Wed·May 24, 2023Wednesday·May 24, 2023

1. 01*

   Toward a search for axion-like particles at the LNLS

   L. Angel🇧🇷 · P. Arias🇨🇱 · C. O. Dib🇨🇱 · A. S. de Jesus🇧🇷 · S. Kuleshov🇨🇱 · V. Kozhuharov🇧🇬 · L. Lin🇧🇷 · M. Lindner🇩🇪 · F. S. Queiroz🇧🇷 · R. C. Silva🇧🇷 · Y. Villamizar🇧🇷

   Axion-Like Particles (ALPs) appear in several dark sector studies. They have gained increasing attention from the theoretical and experimental community. In this work, we propose the first search for ALPs to be conducted at the Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS). In this work, we derive the projected sensitivity of a proposed experiment for the production of ALPs via the channel $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to a\gamma$. We show that such an experiment could probe ALP masses between $1-55\text{mbox}MeV$, and ALP-electron couplings down to $g_{aee}=2-6\times 10^{-4}\text{mbox}{GeV}^{-1}$ depending on the energy beam, thickness of the target, and background assumptions. Therefore, this quest would cover an unexplored region of parameter space for experiments of this kind, constitute a promising probe for dark sectors, and potentially become the first Latin-American dark sector detector.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·3 citations
2. 02*

   Phenomenological aspects of the fermion and scalar sectors of a $S_4$ flavored 3-3-1 model

   A. E. Cárcamo Hernández🇨🇱 · Juan Marchant González🇨🇱 · M.L. Mora-Urrutia🇨🇱 · Daniel Salinas-Arizmendi🇨🇱

   We proposed a viable and predictive model based on the $SU(3{)}_C\times SU(3{)}_L\times U(1{)}_X$ gauge symmetry, supplemented by the global $U(1{)}_{Lg}$ symmetry, the $S_4$ family symmetry and several auxiliary cyclic symmetries, which successfully reproduces the experimentally observed SM fermion mass and mixing pattern. The tiny active neutrino masses are generated through an inverse seesaw mechanism mediated by right-handed Majorana neutrinos. The model is consistent with the SM fermion masses and mixings and successfully accommodates the current Higgs diphoton decay rate constraints as well as the constraints arising from oblique $S$, $T$ and $U$ parameters and we studied the meson mixing due to flavor changing neutral currents mediated by heavy scalars, finding parameter space consistent with experimental constraints.

   hep-phNPB(2024)·3 citations
3. 03*

   Electromagnetic form factors for nucleons in short-range correlations

   Wanli Xing🇦🇺 · Xuan-Gong Wang🇦🇺 · Anthony W. Thomas🇦🇺

   Recent experimental studies have led to the suggestion that short-range correlations may be a major contributor to the nuclear EMC effect. This hypothesis requires that the structure function for nucleons involved in short-range correlations should be heavily suppressed compared to that of a free nucleon. Based on calculations performed within an AdS/QCD motivated, light-front quark-diquark model, we find that this large suppression of the nucleon structure function leads to a strong suppression of the nucleon elastic form factors.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPLB(2023)·8 citations
4. 04*

   Sharpening the $A\to Z^{(\ast )}h$ Signature of the Type-II 2HDM at the LHC through Advanced Machine Learning

   W. Esmail🇩🇪 · A. Hammad🇰🇷 · S. Moretti🇬🇧

   The $A\to Z^{(\ast )}h$ decay signature has been highlighted as possibly being the first testable probe of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson discovered in 2012 ($h$) interacting with Higgs companion states, such as those existing in a 2-Higgs Doublet Model (2HDM), chiefly, a CP-odd one ($A$). The production mechanism of the latter at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) takes place via $b\bar{b}$-annihilation and/or $gg$-fusion, depending on the 2HDM parameters, in turn dictated by the Yukawa structure of this Beyond the SM (BSM) scenario. Among the possible incarnations of the 2HDM, we test here the so-called Type-II, for a twofold reason. On the one hand, it intriguingly offers two very distinct parameter regions compliant with the SM-like Higgs measurements, i.e., where the so-called `SM limit' of the 2HDM can be achieved. On the other hand, in both configurations, the $AZh$ coupling is generally small, hence the signal is strongly polluted by backgrounds, so that the exploitation of Machine Learning (ML) techniques becomes extremely useful. In this paper, we show that the application of advanced ML implementations can be decisive in establishing such a signal. This is true for all distinctive kinematical configurations involving the $A\to Z^{(\ast )}h$ decay, i.e., below threshold ($m_A<m_Z+m_h$), at its maximum ($m_Z+m_h<m_A<2m_t$) and near the onset of $t\bar{t}$ pair production ($m_A\approx 2m_t$), for which we propose Benchmark Points (BPs) for future phenomenological analyses.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·18 citations
5. 05*

