Mon·Apr 17, 2023Monday·April 17, 2023

1. 01*

   Suppression of proton decay in quantum gravity

   Astrid Eichhorn🇩🇰 · Shouryya Ray🇩🇰

   The bound on the proton lifetime is one of a small handful of observations that constrains physics not far from the Planck scale. This calls for a calculation of the proton lifetime in quantum gravity. Here, we calculate how quantum fluctuations of the metric impact four-fermion interactions which mediate proton decay. We find that quantum gravity lowers the scaling dimension of the four-fermion interaction, suppressing proton decay and raising the proton lifetime significantly. As a special case, we analyze asymptotically safe quantum gravity, in which we discover that proton-decay-mediating four-fermion interactions are strictly zero.

   hep-phgr-qchep-thPLB(2024)·9 citations
2. 02*

   New Physics searches using ProtoDUNE and the CERN SPS accelerator

   Pilar Coloma🇪🇸 · Jacobo López-Pavón🇪🇸 · Laura Molina-Bueno🇪🇸 · Salvador Urrea🇪🇸

   The exquisite capabilities of liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers make them ideal to search for weakly interacting particles in Beyond the Standard Model scenarios. Given their location at CERN the ProtoDUNE detectors may be exposed to a flux of such particles, produced in the collisions of 400 GeV protons (extracted from the Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator) on a target. Here we point out the interesting possibilities that such a setup offers to search for both long-lived unstable particles (Heavy Neutral Leptons, axion-like particles, etc) and stable particles (e.g. light dark matter, or millicharged particles). Our results show that, under conservative assumptions regarding the expected luminosity, this setup has the potential to improve over present bounds for some of the scenarios considered. This could be done within a short timescale, using facilities that are already in place at CERN, and without interfering with the experimental program in the North Area.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2024)·20 citations
3. 03*

   Effective portals to heavy neutral leptons

   Enrique Fernández-Martínez🇪🇸 · Manuel González-López🇪🇸 · Josu Hernández-García🇭🇺 · Matheus Hostert🇬🇧 · Jacobo López-Pavón🇪🇸

   The existence of right-handed neutrinos, or heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), is strongly motivated by the observation of neutrino masses and mixing. The mass of these new particles could lie below the electroweak scale, making them accessible to low-energy laboratory experiments. Additional new physics at high energies can mediate new interactions between the Standard Model particles and HNLs, and is most conveniently parametrized by the neutrino Standard Model Effective Field Theory, or $\nu$SMEFT for short. In this work, we consider the dimension six $\nu$SMEFT operators involving one HNL field in the mass range of $\mathcal{O}(1)$ MeV $<M_N<\mathcal{O}(100)$ GeV. By recasting existing experimental limits on the production and decay of new light particles, we constrain the Wilson coefficients and new physics scale of each operator as a function of the HNL mass.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·107 citations
4. 04*

   Evolution of structure functions in momentum space

   Tuomas Lappi🇫🇮 · Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · Hannu Paukkunen🇫🇮 · Mirja Tevio🇫🇮

   We formulate the momentum-space Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) evolution equations for structure functions measurable in deeply inelastic scattering. We construct a six-dimensional basis of structure functions that allows for a full three flavor structure and thereby provides a way to calculate perturbative predictions for physical cross sections directly without unobservable parton distribution functions (PDFs) and without the associated scheme dependence. We derive the DGLAP equations to first non-zero order in strong coupling ${\alpha }_s$, but the approach can be pursued to arbitrary order in perturbation theory. We also numerically check our equations against the conventional PDF formulation.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJC(2024)·19 citations
5. 05*

   A new look at $\psi (4160)$ and $\psi (4230)$

   Zhi-Yong Zhou🇨🇳 · Chun-Yong Li🇨🇳 · Zhiguang Xiao🇨🇳

   By simultaneously analyzing the cross section data of $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to D\bar{D},D{\bar{D}}^{\ast },D^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast },D\bar{D}\pi$ in a coupled-channel scheme with unitarity, we found that, in contrast to the conventional wisdom, the pole of $\psi (2^3{D}_1)$ might be located at about $\sqrt{s}=4222-32i\mathrm{MeV}$. This observation implies a possibility that the two resonances, dubbed the $\psi (4160)$ and $\psi (4230)$ in the PDG table now, might be the same $\psi (2^3{D}_1)$ state. Such a suggestion could provide more insight to our understanding the enigmatic decay properties of $\psi (4160)$ and $\psi (4230)$. Furthermore, this coupled-channel scheme could be applied to study other phenomena with several interfering resonances.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-th8 citations
6. 06*

