HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Wed·May 17, 2023Wednesday·May 17, 2023

38 papers—22 primary·16 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
Neutrino Mass Model in the Context of $Δ (54) \otimes Z_{2} \otimes Z_{3} \otimes Z_{4}$ Flavor Symmetries with Inverse Seesaw Mechanism
Hrishi Bora🇮🇳 · Ng. K. Francis🇮🇳 · Animesh Barman🇮🇳 · Bikash Thapa🇮🇳
Our analysis involves enhancing the $Δ (54)$ flavor symmetry model with Inverse Seesaw mechanism along with two SM Higgs through the incorporation of distinct flavons. Additionally, we introduce supplementary $Z_{2} \otimes Z_{3} \otimes Z_{4}$ symmetries to eliminate any undesirable components within our investigation. The exact tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing pattern undergoes a deviation as a result of the incorporation of extra flavons, leading to the emergence of a non-zero reactor angle $θ_{13}$ that aligns with the latest experimental findings. It was found that for our model the atmospheric oscillation parameter occupies the lower octant for normal hierarchy case. We also examine the parameter space of the model for normal hierarchy to explore the Dirac CP ( $δ_{C P}$ ), Jarlskog invariant parameter ( $J$ ) and the Neutrinoless double-beta decay parameter ( $m_{β β}$ ) and found it in agreement with the neutrino latest data. Hence our model may be testable in the future neutrino experiments.
hep-phPLB(2024)·5 citations
02*
Is infrared-collinear safe information all you need for jet classification?
Dimitrios Athanasakos🇺🇸 · Andrew J. Larkoski🇺🇸 · James Mulligan🇺🇸 · Mateusz Ploskon🇺🇸 · Felix Ringer🇺🇸
Machine learning-based jet classifiers are able to achieve impressive tagging performance in a variety of applications in high-energy and nuclear physics. However, it remains unclear in many cases which aspects of jets give rise to this discriminating power, and whether jet observables that are tractable in perturbative QCD such as those obeying infrared-collinear (IRC) safety serve as sufficient inputs. In this article, we introduce a new classifier, Jet Flow Networks (JFNs), in an effort to address the question of whether IRC unsafe information provides additional discriminating power in jet classification. JFNs are permutation-invariant neural networks (deep sets) that take as input the kinematic information of reconstructed subjets. The subjet radius and a cut on the subjet's transverse momenta serve as tunable hyperparameters enabling a controllable sensitivity to soft emissions and nonperturbative effects. We demonstrate the performance of JFNs for quark vs. gluon and Z vs. QCD jet tagging. For small subjet radii and transverse momentum cuts, the performance of JFNs is equivalent to the IRC-unsafe Particle Flow Networks (PFNs), demonstrating that infrared-collinear unsafe information is not necessary to achieve strong discrimination for both cases. As the subjet radius is increased, the performance of the JFNs remains essentially unchanged until physical thresholds that we identify are crossed. For relatively large subjet radii, we show that the JFNs may offer an increased model independence with a modest tradeoff in performance compared to classifiers that use the full particle information of the jet. These results shed new light on how machines learn patterns in high-energy physics data
hep-phhep-exnucl-thJHEP(2024)·22 citations
03*
Leptonic CP violation from the seesaw
C. C. Nishi🇧🇷 · J. I. Silva-Marcos🇵🇹
The seesaw extension of the SM explains the tiny neutrino masses and it is accompanied by many CP violating phases. We study the case where all leptonic CP violation arises from the soft breaking in the heavy Majorana mass matrix. Parameter counting reveals that one less parameter is needed to describe this case. This reduction leads to restrictions on the parameter space of heavy neutrinos. We analyze the minimal seesaw case in detail and find that mass degeneracy of heavy neutrinos is not possible for certain values of the CP phases.
hep-phPRD(2023)·4 citations
04*
Spontaneous emission in the supercritical QED: what is wrong and what is possible
P.Grashin🇷🇺 · K.Sveshnikov🇷🇺
Spontaneous positron emission, caused by the supercritical Coulomb source with charge $Z$ and size $R$ , is explored in essentially non-perturbative approach with emphasis on the VP-energy $E_{V P}$ , considered as a function of the Coulomb source parameters $Z$ and $R$ . The specific contribution to $E_{V P}$ , which appears in the supercritical case due to direct Coulomb interaction between VP-charge densities $ϱ_{V P} (r)$ , is outlined and studied in detail. It is shown that after first levels diving into the lower continuum this contribution, being properly renormalized, turns out to be negative in contrast to the classical electrostatics and so could play an important role in spontaneous emission, especially for $Z$ just above the first $Z_{cr, 1}$ . The additional problems of spontaneous emission, caused by the lepton number conservation, are also discussed.
hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2023)·3 citations
05*
Uncertainties on the EFT coupling limits for direct dark matter detection experiments stemming from uncertainties of target properties
Daniel J. Heimsoth🇺🇸 · Brandon Lem🇺🇸 · Anna M. Suliga🇺🇸 · Calvin W. Johnson🇺🇸 · A. Baha Balantekin🇺🇸 · Susan N. Coppersmith🇺🇸
Direct detection experiments are still one of the most promising ways to unravel the nature of dark matter. To fully understand how well these experiments constrain the dark matter interactions with the Standard Model particles, all the uncertainties affecting the calculations must be known. It is especially critical now because direct detection experiments recently moved from placing limits only on the two elementary spin independent and spin dependent operators to the complete set of possible operators coupling dark matter and nuclei in nonrelativistic theory. In our work, we estimate the effect of nuclear configuration-interaction uncertainties on the exclusion bounds for one of the existing xenon-based experiments for all fifteen operators. We find that for operator number 13 the $\pm 1 σ$ uncertainty on the coupling between the dark matter and nucleon can reach more than 50% for dark matter masses between 10 and 1000 GeV. In addition, we discuss how quantum computers can help to reduce this uncertainty and how the uncertainties are affected for couplings obtained for the nonrelativistic reductions of the relativistic interactions.
hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exnucl-thPRD(2023)·6 citations
06*
Probing hidden sectors with a muon beam: implication of spin-0 dark matter mediators for muon $(g - 2)$ anomaly and validity of the Weiszäcker-Williams approach
H. Sieber🇨🇭 · D. V. Kirpichnikov🇷🇺 · I. V. Voronchikhin🇷🇺 · P. Crivelli🇨🇭 · S. N. Gninenko🇷🇺 · M. M. Kirsanov🇷🇺 · N. V. Krasnikov🇷🇺 · L. Molina-Bueno🇪🇸 · S. K. Sekatskii🇨🇭
In addition to vector ( $V$ ) type new particles extensively discussed previously, both CP-even ( $S$ ) and CP-odd ( $P$ ) spin-0 Dark Matter (DM) mediators can couple to muons and be produced in the bremsstrahlung reaction $μ^{-} + N \to μ^{-} + N + S (P)$ . Their possible subsequent invisible decay into a pair of Dirac DM particles, $S (P) \to χ χ$ , can be detected in fixed target experiments through missing energy signature. In this paper, we focus on the case of experiments using high-energy muon beams. For this reason, we derive the differential cross-sections involved using the phase space Weiszäcker-Williams approximation and compare them to the exact-tree-level calculations. The formalism derived can be applied in various experiments that could observe muon-spin-0 DM interactions. This can happen in present and future proton beam-dump experiments such as NA62, SHIP, HIKE, and SHADOWS; in muon fixed target experiments as NA64 $μ$ , MUoNE and M3; in neutrino experiments using powerful proton beams such as DUNE. In particular, we focus on the NA64 $μ$ experiment case, which uses a 160 GeV muon beam at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator. We compute the derived cross-sections, the resulting signal yields and we discuss the experiment projected sensitivity to probe the relic DM parameter space and the $(g - 2)_{μ}$ anomaly favoured region considering $1 0^{12}$ and $1 0^{13}$ muons on target.
hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·24 citations
07*
Exotic Hadrons from Scattering in the Diabatic Dynamical Diquark Model
Richard F. Lebed🇺🇸 · Steven R. Martinez🇺🇸
The diabatic framework generalizes the adiabatic approximation built into the Born-Oppenheimer (BO) formalism, and is devised to rigorously incorporate the mixing of BO-approximation eigenstates with two-particle thresholds. We recently applied this framework in a bound-state approximation to the mixing of hidden-charm dynamical-diquark tetraquark states with open-charm di-meson thresholds. Since almost all of these states are observed as above-threshold resonances, we here implement the corresponding scattering formalism to allow for a study of exotic tetraquark resonances within the diabatic framework. We calculate elastic open-charm di-meson cross sections (in channels with zero, open, and hidden strangeness) as functions of center-of-mass energy, and observe the development of true resonances, near resonances, and various threshold cusp effects. As an example, $χ_{c 1} (3872)$ can originate in the $1^{++}$ channel as a diquark-antidiquark state enhanced by the $D^{0} D^{* 0}$ threshold, with or without an additional contribution from the conventional charmonium $χ_{c 1} (2 P)$ state.
hep-phPRD(2023)·12 citations
08*
Axion-like particle (ALP) portal freeze-in dark matter confronting ALP search experiments
Dilip Kumar Ghosh🇮🇳 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Sk Jeesun🇮🇳
The relic density of Dark Matter (DM) in the freeze-in scenario is highly dependent on the evolution history of the universe and changes significantly in a non-standard (NS) cosmological framework prior to Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). In this scenario, an additional species dominates the energy budget of the universe at early times (before BBN), resulting in a larger cosmological expansion rate at a given temperature compared to the standard radiation-dominated (RD) universe. To investigate the production of DM in the freeze-in scenario, we consider both standard RD and NS cosmological picture before BBN and perform a comparative analysis. We extend the Standard Model (SM) particle content with a SM singlet DM particle $χ$ and an axion-like particle (ALP) $a$ . The interactions between ALP, SM particles, and DM are generated by higher dimensional effective operators. This setup allows the production of DM $χ$ from SM bath through the mediation of ALP, via ALP-portal processes. These interactions involve non-renormalizable operators, leading to ultraviolet (UV) freeze-in, which depends on the reheating temperature ( $T_{R H}$ ) of the early universe. In the NS cosmological scenario, the faster expansion rate suppresses the DM production processes, allowing for enhanced effective couplings between the visible and dark sectors to satisfy the observed DM abundance compared to RD scenario. This improved coupling increases the detection prospects for freeze-in DM via the ALP-portal, which is otherwise challenging to detect in RD universe due to small couplings involved. Using an effective field theory set-up, we show that various ALP searches such as in FASER, DUNE, and SHiP, etc. will be able to probe significant parameter space depending on the different model parameters.
hep-phJHEP(2024)·57 citations
09*
Phenomenological study of a gauged $L_{μ} - L_{τ}$ model with a scalar leptoquark
Chuan-Hung Chen🇹🇼 · Cheng-Wei Chiang🇹🇼 · Chun-Wei Su🇹🇼
A $Z^{'}$ gauge boson with sub-GeV mass has acquired a significant interest in phenomenology, particularly in view of the muon $g - 2$ anomaly and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleon scattering. The latter is challenged by the nuclear recoil energy of a few tens of keV but has been observed by the COHERENT experiment. To further reconcile the observed excesses in $R (D^{(*)})$ from semileptonic charmful $B$ decays and in the $W$ boson mass, we investigate a model with a gauged $U (1)_{L_{μ} - L_{τ}}$ symmetry and a scalar leptoquark. In contrast to the mechanism that involves kinetic mixing between the gauge bosons of $U (1)_{em}$ and $U (1)_{L_{μ} - L_{τ}}$ , we adopt a dynamical symmetry breaking of $U (1)_{L_{μ} - L_{τ}}$ by incorporating an additional Higgs doublet. Through mixing with the $U (1)_{L_{μ} - L_{τ}}$ -charged Higgs doublet, new Higgs decay channels $h \to Z_{1} Z_{1} / Z_{1} Z_{2}$ occur at percent-level branching ratios, which could be accessible at the LHC. The $W$ -mass anomaly observed by CDF II can be potentially resolved through the enhancement in the oblique parameter $T$ . Due to the flavored gauge symmetry, the introduced scalar leptoquark $S^{\frac{1}{3}} = (3 ˉ, 1, 2/3)$ exhibits a unique coupling to the $τ$ -lepton, offering an explanation for the excesses observed in $R (D^{(*)})$ . Moreover, $τ \to μ (Z_{1} \to) e^{-} e^{+}$ via the resonant light gauge boson decay can reach the sensitivity of Belle II at an integrated luminosity of 50 ab $^{- 1}$ .
hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·4 citations
10*
A minimal inverse seesaw model with $S_{4}$ flavour symmetry
Bikash Thapa🇮🇳 · Sunita Barman🇮🇳 · Sompriti Bora🇮🇳 · Ng. K. Francis🇮🇳
We construct an $S_{4}$ flavour symmetric minimal inverse seesaw model where the standard model is extended by adding two right-handed and two standard model gauge singlets neutrinos to explain the origin of tiny neutrino masses. The resulting model describes the lepton mass spectra and flavour mixing quite well for the case of the normal hierarchy of neutrino masses. The prediction of the model on the Dirac CP-violating phase is centered around $370.08 7^{\circ}$ . Furthermore, using the allowed region for the model parameters, we have calculated the value of the effective Majorana neutrino mass, $∣⟨ m_{ee} ⟩∣$ , which characterizes neutrinoless double beta decay.
hep-phJHEP(2023)·14 citations
11*
Soliton Solutions and Conservation Laws for a Self-interacting Scalar Field in $\phi^{4}$ Theory
Muhammad Al-Zafar Khan🇿🇦 · Mervlyn Moodley🇿🇦 · Francesco Petruccione🇿🇦
We calculate soliton solutions to the scalar field equation of motion that arises for the 4th-order extended Lagrangian ($\phi^{4}$ theory) in quantum field theory using the extended hyperbolic tangent and the sine-cosine methods. Using the former technique, ten complex soliton waves are obtained; we graphically represent three of these profiles using density plots. In the latter case, two real soliton solutions are obtained, of which, we demonstrate the wave profile for the positive case. Using the multiplier method, we calculate conservation laws in $(1 + 1)$-, $(2 + 1)$-, and $(3 + 1)$-dimensions producing three, six, and ten conservation laws respectively. Lastly, we reflect on the application of conservation laws in particle physics and phenomenology.
hep-phhep-thmath-phmath.MP+10 citations
12*
Decays $τ \to 3 K ν_{τ}$ in $U (3) \times U (3)$ quark NJL model
M.K. Volkov🇷🇺 · A.A. Pivovarov🇷🇺 · K. Nurlan🇷🇺
The widths of the decays $τ \to K^{-} K^{+} K^{-} ν_{τ}$ and $τ \to K^{-} K^{0} K ˉ^{0} ν_{τ}$ are calculated in the $U (3) \times U (3)$ chiral quark NJL model. Four channels are considered: contact, axial vector, vector and pseudoscalar channels. It is shown that the dominant contribution is given by the axial vector channel with an intermediate $ϕ$ meson. The obtained results are in satisfactory agreement with the experimental data.
hep-phEPJA(2023)·4 citations
13*
Chiral and trace anomalies in Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering II: QCD factorization and beyond
Shohini Bhattacharya🇺🇸 · Yoshitaka Hatta🇺🇸 · Werner Vogelsang🇩🇪
We extend the discussion of the recently discovered 'anomaly poles' in QCD Compton scattering. We perform the complete one-loop calculation of the Compton amplitude using momentum transfer $t$ as the regulator of collinear divergences. In the gluon channel, we confirm the presence of poles $1/ t$ in both the real and imaginary parts of the amplitude. In the quark channel, we find unexpected infrared single $1/ ϵ$ and double $1/ ϵ^{2}$ poles. We then perform the one-loop calculation of the leading-twist quark generalized parton distributions (GPDs) for quark and gluon external states with the same regulators and find that all these singular terms can be systematically absorbed into the GPDs, showing that QCD factorization is restored to this order. Having established this, we discuss the fate of the $1/ t$ poles. We argue that they become the nonperturbative building blocks of GPDs that encode the chiral and trace anomalies of QCD, in a way consistent with the known constraints these anomalies impose on the nucleon axial and gravitational form factors. The scope of research on GPDs can therefore be expanded to address the manifestation and implications of quantum anomalies in high-energy exclusive processes.
hep-phhep-thnucl-thPRD(2023)·33 citations
14*
Searching for the open flavor tetraquark $T_{c s ˉ 0}^{++} (2900)$ in the process $B^{+} \to K^{+} D^{+} D^{-}$
Man-Yu Duan🇨🇳 · En Wang🇨🇳 · Dian-Yong Chen🇨🇳
Inspired by recent observations of $T_{c s ˉ 0} (2900)^{0}$ in the $D_{s}^{+} π^{-}$ invariant mass distribution of $B^{0} \to D ˉ^{0} D_{s}^{+} π^{-}$ decay and $T_{c s ˉ 0} (2900)^{++}$ in the $D_{s}^{+} π^{+}$ invariant mass distribution of $B^{+} \to D^{-} D_{s}^{+} π^{+}$ decay, we investigate the $T_{c s ˉ 0} (2900)^{++}$ contribution to the $B^{+} \to K^{+} D^{+} D^{-}$ decay in a molecular scenario, where we consider $T_{c s ˉ 0} (2900) r^{++}$ as a $D^{*+} K^{*+}$ molecular state. Our estimations indicate that the fit fraction of $T_{c s ˉ 0} (2900)^{++}$ in the $B^{+} \to K^{+} D^{+} D^{-}$ is about $12.5%$ , and its signal is visible in the $D^{+} K^{+}$ invariant mass distribution. With the involvement of $T_{c s ˉ 0} (2900)^{++}$ , the fit fractions of $χ_{c 0} (3915)$ and $χ_{c 2} (3930)$ may be much different with the ones obtained by the present amplitude analysis [Phys. Rev. D \textbf{102}, 112003 (2020)], which may shed light on the long standing puzzle of $χ_{c 0} (3915)$ as the conventional charmonium.