   Electroweak Loop Contributions to the Direct Detection of Wino Dark Matter

   John Ellis🇬🇧 · Natsumi Nagata🇯🇵 · Keith A. Olive🇺🇸 · Jiaming Zheng🇨🇳

   Electroweak loop corrections to the matrix elements for the spin-independent scattering of cold dark matter particles on nuclei are generally small, typically below the uncertainty in the local density of cold dark matter. However, as shown in this paper, there are instances in which the electroweak loop corrections are relatively large, and change significantly the spin-independent dark matter scattering rate. An important example occurs when the dark matter particle is a wino, e.g., in anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking (AMSB) and pure gravity mediation (PGM) models. We find that the one-loop electroweak corrections to the spin-independent wino LSP scattering cross section generally interfere constructively with the tree-level contribution for AMSB models with negative Higgsino mixing, $\mu <0$, and in PGM-like models for both signs of $\mu$, lifting the cross section out of the neutrino fog and into a range that is potentially detectable in the next generation of direct searches for cold dark matter scattering.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·7 citations
6. 06*

   Correlating New Physics Effects in Semileptonic $\Delta C=1$ and $\Delta S=1$ Processes

   Svjetlana Fajfer🇸🇮 · Jernej Fesel Kamenik🇸🇮 · Arman Korajac🇸🇮 · Nejc Košnik🇸🇮

   We present constraints on the left-handed dimension-6 interactions that contribute to semileptonic and leptonic decays of $K$, $D$, pions and to nuclear beta decay. We employ the flavour covariant description of the effective couplings, identify universal CP phases of New Physics and derive constraints from decay rates and CP-odd quantities. As a result, we can predict the maximal effects of such flavoured NP in $D$ decays from stringent $K$ decay constraints and vice-versa.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·14 citations
7. 07*

   Holographic study of higher-order baryon number susceptibilities at finite temperature and density

   Zhibin Li🇨🇳 · Jingmin Liang🇨🇳 · Song He🇨🇳 · Li Li🇨🇳

   The cumulants of baryon number fluctuations serve as a good probe for experimentally exploring the QCD phase diagram at finite density, giving rise to characteristic fluctuation patterns associated with a possible critical endpoint (CEP). We compute the higher-order baryon number susceptibilities at finite temperature and baryon chemical potential using a holographic QCD model to address the non-perturbative aspect of strongly coupled QCD matter. The model can accurately confront lattice QCD data on a quantitative level and the location of the CEP is found to fall within the range accessible to upcoming experimental measurements. The baryon number susceptibilities up to the twelfth order are computed, and the collision energy dependence of different ratios of these susceptibilities is examined along the chemical freeze-out line. The holographic results show quantitative agreement with experimental data and the functional renormalization group results in a large collision energy range, with all ratios exhibiting a peak structure around 5-10 GeV. The mismatching between our holographic results with experimental data for sufficiently low collision energy is possibly due to non-equilibrium effects and complex experimental environments. The future experiments with measurements in the low collision energy range $\sqrt{S_{NN}}\approx 1-10\text{GeV}$ and reduced experimental uncertainty could reveal more non-monotonic behavior signals which can be used to locate the CEP.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·34 citations
8. 08*

   Effect of nuclear structure on particle production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions using the AMPT model

   P. Sinha🇮🇳 · V. Bairathi🇨🇱 · K. Gopal🇮🇳 · C. Jena🇮🇳 · S. Kabana🇨🇱

   We report first study of transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) spectra for ${\pi }^{\pm }$, $K^{\pm }$, $p$, and $\bar{p}$ in isobar, ${}_{44}^{96}$Ru+${}_{44}^{96}$Ru and ${}_{40}^{96}$Zr+${}_{40}^{96}$Zr, collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV using a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model. Particle yields ($dN/dy$), average transverse momenta ($⟨p_{\mathrm{T}}⟩$), and particle ratios are reported in various collision systems with different parameterizations of the Woods-Saxon (WS) distribution. We observed a maximum difference of 5% in the particle yields in peripheral collisions when we included a quadrupole and octupole deformation and a nuclear size difference between the isobars. The ${\pi }^{-}$/${\pi }^{+}$ ratio is smaller in Ru+Ru collisions compared to Zr+Zr collisions indicating an effect of isospin due to difference in number of protons and neutrons between the two nuclei. The $K^{-}$/$K^{+}$ ratio is same in both the systems indicating the dominance of the pair production mechanism in the kaon production. The $\bar{p}/p$ ratio is further smaller in Ru+Ru collisions than Zr+Zr collisions, indicating the effect of baryon stopping in addition to the isospin effect. A system size dependence is observed in $dN/dy$ and $⟨p_{\mathrm{T}}⟩$ when we compare the results from isobar collisions with Au+Au and U+U collisions.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exPRC(2023)·13 citations
9. 09*

