octet into four doublets. Finally, I add the new coupling constants to study numerical results in the hyperon onset in dense nuclear matter assuming ${\alpha }_V$ as a free parameter.

   hep-phnucl-thPTEP(2023)·6 citations
3. 03*

   Sensitivity of the future ${\mathbf{e}}^{-}\mathbf{p}$ collider to the coupling of axion-like particles with vector bosons

   Chong-Xing Yue🇨🇳 · Han Wang🇨🇳 · Xue-Jia Cheng🇨🇳 · Yue-Qi Wang🇨🇳

   Axion-like particles (ALPs) arise naturally in many extensions of the Standard Model (SM). We explore the discovery potential for ALPs of the Large Hadron electron Collider (LHeC) via the $W^{+}{W}^{-}$ fusion process. For concreteness, both cases of the ALP decaying to muon pairs and $b\overline{b}$ pairs are investigated. Our numerical results show that the LHeC with the center of mass energy of $1.3$ TeV and the integrated luminosity of $1$ ab${}^{-1}$ might be more sensitive than the LHC in probing ALPs over a range of masses from a few tens of GeV to $900$ GeV, where the promising sensitivities to the coupling of ALP with $W^{\pm }$ bosons reach nearly $0.15$ TeV${}^{-1}$ and $0.32$ TeV${}^{-1}$ for the signal processes $e^{-}p\to {\nu }_{e}ja(a\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-})$ and $e^{-}p\to {\nu }_{e}ja(a\to b\overline{b})$, respectively.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·9 citations
4. 04*

   Effective oscillatory magnetic charges and electric dipole moments induced by axion-photon coupling

   Alexander J. Silenko🇷🇺

   We suppose that the covariance of Lagrangians always taking place results in a distortion of any electric and magnetic field by a pseudoscalar field of dark matter axions and axion-like particles. As a result, electric and magnetic fields acquire oscillating magnetic and electric components, respectively. The Maxwell-like equations are rigorously derived. One can also use an equivalent approach based on an introduction of effective oscillating magnetic charges and electric dipole moments in undistorted electromagnetic fields. The determined relations between the magnetic charges and electric dipole moments and the axion-photon coupling constant open a possibility to compare a sensitivity of search for axions in optical experiments and experiments with massive particles. The dual (inverse) Witten effect defining effective magnetic charges of electrically charged particles opens new exciting possibilities to search for axions and axion-like particles with very small masses in nonresonance experiments. The study of a passage of strongly decelerated electrons or positrons through a solenoid is proposed.

   hep-ph2 citations
5. 05*

   2HDM interpretations of the CMS diphoton excess at 95 GeV

   Duarte Azevedo🇩🇪 · Thomas Biekötter🇩🇪 · P.M. Ferreira🇵🇹

   In both Run 1 and Run 2 of the LHC, the CMS collaboration has observed an excess of events in the searches for low-mass Higgs bosons in the diphoton final state at a mass of about 95 GeV. After a recent update of the experimental analysis, in which the full Run 2 data collected at 13 TeV has been included and an improved experimental calibration has been applied, the local significance of the excess amounts to $2.9\sigma$. The presence of this diphoton excess is especially interesting in view of a further excess observed by CMS in ditau final states at a comparable mass and similar local significance. Moreover, an excess of events with about $2\sigma$ local significance and consistent with a mass of 95 GeV was observed in LEP searches for a Higgs boson decaying to pairs of bottom quarks. We interpret the CMS diphoton excess in combination with the ditau excess in terms of a pseudoscalar resonance in the CP-conserving two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM). Furthermore, we discuss the possibility that, if CP-violation is taken into account, a CP-mixed scalar state can in addition describe the LEP result, thus accommodating all three excesses simultaneously. We find that the region of parameter space where both the CMS diphoton and ditau excesses can be fitted is in tension with current constraints from the flavour sector, potentially calling for other new-physics contributions to flavour-physics observables, most notably $b\to s\gamma$ transitions. We also comment on the compatibility with the recent ATLAS di-photon searches.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·75 citations
6. 06*

   New Physics in Neutrino Oscillation: Nonunitarity or Nonorthogonality?