hep-phhep-exEPJC(2024)·29 citations
15*
UV-IR interplay in axion flavour violation
Luca Di Luzio🇮🇹 · Alfredo Walter Mario Guerrera🇮🇹 · Xavier Ponce Díaz🇮🇹 · Stefano Rigolin🇮🇹
Flavour-violating axions appear in models where the Peccei-Quinn(PQ) charges are generation non-universal. Consequently, this charge arrangement will also generate flavour violation in the UV sector. The typical way of implementing such an axion in a UV completion is with a DFSZ model, containing 2 Higgs doublets. In this talk we will present how to parameterize the flavour violation in the UV such that we can find a direct correlation with the flavour violation of the axion. Finally, we show in an example how this connection can help in giving information about the UV completion if an axion is found in a flavour-violating channel.
hep-ph0 citations
16*
Absence of inhomogeneous chiral phases in 2+1-dimensional four-fermion and Yukawa models
Laurin Pannullo🇩🇪 · Marc Winstel🇩🇪
We show the absence of an instability of homogeneous (chiral) condensates against spatially inhomogeneous perturbations for various 2+1-dimensional four-fermion and Yukawa models. All models are studied at non-zero baryon chemical potential, while some of them are also subjected to chiral and isospin chemical potential. The considered theories contain up to 16 Lorentz-(pseudo)scalar fermionic interaction channels. We prove the stability of homogeneous condensates by analyzing the bosonic two-point function, which can be expressed in a purely analytical form at zero temperature. Our analysis is presented in a general manner for all of the different discussed models. We argue that the absence of an inhomogeneous chiral phase (where the chiral condensate is spatially non-uniform) follows from this lack of instability. Furthermore, the existence of a moat regime, where the bosonic wave function renormalization is negative, in these models is ruled out.
hep-phcond-mat.str-elnucl-thPRD(2023)·24 citations
17*
A nearly Dirichlet Higgs for lower-scale warped extra dimensions
Mariana Frank🇨🇦 · Nima Pourtolami🇨🇦 · Manuel Toharia🇨🇦
We consider a minimal extension of the Standard Model in warped extra dimensions, with fields propagating in the bulk including a bulk SM-like Higgs doublet. We show that the Higgs can acquire a non-trivial oscillatory VEV, strongly localized towards the TeV brane, but such that its value at that brane could be highly suppressed due to its oscillatory behaviour. Within the minimal Randall-Sundrum metric background, this oscillatory VEV can alleviate the bounds coming from oblique precision electroweak parameters, such that the KK gluon mass can be around 3 TeV (instead of about 8 TeV for the usual non-oscillatory bulk Higgs). We also discuss the stability of the configuration as well as the naturalness of the model parameters.
hep-phhep-thPLB(2023)·1 citation
18*
Electroweak radiative corrections to polarized top quark pair production
A. Arbuzov (a)🇷🇺 · S. Bondarenko (a)🇨🇴 · L. Kalinovskaya (b)🇷🇺 · R. Sadykov (b)🇷🇺 · V. Yermolchyk (b, c) ((a) Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, JINR, 141980, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia, (b) Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, JINR, 141980 Dubna, Moscow region, Russia, (c) Institute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220006 Belarus)🇷🇺
Electroweak effects in the $e^{+} e^{-} \to t t ˉ$ annihilation process are described with taking into account polarization of the initial and final particles. We investigate the effects of complete one-loop electroweak radiative corrections and higher-order radiative effects to the total cross section and analyze different types of asymmetries for polarized initial and final states for typical energies and degrees of polarization of the ILC and CLIC projects. Numerical results are obtained with the help of Monte Carlo tools: the ReneSANCe event generator and the MCSANC integrator.
hep-phPRD(2023)·2 citations
19*
The deuteron charge radıus $r_{c}$ in the framework of the hard-wall AdS/QCD model
Shahin Mamedov🇦🇿 · Narmin Akbarova🇦🇿 · Minaya Allahverdiyeva🇦🇿
We study the deuteron charge radius in the framework of a hard-wall AdS/QCD model. We present basic elements of the hard-wall model and write metrics for the AdS space. We introduce a vector field with twist $τ = 6$ describing deuteron in the bulk of AdS space and other vector fields to describe photon respectively, write an effective action for the bulk fields interactions, find a $G_{1} (Q^{2})$ , $G_{2} (Q^{2})$ and $G_{3} (Q^{2})$ form factors, then quadrupole $G_{Q} (Q^{2})$ and charge $G_{C} (Q^{2})$ form-factors of a deuteron. Thus, from the charge $G_{C} (Q^{2})$ form factor we find the deuteron charge radius $R_{C}$ in the framework of a hard-wall AdS/QCD model. Then we compare our result with the results soft-wall model and experimental data.
