Wed·Apr 19, 2023Wednesday·April 19, 2023

1. 01*

   Testing secret interaction with astrophysical neutrino point sources

   C. Döring🇧🇪 · S. Vogl🇩🇪

   Recently, the IceCube collaboration observed a neutrino excess in the direction of NGC 1068 with high statistical significance. This constitutes the second detection of an astrophysical neutrino point source after the discovery of a variable emission originating from the blazar TXS~0506+056. Neutrinos emitted by these sources traverse huge, well-determined distances on their way to Earth. This makes them a promising tool to test new physics in the neutrino sector. We consider secret interactions with the cosmic neutrino background and discuss their impact on the flux of neutrino point sources. The observation of emission from NGC 1068 and TXS 0506+056 can then be used to put limits on the strength of the interaction. We find that our ignorance of the absolute neutrino masses has a strong impact and, therefore, we present limits in two benchmark scenarios with the sum of the neutrino masses around their lower and upper limits.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2024)·20 citations
2. 02*

   Comment on the paper SciPost Phys. Core 6, 019 (2023) by João F. Melo (arXiv:2112.09119)

   Anna Radovskaya🇷🇺 · Andrew G. Semenov🇷🇺

   In the paper by João F. Melo "The propagator matrix reloaded" (SciPost Phys. Core 6, 019 (2023), arXiv:2112.09119) the author provides a derivation of a formalism which includes interactions in the initial conditions for non-equilibrium quantum field theory. The main statement of this paper is that one cannot ignore interactions in the initial conditions, so quantum field theories at finite temperature are not free in the infinite past. In this comment we revise in details calculations from the section 5 of the paper and demonstrate explicitly that the main statement of this paper should be reconsidered.

   hep-phhep-th1 citation
3. 03*

   Gravity-improved metastability bounds for the Type-I Seesaw Mechanism

   Garv Chauhan🇺🇸 · Thomas Steingasser🇺🇸

   Right-handed neutrinos (RHN) destabilize the electroweak vacuum by increasing its decay rate. In the SM, the latter is dominated by physics at the RG scale at which $\lambda$ reaches its minimum, ${\mu }_{\ast }^{\text{SM}}\sim 10^{17}$ GeV. For large neutrino Yukawa coupling $Y_{\nu }$, RHNs can push ${\mu }_{\ast }$ beyond the Planck scale, implying that gravitational effects need to be taken into account. In this work, we perform the first comprehensive study of electroweak vacuum metastability in the type-I seesaw mechanism including these effects. Our analysis covers both low- and high-scale seesaw models, with two as well as three RHNs and for multiple values of the Higgs' non-minimal coupling to gravity. We find that gravitational effects can significantly stabilize the vacuum, leading to weaker metastability bounds. We show that metastability sets the strongest bounds for low-scale seesaws with $M_N>1$ TeV. For high-scale seesaws, we find upper bounds on the allowed masses for the RHNs, which are relevant for high-scale leptogenesis. We also point out that $\text{Tr}(Y_{\nu }^{†}{Y}_{\nu })$, which is commonly used to express these metastability bounds, cannot be used for all of parameter space. Instead, we argue that bounds can always be expressed reliably through $\text{Tr}(Y_{\nu }^{†}{Y}_{\nu }{Y}_{\nu }^{†}{Y}_{\nu })$. Lastly, we use this insight to develop a new technique for an easier RG analysis applicable to scenarios with degenerate RHN masses.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·17 citations
4. 04*

   Entanglement entropy of the proton in coordinate space

   Adrian Dumitru🇺🇸 · Alex Kovner🇺🇸 · Vladimir V. Skokov🇺🇸

   We calculate the entanglement entropy of a model proton wave function in coordinate space by integrating out degrees of freedom outside a small circular region $\bar{A}$ of radius $L$, where $L$ is much smaller than the size of the proton. The wave function provides a nonperturbative distribution of three valence quarks. In addition, we include the perturbative emission of a single gluon and calculate the entanglement entropy of gluons in $\bar{A}$. For both, quarks and gluons we obtain the same simple result: $S_E=-\int \frac{dx}{\Delta x}{N}_{L^2}(x)\log [N_{a^2}(x)]$, where $a$ is the UV cutoff in coordinate space and $\Delta x$ is the longitudinal resolution scale. Here $N_S(x)$ is the number of partons (of the appropriate species) with longitudinal momentum fraction $x$ inside an area $S$. It is related to the standard parton distribution function (PDF) by $N_S(x)=\frac{S}{A_p}\Delta xF(x)$, where $A_p$ denotes the transverse area of the proton.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·20 citations
5. 05*