   Effects of gluon kinematics and the Sudakov form factor on the dipole amplitude

   Tomoki Goda🇵🇱 · Krzysztof Kutak🇵🇱 · Sebastian Sapeta🇵🇱

   We investigate effects of exact gluon kinematics on the parameters of the Golec-Biernat-Wüsthoff, and Bartels-Golec-Biernat-Kowalski saturation models. The resulting fits show some differences, particularly, in the normalization of the dipole cross section ${\sigma }_0$. The refitted models are used for the dijet production process in DIS to investigate effects of the Sudakov form factor at Electron Ion Collider energies.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·7 citations
10. 10*

    Oblique corrections when $m_W\ne m_Z\cos {\theta }_W$ at tree level

    Simonas Draukšas🇱🇹 · Vytautas Dūdėnas🇱🇹 · Luís Lavoura🇵🇹

    The parametrization of the oblique corrections through $S$, $T$, and $U$ -- later extended by $V$, $W$, and $X$ -- is a convenient way of comparing the predictions for various electroweak observables at the one-loop level between the Standard Model and its extensions. That parametrization assumes that the extensions under consideration have $SU(2)\times U(1)$ gauge symmetry \emph{and} the tree-level relation $m_W=m_Z\cos {\theta }_W$ between the Weinberg angle and the gauge-boson masses. In models where that relation does not hold at the Lagrangian level, the parameter $T$ is not ultraviolet-finite, making the parametrization inadequate. We present expressions that parametrize the difference of the various predictions of two models with $m_W\ne m_Z\cos {\theta }_W$ in terms of oblique parameters. The parameter $T$ does not play a role in those expressions. Conveniently, they may be reached from the ones that were derived for models with tree-level $m_W=m_Z\cos {\theta }_W$, by performing a simple substitution for $T$. We also discuss the difficulties in using oblique parameters when comparing a model with $m_W\ne m_Z\cos {\theta }_W$ to the Standard Model. Finally, we compute the relevant five oblique parameters $S$, $U$, $V$, $W$, and $X$ in the SM extended by both, hypercharge $Y=0$ and $Y=1$, triplet scalars.

    hep-phPramana(2024)·9 citations
11. 11*

    Goodness of fit by Neyman-Pearson testing

    Gaia Grosso🇮🇹 · Marco Letizia🇮🇹 · Maurizio Pierini🇨🇭 · Andrea Wulzer🇪🇸

    The Neyman-Pearson strategy for hypothesis testing can be employed for goodness of fit if the alternative hypothesis is selected from data by exploring a rich parametrised family of models, while controlling the impact of statistical fluctuations. The New Physics Learning Machine (NPLM) methodology has been developed as a concrete implementation of this idea, to target the detection of new physical effects in the context of high energy physics collider experiments. In this paper we conduct a comparison of this approach to goodness of fit with others, in particular with classifier-based strategies that share strong similarities with NPLM. From our comparison, NPLM emerges as the more sensitive test to small departures of the data from the expected distribution and not biased towards detecting specific types of anomalies. These features make it suited for agnostic searches for new physics at collider experiments. Its deployment in other scientific and industrial scenarios should be investigated.

    hep-phstat.MLSciPost Phys.(2024)·19 citations
12. 12*

    Dirac-Majorana neutrinos distinction in four-body decays

    Juan Manuel Márquez🇲🇽 · Diego Portillo-Sánchez🇲🇽 · Pablo Roig🇲🇽

    A novel method to differentiate the effects of Dirac and Majorana (D-M) neutrinos in four-body decays has been discussed in arXiv:2106.11785. There, it is concluded that the back-to-back kinematic scenario seems to avoid the constraint imposed by the "practical Dirac-Majorana confusion theorem", as one does not need to fully integrate over neutrino and antineutrino momenta. In this paper, we propose to analyse radiative leptonic lepton-decays ($\ell \to {\ell }^{\prime }\nu \bar{\nu }\gamma$), as an independent alternative process to study the possible Majorana nature of neutrinos. Our approach demonstrates that, in the back-to-back kinematic configuration (for the ${\ell }^{\prime }-\gamma$ and $\nu -\bar{\nu }$ systems, respectively), the distinction between Dirac and Majorana cases disappears when the inaccessible neutrino angle is integrated out, which might appear unexpected considering the claims in arXiv:2106.11785. Our results apply in absence of non-standard interactions, which can enhance generally the sensitivity to the neutrino nature.

    hep-phPRD(2024)·9 citations
13. 13*

    QED corrections to parton distributions and Altarelli-Parisi splitting functions in the polarized case

    Daniel de Florian🇦🇷 · Lucas Palma Conte🇦🇷

    We discuss the effect of QED corrections in the evolution of polarized parton distributions. We solve the corresponding evolution equations exactly to $\mathcal{O}(\alpha )$ and $\mathcal{O}({\alpha }_s^2)$ in Mellin $N$-space, extending the available techniques for pure QCD evolution. To accomplish this, we introduce, for the first time, the Altarelli-Parisi polarized kernels at LO in QED. Furthermore, we perform a phenomenological analysis of the QED effects on polarized parton distributions (pPDFs), proposing different scenarios for the polarized photon density. Finally, we quantify the impact of the corresponding QED contributions to the polarized structure function $g_1$. We show that the relative corrections to both the pPDFs and the $g_1$ structure function are approximately at the few percent level, which is the order of magnitude expected considering the value of $\alpha$.

