Mon·May 22, 2023Monday·May 22, 2023

1. 01*

   Minimal Preheating

   Robert Brandenberger🇨🇦 · Vahid Kamali🇨🇦 · Rudnei O. Ramos (McGill)🇧🇷

   An oscillating inflaton field induces small amplitude oscillations of the Hubble parameter at the end of inflation. These Hubble parameter induced oscillations, in turn, trigger parametric particle production of all light fields, even if they are not directly coupled to the inflaton. We here study the induced particle production for a light scalar field (e.g. the Standard Model Higgs field) after inflation as a consequence of this effect. Our analysis yields a model-independent lower bound on the efficiency of energy transfer from the inflaton condensate to particle excitations.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-th5 citations
2. 02*

   Optimal estimation of Dimension-8 Neutral Triple Gauge Couplings at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ Colliders

   Sahabub Jahedi🇮🇳

   We investigate the measurement of non-standard ZZV (V = {\gamma}, Z) couplings through Z-boson pair production at the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders. We adopt Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) approach to study these anomalous neutral triple gauge couplings. There are one CP-conserving and three CP-violating dim-8 SMEFT operators that contribute to ZZV couplings. Using optimal observable technique, the sensitivity of these NP couplings has been estimated and then we compare it with the latest experimental limits on dim-8 couplings at CERN LHC. Effect of beam polarization and correlations among CP-violating ZZV couplings are discussed. Comparison of statistical limits of new physics couplings between optimal observable technique and contemporary cut-based analysis has also been studied in detail.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·24 citations
3. 03*

   Constraining $\eta /s$ through high-p${}_{\perp }$ theory and data

   Bithika Karmakar🇷🇸 · Dusan Zigic🇷🇸 · Igor Salom🇷🇸 · Jussi Auvinen🇷🇸 · Pasi Huovinen🇵🇱 · Marko Djordjevic🇷🇸 · Magdalena Djordjevic🇷🇸

   We study whether it is possible to use high-$p_{\perp }$ data/theory to constrain the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity over entropy density ratio $\eta /s$ of the matter formed in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We use two approaches: i) We calculate high-$p_{\perp }$ $R_{AA}$ and flow coefficients $v_2$, $v_3$ and $v_4$ assuming different $(\eta /s)(T)$ of the fluid-dynamically evolving medium. ii) We calculate the quenching strength ($\hat{q}/T^3$) from our dynamical energy loss model and convert it to $\eta /s$ as a function of temperature. It turned out that the first approach can not distinguish between different $(\eta /s)(T)$ assumptions when the evolution is constrained to reproduce the low-$p_{\perp }$ data. In distinction, $(\eta /s)(T)$ calculated using the second approach agrees surprisingly well with the $(\eta /s)(T)$ inferred through state-of-the-art Bayesian analyses of the low-$p_{\perp }$ data even in the vicinity of $T_c$, while providing much smaller uncertainties at high temperatures.

   hep-phnucl-thPRC(2023)·27 citations
4. 04*

   Precision studies for the partonic kinematics calculation through Machine Learning

   David F. Renteria-Estrada🇲🇽 · Roger J. Hernandez-Pinto🇲🇽 · G. F. R. Sborlini🇪🇸 · Pia Zurita🇩🇪

   High Energy collider experiments are moving to the highest precision frontier quickly. The predictions of observables are based on the factorization formula which helps to connect small to large distances. These predictions can be contrasted with experimental measurements and the success of this phenomenological approach is based on the correct description of nature. The application of the method to proton-proton colliders brings new challenges due to the proton structure and the detectors efficiency on reconstructing hadrons. Furthermore, since the non-perturbative distribution functions takes an important role to describe the experimental distributions, the presence of them makes the information of the partons diluted. At Leading Order (LO) in perturbative calculations, the momentum fractions involved in hard scattering processes are known exactly in terms of kinematical variables of initial and final states hadrons. However, at Next-to-Leading Order (NLO) and beyond, a closed analytical formula is not available. Furthermore, from the pure theoretical calculation, the exact definition of the momentum fraction is very challenging. In this work, we report a methodology based on Machine Learning techniques for the extraction of momentum fractions for $p+p\to {\pi }^{+}+\gamma$ using a Monte Carlo simulation including quantum corrections up to Next-to-Leading Order in Quantum Chromodynamics and Leading Order in Quantum Electrodymics. Our findings point towards a methodology to find the fundamental properties of the internal structure of hadrons because the reconstructed momentum fractions deeply relate our perturbative models with experimental measurements.