   QCD angular momentum in $N\to \Delta$ transitions

   June-Young Kim🇺🇸 · Ho-Yeon Won🇰🇷 · Jose L. Goity🇺🇸 · Christian Weiss🇺🇸

   $N\to \Delta$ transitions offer new possibilities for exploring the isovector component of the QCD quark angular momentum (AM) operator causing the $J^{u-d}$ flavor asymmetry in the nucleon. We extend the concept of QCD AM to transitions between baryon states, using light-front densities of the energy-momentum tensor in transversely localized states. We calculate the $N\to \Delta$ transition AM in the $1/N_c$ expansion, connect it with the $J^{u-d}$ flavor asymmetry in the nucleon, and estimate the values using lattice QCD results. In the same setup we connect the transition AM to the transition GPDs sampled in hard exclusive electroproduction processes with $N\to \Delta$ transitions, enabling experimental study of the transition AM.

   hep-phhep-latPLB(2023)·20 citations
6. 06*

   Constraints on extended Jordan-Brans-Dicke gravity

   Kunio Kaneta🇯🇵 · Kin-ya Oda🇯🇵 · Motohiko Yoshimura🇯🇵

   Cosmological analysis of extended Jordan-Brans-Dicke (eJBD) gravity is presented in the Einstein metric frame in which gravitational interaction is readily understandable. Our formulation is the first systematic investigation of how to introduce lagrangian of standard particle physics in eJBD framework consistently with the general principle of spontaneously broken gauge symmetry, which makes it possible to confront eJBD-based cosmology with observational and laboratory bounds on time variation of parameters, masses, and coupling constants, caused by time evolution of eJBD fields. Decomposition of standard particle physics lagrangian into independent gauge invariant pieces is proposed to avoid serious conflict that may arise from standard lagrangian transformed from the Jordan frame. Independent conformal factors are assigned to each of five gauge invariant pieces. The formulation is most unambiguously made possible by defining fields having canonical kinetic terms that allow us to use the canonical quantization rule of field theory. This construction gives as one of its consequences the canonical eJBD field $\chi$ that couples to the universal fermion current, a linear combination of baryon and lepton number currents, ${\partial }_{\mu }\chi (\frac{1}{3}{j}_B^{\mu }+j_L^{\mu })$, in addition to the conventional trace of the energy-momentum tensor. Field equation of eJBD field along with gravitational equation is analyzed by using a simplified polynomial class of potential and conformal functions, giving time evolution of radiation, matter and dark energy densities consistent with observations when an appropriate set of model parameters are used. Finite temperature corrections are further calculated to give temperature dependent terms in eJBD field potential.

   hep-phgr-qcJCAP(2023)·5 citations
7. 07*

   Graceful exit from inflation and reheating with twin waterfalls

   Hyun Min Lee🇰🇷 · Adriana Menkara🇰🇷

   We study the hybrid inflation with a pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone boson inflaton and two waterfall scalar fields. The $Z_2$ symmetry for the waterfall fields keeps inflaton potential flat against quantum corrections coming from the waterfall couplings, and it is broken spontaneously in the vacuum without a domain wall problem within the Hubble horizon of our universe. We show that the $Z_2$ invariant Higgs portal couplings to the waterfall fields are responsible for the reheating process, leading to a sufficiently large reheating temperature after inflation. In the presence of an extra $Z_2^{\prime }$ symmetry, one of the waterfall fields or another singlet scalar field becomes a dark matter candidate. In particular, we find that preheating is sufficient to account for the correct relic density of the waterfall dark matter.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·6 citations
8. 08*

   Multipole Expansion for the Electron-Nucleus Scattering at High Energies in the Unified Electroweak Theory

   Z.P. Luong🇻🇳 · M.T. Vo🇻🇳

   The paper presents the multipole expansion for the electron-nucleus scattering cross section at high energies within the framework of the unified electroweak theory. The electroweak currents of the nucleus are expanded into the simple components with definite angular momenta, called the multipole form factors. The multipole expansion of the cross section is a consequence of the above expansion. Besides the familiar electromagnetic form factors, there are also the vector and axial form factors, respectively, related to weak interactions. To determine multipole form factors, general formulas for the calculation of reduced matrix elements are established using the fractional parentage coefficient method and the multiparticle shell model. Calculation of them enables us to obtain more detailed information about the nuclear structure and elucidate the role played by the weak interaction in the high-energy reaction mechanisms.