   Dark matter induced dynamical symmetry breaking

   Kristjan Kannike🇪🇪

   We consider the classically scale invariant Higgs-dilaton model of dynamical symmetry breaking extended with an extra scalar field that plays the role of dark matter. The Higgs boson is light near a critical boundary between different symmetry breaking phases, where quantum corrections beyond the usual Gildener-Weinberg approximation become relevant. The only large scale, which generates the other scales, is given by the mass of dark matter. This implies a tighter connection between dark matter and Higgs phenomenology. The model has only three free parameters, yet it allows for the observed relic abundance of dark matter while respecting all constraints. The direct detection cross section mediated by the Higgs boson is determined by the dark matter mass alone and is testable at future experiments.

   hep-ph0 citations
7. 07*

   Effective Field Theories for Dark Matter Pairs in the Early Universe

   Simone Biondini🇨🇭 · Nora Brambilla🇩🇪 · Gramos Qerimi🇩🇪 · Antonio Vairo🇩🇪

   In this conference paper, we consider effective field theories of non-relativistic dark matter particles interacting with a light force mediator in the early expanding universe. We present a general framework, where to account in a systematic way for the relevant processes that may affect the dynamics during thermal freeze-out. In the temperature regime where near-threshold effects, most notably the formation of bound states and Sommerfeld enhancement, have a large impact on the dark matter relic density, we scrutinize possible contributions from higher excited states and radiative corrections in the annihilations and decays of dark-matter pairs.

   hep-phastro-ph.COLHEP(2023)·2 citations
8. 08*

   Jet substructure observables for jet quenching in Quark Gluon Plasma: a Machine Learning driven analysis

   Miguel Crispim Romão🇵🇹 · José Guilherme Milhano🇵🇹 · Marco van Leeuwen🇳🇱

   We present a survey of a comprehensive set of jet substructure observables commonly used to study the modifications of jets resulting from interactions with the Quark Gluon Plasma in Heavy Ion Collisions. The \jewel{} event generator is used to produce simulated samples of quenched and unquenched jets. Three distinct analyses using Machine Learning techniques on the jet substructure observables have been performed to identify both linear and non-linear relations between the observables, and to distinguish the Quenched and Unquenched jet samples. We find that most of the observables are highly correlated, and that their information content can be captured by a small set of observables. We also find that the correlations between observables are resilient to quenching effects and that specific pairs of observables exhaust the full sensitivity to quenching effects. The code, the datasets, and instructions on how to reproduce this work are also provided.

   hep-phnucl-exnucl-thSciPost Phys.(2024)·16 citations
9. 09*

   Late baryogenesis in a two-brane universe with a latent C/CP violation

   Michael Sarrazin🇫🇷 · Coraline Stasser🇧🇪

   We introduce a toy model of baryogenesis where our usual visible Universe is a 3-brane coevolving with a hidden 3-brane in a multidimensional bulk, in an ekpyrotic-like approach. The visible matter and antimatter sectors are coupled with the hidden matter and antimatter sectors, breaking the C/CP invariance and leading to baryogenesis occurring after the quark-gluon era. The issue of leptogenesis is also discussed. This model complements cosmological approaches in which dark matter and dark energy could naturally emerge from many-brane scenarios.

   hep-phgr-qc0 citations
10. 10*

    A Realistic Neutrino mixing scheme arising from $A_4$ symmetry

    Manash Dey🇮🇳 · Subhankar Roy🇮🇳

    We propose a unique lepton mixing scheme and its association with an exact hierarchy-philic neutrino mass matrix texture in the light of Type-I+Type-II seesaw mechanism under the framework of $A_4\times Z_{10}$ discrete flavour symmetry. The proposed model successfully predicts the normal ordering of neutrino masses and the two Majorana phases. Additionally, the analysis extends to the effective Majorana neutrino mass, in the context of neutrinoless double beta\,($0\nu \beta \beta$)-decay.