    hep-phEPJC(2023)·6 citations
14. 14*

    Axion Poltergeist

    Keisuke Harigaya🇺🇸 · Keisuke Inomata🇺🇸 · Takahiro Terada🇰🇷

    Rotations of axion fields in the early universe can produce dark matter and the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. We point out that the rotation can generate an observable amount of a stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background. It can be doubly enhanced in a class of models in which the equation of state of the rotations rapidly changes from a non-relativistic matter-like one to a kination-like one by 1) the so-called poltergeist mechanism and 2) slower redshift of GWs compared to the axion kination fluid. In supersymmetric UV completion, future GW observations can probe the supersymmetry-breaking scale up to $10^7$GeV even if the axion does not directly couple to the Standard Model fields.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thPRD(2023)·26 citations
15. 15*

    Reheating process in the $R^2$ inflationary model with the baryogenesis scenario

    Hyun Jeong🇯🇵 · Kohei Kamada🇯🇵 · Alexei A. Starobinsky🇷🇺 · Jun'ichi Yokoyama🇯🇵

    Post-inflationary evolution and (re)heating of the viable inflationary model, the $R^2$ one, is made more realistic by including the leptogenesis scenario into it. For this purpose, right-handed Majorana neutrinos with a large mass are added to the matter sector of the Standard Model to explain the neutrino oscillation experiments and the baryon asymmetry of the Universe. We have found parameters that characterize this model: non-minimal coupling of the Higgs field $\xi$, the mass of the right-handed Majorana neutrino $M_{N_{\alpha }}$ and the Yukawa coupling matrix components for the right-handed Majorana neutrino. We have analyzed the effect of these parameters on the reheating process and leptogenesis in this model and how they affect the resultant physical quantities: spectral parameters of primordial perturbations and baryon asymmetry.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2023)·20 citations
16. 16*

    Vector quarkonia at the LHC with JETHAD: A high-energy viewpoint

    Francesco Giovanni Celiberto🇪🇸

    In this review we discuss and extend the study of the inclusive production of vector quarkonia, $J/\psi$ and ${\rm Y}$, emitted with large transverse momenta and rapidities at the LHC. We adopt the novel ZCW19${}^{+}$ determination to depict the quarkonium production mechanism at the next-to-leading level of perturbative QCD. This approach is based on the nonrelativistic QCD formalism well adapted to describe the production of a quarkonium state from the collinear fragmentation of a gluon or a constituent heavy quark at the lowest energy scale. We rely upon the NLL/NLO${}^{+}$ hybrid high-energy and collinear factorization for differential cross sections, where the standard collinear formalism is enhanced by the BFKL resummation of next-to-leading energy logarithms arising in the $t$-channel. We employ the JETHAD method to analyze the behavior of rapidity distributions for double inclusive vector-quarkonium and inclusive vector-quarkonium plus jet emissions. We discovered that the natural stability of the high-energy series, previously observed in observables sensitive to the emission of hadrons with heavy flavor detected in the rapidity acceptance of LHC barrel calorimeters, becomes even more manifest when these particles are tagged in forward regions covered by endcaps. Our findings brace the important message that vector quarkonia at the LHC via the hybrid factorization offer a unique chance to perform precision studies of high-energy QCD, as well as an intriguing opportunity to shed light on the quarkonium production puzzle.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thUniverse(2023)·35 citations
17. 17*

    Terrestrial detection of hidden vectors produced by solar nuclear reactions

    Francesco D'Eramo🇮🇹 · Giuseppe Lucente🇮🇹 · Newton Nath🇮🇹 · Seokhoon Yun🇮🇹

    Solar nuclear reactions can occasionally produce sub-MeV elusive beyond the Standard Model particles that escape the solar interior without further interactions. This study focuses on massive spin-one particles. We construct the general theoretical framework and identify two crucial mixing sources involving the photon, which facilitate communication between the hidden and visible sectors: kinetic mixing with the photon, and plasma-induced mixing due to thermal electron loops. For both cases, we focus on the second stage of the solar proton-proton chain and evaluate the fluxes of monochromatic 5.49~MeV hidden vectors produced by the $p(d{,}^3\mathrm{He}){\gamma }^{\prime }$ nuclear reaction. We then investigate their terrestrial detection via Compton-like scatterings. The incoming fluxes are polarized, and we evaluate the cross sections for Compton-like scatterings for transverse and longitudinal vectors. Finally, we apply this framework to a concrete case by investigating the sensitivity of the forthcoming Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) experiment and identifying parameter space where current terrestrial bounds will be improved.