   hep-phnucl-thPLB(2023)·1 citation
9. 09*

   Long-lived Higgsino pairs decaying within the LHC detectors

   Francesca Borzumati🇯🇵 · Kaoru Hagiwara🇯🇵 · Kentarou Mawatari🇯🇵 · Youichi Yamada🇯🇵 · Toshifumi Yamashita🇯🇵

   Pair-produced long-lived lightest Higgsinos decaying within a few meters in the LHC detectors are considered. The relatively light nearly-pure Higgsino states object of this study are those of a supersymmetric minimal model with gauge-mediated supersymmetry breaking and heavy sfermions and gauginos. The heavier Higgsinos decay instantly into the lightest one, with very little activities. Hence, all pair-produced Higgsinos end up as a pair of the lightest neutral Higgsinos, possibly long lived and decaying into the gravitino and either the Higgs or the Z boson. If they decay inside the detectors, these bosons deposit huge energies in the calorimeters. The cross section ${\sigma }_2$ (${\sigma }_1$) for the events with two (at least one) decaying-in-flight lightest Higgsinos is examined. The combination $({\sigma }_1{)}^2/{\sigma }_2$ is found to be almost insensitive to the lightest Higgsino lifetime, thereby providing a good variable to measure its mass. The ratio ${\sigma }_1/{\sigma }_2$, instead, mildly dependent on its mass, can give good information on its lifetime. It is argued that the lightest Higgsinos in the events are rather slow, as the very relativistic ones escape away. Thus, the initial state radiations tend to be soft and a trigger system appropriate for such events is necessary to detect them.

   hep-ph0 citations
10. 10*

    Type-II see-saw at ${\mu }^{+}$${\mu }^{-}$ collider

    Siddharth P. Maharathy🇮🇳 · Manimala Mitra🇮🇳

    Doubly-charged Higgs bosons have extensively been searched at the LHC. In this work, we study the sensitivity reach of the doubly-charged scalar ($H^{\pm \pm }$) in muon collider for the well-known Type-II seesaw scenario. First, we perform a cut-based analysis to predict the discovery prospect in the muon collider operating with 3 TeV center of mass energy. In addition to this, we have also performed a multivariate analysis and compare the cut-based result with the result obtained from the multivariate analysis. We find that the cut-based analysis is more significant as compared to the multivariate analysis in the large doubly-charged scalar mass region. We predict that a doubly-charged scalar mass, $M_{H^{\pm \pm }}$, upto 1450 GeV can be probed with $5\sigma$ significance for center of mass $\sqrt{s}=3$ TeV and integrated luminosity $\mathcal{L}=1000{\text{fb}}^{-1}$.

    hep-phPLB(2023)·17 citations
11. 11*

    Probing vortical structures in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC-BES energies through helicity polarization

    Cong Yi🇨🇳 · Xiang-Yu Wu🇨🇳 · Di-Lun Yang🇹🇼 · Jian-Hua Gao🇨🇳 · Shi Pu🇨🇳 · Guang-You Qin🇨🇳

    We investigate the hydrodynamic helicity polarization of $\Lambda$ hyperons, defined as the projection of the spin polarization vector along the directions of particle momenta, at RHIC-BES energies by utilizing the relativistic (3+1)D CLVisc hydrodynamics framework with SMASH initial conditions. As opposed to local spin polarization at high energy collisions, our hydrodynamic simulations demonstrate that the helicity polarization induced by the kinetic vorticity dominates over other contributions at intermediate and low collision energies. Our findings provide an opportunity to probe the fine structure of local kinetic vorticity as a function of azimuthal angle at intermediate and low collision energies by mapping our predictions to the future measurements in experiments.

    hep-phnucl-thPRC(2024)·16 citations
12. 12*

    The pion-kaon scattering amplitude and the $K^0(700)$ and $K^{\ast }(892)$ resonances at finite temperature

