Mon·Apr 24, 2023Monday·April 24, 2023

1. 01*

   High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Detection via Optical Frequency Modulation

   Torsten Bringmann🇳🇴 · Valerie Domcke🇨🇭 · Elina Fuchs🇨🇭 · Joachim Kopp🇨🇭

   High-frequency gravitational waves can be detected by observing the frequency modulation they impart on photons. We discuss fundamental limitations to this method related to the fact that it is impossible to construct a perfectly rigid detector. We then propose several novel methods to search for O(MHz-GHz) gravitational waves based on the frequency modulation induced in the spectrum of an intense laser beam, by applying optical frequency demodulation techniques, or by using optical atomic clock technology. We find promising sensitivities across a broad frequency range.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcphysics.atom-phPRD(2023)·70 citations
2. 02*

   Hunting scalar partners of the Higgs boson at the LHC

   Werner Porod🇩🇪

   Composite Higgs models with a fermionic ultraviolet completion predict in general additional pseudo Nambu Goldstone bosons beside the Higgs multiplet. In this contribution we discuss their LHC signatures and present first bounds in simplified models which can also be applied to generic models like multi-Higgs models. We then demonstrate how these can be combined taking a concrete model based on the SU(5)/SO(5) coset as an example. We use this to show how a proper combination of different channels can lead to an improved bound compared to a single channel analysis.

   hep-phPoS(2023)·0 citations
3. 03*

   eHIJING: an Event Generator for Jet Tomography in Electron-Ion Collisions

   Weiyao Ke🇺🇸 · Yuan-Yuan Zhang🇨🇳 · Hongxi Xing🇨🇳 · Xin-Nian Wang🇺🇸

   We develop the first event generator, the electron-Heavy-Ion-Jet-INteraction-Generator (eHIJING), for the jet tomography study of electron-ion collisions. In this generator, energetic jet partons produced from the initial hard scattering undergo multiple collisions with the nuclear target. The collision rate is proportional to the transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) gluon density in the nucleus, which is given by a simple model inspired by the physics of gluon saturation. Medium-modified QCD splitting functions within the higher-twist (HT) and generalized higher-twist (GHT) frameworks are utilized to simulate parton showering in the nuclear medium that takes into account the non-Abelian Landau-Pomeranchuck-Midgal interference effect. Employing eHIJING, we revisit hadron production in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) as measured by EMC, HERMES, and recent CLAS experiments. eHIJING with both GT and GHT frameworks gives reasonably good descriptions of these experimental data. Predictions for experiments at the future electron-ion colliders are also provided. It is demonstrated that future measurements of the transverse momentum broadening of single hadron spectra can be used to map out the two-dimensional kinematic ($Q^2,x_B$) dependence of the jet transport coefficient $\hat{q}$ in cold nuclear matter.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·19 citations
4. 04*

   Running anomalous dimensions in holographic QCD: from the proton to the sexaquark

   Nick Evans🇬🇧 · Matthew Ward🇬🇧

   In holographic models of QCD, the running of the anomalous dimension of the quark bilinear operator leads to chiral symmetry breaking when gamma=1 and the Breitenlohner-Freedman bound is violated. In that case, the running drives the sigma meson mass tachyonic inducing the chiral symmetry breaking. Here we include the running anomalous dimension in the computation of the spectrum of bound states associated with other operators made of light quarks, such as the nucleon and exotic sexaquark states. We show that including the one loop gauge theory running can have substantial effects on the predictions. For example, the nucleon mass to rho mass ratio is improved and lies much closer to the observed value. A similar result is obtained for the Lambda and Xi baryons when strange quarks are included. A uuddss sexaquark state with a low enough mass to make it stable can be achieved, but this depends on the input assumptions about the running dimension.

   hep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Effects of clustered nuclear geometry on the anisotropic flow in O-O collisions at the LHC within a multiphase transport model framework

   Debadatta Behera🇮🇳 · Suraj Prasad🇮🇳 · Neelkamal Mallick🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳

   To understand the true origin of flowlike signatures and applicability of hydrodynamics in small collision systems, effects of soft QCD dynamics, the sensitivity of jetlike correlations, and nonequilibrium effects, efforts are being made to perform \textit{p}-O and O-O collisions at the LHC and RHIC energies. It is equally interesting to look into the possible signatures of an $\alpha$-clustered nuclear geometry in ${}^{16}$O-${}^{16}$O collisions by studying the initial-state effects on the final-state observables. In this work, within a multiphase transport model, we implement an $\alpha$-cluster tetrahedral density profile in the oxygen nucleus along with the default Woods-Saxon density profile. We study the eccentricity (${ϵ}_2$), triangularity (${ϵ}_3$), normalized symmetric cumulants [NSC(2,3)], elliptic flow ($v_2$), and triangular flow ($v_3$) in ${}^{16}$O-${}^{16}$O collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=7$TeV. The constituent quark number scaling of the elliptic flow is also reported. For the most central collisions, enhanced effects in $⟨{ϵ}_3⟩/⟨{ϵ}_2⟩$ and $⟨v_3⟩/⟨v_2⟩$ with a negative value of NSC(2,3), and an away-side broadening in the two-particle azimuthal correlation function [$C(\Delta \varphi )$] of the identified particles are observed in the presence of an $\alpha$-clustered geometry.

   hep-phhep-exhep-thnucl-ex+1PRD(2023)·28 citations
6. 06*

   Analysis of the hidden-charm pentaquark states based on magnetic moment and transition magnetic moment

   Fei Guo🇨🇳 · Hao-Song Li🇨🇳

   In this work, we calculate the magnetic moments of the $P_{\psi }^{N^0}$ states and $P_{\psi }^{{\Delta }^0}$ states with valence quark content $\bar{c}cudd$ in molecular model, diquark-diquark-antiquark model and diquark-triquark model, as well as the transition magnetic moments in the molecular model. At the same time, we also calculate magnetic moments and transition magnetic moments of $P_{\psi }^{{\Delta }^{++}}$ states and $P_{\psi }^{{\Delta }^{-}}$ states in the molecular model as additional products. Our results show that in the diquark-diquark-antiquark model, the magnetic moments of $\lambda$ excitation state are usually larger than the magnetic moments of $\rho$ excitation state. We find some interesting proportional relationships between the expressions of transition magnetic moments. The results provide important insights for future experimental observation of hidden-charm pentaquark states and help to distinguish their inner structures. With these efforts, our understanding of the properties for the hidden-charm pentaquark states will become more abundant.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·34 citations
7. 07*

   Multi-skyrmion states in the Skyrme model with false vaccum potential

   Jun-Shuai Wang🇨🇳 · Yong-Liang Ma🇨🇳

   We study the multi-skyrmion states using a Skyrme model with false vacuum potential upto baryon number $B=8$ using the product ansatz. It is found that, both the false vacuum potential and true vacuum potential can yield cluster structure of the multi-skyrmion states. The effect of the explicit chiral breaking on the masses and the contour surfaces of the baryon number density of the multi-skyrmion states are analyzed.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-thCPC(2023)·0 citations
8. 08*

   Dilaton photoproduction in a magnetic dipole field of pulsars and magnetars

   Mikhail Astashenkov🇷🇺

   According to Einstein-Maxwell-Dilaton theory, the dilaton field $\psi$ can be produced by electromagnetic fields with non-zero Maxwell invariant. So electromagnetic wave propagating in an external electromagnetic field is a typical source of dilaton radiation. For study dilaton photoproduction in astrophysical conditions it's interesting to consider plane elliptically polarized electromagnetic wave propagating in the electromagnetic field of magnetic dipole $\mathbf{m}$ of pulsars and magnetars. The dilation field equation is solved in case $|\psi |\ll 1$. The angular distribution dilaton radiation is studied in every point of space. It's shown that spectral composition of dilatons is similar to spectral composition of plane electromagnetic wave. Amount of dilaton energy radiated in time and all directions is greatest in condition $(B_1^2-B_2^2)(m_x^2-m_y^2)\ge 0,$ where $B_1$ and $B_2$ are electromagnetic wave amplitudes along the axes of polarization ellipse. This condition is valid for many neutron star systems.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·4 citations
9. 09*

   CP asymmetry from resonance effect of B meson decay process with $\pi$ and K final states

   Gang Lü · Xi-Liang Yuan · Na-Wang · Xin-Heng Guo

   We introduce the new resonance of $V\to K^{+}{K}^{-}$ $(V=\varphi ,\rho ,\omega )$, which produces some new strong phase associated with vector meson resonance and thus can cause relatively large CP asymmetry at the range of interferences. There are the resonances of $\varphi \to K^{+}{K}^{-}$, $\rho \to K^{+}{K}^{-}$ and $\omega \to K^{+}{K}^{-}$ due to the mixing of vector mesons $\varphi$, $\rho$, $\omega$. We calculate the CP asymmetry from the decay modes of $B\to KK\pi (K)$. Meanwhile, the localised CP asymmetries are presented and some detailed analysis can be found. The CP asymmetry from the decay mode of $B^{-}\to \varphi {\pi }^{-}\to K^{+}{K}^{-}{\pi }^{-}$ is also presented in our framework which is well consisted with LHC experiment. The introduced CP asymmetry can provide a favorable theoretical support for the experimental exploration in the future.