   hep-phRev.Mex.Fis.Suppl.(2023)·0 citations
5. 05*

   Chiral anomaly in a (1+1)-dimensional Floquet system under high-frequency electric fields

   Kenji Fukushima🇯🇵 · Yoshimasa Hidaka🇯🇵 · Takuya Shimazaki🇯🇵 · Hidetoshi Taya🇯🇵

   We investigate the chiral anomaly in a Floquet system under a time-periodic electric field in (1+1) dimensions. Using the van~Vleck high-frequency expansion, we analytically calculate the chiral current and the pseudo-scalar condensate for massless/massive fermions and how they are balanced with the topological charge. In the high-frequency limit, we find that finite-mass effects are suppressed and the topological charge is dominated by the chirality production. Our calculations show that the information about the chiral anomaly is stored not in the static Floquet Hamiltonian but in the periodic kick operator. The computational steps are useful as the theoretical foundation for higher-dimensional generalization.

   hep-phcond-mat.str-elhep-thnucl-thAnnals Phys.(2023)·6 citations
6. 06*

   Nuclear effects in extracting ${\sin }^2{\theta }_W$ and a probe for short-range correlations

   Xing-Hua Yang🇨🇳 · Fei Huang🇨🇳 · Ji Xu🇨🇳

   We investigate the neutral-current neutrino-nucleon deep inelastic scattering with particular emphasis on short-range correlation and EMC effect, as well as their impact on the weak-mixing angle ${\sin }^2{\theta }_W$ determination. The ratios of structure function $F_{2(NC)}^A$ and $x{F}_{3(NC)}^A$ are presented where the nuclei $A$ are chosen as carbon, iron and lead. One kind of universal modification function is proposed which would provide a nontrivial test of SRC universality on the platform of neutrino-nucleon DIS. In addition, we study the impact of ``SRC-driven'' nuclear effects on the extraction of ${\sin }^2{\theta }_W$ which is naturally associated with the renowned NuTeV anomaly. The results indicate that these effects may account for a substantial fraction of the NuTeV anomaly and considerably affect the value of extracted ${\sin }^2{\theta }_W$.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·8 citations
7. 07*

   Extra Dimensions and Physics of Low Scale Strings

   Ignatios Antoniadis🇫🇷 · Karim Benakli🇫🇷

   This review aims to provide a very short and pedestrian introduction to some of the basics of extra-dimensional physics. The hope is to facilitate access and to be, in some respects, complementary to the many already existing reviews on phenomenological applications of extra dimensions in our Universe.

   hep-phhep-th5 citations
8. 08*

   Survival Probability of Unstable States in Coupled-Channels -- nonexponential decay of "threshold-cusp"

   Wren A. Yamada🇯🇵 · Osamu Morimatsu🇯🇵 · Toru Sato🇯🇵 · Koichi Yazaki🇯🇵

   We investigate the survival probability of unstable states, the time-dependence of an initial state, in coupled channels. First, we extend the formulation of the survival probability from single channel to coupled channels (two channels). We derive an exact general expression of the two-channel survival probability using uniformization, a method which makes the coupled-channel S matrix single-valued, and the Mittag-Leffler expansion, i.e. a pole expansion. Second, we calculate the time dependence of the two-channel survival probability by employing the derived expression. It is the minimal distance between the pole and the physical region in the complex energy plane, not the imaginary part of the pole energy, which determines not only the energy spectrum of the Green's function but also the survival probability. The survival probability of the "threshold-cusp" caused by a pole on the unusual complex-energy Riemann sheet is shown to decay, not grow in time though the imaginary part of the pole energy is positive. We also show that the decay of the "threshold-cusp" is non-exponential. Thus, the "threshold-cusp" is shown to be a new type of unstable mode, which is found only in coupled channels.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-thquant-phPRD(2023)·6 citations
9. 09*