   Chee Sheng Fong🇧🇷

   Neutrino oscillation phenomenon is a definite evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM) and high precision measurement of neutrino properties will certainly give us clue about what lies beyond the SM. In particular, precise measurements of the mixing matrix elements $U_{\alpha i}$ which relate the neutrino flavor $\alpha$ and mass $i$ eigenstates are crucial since new physics at scale beyond experimental reach can lead to a nonunitary $U$. This in turns results in nonorthogonal neutrino flavor states. How to calculate the oscillation probability in this scenario is an important theoretical issue that will be treated here. We show that probability constructed using theory of projection probability will ensure that the theory remains unitary in time evolution and the probabilities of neutrino of certain flavor being detected as all possible flavor states always sum up to unity. This result is crucial for discovery of new physics through neutrino oscillation phenomena.

   hep-phhep-ex1 citation
7. 07*

   Numerical Scattering Amplitudes with pySecDec

   G. Heinrich🇩🇪 · S. P. Jones🇬🇧 · M. Kerner🇩🇪 · V. Magerya🇩🇪 · A. Olsson🇩🇪 · J. Schlenk🇨🇭

   We present a major update of the program pySecDec, a toolbox for the evaluation of dimensionally regulated parameter integrals. The new version enables the evaluation of multi-loop integrals as well as amplitudes in a highly distributed and flexible way, optionally on GPUs. The program has been optimised and runs up to an order of magnitude faster than the previous release. A new integration procedure that utilises construction-free median Quasi-Monte Carlo rules is implemented. The median lattice rules can outperform our previous component-by-component rules by a factor of 5 and remove the limitation on the maximum number of sampling points. The expansion by regions procedures have been extended to support Feynman integrals with numerators, and functions for automatically determining when and how analytic regulators should be introduced are now available. The new features and performance are illustrated with several examples.

   hep-phComput.Phys.Commun.(2024)·92 citations
8. 08*

   Next-to-leading BFKL evolution for dijets with large rapidity separation at different LHC energies

   Anatolii Iu. Egorov🇷🇺 · Victor T. Kim🇷🇺

   The calculations based on the next-to-leading logarithm (NLL) approximation for the Balitsky-Fadin-Kuraev-Lipatov (BKFL) evolution are presented for the Mueller-Navelet (MN) dijet production cross section, as well as for their ratios at different collision energies. The MN dijet denotes the jet pair consists of jets, which were selected with $p_{\perp }>p_{\perp \min }$ and with maximal rapidity separation in the event. The NLL BFKL predictions for the MN cross sections are given for the $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=2.76$, $8$, and $13$ TeV, for $p_{\perp \min }=20$ and $35$ GeV. The results are in agreement with the measurement by the CMS experiment in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=2.76$ TeV and $p_{\perp \min }=35$ GeV within the theoretical and experimental uncertainties. The predictions of the NLL BFKL calculation of ratios of the MN cross sections at different collision energies and $p_{\perp \min }$ are also presented.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·15 citations
9. 09*

   Jet quenching in mini-quark-gluon plasma: Medium modification factor $I_{pA}$ for photon-tagged jets

   B.G. Zakharov🇷🇺

   We calculate the medium modification factor $I_{pA}$ for the photon-tagged jet fragmentation functions for scenario with the quark-gluon plasma formation in $pA$ and $pp$ collisions. We perform calculations of radiative and collisional parton energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma with running ${\alpha }_s$ which has a plateau around $Q\sim \kappa T$ with $\kappa$ fitted to the LHC data on the heavy ion $R_{AA}$. We find that the theoretical prediction for $I_{pA}$ in $5.02$ TeV $p$+Pb collisions are within errors consistent with the data from ALICE [1]. However, a definite conclusion about the presence or absence of jet quenching in $pA$ collisions cannot be drawn due to large experimental errors of the ALICE data [1]. Our calculations show that this requires a significantly more accurate measurement of $I_{pA}$.

   hep-phnucl-thJETP Lett.(2023)·1 citation
10. 10*

    $\tau$ data-driven evaluation of Euclidean windows for the hadronic vacuum polarization

    Pere Masjuan🇪🇸 · Alejandro Miranda🇪🇸 · Pablo Roig🇲🇽

    We compute for the first time the $\tau$ data-driven Euclidean windows for the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon $g-2$. We show that $\tau$-based results agree with the available lattice window evaluations and with the full result. On the intermediate window, where all lattice evaluations are rather precise and agree, $\tau$-based results are compatible with them. This is particularly interesting, given that the disagreement of the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ data-driven result with the lattice values in this window is the main cause for their discrepancy, affecting the interpretation of the $a_{\mu }$ measurement in terms of possible new physics.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latPLB(2024)·50 citations
11. 11*