   hep-phCPC(2023)·3 citations
10. 10*

    Inclusive production of fully-charmed tetraquarks at LHC

    Feng Feng🇨🇳 · Yingsheng Huang🇺🇸 · Yu Jia🇨🇳 · Wen-Long Sang🇨🇳 · De-Shan Yang🇨🇳 · Jia-Yue Zhang🇨🇳

    The $X(6900)$ resonance, originally discovered by the \texttt{LHCb} collaboration and later confirmed by both \texttt{ATLAS} and \texttt{CMS} experiments, has sparked broad interests in the fully-charmed tetraquark states. Relative to the mass spectra and decay properties of fully-heavy tetraquarks, our knowledge on their production mechanism is still rather limited. In this work we investigate the inclusive production of fully-charmed $S$-wave tetraquarks at \texttt{LHC} within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) factorization framework. The partonic cross sections are computed at lowest order in ${\alpha }_s$ and velocity, while the long-distance NRQCD matrix elements are estimated from phenomenological potential models. We predict the differential $p_T$ spectra of various fully-charmed $S$-wave tetraquarks at the \texttt{LHC}, and compare with the results predicted from the fragmentation mechanism at large $p_T$ end.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·40 citations
11. 11*

    The $\pi$-axion and $\pi$-axiverse of dark QCD

    Stephon Alexander🇺🇸 · Humberto Gilmer🇺🇸 · Tucker Manton🇺🇸 · Evan McDonough🇨🇦

    Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are a prominent dark matter candidate, drawing motivation in part from the axiverse of string theory. Axion-like particles can also arise as composite degrees of freedom of a dark sector, for example, as dark pions in dark Quantum Chromo-Dynamics. In a dark Standard Model (SM) wherein all 6 quark flavors are light while the photon is massive, one finds a rich low-energy spectrum of stable and ultralight particles, in the form of neutral and charged dark scalars, and complex neutral scalars analogous to the SM kaon, with mass splittings determined by the mass and charge of the dark quarks. The model finds a natural portal to the visible sector via kinetic coupling of the dark and visible photons, and consequent millicharges for dark matter. The dark matter can be a mixture of all these ultralight bosonic degrees of freedom, and exhibit both parity-even and parity-odd interactions, making the theory testable at a wide variety of experiments. In context of dark QCD with $N_f$ flavors of light quarks, this scenario predicts $N_f^2-1$ ultralight axion-like particles -- effectively an axiverse from dark QCD. This '$\pi$-axiverse' is consistent with but makes no recourse to string theory, and is complementary to the conventional string theory axiverse.

    hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thPRD(2023)·31 citations
12. 12*

    The parton-level structure of Higgs decays to hadrons at N${}^3$LO

    Xuan Chen🇨🇳 · Petr Jakubčík🇨🇭 · Matteo Marcoli🇨🇭 · Giovanni Stagnitto🇨🇭

    We present the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) corrections for Higgs boson decays to hadronic final states at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order (N${}^3$LO) in the strong coupling constant ${\alpha }_s$. In particular, we consider the Higgs boson decay to massless bottom quarks and the Higgs boson decay to a pair of gluons in the limit of a heavy top quark. The tree-level five-parton, the one-loop four-parton, the two-loop three-parton, and the three-loop two-parton matrix elements are integrated separately over the inclusive phase space and classified by partons appearing in the final state and by colour structure. As a check, we reproduce known results for the hadronic $R$-ratios at N${}^3$LO. We study patterns of infrared singularity cancellation within the colour layers of the integrated expressions and observe an agreement in the highest trascendental weight terms in the decay of different colour singlets to quarks. We anticipate that our result will be an essential ingredient for the formulation of N${}^3$LO subtraction schemes.

    hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·26 citations
13. 13*

    Keeping it Simple: Simplified Frameworks for Long-Lived Particles at Neutrino Facilities