    Angel Gómez Nicola🇪🇸 · Jacobo Ruiz de Elvira🇪🇸 · Andrea Vioque-Rodríguez🇪🇸

    We perform a complete calculation of the pion-kaon scattering amplitude in Chiral Perturbation Theory at finite temperature, paying particular attention to the analytic structure of the amplitude and the main differences with respect to the zero temperature case. We also extend the Inverse Amplitude Method at finite temperature for unequal-mass scattering processes, which allows us to unitarize the amplitude and obtain the thermal evolution of the $K_0^{\ast }(700)$ and $K^{\ast }(892)$ pole parameters. As a direct application of our analysis, we show that the thermal evolution of the $K_0^{\ast }(700)$ resonance is crucial to explain the behavior of the scalar susceptibility for isospin $I=1/2$, which in turn, is directly connected with chiral and $U(1{)}_A$ restoration properties of the QCD phase diagram.

    hep-phhep-latJHEP(2023)·11 citations
13. 13*

    Constraining the equation of state with heavy quarks in the quasi-particle model of QCD matter

    Feng-Lei Liu🇨🇳 · Xiang-Yu Wu🇨🇳 · Shanshan Cao🇨🇳 · Guang-You Qin🇨🇳 · Xin-Nian Wang🇨🇳

    In a quasi-particle model of QCD matter at finite temperature with thermal masses for quarks and gluons from hard thermal loops, the equation of state (EOS) can be described by an effective temperature dependence of the strong coupling $g(T)$. Assuming the same effective coupling between the exchanged gluon and thermal partons, the EOS can also be related to parton energy loss.} Based on the quasi-particle linear Boltzmann transport (QLBT) model coupled to a (3+1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamic model of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) evolution and a hybrid fragmentation-coalescence model for heavy quark hadronization, we perform a Bayesian analysis of the experimental data on $D$ meson suppression $R_{\mathrm{AA}}$ and anisotropy $v_2$ at RHIC and the LHC. We achieve a simultaneous constraint on the QGP EOS and the heavy quark transport coefficient, both consistent with the lattice QCD results.

    hep-phnucl-exnucl-thPLB(2024)·25 citations
14. 14*

    LIGO-VIRGO constraints on dark matter and leptogenesis triggered by a first order phase transition at high scale

    Debasish Borah🇮🇳 · Arnab Dasgupta🇺🇸 · Indrajit Saha🇮🇳

    We study the possibility of constraining a scenario with high scale first order phase transition (FOPT) responsible for the cogenesis of baryon and dark matter using gravitational wave (GW) (non)-observations. While the FOPT at high scale is responsible for generating baryon asymmetry through leptogenesis and dark matter via the \textit{mass-gain} mechanism, the resulting GW spectrum falls within the ongoing LIGO-VIRGO experimental sensitivity. The dark matter is preferred to be in the non-thermal ballpark with sub-GeV masses and the criteria of successful dark matter relic rules out a large portion of the parameter space consistent with high scale FOPT and successful leptogenesis. Some part of the parameter space allowed from dark matter and leptogenesis criteria also gives rise to a large signal-to-noise ratio at ongoing experiments and hence can be disfavoured in a conservative way from the non-observation of such stochastic GW background. Future data from ongoing and planned experiments will offer a complementary and indirect probe of the remaining parameter space which is typically outside the reach of any direct experimental probe.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2024)·17 citations
15. 15*

    How robust are particle physics predictions in asymptotic safety?

    Wojciech Kotlarski🇵🇱 · Kamila Kowalska🇵🇱 · Daniele Rizzo🇵🇱 · Enrico Maria Sessolo🇵🇱

    The framework of trans-Planckian asymptotic safety has been shown to generate phenomenological predictions in the Standard Model and in some of its simple new physics extensions. A heuristic approach is often adopted, which bypasses the functional renormalization group by relying on a parametric description of quantum gravity with universal coefficients that are eventually obtained from low-energy observations. Within this approach a few simplifying approximations are typically introduced, including the computation of matter renormalization group equations at 1~loop, an arbitrary definition of the position of the Planck scale at $10^{19}$ GeV, and an instantaneous decoupling of gravitational interactions below the Planck scale. In this work we systematically investigate, both analytically and numerically, the impact of dropping each of those approximations on the predictions for certain particle physics scenarios. In particular we study two extensions of the Standard Model, the gauged $B-L$ model and the leptoquark $S_3$ model, for which we determine a set of irrelevant gauge and Yukawa couplings. In each model, we present numerical and analytical estimates of the uncertainties associated with the predictions from asymptotic safety.