    A closer look at isodoublet vector leptoquark solution to $R_{D^{(\ast )}}$ anomaly

    Syuhei Iguro🇩🇪 · Yuji Omura🇯🇵

    We discuss a model with a SU$(2{)}_L$ doublet vector leptoquark (LQ), motivated by the recent experimental results relating to the lepton universality of $\overline{B}\to D^{(\ast )}\tau {\overline{\nu }}_{\tau }$. We find that scalar operators predicted by the LQ are favored to explain the deviations, taking into account the recent LHCb result. We investigate the extensive phenomenology of the model and conclude that $B_s\to \tau \overline{\tau }$, $B\to K\tau \overline{\tau }$, $B_u\to \tau {\overline{\nu }}_{\tau }$ and high-$p_T$ di-$\tau$ lepton signatures at the LHC will probe the interesting parameter region in the near future.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·7 citations
12. 12*

    Higgs associated production with a vector decaying to two fermions in the geoSMEFT

    T. Corbett🇦🇹 · A. Martin🇺🇸

    We present the inclusive calculations of a Higgs boson produced in associated with massive vector bosons in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) to order 1/${\Lambda }^4$ for the 13 TeV LHC. The calculations include the decay of the vector boson into massless constituents and are done using the geometric formulation of the SMEFT supplemented by the relevant dimension eight operators not included in the geoSMEFT. We include some discussion of distributions to motivate how detailed collider and experimental searches for SMEFT signals could be improved.

    hep-phSciPost Phys.(2024)·14 citations
13. 13*

    A new source for light dark matter isocurvature in low scale inflation

    Andrea Caputo🇨🇭 · Michael Geller🇮🇱 · Giuseppe Rossi🇮🇱

    Light scalar and pseudoscalar particles are compelling dark matter candidates, with a vast running experimental program to discover them. Previous studies have shown that these light fields can generate sizable isocurvature perturbations in high scale inflationary models. Thereby, dark matter existence and cosmic microwave background measurements impose an upper bound on the inflationary scale. In this work, focusing on the axion case, we point out that light fields present during inflation can generate important isocurvature perturbations also in scenarios of low-scale inflation. In our mechanism, the axion field starts with some non-zero field value during inflation and rolls along its potential. Since inflation has a different duration in different patches of the universe, different regions will then have different values of the axion field, generating cold dark matter isocurvature modes. These modes are fully correlated with the adiabatic ones and share the same spectral index. In this scenario, the axion mass determines a lower bound on the Hubble parameter during inflation.

    hep-phgr-qcPRD(2024)·6 citations
14. 14*

    Distinguishing thermal histories of dark matter from structure formation

    Fei Huang🇮🇱 · Yuan-Zhen Li🇨🇳 · Jiang-Hao Yu🇨🇳

    It is important to understand the implications of current observational constraints and potential signatures on the thermal history of dark matter. In this paper, we build the connection between the present-day velocities and the production mechanism of dark matter and find that the current observation on structure formation can be imposed to constrain the decoupling temperatures and the phase-space distribution of dark matter. We further explore the potential of distinguishing different possible thermal histories of dark matter with hypothetical future observational data. Using the freeze-in/-out scenarios as templates, we find that future precision data may uniquely identify the allowed parameter spaces for freeze-in and freeze-out, or even completely rule out one of the scenarios. This method can be more generally applied to other scenarios.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·4 citations
15. 15*

    Thermalised dark radiation in the presence of PBH: $\mathrm{\Delta }{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ and gravitational waves complementarity

    Nayan Das🇮🇳 · Suruj Jyoti Das🇮🇳 · Debasish Borah🇮🇳

    We study the possibility of detecting dark radiation (DR) produced by a combination of interactions with the thermal bath and ultra-light primordial black hole (PBH) evaporation in the early universe. We show that the detection prospects via cosmic microwave background (CMB) measurements of the effective relativistic degrees of freedom $\mathrm{\Delta }{\mathrm{N}}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ get enhanced in some part of the parameter space compared to the purely non-thermal case where DR is produced solely from PBH. On the other hand, for certain part of the parameter space, DR which initially decouples from the bath followed by its production from PBH evaporation, can re-enter the thermal bath leading to much tighter constraints on the PBH parameter space. We also discuss the complementary detection prospects via observation of stochastic gravitational wave (GW) sourced by PBH density perturbations. The complementary probes offered by CMB and GW observations keep the detection prospects of such light degrees of freedom very promising in spite of limited discovery prospects at particle physics experiments.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2023)·6 citations
16. 16*