   Modified S-wave $\pi \pi$ scattering amplitude for multiparticle PWA

   Igor Kachaev · IHEP

   Suggested by Au, Morgan, Pennington (AMP) S-wave isospin I=0 $\pi \pi$, $KK$ scattering amplitude is good enough to describe experimental data for the moment. Still it has two disadvantages for use in multiparticle partial wave analysis (PWA), namely sharp drop at the $KK$ threshold and unreasonable behavior at $M(\pi \pi )>1.6GeV/c^2$. The drop is not seen in multiparticle systems. We suggest the modified AMP amplitude, mAMP, for the only aim, namely to describe the broad part of $S$-wave $\pi \pi \to \pi \pi$ scattering in the wide $M(\pi \pi )$ range in multiparticle PWA. The mAMP amplitude describes threshold behavior of the $\pi \pi \to \pi \pi$ scattering and the wide structure at $M\sim 1400MeV/c^2$ reasonably well. It is assumed that narrow objects $f_0(980)$, $f_0(1500)$ are included in PWA separately. The amplitude does not describe $\pi \pi \to KK$ scattering. The mAMP amplitude is purely phenomenological.

   hep-ph5 citations
10. 10*

    Searching for a Heavy Neutral CP-Even Higgs Boson in the BLSSM at the LHC Run 3 and HL-LHC

    M. Ashry🇪🇬 · S. Khalil🇪🇬 · S. Moretti🇬🇧

    The detection of a heavy neutral CP-even Higgs boson of the $B-L$ Supersymmetric Standard Model (BLSSM), $h^{\prime }$, with $m_{h^{\prime }}\simeq 400\text{GeV}$, at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=14\text{TeV}$, is investigated. The following production and decay channels are considered: $gg\to h^{\prime }\to ZZ\to 4\ell$ and $gg\to h^{\prime }\to W^{+}{W}^{-}\to 2\ell +\text{slashed}{E}_T$ (with $\text{slashed}{E}_T$ being the Missing~Transverse~Energy~(MET)), where $\ell =e,\mu$, with integrated luminosity $L_{\text{int}}=300{\text{fb}}^{-1}$ (Run 3). Furthermore, we also look into the di-Higgs channel $gg\to h^{\prime }\to hh\to b\bar{b}\gamma \gamma$ at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) with an integrated luminosity of $L_{\text{int}}=3000{\text{fb}}^{-1}$. We demonstrate that promising signals with high statistical significance can be obtained through the three aforementioned channels.

    hep-phEPJC(2024)·4 citations
11. 11*

    Higgs boson production at next-to-leading logarithmic accuracy

    Francesco Giovanni Celiberto🇪🇸 · Michael Fucilla🇮🇹 · Dmitry Yu. Ivanov🇷🇺 · Mohammed M.A. Mohammed🇮🇹 · Alessandro Papa🇮🇹

    It has been recently argued that the inclusive hadroproduction at the LHC of a Higgs boson in association with a jet can be sensitive to the high-energy dynamics. Moreover, the impact of the resummation at FCC energies is expected to be large also in the inclusive cross section for the main Higgs production channel in proton-proton collisions, namely the gluon fusion. As the energy increases, a pure $k_t$-factorization framework or a collinear-factorization approach supplemented by the high-energy resummation are adequate formalisms to describe these processes. In both cases, the fundamental missing ingredient for a next-to-leading logarithmic description is the Higgs boson impact factor. We present the full next-to-leading result for the forward Higgs impact factor, obtained in the infinite top-mass limit, discussing possible future extensions, such as the calculation of the impact factor in the central rapidity region.

    hep-ph11 citations
12. 12*

    Gravitational waves from walls bounded by strings in $SO(10)$ model of pseudo-Goldstone dark matter