hep-phnucl-thPhys.Part.Nucl.Lett.(2023)·1 citation
20*
Gravitational-wave signatures from reheating
Manuel A. Buen-Abad🇺🇸 · Jae Hyeok Chang🇺🇸 · Anson Hook🇺🇸
We initiate a study of the gravitational-wave signatures of a phase transition that occurs as the Universe's temperature increases during reheating. The gravitational-wave signatures of such a heating phase transition are different from those of a cooling phase transition, and their detection could allow us to probe reheating. In the lucky case that the gravitational-wave signatures from both the heating and cooling phase transitions were to be observed, information about reheating could in principle be obtained utilizing the correlations between the two transitions. Frictional effects, leading to a constant bubble-wall speed in one case, will instead behave as an ``antifriction'' force in the other and accelerate the bubble wall. This antifriction will often take the bubble into a runaway regime, significantly enhancing the amplitude of the heating phase transition gravitational-wave signal. The efficiency, strength, and duration of the phase transitions will be similarly correlated in a reheating-dependent way.
hep-phgr-qcPRD(2023)·22 citations
21*
Towards Double Parton Distributions from First Principles using Large Momentum Effective Theory
Max Jaarsma🇳🇱 · Rudi Rahn🇳🇱 · Wouter J. Waalewijn🇳🇱
In double parton scattering (DPS), two partonic collisions take place between one pair of colliding hadrons. The effect of DPS can be significant for precision measurements due to the additional radiation from secondary partonic collisions, and especially for specific processes such as same-sign WW production. Its effect is usually included through Monte Carlo parton showers. In a factorization approach to DPS, the initial state is described by double parton distributions (DPDs). These are currently poorly constrained by experiment, but provide a view on interesting correlations between partons in the hadron. Here we show that the Large Momentum Effective Theory approach can be applied to DPDs. Specifically, we present a general matching relation between DPDs and lattice-calculable quasi-DPDs for general flavor, spin and color structures. We furthermore calculate the one-loop matching coefficients for the quark-quark DPDs, verifying that the infrared logarithms and divergences cancel in the matching. While we restrict to the flavor-non-singlet case, we do take color and spin correlations into account. Interestingly, quasi-DPDs combines nontrivial features from both the collinear and transverse momentum dependent quasi-parton distribution functions. This represents a first step in extending the quasi-PDF approach to DPDs, opening up a new way to constrain these distributions using lattice QCD.
hep-phhep-latnucl-thJHEP(2023)·20 citations
22*
Composite Dark Matter and Neutrino Masses from a Light Hidden Sector
Aqeel Ahmed🇩🇪 · Zackaria Chacko🇺🇸 · Niral Desai🇺🇸 · Sanket Doshi🇺🇸 · Can Kilic🇺🇸 · Saereh Najjari🇩🇪
We study a class of models in which the particle that constitutes dark matter arises as a composite state of a strongly coupled hidden sector. The hidden sector interacts with the Standard Model through the neutrino portal, allowing the relic abundance of dark matter to be set by annihilation into final states containing neutrinos. The coupling to the hidden sector also leads to the generation of neutrino masses through the inverse seesaw mechanism, with composite hidden sector states playing the role of the singlet neutrinos. We focus on the scenario in which the hidden sector is conformal in the ultraviolet, and the compositeness scale lies at or below the weak scale. We construct a holographic realization of this framework based on the Randall-Sundrum setup and explore the implications for experiments. We determine the current constraints on this scenario from direct and indirect detection, lepton flavor violation and collider experiments and explore the reach of future searches. We show that in the near future, direct detection experiments and searches for $μ \to e$ conversion will be able to probe new parameter space. At colliders, dark matter can be produced in association with composite singlet neutrinos via Drell Yan processes or in weak decays of hadrons. We show that current searches at the Large Hadron Collider have only limited sensitivity to this new production channel and we comment on how the reconstruction of the singlet neutrinos can potentially expand the reach.
hep-phJHEP(2024)·13 citations
23*
Cosmology of Single Species Hidden Dark Matter
Weikang Lin🇨🇳 · Xingang Chen🇺🇸 · Himanish Ganjoo🇺🇸 · Liqiang Hou🇺🇸 · Katherine J. Mack🇺🇸
Cosmology and astrophysics provide various ways to study the properties of dark matter even if they have negligible non-gravitational interactions with the Standard Model particles and remain hidden. We study a type of hidden dark matter model in which the dark matter is completely decoupled from the Standard Model sector except gravitationally, and consists of a single species with conserved comoving particle number and conserved comoving entropy. This category of hidden dark matter includes models that act as warm dark matter but is more general. In particular, in addition to having an independent temperature from the Standard Model sector, it includes cases in which dark matter is in its own kinetic equilibrium or is free-streaming, obeys fermionic or bosonic statistics, and processes a chemical potential that controls the particle occupation number. While the usual parameterization using the free-streaming scale or the particle mass no longer applies, we show that all cases can be well approximated by a set of functions parameterized by only one parameter as long as the chemical potential is nonpositive: the characteristic scale factor at the time of the relativistic-to-nonrelativistic transition. We study the constraints from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the cosmic microwave background, the Lyman- $α$ forest, and the smallest halo mass. We show that the most significant phenomenological impact is the suppression of the small-scale matter power spectrum -- a typical feature when the dark matter has a velocity dispersion or pressure at early times. So far, the Lyman- $α$ forest and the small dark matter halo population provide the strongest constraints, limiting the transition redshift to be larger than $\sim 6.2 \times 1 0^{7}$ .
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2025)·5 citations
24*
First order phase transitions within Weyl type of materials at low temperatures
Y. M. P. Gomes🇧🇷 · Everlyn Martins🇧🇷 · Marcus Benghi Pinto🇧🇷 · Rudnei O. Ramos🇧🇷
We analyze the possible dynamical chiral symmetry breaking patterns taking place within Weyl type of materials. Here, these systems are modeled by the (2+1)-dimensional Gross-Neveu model with a tilt in the Dirac cone. The optimized perturbation theory (OPT) is employed in order to evaluate the effective potential at finite temperatures and chemical potentials beyond the traditional large- $N$ limit. The nonperturbative finite- $N$ corrections generated by the OPT method and its associated variational procedure show that a first-order phase transition boundary, missed at large $N$ , exists in the regime of low temperatures and large chemical potentials. This result, which represents our main finding, implies that one should hit a region of mixed phases when exploring the low-temperature range. The associated first order transition line, which starts at $T = 0$ , terminates at a tricritical point such that the transitions taking place at high $T$ are of the second kind. In particular, we discuss how the tilt in the Dirac cone affects the position of the tricritical point as well as the values of critical temperature and coexistence chemical potential among other quantities. Some experimental implications and predictions are also briefly discussed.