    Axion Helioscopes as Solar Thermometers

    Sebastian Hoof🇮🇹 · Joerg Jaeckel🇩🇪 · Lennert J. Thormaehlen🇩🇪

    Axions, if discovered, could serve as a powerful new messenger for studying astrophysical objects. In this study we show how the Sun's spatial and spectral "axion image" can be inverted to infer the radial dependence of solar properties in a model-independent way. In particular, the future helioscope IAXO may allow us to accurately reconstruct the Sun's temperature profile $T(r)$ in the region up to about 80% (40%) of the solar radius for an axion-photon coupling $g_{a\gamma \gamma }$ of $6\times 10^{-11}$ GeV${}^{-1}$ ($10^{-11}$ GeV${}^{-1}$). The statistical fluctuations in the photon data lead to a median precision of better than 10% (16%) in this region, and the corresponding median accuracy was better than 4% (7%). While our approach can simultaneously infer the radial profile of the Debye scale ${\kappa }_{\text{s}}(r)$, its weaker connection to the axion production rate leads to median accuracy and precision of worse than 30% and 50%, respectively. We discuss possible challenges and improvements for realistic setups, as well as extensions to more general axion models. We also highlight advantages of helioscopes over neutrino detectors.

    hep-phastro-ph.SRJCAP(2023)·16 citations
17. 17*

    A Guide to Diagnosing Colored Resonances at Hadron Colliders

    Tao Han🇺🇸 · Ian M. Lewis🇺🇸 · Hongkai Liu🇮🇱 · Zhen Liu🇺🇸 · Xing Wang🇺🇸

    We present a comprehensive study on how to distinguish the properties of heavy dijet resonances at hadron colliders. A variety of spins, chiral couplings, charges, and QCD color representations are considered. Distinguishing the different color representations is particularly difficult at hadron colliders. To determine the QCD color structure, we consider a third jet radiated in a resonant dijet event. We show that the relative rates of three-jet versus two-jet processes are sensitive to the color representation of the resonance. We also show analytically that the antennae radiation pattern of soft radiation depends on the color structure of dijet events and develops an observable that is sensitive to the antennae patterns. Finally, we exploit a Convolutional Neural Network with Machine Learning techniques to differentiate the radiation patterns from different colored resonances and find encouraging results to discriminate them. We demonstrate our results numerically at a 14 TeV LHC, and the methodology presented here should be applicable to other future hadron colliders.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·17 citations
18. 18*

    Hadron transverse momentum distributions in the Tsallis statistics with escort probabilities

    A.S. Parvan🇷🇺

    The exact and approximate hadron transverse momentum distributions for the Fermi-Dirac, Bose-Einstein and Maxwell-Boltzmann statistics of particles in the framework of the Tsallis statistics with escort probabilities (the Tsallis-3 statistics) have been derived. The classical and quantum transverse momentum distributions in the zeroth term approximation and the quantum transverse momentum distributions in the factorization approximation introduced in the zeroth term approximation were found. The transverse momentum distributions in the zeroth term approximation and in the factorization approximation of the zeroth term approximation are the same in the Tsallis-3, Tsallis-2 and $q$-dual statistics. The well-known classical phenomenological Tsallis distribution exactly coincides with the classical transverse momentum distribution of the Tsallis-3 statistics in the zeroth term approximation for which the entropy of system is zero in the whole range of state variables. However, the quantum phenomenological Tsallis distribution does not coincide with either the exact or approximate transverse momentum distributions of the Tsallis-3 statistics. The exact Tsallis-3 classical distribution and the classical phenomenological Tsallis distribution were applied to describe the experimental spectra of the charged pions produced in the proton-proton collisions at high energies. The values of the parameters $(T,q)$ for both these model distributions differ in the whole energy range. Thus, the classical phenomenological Tsallis distribution is an unsatisfactory approximation for the exact classical transverse momentum distribution of the Tsallis-3 statistics.

    hep-phnucl-thJ.Phys.G(2023)·7 citations
19. 19*

    Investigation of Higgs Boson Decaying to Di-muon, Dark Matter Produced in Association with a Higgs Boson Decaying to $b$-quarks and Unbinned Profiled Unfolding