    Rinku Maji🇰🇷 · Wan-Il Park🇰🇷 · Qaisar Shafi🇺🇸

    We explore the gravitational wave spectrum generated by string-wall structures in an $SO(10)$ ($Spin(10)$) based scenario of pseudo-Goldstone boson dark matter (pGDM) particle. This dark matter candidate is a linear combination of the Standard Model (SM) singlets present in the 126 and 16 dimensional Higgs fields. The Higgs $126$-plet vacuum expectation value (VEV) $⟨126_H⟩$ leaves unbroken the ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ subgroup of ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$, the center of $SO(10)$. Among other things, this yields topologically stable cosmic strings with a string tension $\mu \sim {⟨126_H⟩}^2$. The subsequent (spontaneous) breaking of ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ at a significantly lower scale by the $16$-plet VEV $⟨16_H⟩$ leads to the appearance of domain walls bounded by the strings produced earlier. We display the gravitational wave spectrum for $G\mu$ values varying between $10^{-15}$ and $10^{-9}$ ($⟨126_H⟩\sim 10^{11}$ - $10^{14}$ GeV), and $⟨16_H⟩\sim 0.1$ - $10^2$ TeV range ($G$ denotes Newton's constant.) These predictions can be tested, as we show, by a variety of (proposed) experiments including LISA, ET, CE and others.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPLB(2023)·27 citations
13. 13*

    Test of new physics effects in $\bar{B}\to (D^{(\ast )},\pi ){\ell }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decays with heavy and light leptons

    Ipsita Ray🇮🇳 · Soumitra Nandi🇮🇳

    We study the $\bar{B}\to D(D^{\ast }){\ell }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decays based on the up-to-date available inputs from experiments and the lattice. First, we review the standard model (SM) predictions of the different observables associated with these decay channels. In the analyses, we consider new physics (NP) effects in the channels with the heavy ($\tau$), as well as the light leptons ($\mu ,e$). We have extracted $|V_{cb}|$ along with the new physics Wilson coefficients (WCs) from the available data on light leptons; the extracted value of $|V_{cb}|$ is $(40.3\pm 0.5)\times 10^{-3}$. The extracted WCs are zero consistent, but some could be of order $10^{-2}$. Also, we have done the simultaneous analysis of the data in $\bar{B}\to D^{(\ast )}({\mu }^{-},e^{-})\bar{\nu }$ alongside the inputs on $R(D^{(\ast )})=\frac{\Gamma (\bar{B}\to D^{(\ast )}{\tau }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau })}{\Gamma (\bar{B}\to D^{(\ast )}{\ell }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell })}$ and the $D^{\ast }$ longitudinal polarisation fraction $F_L^{D^{\ast }}$ in different NP scenarios and extracted $|V_{cb}|$ which is consistent with the number mentioned above. Also, the simultaneous explanation of $R(D^{(\ast )})$ and $F_L^{D^{\ast }}$ is not possible in the one-operator scenarios. However, the two operator scenarios with ${\mathcal{O}}_{S_2}^{\tau }=({\bar{q}}_R{b}_L)({\bar{\tau }}_R{\nu }_{\tau L})$ as one of the operators could explain all these three measurements. Finally, we have given predictions of all the related observables in $\bar{B}\to D^{(\ast )}({\tau }^{-},{\mu }^{-},e^{-})\bar{\nu }$ decays in the NP scenarios, which could be tested in future experiments. We have repeated this exercise for $\bar{B}\to \pi {\ell }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\ell }$ decays with the light lepton and extracted $|V_{ub}|$ and the new WCs. Finally, using all these available data for the light and heavy leptons, we have given bounds on the couplings of the relevant SM effective field theory (SMEFT) operators and the probable NP scale $\Lambda$.

    hep-phhep-exhep-latJHEP(2024)·41 citations
14. 14*

    Precise prediction for the mass of the $W$ boson in gauged U(1) extensions of the standard model

    Zoltán Péli🇭🇺 · Zoltán Trócsányi🇭🇺

    We present the one-loop radiative corrections to the muon decay in U(1)${}_z$ extensions of the standard model. We compute the mass of the $W$ boson using those corrections and compare it to an approximation of the complete one-loop prediction implemented in automated computational tools. We point out that the truncation of the complete formulas become unreliable if the mass of the $Z^{\prime }$ boson, corresponding to the new U(1)${}_z$ gauge group is larger than about 1 TeV.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·12 citations
15. 15*

    Dark matter in the Higgs resonance region

    Mattia Di Mauro🇮🇹 · Chiara Arina🇧🇪 · Nicolao Fornengo🇮🇹 · Jan Heisig🇺🇸 · Daniele Massaro🇧🇪