    hep-phastro-ph.SRhep-exJHEP(2023)·8 citations
18. 18*

    Predicting the baryon asymmetry with degenerate right-handed neutrinos

    S. Sandner🇪🇸 · P. Hernandez🇪🇸 · J. Lopez-Pavon🇪🇸 · N. Rius🇪🇸

    We consider the generation of a baryon asymmetry in an extension of the Standard Model with two singlet Majorana fermions that are degenerate above the electroweak phase transition. The model can explain neutrino masses as well as the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry, for masses of the heavy singlets below the electroweak scale. The only physical CP violating phases in the model are those in the PMNS mixing matrix, i.e. the Dirac phase and a Majorana phase that enter light neutrino observables. We present an accurate analytic approximation for the baryon asymmetry in terms of CP flavour invariants, and derive the correlations with neutrino observables. We demonstrate that the measurement of CP violation in neutrino oscillations as well as the mixings of the heavy neutral leptons with the electron, muon and tau flavours suffice to pin down the matter-antimatter asymmetry from laboratory measurements.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2023)·17 citations
19. 19*

    Classical Radiation Reaction in Red-Shifted Harmonics

    B. King🇬🇧

    The collision of a finite electromagnetic plane wave with an electron subject to the Landau-Lifshitz radiation reaction force is studied. A locally monochromatic approximation is derived and compared to numerical evaluation of the exact plane wave result. Energy and transverse momentum spectra are calculated, which clearly display the red-shifting of harmonic features due to radiation reaction effects. Simple formulas are presented to predict the shifting of harmonic edges, whose position can be used in experiments as evidence of radiation reaction.

    hep-phphysics.class-phphysics.plasm-ph4 citations
20. 20*

    Unraveling the nature of the novel ${\mathbf{T}}_{\mathbf{cs}}$ and ${\mathbf{T}}_{\mathbf{c}\bar{\mathbf{s}}}$ tetraquark candidates

    P.G. Ortega🇪🇸 · D.R. Entem🇪🇸 · F. Fernandez🇪🇸 · J. Segovia🇪🇸

    Using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies $7$, $8$, and $13$ TeV, with a total integrated luminosity of $9{\text{fb}}^{-1}$, the LHCb collaboration has performed amplitude analyses of the $B^{+}\to D^{+}{D}^{-}{K}^{+}$, $B^{+}\to D^{-}{D}_s^{+}{\pi }^{+}$ and $B^0\to {\bar{D}}^0{D}_s^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ decays, observing that new $T_{cs}$ and $T_{c\bar{s}}$ resonances are required in order to explain the experimental data. These signals could be the first observation of tetraquark candidates that do not contain a heavy quark-antiquark pair; in fact, they consist of four different flavours of quarks, one of which is a doubly charged open-charm state. We present herein an analysis of the $T_{cs}$ and $T_{c\bar{s}}$ states, which is an extension of our recently published study of similar $T_{cc}^{+}$ exotic candidates. Our theoretical framework is a constituent-quark-model-based coupled-channels calculation of $q{q}^{\prime }\bar{s}\bar{c}$ and $cq\bar{s}{\bar{q}}^{\prime }$ tetraquark sectors for $T_{cs}$ and $T_{c\bar{s}}$ structures, respectively. We explore the nature, and pole position, of the singularities that appear in the scattering matrix with spin-parity quantum numbers: $J^P=0^{\pm }$, $1^{\mp }$, and $2^{\pm }$. The constituent quark model has been widely used in the heavy quark sector, and thus all model parameters are already constrained from previous works. This makes our predictions robust and parameter-free. We find many singularities in the solution of various scattering-matrix problems which are either virtual states or resonances, but not bound states. Some of them fit well with the experimental observations of the spin-parity, mass and width of $T_{cs}$ and $T_{c\bar{s}}$ candidates, and thus tentative assignments are made; however, with caution, because the experimental Breit-Wigner parameters are related to the pole characteristics.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1PRD(2023)·30 citations
21. 21*

    Indirect Detection of Decaying Dark Matter with High Angular Resolution: Case for axion search by IRCS at Subaru Telescope

    Wen Yin🇯🇵 · Kohei Hayashi🇯🇵

    Recent advances in cosmic-ray detectors have provided exceptional sensitivities of dark matter with high angular resolution. Motivated by this, we present a comprehensive study of cosmic-ray flux from dark matter decay in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), with a focus on detectors possessing arcsecond-level field of view and/or angular resolution. We propose to use differential $D$-factors, which are estimated for various dSphs since such detectors are sensitive to their dark matter distributions. Our findings reveal that the resulting signal flux can experience a more than $O$(1-10) enhancement with different theoretical uncertainty compared to traditional estimations. Based on this analysis, we find that the Infrared Camera and Spectrograph (IRCS) installed on the 8.2m Subaru telescope can be a good dark matter detector for the mass in the eV range, particularly axion-like particles (ALPs). Observing the Draco or Ursa Major II galaxies with the IRCS for just a few nights will be sufficient to surpass the stellar cooling bounds for ALP dark matter with a mass in the range of $1\mathrm{eV}\lesssim m_a\lesssim 2\mathrm{eV}$.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEastro-ph.IMhep-phApJ(2024)·8 citations
22. 22*

    Constraints on late-forming exploding black holes

    Zachary S. C. Picker🇺🇸 · Alexander Kusenko🇺🇸

    Black holes can be produced in collapse of small-scale dark matter structures, which can happen at any time from the early to present-day universe. Microstructure black holes (MSBHs) can have a wide range of masses. Small MSBHs evaporate via Hawking radiation with lifetimes shorter than the age of the universe, but they are not subject to the usual early-universe bounds on the abundance of small primordial black holes. We investigate the possible signal of such a population of exploding, late-forming black holes, constraining their abundance with observations from diffuse extragalactic gamma- and x-ray sources, the galactic center, and dwarf spheroidal galaxies.