    Jay Chan🇺🇸

    The discovery of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson by ATLAS and CMS at the LHC in 2012 marked a major milestone in particle physics. However, many questions remain unanswered, which has led to an active research program to search for either rare SM phenomena or Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics that involve the Higgs boson. In this dissertation, I present two example searches involving the Higgs boson, using proton-proton ($pp$) collision data collected by the ATLAS detector. The first search tackles the problem of how the SM Higgs couples to the second-generation fermions. It searches for the dimuon decay of the SM Higgs boson using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb${}^{-1}$ collected by the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13\mathrm{TeV}$ at the LHC. In the second search, we look for Dark Matter produced in association with a Higgs boson decaying to $b$-quarks. This search uses the same dataset as the $H\to \mu \mu$ search and targets events that contain large missing transverse momentum and either two $b$-tagged small-radius jets or a single large-radius jet associated with two $b$-tagged subjets. In addition to the two physics analyses, unfolding is a key procedure in the high energy experiments, which corrects data for the detector effect. I present a new unfolding method that allows to unfold data without having any artificial binning and is also able to profile nuisance parameters simultaneously. This new method provides much higher flexibility and increases the reusability for different downstream tasks compared to the traditional approach. It will benifit any future analyses including Higgs physics and Dark Matter searches.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.data-an0 citations
20. 20*

    Quantum gravity phenomenology from the perspective of quantum general relativity and quadratic gravity

    Gabriel Menezes🇧🇷

    Multi-messenger astronomy provides us with the possibility of discovering phenomenological signatures of quantum-gravity effects. This should be of paramount importance in the pursuit of an elusive quantum theory for the gravitational interactions. Here we discuss feasible explorations within the effective field theory treatment of general relativity. By exploring current techniques borrowed from modern amplitude methods, we calculate leading quantum corrections to the classical radiated momentum and spectral waveforms. The lessons drawn from these low-energy results are that phenomenological applications in gravitational-wave physics can be discussed in line with the effective field theory approach. In turn, we also examine possible phenomenological surveys from the perspective of a UV completion for quantum gravity which employs the metric as the fundamental dynamical variable, namely quadratic gravity. Being more specific, by resorting to the eikonal approximation, we compute the leading-order time delay/advance in the scattering of light by a heavy object and find a possible significant deviation from the standard general-relativity prediction. This allows us to probe causal uncertainty due to quantum fluctuations of the gravitational field as a genuine prediction from Planck-scale physics.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thClass.Quant.Grav.(2023)·3 citations
21. 21*

    The Taiji-TianQin-LISA network: Precisely measuring the Hubble constant using both bright and dark sirens

    Shang-Jie Jin🇺🇸 · Ye-Zhu Zhang🇨🇳 · Ji-Yu Song🇺🇸 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇺🇸 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    In the coming decades, the space-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors such as Taiji, TianQin, and LISA are expected to form a network capable of detecting millihertz GWs emitted by the mergers of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs). In this work, we investigate the potential of GW standard sirens from the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network in constraining cosmological parameters. For the optimistic scenario in which electromagnetic (EM) counterparts can be detected, we predict the number of detectable bright sirens based on three different MBHB population models, i.e., pop III, Q3d, and Q3nod. Our results show that the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network alone could achieve a constraint precision of $0.9\%$ for the Hubble constant, meeting the standard of precision cosmology. Moreover, the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network could effectively break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by the CMB data, particularly in the dynamical dark energy models. When combined with the CMB data, the joint CMB+Taiji-TianQin-LISA data offer $\sigma (w)=0.036$ in the $w$CDM model, which is close to the latest constraint result obtained from the CMB+SN data. We also consider a conservative scenario in which EM counterparts are not available. Due to the precise sky localizations of MBHBs by the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network, the constraint precision of the Hubble constant is expected to reach $1.2\%$. In conclusion, the GW standard sirens from the Taiji-TianQin-LISA network will play a critical role in helping solve the Hubble tension and shedding light on the nature of dark energy.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phSCPMA(2024)·73 citations
22. 22*

    Many-body correlations for nuclear physics across scales: from nuclei to quark-gluon plasmas to hadron distributions