    The singlet scalar Higgs portal model provides one of the simplest explanations of dark matter in our Universe. Its Higgs resonant region, $m_{\text{DM}}\approx m_h/2$, has gained particular attention, being able to reconcile the tension between the relic density measurement and direct detection constraints. Interestingly, this region is also preferred as an explanation of the Fermi-LAT $\gamma$-ray Galactic center excess. We perform a detailed study of this model using $\gamma$-ray data from the Galactic center and from dwarf spheroidal galaxies and combine them with cosmic-ray antiproton data from the AMS-02 experiment that shows a compatible excess. In the calculation of the relic density, we take into account effects of early kinetic decoupling relevant for resonant annihilation. The model provides excellent fits to the astrophysical data either in the case the dark matter candidate constitutes all or a subdominant fraction of the observed relic density. We show projections for future direct detection and collider experiments to probe these scenarios.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2023)·29 citations
16. 16*

    Engineering the sensitivity of macroscopic physical systems to variations in the fine-structure constant

    Beata Zjawin · Marcin Bober · Roman Ciuryło · Daniel Lisak · Michał Zawada · Piotr Wcisło

    Experiments aimed at searching for variations in the fine-structure constant $\alpha$ are based on spectroscopy of transitions in microscopic bound systems, such as atoms and ions, or resonances in optical cavities. The sensitivities of these systems to variations in $\alpha$ are typically on the order of unity and are fixed for a given system. For heavy atoms, highly charged ions and nuclear transitions, the sensitivity can be increased by benefiting from the relativistic effects and favorable arrangement of quantum states. This article proposes a new method for controlling the sensitivity factor of macroscopic physical systems. Specific concepts of optical cavities with tunable sensitivity to $\alpha$ are described. These systems show qualitatively different properties from those of previous studies of the sensitivity of macroscopic systems to variations in $\alpha$, in which the sensitivity was found to be fixed and fundamentally limited to an order of unity. Although possible experimental constraints attainable with the specific optical cavity arrangements proposed in this article do not yet exceed the present best constraints on $\alpha$ variations, this work paves the way for developing new approaches to searching for variations in the fundamental constants of physics.

    ↳ physics.atom-phastro-ph.HEhep-phEPL(2021)·0 citations
17. 17*

    The origin of low-redshift event rate excess as revealed by the low-luminosity GRBs

    X. F. Dong🇨🇳 · Z. B. Zhang🇨🇳 · Q. M. Li🇨🇳 · Y. F. Huang🇨🇳 · K. Bian

    The relation between the event rate of long Gamma-Ray Bursts at low redshift and the star formation rate is still controversial, especially in the low-redshift end. Dong et al. confirmed that the Gamma-Ray Burst rate always exceeds the star formation rate at low-redshift of z < 1 in despite of the sample completeness. However, the reason of low-redshift excess is still unclear. Considering low-luminosity bursts with smaller redshift generally, we choose three Swift long burst samples and classify them into low- and high-luminosity bursts in order to check whether the low-redshift excess is existent and if the excess is biased by the sample size and completeness. To degenerate the redshift evolution from luminosity, we adopt the non-parametric method to study the event rate of the two types of long bursts in each sample. It is found that the high-luminosity burst rates are consistent with the star formation rate within the whole redshift range while the event rates of low-luminosity bursts exceed the star formation rate at low redshift of z < 1. Consequently, we conclude that the low-redshift excess is contributed by the low-luminosity bursts with possibly new origins unconnected with the star formation, which is also independent of the sample size and the sample completeness.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2023)·20 citations
18. 18*

    EDGES and JWST with 21cm global signal emulator

    Shintaro Yoshiura🇦🇺 · Teppei Minoda🇯🇵 · Tomo Takahashi🇯🇵

    The 21cm global signal is an important probe to reveal the properties of the first astrophysical objects and the processes of the structure formation from which one can constrain astrophysical and cosmological parameters. To extract the information of such parameters, one needs to efficiently evaluate the 21cm global signal for statistical analysis. First we developed an artificial neural network-based emulator to predict the 21cm global signal, which works with significantly less computational cost and high precision. Then we apply our emulator to demonstrate the parameter estimation based on the Bayesian analysis by using the publicly available EDGES low-band data. We find that the result is sensitive to the foreground model, the assumption of noise, and the frequency range used in the analysis. The Bayesian evidence suggests the models with higher order polynomial function and enhanced noise are preferred. We also compare models suggested from the EDGES low-band data and the ones from recent JWST measurements of the galaxy luminosity function at $z=16$. We find that the model which produces the 21cm absorption line at $z\approx 15$ is well consistent with the central value of the observed luminosity function at $z=16$.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph6 citations
19. 19*