    ↳ astro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·16 citations
23. 23*

    Explaining the GeV excess with exploding black holes

    Zachary S. C. Picker🇺🇸 · Alexander Kusenko🇺🇸

    Black holes may form in present-day collapse of microscopic structures of dark matter. We show that, if microstructure black holes (MSBH) with mass $m\sim 10^{13}g$ are produced, the spectrum of gamma rays from their evaporation agrees remarkably well with the GeV excess observed by Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, while still avoiding all observational constraints. We also discuss the generic requirements for MSBHs to explain the GeV excess.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPLB(2023)·10 citations
24. 24*

    Statistics of Feynman amplitudes in ${\varphi }^4$-theory

    Paul-Hermann Balduf🇨🇦

    The amplitude of subdivergence-free logarithmically divergent Feynman graphs in ${\varphi }^4$-theory in 4 spacetime dimensions is given by a single number, the Feynman period. We numerically compute the periods of 1.3 million completed graphs, this represents more than 33 million graphs contributing to the beta function. Our data set includes all primitive graphs up to 13 loops, and non-complete samples up to 18 loops, with an accuracy of ca. 4 significant digits. We implement all known symmetries of the period in a new computer program and count them up to 14 loops. Combining the symmetries, we discover relations between periods that had been overlooked earlier. All expected symmetries are respected by the numerical values of periods. We examine the distribution of the numerically computed Feynman periods. We confirm the leading asymptotic growth of the average period with growing loop order, up to a factor of 2. At high loop order, a limiting distribution is reached for the amplitudes near the mean. A small class of graphs, most notably the zigzags, grows significantly faster than the mean and causes the limiting distribution to have divergent moments even when normalized to unit mean. We examine the relation between the period and various properties of the underlying graphs. We confirm the strong correlation with the Hepp bound, the Martin invariant, and the number of 6-edge cuts. We find that, on average, the amplitude of planar graphs is significantly larger than that of non-planar graphs, irrespective of $O(N)$ symmetry. We estimate the primitive contribution to the 18-loop beta function of the $O(N)$-symmetric theory. We find that primitive graphs constitute a large part of the beta function in MS for $L\to \infty$ loops. The relative contribution of planar graphs increases with growing $N$ and decreases with growing loop order $L$.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·10 citations
25. 25*

    Non-equilibrium dynamics of dipole-charged fields in the Proca theory

    Bogdan Damski🇵🇱

    We discuss the dynamics of field configurations encoded in the certain class of electric (magnetic) dipole-charged states in the Proca theory of the real massive vector field. We construct such states so as to ensure that the long distance structure of the mean electromagnetic field in them is initially set by the formula describing the electromagnetic field of the electric (magnetic) dipole. We analyze then how such a mean electromagnetic field evolves in time. We find that far away from the center of the initial field configuration, the long range component of the mean electromagnetic field harmonically oscillates, which leads to the phenomenon of the periodic oscillations of the electric (magnetic) dipole moment. We also find that near the center of the initial field configuration, the mean electromagnetic field escapes from its initial arrangement and a spherical shock wave propagating with the speed of light appears in the studied system. A curious configuration of the axisymmetric mean electric field is found to accompany the mean magnetic field in magnetic dipole-charged states.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phNPB(2024)·2 citations
26. 26*

    $\epsilon$-factorized differential equations for two-loop non-planar triangle Feynman integrals with elliptic curves

    Xuhang Jiang🇨🇳 · Xing Wang🇩🇪 · Li Lin Yang🇨🇳 · Jingbang Zhao🇨🇳

    In this paper, we investigate two-loop non-planar triangle Feynman integrals involving elliptic curves. In contrast to the Sunrise and Banana integral families, the triangle families involve non-trivial sub-sectors. We show that the methodology developed in the context of Banana integrals can also be extended to these cases and obtain $\epsilon$-factorized differential equations for all sectors. The letters are combinations of modular forms on the corresponding elliptic curves and algebraic functions arising from the sub-sectors. With uniform transcendental boundary conditions, we express our results in terms of iterated integrals order-by-order in the dimensional regulator, which can be evaluated efficiently. Our method can be straightforwardly generalized to other elliptic integral families and have important applications to precision physics at current and future high-energy colliders.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·26 citations
27. 27*