↳ cond-mat.str-elcond-mat.softhep-phhep-thPRB(2023)·5 citations
25*
Magnetic Activity-Rotation-Age-Mass Relations in Late Pre-main Sequence Stars
Konstantin V. Getman (1)🇺🇸 · Eric D. Feigelson (1)🇺🇸 · Gordon P. Garmire (2) ((1) Pennsylvania State University, (2) Huntingdon Institute for X-ray Astronomy)🇺🇸
We study the four-dimensional relationships between magnetic activity, rotation, mass and age for solar-type stars in the age range 5-25Myr. This is the late-pre-main sequence (l-PMS) evolutionary phase when rapid changes in star's interior may lead to the changes in magnetic dynamo mechanisms. We carefully derive rotational periods and spot sizes for 471 members of several l-PMS open clusters using photometric light curves from the Zwicky Transient Facility. Magnetic activity was measured in our previous Chandra-based study, and additional rotational data were obtained from other work. Several results emerge. Mass-dependent evolution of rotation through the l-PMS phase agrees with astrophysical models of stellar angular momentum changes, although the data point to a subpopulation of stars with slower initial rotations than commonly assumed. There is a hint of the onset of unsaturated tachoclinal dependency of X-ray activity on rotation, as reported by Argiroffi et al. (2016), but this result is not confidently confirmed. Both X-ray luminosity and star spot area decrease approximately as t^{-1} for solar mass stars suggesting that spot magnetic fields are roughly constant and l-PMS stars follow the universal solar-scaling law between the X-ray luminosity and surface magnetic flux. Assuming convective dynamos are dominant, theoretical magnetic fluxes fail to reveal the universal law for l-PMS stars that enter late Henyey tracks. Altogether we emerge with a few lines of evidence suggesting that the transition from the turbulent to solar-type dynamo occurs at the later stages of l-PMS evolution as stars approach the Zero-Age Main Sequence.
↳ astro-ph.SRastro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2023)·7 citations
26*
A short survey of matter-antimatter evolution in the primordial universe
Johann Rafelski🇺🇸 · Jeremiah Birrell🇺🇸 · Andrew Steinmetz🇺🇸 · Cheng Tao Yang🇺🇸
We offer a survey of the matter-antimatter evolution within the primordial Universe. While the origin of the tiny matter-antimatter asymmetry has remained one of the big questions in modern cosmology, antimatter itself has played a large role for much of the Universe's early history. In our study of the evolution of the Universe we adopt the position of the standard model $Λ$ -CDM Universe implementing the known baryonic asymmetry. We present the composition of the Universe across its temperature history while emphasizing the epochs where antimatter content is essential to our understanding. Special topics we address include the heavy quarks in quark-gluon plasma (QGP), the creation of matter from QGP, the free-streaming of the neutrinos, the vanishing of the muons, the magnetism in the electron-positron cosmos, and a better understanding of the environment of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) producing the light elements. We suggest but do not explore further that the methods used in exploring the early Universe may also provide new insights in the study of exotic stellar cores, magnetars, as well as gamma-ray burst (GRB) events. We describe future investigations required in pushing known physics to its extremes in the unique laboratory of the matter-antimatter early Universe.
↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phUniverse(2023)·17 citations
27*
On cancellation of non-adiabatic and off-shell effects in the antiproton annihilation in deuteron
O.D. Dalkarov🇷🇺 · V.A. Karmanov🇷🇺 · E.A. Kupriyanova🇷🇺
As known, some approximate approaches to the hadron scattering from nuclei work rather well far beyond the limits of their applicability. This was explained by cancellation of the contributions (non-adiabatic and off-shell effects) omitted in these approaches. Moreover, in some cases (in particular, for the reaction $p ˉ d \to e^{+} e^{-} n$ ) this cancellation allowed to derive rather simple analytical formula for the reaction amplitude. Solving the Faddeev equations, we confirm numerically this formula and, hence, the cancellations.
↳ nucl-thhep-phEPJA(2023)·0 citations
28*
Global spin alignment of vector mesons and strong force fields in heavy- ion collisions
Jinhui Chen🇨🇳 · Zuo-Tang Liang🇨🇳 · Yu-Gang Ma🇨🇳 · Qun Wang🇨🇳
A perspective for the Global spin alignment of vector mesons and strong force fields in heavy-ion collisions is provided in this short report.
↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exSci.Bull.(2023)·42 citations
29*
Finite $κ$ -deformed two-particle boost
Andrea Bevilacqua🇵🇱 · Jerzy Kowalski-Glikman🇵🇱 · Wojciech Wiślicki🇵🇱
In this paper we consider the ąppa}-deformed boost acting on a two-particles states. Using techniques developed in the case of infinitesimal boost we compute explicit expression for the components of the finite boost matrices acting on the first and second particle. We briefly discuss phenomenological consequences of our findings.