    Quantum sensing for particle physics

    Steven D. Bass🇵🇱 · Michael Doser🇨🇭

    Quantum sensing is a rapidly growing approach to probe fundamental physics and explore new phase space for possible new physics with precision and highly sensitive measurements in our quest to understand the deep structure of matter and its interactions. This field uses properties of quantum mechanics in the detectors to go beyond traditional measurement techniques. Key particle physics topics where quantum sensing can play a vital role include neutrino properties, tests of fundamental symmetries (Lorentz invariance and the equivalence principle as well as searches for electric dipole moments and possible variations in fundamental constants), the search for dark matter and testing ideas about the nature of dark energy. Interesting new sensor technologies include atom interferometry, optomechanical devices, and atomic and nuclear clocks including with entanglement. This Perspective explores the opportunities for these technologies in future particle physics experiments, opening new windows on the structure of the Universe.

    ↳ quant-phhep-exhep-phphysics.ins-detNature Rev.Phys.(2024)·71 citations
20. 20*

    Generalizing to new geometries with Geometry-Aware Autoregressive Models (GAAMs) for fast calorimeter simulation

    Junze Liu🇺🇸 · Aishik Ghosh🇺🇸 · Dylan Smith🇺🇸 · Pierre Baldi🇺🇸 · Daniel Whiteson🇺🇸

    Generation of simulated detector response to collision products is crucial to data analysis in particle physics, but computationally very expensive. One subdetector, the calorimeter, dominates the computational time due to the high granularity of its cells and complexity of the interactions. Generative models can provide more rapid sample production, but currently require significant effort to optimize performance for specific detector geometries, often requiring many models to describe the varying cell sizes and arrangements, without the ability to generalize to other geometries. We develop a $\text{geometry-aware}$ autoregressive model, which learns how the calorimeter response varies with geometry, and is capable of generating simulated responses to unseen geometries without additional training. The geometry-aware model outperforms a baseline unaware model by over $50\%$ in several metrics such as the Wasserstein distance between the generated and the true distributions of key quantities which summarize the simulated response. A single geometry-aware model could replace the hundreds of generative models currently designed for calorimeter simulation by physicists analyzing data collected at the Large Hadron Collider. This proof-of-concept study motivates the design of a foundational model that will be a crucial tool for the study of future detectors, dramatically reducing the large upfront investment usually needed to develop generative calorimeter models.

    ↳ physics.ins-detcs.LGhep-exhep-ph+1JINST(2023)·16 citations
21. 21*

    Testing the Scalar Weak Gravity Conjecture in No-scale Supergravity

    Emilian Dudas🇫🇷 · Tony Gherghetta🇺🇸 · Keith A. Olive🇺🇸 · Sarunas Verner🇺🇸

    We explore possible extensions of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) to scalar field theories. To avoid charged black hole remnants, the WGC requires the existence of a particle with a mass $m<gq{M}_P$, with charge $q$ and U(1) gauge coupling $g$, allowing the decay to shed the black hole charge. Although there is no obvious problem that arises in the absence of a U(1) charge, it has been postulated that gravity must remain the weakest force even when extended to scalar interactions. Quantifying this conjecture may be done by comparing scalar and gravitational amplitudes, or as we advocate here by comparing scattering cross sections. In theories with non-trivial field space geometries, by working out examples with perturbation theory around arbitrary field values and performing tadpole resummations, we argue that the conjecture must be applied only at the extrema of the scalar potential (when expressed in locally canonical coordinates). We consider several toy models in the context of no-scale supergravity and also consider examples of inflationary models.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2024)·6 citations
22. 22*