    Nucleon-Nucleon elastic and inelastic scattering using quantum field theory: a comparative study

    Raghad Al-Bakri🇸🇦 · Bassam Shehadeh🇸🇦

    In this paper, we use Yukawa theory to calculate differential and total cross-sections for elastic and inelastic scattering in nucleon-nucleon interactions. We start from the fundamental Lagrangian and derive the $T$-matrix and hence the invariant scattering matrix leading towards the differential and total cross section. We perform calculations utilizing two types of Yukawa interaction terms: 1) scalar current, and 2) pseudoscalar current. We also carry out calculations in a laboratory frame. Calculated results using scalar current exhibits the exact features of elastic and inelastic scattering. The results agree very well with the differential cross-sections for experimental data. The pseudoscalar current calculations do not offer reasonable results and features of the NN interactions. The simplicity of the theory makes it all the more impressive, thus it can be used in place of more complicated field theories to describe NN interactions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phphysics.comp-ph1 citation
28. 28*

    Gravitational lensing effect on cosmic birefringence

    Fumihiro Naokawa🇯🇵 · Toshiya Namikawa🇯🇵

    We calculate the effect of gravitational lensing on the parity-odd power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization induced by axionlike particles (ALPs). Several recent works have reported a tantalizing hint of cosmic birefringence, a rotation of the linear polarization plane of CMB, which ALPs can explain. In future CMB observations, we can measure cosmic birefringence more precisely to get insight into ALPs. We find that the lensing effect is necessary to fit the observed EB power spectrum induced by cosmic birefringence in future CMB observations, including Simons Observatory and CMB-S4. We also show that the estimated ALPs parameters are biased if we ignore the lensing effect. Therefore, the lensing correction to the parity-odd power spectra must be included in future high-resolution CMB experiments.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·26 citations
29. 29*

    Probing high frequency gravitational waves with pulsars

    Asuka Ito🇯🇵 · Kazunori Kohri🇯🇵 · Kazunori Nakayama🇯🇵

    We study graviton-photon conversion in magnetosphere of a pulsar and explore the possibility of detecting high frequency gravitational waves with pulsar observations. It is shown that conversion of one polarization mode of photons can be enhanced significantly due to strong magnetic fields around a pulsar. We also constrain stochastic gravitational waves in frequency range of $10^8-10^9$Hz and $10^{13}-10^{27}$Hz by using data of observations of the Crab pulsar and the Geminga pulsar. Our method widely fills the gap among existing high frequency gravitational wave experiments and boosts the frequency frontier in gravitational wave observations.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2024)·43 citations
30. 30*

    On a procedure to derive $ϵ$-factorised differential equations beyond polylogarithms

    Lennard Görges🇩🇪 · Christoph Nega🇩🇪 · Lorenzo Tancredi🇩🇪 · Fabian J. Wagner🇩🇪

    In this manuscript, we elaborate on a procedure to derive $ϵ$-factorised differential equations for multi-scale, multi-loop classes of Feynman integrals that evaluate to special functions beyond multiple polylogarithms. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach to diverse classes of problems, by working out $ϵ$-factorised differential equations for single- and multi-scale problems of increasing complexity. To start we are reconsidering the well-studied equal-mass two-loop sunrise case, and move then to study other elliptic two-, three- and four-point problems depending on multiple different scales. Finally, we showcase how the same approach allows us to obtain $ϵ$-factorised differential equations also for Feynman integrals that involve geometries beyond a single elliptic curve.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·90 citations
31. 31*

    Approaches to inclusive semileptonic $B_{(s)}$-meson decays from Lattice QCD

    Alessandro Barone🇬🇧 · Shoji Hashimoto🇯🇵 · Andreas Jüttner🇬🇧 · Takashi Kaneko🇯🇵 · Ryan Kellermann🇯🇵

    We address the nonperturbative calculation of the inclusive decay rate of semileptonic $B_{(s)}$-meson decays from lattice QCD. Precise Standard-Model predictions are key ingredients in searches for new physics, and this type of computation may eventually provide new insight into the long-standing tension between the inclusive and exclusive determinations of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix elements $|V_{cb}|$ and $|V_{ub}|$. We present results from a pilot lattice computation for $B_s\to X_{c}l{\nu }_l$, where the initial $b$ quark described by the relativistic-heavy-quark (RHQ) formalism on the lattice and the other valence quarks discretised with domain-wall fermions are simulated approximately at their physical quark masses. We compare two different methods for computing the decay rate from lattice data of Euclidean $n$-point functions, namely Chebyshev and Backus-Gilbert approaches. We further study how much the ground-state meson dominates the inclusive decay rate and indicate our strategy towards a computation with a more comprehensive systematic error budget.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phJHEP(2023)·59 citations
32. 32*