    Brian Batell🇺🇸 · Wenjie Huang🇺🇸 · Kevin J. Kelly🇨🇭

    Modern-day accelerator neutrino facilities are excellent venues for searches for new-physics particles. Many distinct new-physics models predict overlapping signatures and phenomenology in these experiments. In this work, we advocate for the adoption of simplified frameworks when studying these types of new-physics signatures, which are characterized by a small number of primary variables, including particle masses, lifetimes, and production and decay modes/rates that most directly control signal event rates and kinematics. In particular, taking the example of long-lived particles that decay inside a neutrino detector as a test case, we study formulate and study simplified frameworks in the context of light scalars/fermions produced in kaon decays which then decay into final states containing an electron-positron pair. We show that using these simplified frameworks can allow for individual experimental analyses to be applicable to a wide variety of specific model scenarios. As a side benefit, we demonstrate that using this approach can allow for the T2K collaboration, by reinterpreting its search for Heavy Neutral Leptons, to be capable of setting world-leading limits on the Higgs-Portal Scalar model. Furthermore, we argue the simplified framework interpretation can serve as a bridge to model identification in the hopeful detection of a new-physics signal. As an illustration, we perform a first determination of the likelihood that, in the presence of a new-physics signal in a detector like the DUNE ND-GAr, multiple different new-physics hypotheses (such as the Higgs-Portal Scalar and Heavy Neutral Lepton ones) can be disentangled. We demonstrate that this model discrimination is favorable for some portions of detectable new-physics parameter space but for others, it is more challenging.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·14 citations
14. 14*

    Einstein-Dirac system in semiclassical gravity

    Ben Kain🇺🇸

    We study the Dirac equation minimally coupled to general relativity using quantum field theory and the semiclassical gravity approximation. Previous studies of the Einstein-Dirac system did not quantize the Dirac field and required multiple independent Dirac fields to preserve spherical symmetry. We canonically quantize a single Dirac field in a static spherically symmetric curved spacetime background. Using the semiclassical gravity approximation, in which the Einstein field equations are sourced by the expectation value of the stress-energy-momentum tensor, we derive a system of equations whose solutions describe static spherically symmetric self-gravitating configurations of identical quantum spin-1/2 particles. We self-consistently solve these equations and present example configurations. Although limiting cases of our semiclassical system of equations reproduce the multi-field system of equations found in the literature, our system of equations is derived from the excitations of a single quantum field.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·14 citations
15. 15*

    The D4/D8 model and holographic QCD

    Si-wen Li🇨🇳 · Xiao-tong Zhang🇨🇳

    As a top-down holographic approach, the D4/D8 model is expected to be the holographic version of QCD since it almost includes all the elementary features of QCD based on string theory. In this manuscript, we review the fundamental properties of the D4/D8 model with respect to the D4-brane background, embedding of flavor branes and holographic quark, gluon, meson, baryon and glueball with various symmetries, then we also take a look at some interesting applications and developments based on this model.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phSymmetry(2023)·7 citations
16. 16*

    Pion screening mass at finite chemical potential

    Rishabh Thakkar🇮🇳 · Prasad Hegde🇮🇳

    We present a method to compute the responses of meson screening masses to the chemical potential by Taylor expanding the correlator using lattice QCD simulation. We start by comparing the free theory lattice results with the analytical expression. Then, using symmetry arguments, we obtain an expression for the correlator in a series of the chemical potential at finite temperature. Using this, we obtain the lowest order correction to the screening mass at a finite chemical potential for temperatures around 2.5 GeV. Our lattice analysis is limited to isoscalar chemical potential for the pseudoscalar channel. The calculations were performed using (2+1)-flavors of the Highly Improved Staggered Quark (HISQ/tree) action, with the ratio of the strange quark mass to the light quark mass $m_s/m_{\ell }=20$ corresponding to pion masses of 160 MeV.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-exnucl-thJHEP(2023)·3 citations
17. 17*

    Potential of Constraining Propagation Parameters of Galactic Cosmic Rays with the High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection facility onboard China's Space Station

    Zhi-Hui Xu🇨🇳 · Qiang Yuan🇨🇳 · Zhi-Cheng Tang🇨🇳 · Xiao-Jun Bi🇨🇳

    Precise measurements of the spectra of secondary and primary cosmic rays are crucial for understanding the origin and propagation of those energetic particles. The High Energy cosmic-Radiation Detection (HERD) facility onboard China`s Space Station, which is expected to operate in 2027, will push the direct measurements of cosmic ray fluxes precisely up to PeV energies. In this work, we investigate the potential of HERD on studying the propagation of cosmic rays using the measurements of boron, carbon, and oxygen spectra. We find that, compared with the current results, the new HERD measurements can improve the accuracy of the propagation parameters by 8\% to 40\%. The constraints on the injection spectra at high energies will also be improved.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phRes.Astron.Astrophys.(2023)·6 citations
18. 18*