    Cosmic string bursts in LISA

    Pierre Auclair🇧🇪 · Stanislav Babak🇫🇷 · Hippolyte Quelquejay Leclere🇫🇷 · Danièle A.Steer🇫🇷

    Cosmic string cusps are sources of short-lived, linearly polarised gravitational wave bursts which can be searched for in gravitational wave detectors. We assess the capability of LISA to detect these bursts using the latest LISA configuration and operational assumptions. For such short bursts, we verify that LISA can be considered as ``frozen", namely that one can neglect LISA's orbital motion. We consider two models for the network of cosmic string loops, and estimate that LISA should be able to detect 4-30 bursts per year assuming a string tension $G\mu \approx 10^{-10.6}-10^{-10.1}$ and detection threshold $\mathrm{SNR}\ge 20$. Non-detection of these bursts would constrain the string tension to $G\mu \lesssim 10^{-11}$ for both models.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·14 citations
23. 23*

    Search for vector dark matter in microwave cavities with Rydberg atoms

    Jordan Gué🇫🇷 · Aurélien Hees🇫🇷 · Jérôme Lodewyck🇫🇷 · Rodolphe Le Targat🇫🇷 · Peter Wolf (SYRTE, Observatoire de Paris)🇫🇷

    We propose a novel experiment to search for dark matter, based on the application of an electric field inside a microwave cavity and electrometry using Rydberg atoms. We show that this kind of experiment could be extremely useful for detecting specific dark matter candidates, namely massive vector fields coupled to the photon field, more commonly known as dark photons. Such a massive vector field is a good candidate for dark matter. Using realistic experimental parameters we show that such an experiment could improve the current constraint on the coupling constant of the dark photons to Standard Model photons in the 1~$\mu$eV to 10~$\mu$eV mass range, with the possibility of tuning the maximum sensitivity via the cavity size. The main limiting factors on the sensitivity of the experiment are the amplitude stability of the applied field and the measurement uncertainty of the electric field by the atoms.

    ↳ physics.atom-phgr-qchep-phPRD(2023)·11 citations
24. 24*

    The vector MIT bag model under the light of new data

    Maíra Cesário Alvim Lobo · Débora Peres Menezes🇧🇷

    In the present work we use the vector MIT bag model to describe quark matter and obtain the macroscopic properties of neutron stars. We also calculate the speed of sound of quark matter described by this model with specific parameter values and check if the results obey the conformal limit at high densities. We have seen that the vector MIT bag model produces stars with masses and radii consistent with recent data, suggesting the possible existence of massive quark (or strange) stars.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
25. 25*

    Revisiting Vacuum decay in Field Theory

    S. P. de Alwis🇺🇸

    We revisit the formalism for tunneling in quantum field theory developed by Coleman and collaborators. In particular using the generalization of WKB methods for tunneling in quantum mechanics we avoid the problems with negative eigenvalues and convexity issues associated with Coleman's approach. While the exponential factor is the same, we find differences in the pre-factor. Then we point out that to actually discuss the time evolution of the state, we need a wave packet formulation which we proceed to discuss. Next we address the problem of justifying the application of semi-classical tunneling calculations to the decay of the standard model vacuum, where the classical potential signifies absolute stability, though the effective potential appears to imply the possibility of meta-stability (with more than one local minimum). This is in contrast to the usual situation in applications of the formalism for tunneling, where the \textit{classical} potential has more than one local minimum.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph5 citations
26. 26*

    Nonperturbative renormalization of asymmetric staple-shaped operators in twisted mass lattice QCD

    Constantia Alexandrou🇨🇾 · Simone Bacchio🇨🇾 · Krzysztof Cichy🇵🇱 · Martha Constantinou🇺🇸 · Xu Feng🇨🇳 · Karl Jansen🇩🇪 · Chuan Liu🇨🇳 · Aniket Sen🇩🇪 · Gregoris Spanoudes🇨🇾 · Fernanda Steffens🇩🇪 · Jacopo Tarello🇨🇾