    hep-phEPJC(2023)·17 citations
16. 16*

    The heavy quark expansion for lifetimes: Towards the QCD corrections to power suppressed terms

    Thomas Mannel🇩🇪 · Daniel Moreno🇨🇭 · Alexei A. Pivovarov🇩🇪

    We consider the Heavy Quark Expansion (HQE) for the nonleptonic decay rates of heavy hadrons, and compute the NLO QCD corrections to power terms up to order $1/m_Q^2$. We neglect the masses of the final-state quarks, so the application of our result is mainly for charmed hadrons. Our result can be applied also to bottomed hadrons as they constitute the main effect to this order up to corrections of $\mathcal{O}(m_c/m_b)$ and contributions due to penguin operators. We discuss the impact of our result for the lifetimes of heavy hadrons.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·18 citations
17. 17*

    Light-cone distribution amplitudes of a light baryon in large-momentum effective theory

    Zhi-Fu Deng🇨🇳 · Chao Han🇨🇳 · Wei Wang🇨🇳 · Jun Zeng🇨🇳 · Jia-Lu Zhang🇨🇳

    Momentum distributions of quarks/gluons inside a light baryon in a hard exclusive process are encoded in the light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs). In this work, we point out that the leading twist LCDAs of a light baryon can be obtained through a simulation of a quasi-distribution amplitude calculable on lattice QCD within the framework of the large-momentum effective theory. We calculate the one-loop perturbative contributions to LCDA and quasi-distribution amplitudes and explicitly demonstrate the factorization of quasi-distribution amplitudes at the one-loop level. Based on the perturbative results, we derive the matching kernel in the $\overline{\mathrm{MS}}$ scheme and regularization-invariant momentum-subtraction scheme. Our result provides a first step to obtaining the LCDA from first principle lattice QCD calculations in the future.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·35 citations
18. 18*

    First computation of Mueller Tang processes using the full NLL BFKL approach

    Dimitri Colferai🇮🇹 · Federico Deganutti🇺🇸 · Timothy G Raben🇺🇸 · Christophe Royon🇺🇸

    We present the full next-to-leading order (NLO) prediction for the jet-gap-jet cross section at the LHC within the BFKL approach. We implement, for the first time, the NLO impact factors in the calculation of the cross section. We provide results for differential cross sections as a function of the difference in rapidity and azimuthal angle betwen the two jets and the second leading jet transverse momentum. The NLO corrections of the impact factors induce an overall reduction of the cross section with respect to the corresponding predictions with only LO impact factors. We note that NLO impact factors feature a logarithmic dependence of the cross section on the total center of mass energy which formally violates BFKL factorization. We show that such term is one order of magnitude smaller than the total contribution, and thus can be safely included in the current prediction without a need of further resummation of such logarithmic terms. Fixing the renormalization scale ${\mu }_R$ according to the principle of minimal sensitivity, suggests ${\mu }_R$ about 4 times the sum of the transverse jet energies and provides smaller theroretical uncertainties with respect to the leading order case.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·12 citations
19. 19*

    Anomalies, $\eta$ , $\eta$' as keys to glueballs

    Jean-Marie Frère🇧🇪

    Glueballs are the most straightforward prediction of QCD, yet while they have likely been produced, none has been unequivocally identified. We pursue a backdoor approach through anomalies, and singularly the $\eta$ and $\eta$' which brings light to this irritating situation. In particular, we advocate to consider the full decay chain $J/\psi \to X\gamma ,X\to \eta {\eta }^{\prime }$ (into glue-rich states followed by glue-rich decays). We also suggest new BES III searches, namely for the ${\pi }_1$ into $\eta {(}^{\prime }){\pi }^0$, (this would be the partner of their recently observed ${\eta }_1(1855)$). Another useful investigation would be for other channels (or semi-inclusive) $f_0(1500)$ decays (see last section)