    Detectability of Late-time Supernova Neutrinos with Fallback Accretion onto Protoneutron star

    Ryuichiro Akaho🇯🇵 · Hiroki Nagakura🇯🇵 · Thierry Foglizzo🇫🇷

    We investigate the late-time neutrino emission powered by fallback mass accretion onto proto-neutron star (PNS), using neutrino radiation-hydrodynamic simulations with full Boltzmann neutrino transport. We follow the time evolution of accretion flow onto PNS until the system reaches a steady state. A standing shock wave is commonly formed in the accretion flow, whereas the shock radius varies depending on mass accretion rate and PNS mass. A sharp increase in temperature emerges in the vicinity of PNS ($\sim 10$ km), which characterizes neutrino emission. Both neutrino luminosity and average energy become higher with increasing mass accretion rate and PNS mass. The mean energy of emitted neutrinos is in the range of $10\lesssim ϵ\lesssim 20\mathrm{MeV}$, which is higher than that estimated from PNS cooling models ($\lesssim 10\mathrm{MeV}$). Assuming a distance to core-collapse supernova of $10\mathrm{kpc}$, we quantify neutrino event rates for Super-Kamiokande (Super-K) and DUNE. The estimated detection rates are well above the background, and their energy-dependent features are qualitatively different from those expected from PNS cooling models. Another notable feature is that the neutrino emission is strongly flavor dependent, exhibiting that the neutrino event rate hinges on the neutrino oscillation model. We estimate them in the case with adiabatic Mikheev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein model, and show that the normal- and inverted mass hierarchy offer the large number of neutrino detection in Super-K and DUNE, respectively. Hence the simultaneous observation with Super-K and DUNE of the fallback neutrinos will provide a strong constraint on neutrino mass hierarchy.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2024)·18 citations
19. 19*

    Running vacuum in the Universe: phenomenological status in light of the latest observations, and its impact on the ${\sigma }_8$ and $H_0$ tensions

    Joan Sola Peracaula🇪🇸 · Adria Gomez-Valent🇮🇹 · Javier de Cruz Perez🇪🇸 · Cristian Moreno-Pulido🇪🇸

    A substantial body of phenomenological and theoretical work over the last few years strengthens the possibility that the vacuum energy density (VED) of the universe is dynamical, and in particular that it adopts the `running vacuum model' (RVM) form, in which the VED evolves mildly as $\delta {\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}(H)\sim {\nu }_{\mathrm{eff}}{m}_{\mathrm{Pl}}^2\mathcal{O}\left(H^2\right)$, where $H$ is the Hubble rate and ${\nu }_{\mathrm{eff}}$ is a (small) free parameter. This dynamical scenario is grounded on recent studies of quantum field theory (QFT) in curved spacetime and also on string theory. It turns out that what we call the `cosmological constant', $\Lambda$, is no longer a rigid parameter but the nearly sustained value of $8\pi G(H){\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}(H)$ around (any) given epoch $H(t)$, where $G(H)$ is the gravitational coupling, which can also be very mildly running (logarithmically). Of particular interest is the possibility suggested in past works that such a running may help to cure the cosmological tensions afflicting the $\Lambda$CDM. In the current study, we reanalyze it in full and we find it becomes further buttressed. Using the modern cosmological data, namely a compilation of the latest $SNIa+BAO+$H(z)$+LSS+CMB$ observations, we probe to which extent the RVM provides a quality fit better than the concordance $\Lambda$CDM model, paying particular emphasis on its impact on the ${\sigma }_8$ and $H_0$ tensions. We utilize the Einstein-Boltzmann system solver $CLASS$ and the Monte Carlo sampler $MontePython$ for the statistical analysis, as well as the statistical $DIC$ criterion to compare the running vacuum against the rigid vacuum (${\nu }_{\mathrm{eff}}=0$). We show that with a tiny amount of vacuum dynamics ($|{\nu }_{\mathrm{eff}}|\ll 1$) the global fit can improve significantly with respect to the $\Lambda$CDM and the mentioned tensions may subside to inconspicuous levels.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phUniverse(2023)·93 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.