    Giuliano Giacalone🇩🇪

    It is an experimental fact that multi-particle correlations in the final states of high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions are sensitive to collective correlations of nucleons in the wave functions of the colliding nuclei. Here, I show that this connection is more direct than it intuitively seems. With an energy deposition scheme inspired by high-energy quantum chromodynamics, and within a linearized description of initial-state fluctuations in the quark-gluon plasma, I exhibit relations between $N$-particle correlations in the final states of nuclear collisions and $N$-nucleon density distributions in the colliding nuclei. This result formally justifies the sensitivity of the outcome of high-energy collisions to features such as nuclear deformations. It paves the way, thus, to systematic studies of the impact of state-of-the-art nuclear interactions in such processes.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phnucl-exEPJA(2023)·43 citations
23. 23*

    Indirect searches at CMS

    Nicholas Smith (on behalf of the CMS Collaboration)🇺🇸

    In these proceedings, we present several new measurements of Standard Model (SM) processes, in the Higgs sector and beyond, that push the precision frontier forward at CMS. Results are presented in the context of a framework parameterizing deviations in Higgs boson couplings, as well as in the context of SM Effective Field Theory, where new analyses targeting Higgs, top, and multi-boson processes probe an increasingly diverse set of operators. Within these frameworks, CMS is efficiently exploring a large space of new physics models. No significant deviation from SM expectations is found.

    ↳ hep-exhep-ph0 citations
24. 24*

    Primordial Non-Gaussianity $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ and Anisotropies in Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves

    Jun-Peng Li🇨🇳 · Sai Wang🇨🇳 · Zhi-Chao Zhao🇨🇳 · Kazunori Kohri🇯🇵

    Primordial non-Gaussianity encodes vital information of the physics of the early universe, particularly during the inflationary epoch. To explore the local-type primordial non-Gaussianity $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$, we study the anisotropies in gravitational wave background induced by the linear cosmological scalar perturbations during radiation domination in the early universe. We provide the first complete analysis to the angular power spectrum of such scalar-induced gravitational waves. The spectrum is expressed in terms of the initial inhomogeneities, the Sachs-Wolfe effect, and their crossing. It is anticipated to have frequency dependence and multipole dependence, i.e., $C_{\ell }(\nu )\propto [\ell (\ell +1){]}^{-1}$ with $\nu$ being a frequency and $\ell$ referring to the $\ell$-th spherical harmonic multipole. In particular, the initial inhomogeneites in this background depend on gravitational-wave frequency. These properties are potentially useful for the component separation, foreground removal, and breaking degeneracies in model parameters, making the non-Gaussian parameter $f_{\mathrm{NL}}$ measurable. Further, theoretical expectations may be tested by space-borne gravitational-wave detectors in future.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2023)·83 citations
25. 25*

    Multi-scale Constraints on Scalar-Field couplings to Matter: The Geodetic and Frame-Dragging Effects

    David Benisty🇬🇧 · Philippe Brax🇫🇷 · Anne-Christine Davis🇬🇧

    The impact of light scalars coupled conformally and disformally to matter on the geodetic and frame-dragging (FD) precessions is calculated. For larger frequencies the disformal interaction becomes increasingly relevant. We use several satellite experiments and Pulsar time of arrival (ToA) measurements to derive bounds on the couplings, combining the Gravity Probe B, LARES, LAGEOS and GRACE results with pulsar timings. Forecasts for future constraints on the conformal and the disformal couplings based on the GINGER experiment, i.e. a future measurement of the Sagnac effect on Earth, the motion of S-stars around the galactic centre and future pulsar timing observations are presented.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA+1PRD(2023)·18 citations
26. 26*

    Tripotential MOND theories

    Mordehai Milgrom🇮🇱

    I present a new class of nonrelativistic, modified-gravity MOND theories. The three gravitational degrees of freedom of these ``TRIMOND'' theories are the MOND potential and two auxiliary potentials, one of which emerges as the Newtonian potential. Their Lagrangians involve a function of three acceleration variables -- the gradients of the potentials. So, the transition from the Newtonian to the MOND regime is rather richer than in the aquadratic-Lagrangian theory (AQUAL) and the quasilinear MOND theory (QUMOND), which are special cases of TRIMOND, each defined by a Lagrangian function of a single variable. In particular, unlike AQUAL and QUMOND whose deep-MOND limit (DML) is fully dictated by the required scale invariance, here, the scale-invariant DML still requires specifying a function of two variables. For one-dimensional (e.g., spherical) mass distributions, in all TRIMOND theories the MOND acceleration is a (theory specific, but system independent) function of the Newtonian acceleration; their variety appears in nonsymmetric situations. Also, they all make the salient, primary MOND predictions. For example, they predict the same DML virial relation as AQUAL and QUMOND, and thus the same DML $M-\sigma$ relation, and the same DML two-body force. Yet they can differ materially on secondary predictions. Such TRIMOND theories may be the nonrelativistic limits of scalar-bimetric relativistic formulations of MOND, such as BIMOND with an added scalar.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.GAhep-phPRD(2023)·22 citations
27. 27*