    Dark Sectors with Mass Thresholds Face Cosmological Datasets

    Itamar J. Allali🇺🇸 · Fabrizio Rompineve🇨🇭 · Mark P. Hertzberg🇺🇸

    Interacting dark sectors may undergo changes in the number of their relativistic species during the early universe, due to a mass threshold $m$ (similar to changes in the Standard Model bath), and in doing so affect the cosmic history. When such changes occur close to recombination, i.e., for $m\sim (0.1-10)\text{eV}$, the stringent bound on the effective number of neutrino species, $N_{\text{eff}}$, can be relaxed and the value of the Hubble expansion rate $H_0$ inferred from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations raised. We search for such sectors (with and without mass thresholds) in the latest cosmological datasets, including the full-shape (FS) of BOSS DR12 galaxy power spectrum. We perform a detailed analysis, accounting for the choice of prior boundaries and additionally exploring the possible effects of dark sector interactions with (a fraction of) the dark matter. We find $\Delta N_{\text{eff}}\le 0.55(0.46)$ at 95% C.L. with (without) a mass threshold. While a significantly larger Hubble rate is achieved in this scenario, $H_0=69.01_{-1.1}^{+0.66}$, the overall fit to CMB+FS data does not provide a compelling advantage over the $\Lambda$CDM model. Furthermore, we find that dark matter interactions with the dark sector do not significantly improve the (matter fluctuations) $S_8$ tension with respect to the $\Lambda$CDM model. Our work provides model-independent constraints on (decoupled) dark sectors with mass thresholds around the eV scale.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·24 citations
33. 33*

    Type Ia Supernovae Induced by Primordial Black Holes from Dark First-Order Phase Transition

    Pin-Jung Chen · Po-Yan Tseng🇹🇼

    A primordial black hole (PBH) with mass $10^{-15}\le M_{\mathrm{PBH}}/M_{\odot }\le 10^{-10}$ is currently beyond the sensitivity of both microlensing and black hole (BH) evaporation methods. A novel scenario has been proposed: When a PBH with mass $10^{-14}\le M_{\mathrm{PBH}}/M_{\odot }\le 10^{-11}$ transits through a white dwarf (WD) made up of carbon and oxygen, Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton (BHL) accretion in a reactive medium creates a shock wave, which generates direct detonation ignition in the WD core and then leads to thermonuclear supernovae (SNe Ia). The aim of this study is to impose constraints on the PBH to dark matter (DM) abundance fraction, $f_{\mathrm{PBH}}$, via comparing the SN Ia event rates between PBH hypotheses and observational data. For PBH fraction less than unity, we found the observed event rate prefers PBH mass region, $7.6\times 10^{-13}\le M_{\mathrm{PBH}}/M_{\odot }\le 6.1\times 10^{-12}$, under the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) profile. Meanwhile, the aforementioned PBH mass and abundance can be efficiently produced via a cosmological first-order phase transition (FOPT) in dark sector which associates with $\mathcal{O}(\mathrm{MeV})$ energy scale and thus gives rise to complementary signals of stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) from $10^{-6}$ Hz to $10^{-5}$ Hz peak frequency which can be probed by future $\mu$Ares GW interferometer.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phJHEAp(2023)·5 citations
34. 34*

    From Shockwaves to the Gravitational Memory Effect

    Temple He🇺🇸 · Ana-Maria Raclariu🇳🇱 · Kathryn M. Zurek🇺🇸

    We study the relationship between shockwave geometries and the gravitational memory effect in four-dimensional asymptotically flat spacetime. In particular, we show the 't Hooft commutation relations of shockwave operators are equivalent to the commutation relation between soft and Goldstone modes parametrizing a sector of the gravitational phase space. We demonstrate this equivalence via a diffeomorphism that takes a shockwave metric to a metric whose transverse traceless component is the gravitational memory. The shockwave momentum in 't Hooft's analysis is related to the soft graviton mode, which is responsible for the memory effect, while the shift in the shockwave position is related to the Goldstone mode. This equivalence opens new directions to utilize the gravitational memory effect to explore the observational implications of shockwave geometries in flat space.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2024)·28 citations
35. 35*

    Cavity effect in the quasinormal mode spectrum of topological stars

    Pierre Heidmann🇺🇸 · Nicholas Speeney🇺🇸 · Emanuele Berti🇺🇸 · Ibrahima Bah🇺🇸

    We study scalar perturbations of topological solitons, smooth horizonless solutions in five-dimensional Einstein-Maxwell theory that correspond to coherent states of gravity via the dynamics of extra compact dimensions. First, we compute scalar quasinormal modes for topological stars that have a single unstable photon sphere, and we show that the spectrum is very similar to that of a black hole with the same photon sphere. Next, we study topological stars that have both a stable inner photon sphere and an unstable one. The first few quasinormal modes are localized around the inner photon sphere. The spectrum also contains ''black-hole like modes'' localized at the unstable outer photon sphere. The frequencies of these modes are similar to those of a black hole, but their imaginary part is smaller due to a cavity effect associated with the inner photon sphere. The longer damping produced by this trapping effect may have implications for black hole spectroscopy.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·34 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.