    hep-phPoS(2023)·1 citation
20. 20*

    Chiral Lagrangians for singly heavy baryons to $\mathcal{O}(p^4)$ order

    Yuan-He Zou🇨🇳 · Hao Liu🇨🇳 · Yan-Rui Liu🇨🇳 · Shao-Zhou Jiang🇨🇳

    The chiral Lagrangians for singly heavy baryons are constructed up to the $\mathcal{O}(p^4)$ order. The involved baryons may be in a flavor antitriplet with spin-1/2, a flavor sextet with spin-$1/2$, or a flavor sextet with spin-3/2 when one considers three light flavors. For the relativistic version of Lagrangian, from $\mathcal{O}(p^2)$ to $\mathcal{O}(p^4)$, there exist 48, 199, and 1242 independent terms in the $SU(2)$ case and 59, 307, and 2454 independent terms in the $SU(3)$ case, respectively. For the Lagrangian in the heavy quark limit, from $\mathcal{O}(p^2)$ to $\mathcal{O}(p^4)$, the numbers of independent terms are reduced to 16, 64, and 412 in the $SU(2)$ case and to 17, 88, and 714 in the $SU(3)$ case, respectively. We obtain the low-energy constant relations between the relativistic case and the heavy-quark case up to the $\mathcal{O}(p^3)$ order. The relations between low-energy constants of independent relativistic terms are also presented up to this order by using the heavy quark symmetry.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·3 citations
21. 21*

    Soft gluon self-energy at finite temperature and density: hard NLO corrections in general covariant gauge

    Tyler Gorda🇩🇪 · Risto Paatelainen🇫🇮 · Saga Säppi🇩🇪 · Kaapo Seppänen🇫🇮

    We compute the next-to-leading order (NLO) hard correction to the gluon self-energy tensor with arbitrary soft momenta in a hot and/or dense weakly coupled plasma in Quantum Chromodynamics. Our diagrammatic computations of the two-loop and power corrections are performed within the hard-thermal-loop (HTL) framework and in general covariant gauge, using the real-time formalism. We find that after renormalization our individual results are finite and gauge-dependent, and they reproduce previously computed results in Quantum Electrodynamics in the appropriate limit. Combining our results, we also recover a formerly known gauge-independent matching coefficient and associated screening mass in a specific kinematic limit. Our NLO results supersede leading-order HTL results from the 1980s and pave the way to an improved understanding of the bulk properties of deconfined matter, such as the equation of state.

    hep-phnucl-thJHEP(2023)·16 citations
22. 22*

    The Primordial Black Holes that Disappeared: Connections to Dark Matter and MHz-GHz Gravitational Waves

    Thomas C. Gehrman🇺🇸 · Barmak Shams Es Haghi🇺🇸 · Kuver Sinha🇺🇸 · Tao Xu🇺🇸

    In the post-LIGO era, there has been a lot of focus on primordial black holes (PBHs) heavier than $\sim 10^{15}$g as potential dark matter (DM) candidates. We point out that the branch of the PBH family that disappeared - PBHs lighter than $\sim 10^9$g that ostensibly Hawking evaporated away in the early Universe - also constitute an interesting frontier for DM physics. Hawking evaporation itself serves as a portal through which such PBHs can illuminate new physics, for example by emitting dark sector particles. Taking a simple DM scalar singlet model as a template, we compute the abundance and mass of PBHs that could have provided, by Hawking evaporation, the correct DM relic density. We consider two classes of such PBHs: those originating from curvature perturbations generated by inflation, and those originating from false vacuum collapse during a first-order phase transition. For PBHs of both origins we compute the gravitational wave (GW) signals emanating from their formation stage: from second-order effects in the case of curvature perturbations, and from sound waves in the case of phase transitions. The GW signals have peak frequencies in the MHz-GHz range typical of such light PBHs. We compute the strength of such GWs compatible with the observed DM relic density, and find that the GW signal morphology can in principle allow one to distinguish between the two PBH formation histories.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2023)·67 citations
23. 23*

    Uncovering doubly charged scalars with dominant three-body decays using machine learning

    Thomas Flacke🇰🇷 · Jeong Han Kim🇰🇷 · Manuel Kunkel🇩🇪 · Pyungwon Ko🇰🇷 · Jun Seung Pi🇰🇷 · Werner Porod🇩🇪 · Leonard Schwarze🇩🇪

    We propose a deep learning-based search strategy for pair production of doubly charged scalars undergoing three-body decays to $W^{+}t\bar{b}$ in the same-sign lepton plus multi-jet final state. This process is motivated by composite Higgs models with an underlying fermionic UV theory. We demonstrate that for such busy final states, jet image classification with convolutional neural networks outperforms standard fully connected networks acting on reconstructed kinematic variables. We derive the expected discovery reach and exclusion limit at the high-luminosity LHC.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·12 citations
24. 24*

    Trajectories of astroparticles in pseudo-Finsler spacetime with the most general modified dispersion