↳ hep-thhep-ph4 citations
30*
Production of nuclei and hypernuclei in pion-induced reactions near threshold energies
Apiwit Kittiratpattana🇩🇪 · Tom Reichert🇩🇪 · Nihal Buyukcizmeci🇹🇷 · Alexander Botvina🇩🇪 · Ayut Limphirat🇹🇭 · Christoph Herold🇹🇭 · Jan Steinheimer🇩🇪 · Marcus Bleicher🇩🇪
The Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics model is employed to simulate $π^{-} + C$ and $π^{-} + W$ collisions at p $_{lab} = 1.7$ GeV motivated by the recent HADES results. By comparing the proton and $Λ$ transverse momentum spectra, it was observed that the data and transport model calculation show a good agreement, if cluster formation is included to obtain the free proton spectra. Predictions of light cluster ( $d$ , $t$ , $^{3}$ He, $^{4}$ He, as well as $_{Λ}^{3}$ H and $Ξ$ N) multiplicities and spectra are made using a coalescence mechanism. The resulting multiplicities suggest that the pion beam experiment can produce a substantial amount of $_{Λ}^{3}$ H, especially in $π^{-} + W$ collisions due to the stopping of the $Λ$ inside the large tungsten nucleus. The findings are supplemented by a statistical multi-fragmentation analysis suggesting that even larger hyper-fragments are produced copiously. It is suggested that even double strange hypernuclei are in reach and might be studied in more detail using a slightly higher pion beam momentum.
↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2024)·5 citations
31*
Synthesis of elements in compact stars in pycnonuclear reactions with Carbon isotopes: Quasibound states versus states of zero-points vibrations
Sergei P. Maydanyuk (1,2)🇭🇺 · Gyorgy Wolf (1)🇭🇺 · Kostiantyn A. Shaulskyi (2) ((1) Wigner Research Center for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, (2) Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine)🇺🇦
(1) Purpose: Conditions of formation of compound nuclear system needed for synthesis of heavy nuclei in pycnonuclear reactions in compact stars are studied on a quantum mechanical basis. (2) Methods: Method of multiple internal reflections is generalized for pycnoreactions in compact stars with new calculations of quasibound spectra and spectra of zero-point vibrations. (3) Results: Peculiarities of the method are analyzed for reaction with isotopes of Carbon. The developed method takes into account continuity and conservation of quantum flux (describing pycnonuclear reaction) inside the full spacial region of reaction including nuclear region. This gives appearance of new states (called as quasibound states), in which compound nuclear systems of Magnesium are formed with the largest probability. These states have not been studied yet in synthesis of elements in stars. Energy spectra of zero-point vibrations and spectra of quasibound states are estimated with high precision for reactions with isotopes of Carbon. At the first time influence of plasma screening on quasibound states and states of zero-point vibrations in pycnonuclear reactions has been studied. (4) Conclusion: The probability of formation of compound nuclear system in quasibound states in pycnonuclear reaction is essentially larger than the probability of formation of this system in states of zero-point vibrations studied by Zel'dovich and followers. So, synthesis of Magnesium from isotopes of Carbon is more probable through the quasibound states than through the states of zero-point vibrations in compact stars. Energy spectra of zero-point vibrations are changed essentially after taking plasma screening into account. Analysis shows that from all studied isotopes of Magnesium only \isotope[24]{Mg} is stable after synthesis at energy of relative motion of 4.881~MeV of incident nuclei \isotope[12]{C}.
↳ nucl-thastro-ph.SRhep-phUniverse(2023)·5 citations
32*
Separation of Infrared and Bulk in Thermal QCD
Xiao-Lan Meng🇨🇳 · Peng Sun🇨🇳 · Andrei Alexandru🇺🇸 · Ivan Horváth🇨🇿 · Keh-Fei Liu🇺🇸 · Gen Wang🇫🇷 · Yi-Bo Yang🇨🇳
A new thermal regime of QCD, featuring decoupled scale-invariant infrared glue, has been proposed to exist both in pure-glue (N $_{f}$ =0) and ``real-world" (N $_{f}$ =2+1 at physical quark masses) QCD. In this {\it IR phase}, elementary degrees of freedom flood the infrared, forming a distinct component independent from the bulk. This behavior necessitates non-analyticities in the theory. In pure-glue QCD, such non-analyticities have been shown to arise via Anderson-like mobility edges in Dirac spectra ( $λ_{IR} = 0$ , $\pm λ_{A} \neq = 0$ ), as manifested in the dimension function $d_{IR} (λ)$ . Here, we present the first evidence, based on lattice QCD calculation at $a$ =0.105 fm, that this mechanism is also at work in real-world QCD, thus supporting the existence of the proposed IR regime in nature. An important aspect of our results is that, while at $T = 234$ MeV we find a dimensional jump between zero modes and lowest near-zero modes very close to unity ( $d_{IR} = 3$ to $d_{IR} ≃ 2$ ), similar to the IR phase of pure-glue QCD, at $T = 187$ MeV we observe a continuous $λ$ -dependence. This suggests that thermal states just {\it above} the chiral crossover are non-analytically (in $T$ ) connected to thermal state at $T = 234$ MeV, supporting the key original proposition that the transition into the IR regime occurs at a temperature strictly above the chiral crossover.
↳ hep-lathep-phJHEP(2024)·22 citations
33*
Non-Supersymmetric Vacua and Self-Adjoint Extensions
J. Mourad (APC, Paris)🇫🇷 · A. Sagnotti (Pisa, Scuola Normale Superiore and INFN, Pisa)🇮🇹
Internal intervals spanned by finite ranges of a conformal coordinate $z$ and terminating at a pair of singularities are a common feature of many string compactifications with broken supersymmetry. The squared masses emerging in lower-dimensional Minkowski spaces are then eigenvalues of Schrödinger-like operators, whose potentials have double poles at the ends of the intervals. For one-component systems, the possible self-adjoint extensions of Schrödinger operators are described by points in $A d S_{3} \times S^{1}$ , and those corresponding to independent boundary conditions at the ends of the intervals by points on the boundary of $A d S_{3}$ . The perturbative stability of compactifications to Minkowski space time depends, in general, on these choices of self-adjoint extensions. We apply this setup to the orientifold vacua driven by the ``tadpole potential'' $V = T e^{\frac{3}{2} ϕ}$ and find, in nine dimensions, a massive scalar spectrum, a unique choice of boundary conditions with stable tensor modes and a massless graviton, and a wide range of choices leading to massless and/or massive vector modes.
↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phmath-ph+1JHEP(2023)·13 citations
34*
Primordial black holes and inflation from double-well potentials
Alexandros Karam🇪🇪 · Niko Koivunen🇪🇪 · Eemeli Tomberg🇪🇪 · Antonio Racioppi🇪🇪 · Hardi Veermäe🇪🇪
We investigate the formation of large peaks in the inflationary curvature power spectrum from double-well potentials. In such scenarios, the initial CMB spectrum is created at large field values. Subsequently, the inflaton will cross one of the minima and will decelerate rapidly as it reaches the local maximum at the origin, either falling back or crossing it. During this final phase, a significant peak in the curvature power spectrum can be generated. Our analysis reveals that this class of models produces more pronounced peaks than the more commonly studied quasi-inflection point scenarios with less tuning for the model parameters. Finally, we construct an explicit theoretically motivated inflationary scenario that is consistent with the latest CMB observations and capable of generating sufficiently large curvature perturbations for primordial black holes.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2023)·27 citations
35*
Chiral perturbation theory of the hyperfine splitting in (muonic) hydrogen
Franziska Hagelstein🇩🇪 · Vadim Lensky🇩🇪 · Vladimir Pascalutsa🇩🇪
The ongoing experimental efforts to measure the hyperfine transition in muonic hydrogen prompt an accurate evaluation of the proton-structure effects. At the leading order in $α$ , which is $O (α^{5})$ in the hyperfine splitting (hfs), these effects are usually evaluated in a data-driven fashion, using the empirical information on the proton electromagnetic form factors and spin structure functions. Here we perform a first calculation based on the baryon chiral perturbation theory (B $χ$ PT). At leading orders it provides a prediction for the proton polarizability effects in hydrogen (H) and muonic hydrogen ( $μ$ H). We find large cancellations among the various contributions leading to, within the uncertainties, a zero polarizability effect at leading order in the B $χ$ PT expansion. This result is in significant disagreement with the current data-driven evaluations. The small polarizability effect implies a smaller Zemach radius $R_{Z}$ , if one uses the well-known experimental $1 S$ hfs in H or the $2 S$ hfs in $μ$ H. We, respectively, obtain $R_{Z} (H) = 1.010 (9)$ fm, $R_{Z} (μ H) = 1.040 (33)$ fm. The total proton-structure effect to the hfs at $O (α^{5})$ is then consistent with previous evaluations; the discrepancy in the polarizability is compensated by the smaller Zemach radius. Our recommended value for the $1 S$ hfs in $μ H$ is $182.640 (18) meV .$
↳ nucl-thhep-phphysics.atom-phEPJC(2023)·14 citations
36*
Fluxbranes, Generalized Symmetries, and Verlinde's Metastable Monopole
Mirjam Cvetič🇺🇸 · Jonathan J. Heckman🇺🇸 · Max Hübner🇺🇸 · Ethan Torres🇺🇸
The stringy realization of generalized symmetry operators involves wrapping "branes at infinity". We argue that in the case of continuous (as opposed to discrete) symmetries, the appropriate objects are fluxbranes. We use this perspective to revisit the phase structure of Verlinde's monopole, a proposed particle which is BPS when gravity is decoupled, but is non-BPS and metastable when gravity is switched on. Geometrically, this monopole is obtained from branes wrapped on locally stable but globally trivial cycles of a compactification geometry. The fluxbrane picture allows us to characterize electric (resp. magnetic) confinement (resp. screening) in the 4D theory as a result of monopole decay. In the presence of the fluxbrane, this decay also creates lower-dimensional fluxbranes, which in the field theory is interpreted as the creation of an additional topological field theory sector.
↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2024)·53 citations
37*
First Scan Search for Dark Photon Dark Matter with a Tunable Superconducting Radio-Frequency Cavity
SHANHE Collaboration: Zhenxing Tang🇨🇳 · Bo Wang🇨🇳 · Yifan Chen🇩🇰 · Yanjie Zeng🇨🇳 · Chunlong Li🇨🇳 · Yuting Yang🇨🇳 · Liwen Feng🇨🇳 · Peng Sha🇨🇳 · Zhenghui Mi🇨🇳 · Weimin Pan🇨🇳 · Tianzong Zhang🇨🇳 · Yirong Jin🇨🇳 and 6 other authors
Dark photons have emerged as promising candidates for dark matter, and their search is a top priority in particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology. We report the first use of a tunable niobium superconducting radio-frequency cavity for a scan search of dark photon dark matter with innovative data analysis techniques. We mechanically adjusted the resonant frequency of a cavity submerged in liquid helium at a temperature of $2$ K, and scanned the dark photon mass over a frequency range of $1.37$ MHz centered at $1.3$ GHz. Our study leveraged the superconducting radio-frequency cavity's remarkably high quality factors of approximately $1 0^{10}$ , resulting in the most stringent constraints to date on a substantial portion of the exclusion parameter space on the kinetic mixing coefficient $ϵ$ between dark photons and electromagnetic photons, yielding a value of $ϵ < 2.2 \times 1 0^{- 16}$ .
↳ hep-exastro-ph.COhep-phphysics.acc-phPRL(2024)·50 citations
38*
Effective Field Theories as Lagrange Spaces
Nathaniel Craig🇺🇸 · Yu-Tse Lee🇺🇸 · Xiaochuan Lu🇺🇸 · Dave Sutherland🇬🇧
We present a formulation of scalar effective field theories in terms of the geometry of Lagrange spaces. The horizontal geometry of the Lagrange space generalizes the Riemannian geometry on the scalar field manifold, inducing a broad class of affine connections that can be used to covariantly express and simplify tree-level scattering amplitudes. Meanwhile, the vertical geometry of the Lagrange space characterizes the physical validity of the effective field theory, as a torsion component comprises strictly higher-point Wilson coefficients. Imposing analyticity, unitarity, and symmetry on the theory then constrains the signs and sizes of derivatives of the torsion component, implying that physical theories correspond to a special class of vertical geometry.
↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·20 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.