    Cosmic-Dawn 21-cm Signal from Dynamical Dark Energy

    Lu Yin🇰🇷

    The 21-cm signal is the most important measurement for us to understand physics during cosmic dawn. It is the key for us to understand the expansion history of the Universe and the nature of dark energy. In this paper, we focused on the characteristic 21-cm power spectrum of a special dynamic dark energy - the Interacting Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (ICPL) model - and compared it with those of the $\Lambda$CDM and CPL models. From the expected noise of HERA, we found more precise experiments in the future can detect the features of interacting dark energy in the 21-cm power spectra. By studying the brightness temperature, we found the ICPL model is closer to the observation of EDGES compared to the $\Lambda$CDM, thus alleviating the tension between theory and experiments.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2024)·2 citations
28. 28*

    In Pursuit of Love: First Templated Search for Compact Objects with Large Tidal Deformabilities in the LIGO-Virgo Data

    Horng Sheng Chia🇺🇸 · Thomas D. P. Edwards🇺🇸 · Digvijay Wadekar🇺🇸 · Aaron Zimmerman🇺🇸 · Seth Olsen🇺🇸 · Javier Roulet🇺🇸 · Tejaswi Venumadhav🇺🇸 · Barak Zackay🇮🇱 · Matias Zaldarriaga🇺🇸

    We report results on the first matched-filtering search for binaries with compact objects having large tidal deformabilities in the LIGO-Virgo gravitational wave (GW) data. The tidal deformability of a body is quantified by the ``Love number" $\Lambda \propto (r/m{)}^5$, where $r/m$ is the body's (inverse) compactness. Due to its strong dependence on compactness, the $\Lambda$ of larger-sized compact objects can easily be many orders of magnitude greater than those of black holes and neutron stars, leaving phase shifts which are sufficiently large for these binaries to be missed by binary black hole (BBH) templated searches. In this paper, we conduct a search using inspiral-only waveforms with zero spins but finite tides, with the search space covering chirp masses $3M_{\odot }<\mathcal{M}<15M_{\odot }$ and effective tidal deformabilities $10^2\lesssim \tilde{\Lambda }\lesssim 10^6$. We find no statistically significant GW candidates. This null detection implies an upper limit on the merger rate of such binaries in the range $[1-300]{\text{Gpc}}^{-3}{\text{year}}^{-1}$, depending on $\mathcal{M}$ and $\tilde{\Lambda }$. While our constraints are model agnostic, we discuss the implications on beyond the Standard Model scenarios that give rise to boson stars and superradiant clouds. Using inspiral-only waveforms we recover many of the BBH signals which were previously identified with full inspiral-merger-ringdown templates. We also constrain the Love number of black holes to $\Lambda \lesssim 10^3$ at the 90\% credible interval. Our work is the first-ever dedicated template-based search for compact objects that are not only black holes and neutron stars. Additionally, our work demonstrates a novel way of finding new physics in GW data, widening the scope of potential discovery to previously unexplored parameter space.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phhep-thPRD(2024)·64 citations
29. 29*

    Diffuse Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission From TeV Halos

    Ariane Dekker🇺🇸 · Ian Holst🇺🇸 · Dan Hooper🇺🇸 · Giovani Leone🇺🇸 · Emily Simon🇺🇸 · Huangyu Xiao🇺🇸

    The LHAASO Collaboration has recently reported a measurement of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic Plane at energies between 10 TeV and 1 PeV. While this emission is brighter than that expected from cosmic-ray interactions in the interstellar medium alone, we show that the intensity, spectrum, and morphology of this excess are in good agreement with that predicted from the "TeV halos" which surround the Milky Way's pulsar population. These results support the conclusion that TeV halos dominate the ultra-high-energy sky, and that these objects convert $\sim 5\%$ of their total spindown power into very-high and ultra-high-energy photons.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COastro-ph.GAhep-phPRD(2024)·26 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.