    Jie Zhu🇨🇳 · Bo-Qiang Ma🇨🇳

    Finsler geometry is a natural and fundamental generalization of Riemann geometry, and is a tool to research Lorentz invariance violation. We find the connection between the most general modified dispersion relation and a pseudo-Finsler structure, and then we calculate the arrival time delay of astroparticles with different modified dispersion relations in the framework of Finsler geometry. The result suggests that the time delay is irrelevant with the exact form of the modified dispersion relation. If the modified term becomes 0 when $E=p$, there is no arrival time difference, otherwise the time delays only depend on the Lorentz violation scale and the order at which the Lorentz invariance breaks.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.HEhep-phmath-ph+1EPJC(2023)·4 citations
25. 25*

    Two-injection scenario for the hard X-ray excess observed in Mrk 421

    Wen Hu🇨🇳 · Da-hai Yan · Qiang-lin Hu

    An interesting result recently reported for Mrk 421 is the detection of a significant excess at hard X-ray energies, which could provide useful information for investigating particle acceleration and emission mechanisms in the relativistic jet. Considering a two-injection scenario, we develop a self-consistent one-zone leptonic model to understand the origin of the hard X-ray excess in Mrk 421 during the period of extremely low X-ray and very high energy (VHE) flux in 2013 January. In the model, two populations of mono-energetic ultrarelativistic electrons are injected into the emission region that is a magnetized plasmoid propagating along the blazar jet. We numerically calculate the emitting electron energy distribution by solving a kinetic equation that incorporates both shock acceleration and stochastic acceleration processes. Moreover, we infer analytic expressions relating electrons acceleration, cooling, escape and injection to the observed spectra and variability. For the injection luminosity in particular, we derive a new approximate analytical expression for the case of continual injection with a mono-energetic distribution. Based on a comparison between the theoretical predictions and the observed SED, we conclude that the hard X-ray excess observed in Mrk 421 may be due to the synchrotron radiation emitted by an additional electrons population, which is co-spatial with an electron population producing simultaneous Optical/UV, soft X-ray, and $\gamma$-ray emissions. The stochastic acceleration may play a major role in producing the observed X-ray spectrum.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJ(2023)·9 citations
26. 26*

    Quantum atmosphere effective radii for different spin fields from quantum gravity inspired black holes

    Douglas M. Gingrich🇨🇦

    Quantum atmosphere effective radii for the emission of spin-0, -1/2, -1, and -2 massless fields from Schwarzschild, Tangherlini, non-commutative geometry inspired, and polymeric black holes are calculated. The power observed from the black hole at spatial infinity taking greybody factors into account is compared to an equal-power black-body radiator of the same temperature but different effective radius. A large range of different radii are obtained for different spin fields and black holes. The equal-power black-body effective radius is not, in general, a good proxy for the location of the quantum atmosphere.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thGen.Rel.Grav.(2023)·1 citation
27. 27*

    Monopoles of the Dirac type and color confinement in QCD -- Study of the continuum limit

    Tsuneo Suzuki🇯🇵

    Non-Abelian gauge fields having a line-singularity of the Dirac type lead us to violation of the non-Abelian Bianchi identity. The violation as an operator is equivalent to violation of Abelian-like Bianchi identities corresponding to eight Abelian-like conserved magnetic monopole currents of the Dirac type in $SU(3)$ QCD. It is very interesting to study if these new Abelian-like monopoles are responsible for color confinement in the continuum $SU(3)$ QCD, since any reliable candidate of color magnetic monopoles is not known yet. If these new Abelian-like monopoles exist in the continuum limit, the Abelian dual Meissner effect occurs, so that the linear part of the static potential between a quark-antiquark pair is reproduced fully by those of Abelian and monopole static potentials. These phenomena are called here as perfect Abelian and monopole dominances. It is shown that the perfect Abelian dominance is reproduced fairly well, whereas the perfect monopole dominance seems to be realized for large $\beta$ when use is made of the smooth lattice configurations in the maximally Abelian (MA) gauge. Making use of a block spin transformation with respect to monopoles, the scaling behaviors of the monopole density and the effective monopole action are studied. Both monopole density and the effective monopole action which are usually a two-point function of $\beta$ and the number of times $n$ of the block spin transformation are a function of $b=na(\beta )$ alone for $n=1,2,3,4,6,8,12$. If the scaling behavior is seen for up to larger $n$, it shows the existence of the continuum limit, since $a(\beta )\to 0$ when $n\to \infty$ for fixed $b=na(\beta )$. Along with the previous results without any gauge fixing, these new results obtained in MA gauge suggest that the new Abelian-like monopoles play the role of color confinement in $SU(3)$ QCD.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·3 citations
28. 28*