    Staple-shaped Wilson line operators are necessary for the study of transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs) in lattice QCD and beyond. In this work, we study the renormalization of such operators in the general case of an asymmetric staple. We analyze the mixing pattern of these operators using their symmetry properties, where we find that the possible mixing is restricted within groups of four operators. We then present numerical results using the regularization independent momentum subtraction (RI/MOM) scheme to study the importance of mixing using one operator in particular, the ${\gamma }_0$ operator. Based on these results, we consider the short distance ratio (SDR) scheme, which is desirable in the absence of mixing. Finally, we investigate a variant of the RI/MOM scheme, where the renormalization factors are computed at short distances.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2023)·22 citations
27. 27*

    Fast Partitioning of Pauli Strings into Commuting Families for Optimal Expectation Value Measurements of Dense Operators

    Ben Reggio🇺🇸 · Nouman Butt🇺🇸 · Andrew Lytle🇺🇸 · Patrick Draper🇺🇸

    The Pauli strings appearing in the decomposition of an operator can be can be grouped into commuting families, reducing the number of quantum circuits needed to measure the expectation value of the operator. We detail an algorithm to completely partition the full set of Pauli strings acting on any number of qubits into the minimal number of sets of commuting families, and we provide python code to perform the partitioning. The partitioning method scales linearly with the size of the set of Pauli strings and it naturally provides a fast method of diagonalizing the commuting families with quantum gates. We provide a package that integrates the partitioning into Qiskit, and use this to benchmark the algorithm with dense Hamiltonians, such as those that arise in matrix quantum mechanics models, on IBM hardware. We demonstrate computational speedups close to the theoretical limit of $(3/2{)}^m$ relative to qubit-wise commuting groupings, for $m=2,\dots ,6$ qubits.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phPRA(2024)·28 citations
28. 28*

    Inductive Simulation of Calorimeter Showers with Normalizing Flows

    Matthew R. Buckley🇺🇸 · Claudius Krause🇺🇸 · Ian Pang🇺🇸 · David Shih🇺🇸

    Simulating particle detector response is the single most expensive step in the Large Hadron Collider computational pipeline. Recently it was shown that normalizing flows can accelerate this process while achieving unprecedented levels of accuracy, but scaling this approach up to higher resolutions relevant for future detector upgrades leads to prohibitive memory constraints. To overcome this problem, we introduce Inductive CaloFlow (iCaloFlow), a framework for fast detector simulation based on an inductive series of normalizing flows trained on the pattern of energy depositions in pairs of consecutive calorimeter layers. We further use a teacher-student distillation to increase sampling speed without loss of expressivity. As we demonstrate with Datasets 2 and 3 of the CaloChallenge2022, iCaloFlow can realize the potential of normalizing flows in performing fast, high-fidelity simulation on detector geometries that are ~ 10 - 100 times higher granularity than previously considered.

    ↳ physics.ins-detcs.LGhep-exhep-ph+1PRD(2024)·67 citations
29. 29*

    Quantum Simulations of SO(5) Many-Fermion Systems using Qudits

    Marc Illa🇺🇸 · Caroline E. P. Robin🇩🇪 · Martin J. Savage🇺🇸

    The structure and dynamics of quantum many-body systems are the result of a delicate interplay between underlying interactions, which leads to intricate entanglement structures. Despite this apparent complexity, symmetries emerge and have long been used to determine the relevant degrees of freedom and simplify classical descriptions of these systems. In this work, we explore the potential utility of quantum computers with arrays of qudits in simulating interacting fermionic systems, when the qudits can naturally map these relevant degrees of freedom. The Agassi model of fermions is based on an underlying $so(5)$ algebra, and the systems it describes can be partitioned into pairs of modes with five basis states, which naturally embed in arrays of $d=5$ qudits (qu5its). Classical noiseless simulations of the time evolution of systems of fermions embedded in up to twelve qu5its are performed using Google's cirq software. The resource requirements of the qu5it circuits are analyzed and compared with two different mappings to qubit systems, a physics-aware Jordan-Wigner mapping and a state-to-state mapping. We find advantages in using qudits, specifically in lowering the required quantum resources and reducing anticipated errors that take the simulation out of the physical space. A previously unrecognized sign problem has been identified from Trotterization errors in time evolving high-energy excitations. This has implications for quantum simulations in high-energy and nuclear physics, specifically of fragmentation and highly inelastic, multi-channel processes.

    ↳ quant-phhep-phnucl-thPRC(2023)·25 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.