    A Dark Matter Probe in Accreting Pulsar-Black Hole Binaries

    Ali Akil🇨🇳 · Qianhang Ding🇨🇳

    The accretion of dark matter (DM) into astrophysical black holes slowly increases their mass. The rate of this mass accretion depends on the DM model and the model parameters. If this mass accretion effect can be measured accurately enough, it is possible to rule out some DM models, and, with the sufficient technology and the help of other DM constraints, possibly confirm one model. We propose a DM probe based on accreting pulsar-black hole binaries, which provide a high-precision measurement on binary orbital phase shifts induced by DM accretion into black holes, and can help rule out DM models and study the nature of DM.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2023)·7 citations
29. 29*

    Disentangling the gravity dual of Yang-Mills theory

    Niko Jokela🇫🇮 · Arttu Pönni🇫🇮 · Tobias Rindlisbacher🇨🇭 · Kari Rummukainen🇫🇮 · Ahmed Salami🇫🇮

    A construction of a gravity dual to a physical gauge theory requires confronting data. We establish a proof-of-concept for precision holography, i.e., the explicit reconstruction of the dual background metric functions directly from the entanglement entropy (EE) of strip subregions that we extract from pure glue Yang-Mills theory discretized on a lattice. Our main focus is on a three-dimensional Euclidean SU(2) theory in the deconfining phase. Holographic EE suggests, and we find evidence for, that the scaling of the thermal entropy with temperature is to power 7/3 and that it approaches smoothly the critical point, consistent with black hole thermodynamics. In addition, we provide frugal results on the potential between quenched quarks by the computation of the Polyakov loop correlators on the lattice. Holographic arguments pique curiosity in the substratum of Debye screening at strong coupling.

    ↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phJHEP(2023)·32 citations
30. 30*

    Exact mapping from the $(3+1)$-dimensional Skyrme model to the $(1+1)$-dimensional sine-Gordon theory and some applications

    Fabrizio Canfora🇨🇱 · Marcela Lagos🇨🇱 · Pablo Pais🇨🇱 · Aldo Vera🇨🇱

    A remarkable exact mapping, valid for low-enough energy scales and close to a sharp boundary distribution of hadronic matter, from the $(3+1)$-dimensional Skyrme model to the sine-Gordon theory in $(1+1)$ dimensions in the attractive regime is explicitly constructed. Besides the intrinsic theoretical interest to be able to describe the prototype of nonintegrable theories (namely, quantum chromodynamics in the infrared regime) in terms of the prototype of integrable relativistic field theories (namely, sine-Gordon theory in $(1+1)$ dimensions), we will show that this mapping can be extremely useful to analyze both equilibrium and out-of-equilibrium features of baryonic distributions in a cavity.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·4 citations
31. 31*

    Holographic Non-Abelian Flavour Symmetry Breaking

    Johanna Erdmenger (1)🇩🇪 · Nick Evans (2)🇬🇧 · Yang Liu (1)🇩🇪 · Werner Porod (1) ((1) Institute for Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, (2) School of Physics & Astronomy and STAG Research Centre, University of Southampton)🇩🇪

    We investigate a holographic model for both spontaneous and explicit symmetry breaking of non-abelian flavour symmetries. This consists of a bottom-up model inspired by the top-down D3/D7 probe brane model that incorporates the running anomalous dimensions of the fields. We ensure that in the holographic bulk, the full non-abelian flavour symmetries for massless quarks are present. The quark masses are spontaneously generated field values in the bulk and there is a resultant bulk Higgs mechanism. We provide a numerical technique to find the mass eigenvalues for a system of coupled holographic fields. We test this approach using an analytic model of $\mathcal{N}=2$ supersymmetric matter. We apply this approach to two-flavour QCD with both $u-d$ quark mass splitting and multi-trace bulk action terms that are expected to break $U(N_f{)}_V$ to $SU(N_f{)}_V\times U(1{)}_V$ away from large $N_c$. We also discuss three-flavour QCD with strange quark mass splitting and applications to more exotic symmetry breaking patterns of potential relevance for composite Higgs models.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phUniverse(2023)·24 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.