    hep-phEPL(2024)·8 citations
11. 11*

    Accurate Inverse-Compton Models Strongly Enhance Leptophilic Dark Matter Signals

    Isabelle John🇸🇪 · Tim Linden🇸🇪

    The annihilation of TeV-scale leptophilic dark matter into electron-positron pairs (hereafter $e^{+}{e}^{-}$) will produce a sharp cutoff in the local cosmic-ray $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ spectrum at an energy matching the dark matter mass. At these high energies, $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ cool quickly due to synchrotron interactions with magnetic fields and inverse-Compton scattering with the interstellar radiation field. These energy losses are typically modelled as a continuous process. However, inverse-Compton scattering is a stochastic energy-loss process where interactions are rare but catastrophic. We show that when inverse-Compton scattering is modelled as a stochastic process, the expected $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ flux from dark matter annihilation is about a factor of $\sim$2 larger near the dark matter mass than in the continuous model. This greatly enhances the detectability of heavy dark matter annihilating to $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ final states.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2023)·11 citations
12. 12*

    Formulation of causality-preserving quantum time of arrival theory

    Denny Lane B. Sombillo🇵🇭 · Neris I. Sombillo🇵🇭

    We revisit the quantum correction to the classical time of arrival to address the unphysical instantaneous arrival in the limit of zero initial momentum. In this study, we show that the vanishing of arrival time is due to the contamination of the causality-violating component of the initial wave packet. Motivated by this observation, we propose to update the temporal collapse mechanism in [Galapon E. A. 2009, Proc. R. Soc. A.46571-86] to incorporate the removal of causality-violating spectra of the arrival time operator. We found that the quantum correction to the classical arrival time is still observed. Thus, our analysis validates that the correction is an inherent consequence of quantizing a time observable and is not just some mathematical artifact of the theory. We also discuss the possible application of the theory in describing point interactions in particle physics and provide a possible explanation to the observed neutron's lifetime anomaly.

    ↳ quant-phhep-exhep-phPLA(2023)·3 citations
13. 13*

    Updated constraints on $\mathcal{T}$,$\mathcal{P}$-violating axionlike-particle-mediated electron-electron and electron-nucleus interactions from HfF${}^{+}$ experiment

    Sergey D. Prosnyak🇷🇺 · Daniel E. Maison🇷🇺 · Leonid V. Skripnikov🇷🇺

    Recently, upper bounds on the static time-reversal ($\mathcal{T}$) and spatial parity ($\mathcal{P}$)-violating electron electric dipole moment ($e$EDM) and dimensionless constant characterizing the strength of the $\mathcal{T}$,$\mathcal{P}$-violating scalar-pseudoscalar nucleus-electron interaction have been updated in the JILA experiment using the HfF${}^{+}$ cations [T.S. Roussy et al, arxiv:2212.11841 (2022)]. We considered other two sources of the $\mathcal{T}$,$\mathcal{P}$,-violation in HfF${}^{+}$ -- axionlike-particle-mediated (ALP) scalar-pseudoscalar electron-electron and nucleus-electron interactions. To estimate the magnitude of effects, induced by such interactions in HfF${}^{+}$ we have developed and applied a method which implies direct use of the ab-initio relativistic coupled cluster theory to calculate molecular parameters that characterize the interactions. Using these parameters, we showed that an order of magnitude updated laboratory constraints on the ALP-mediated electron-electron and nucleus-electron interactions can be derived from the experimental data on $\mathcal{T}$,$\mathcal{P}$-violating effects in HfF${}^{+}$ for a wide range of ALP masses.

    ↳ physics.atom-phhep-phphysics.chem-phSymmetry(2023)·13 citations
14. 14*

    Singlets in gauge theories with fundamental matter

    Ed Bennett🇬🇧 · Ho Hsiao🇹🇼 · Jong-Wan Lee🇰🇷 · Biagio Lucini🇬🇧 · Axel Maas🇦🇹 · Maurizio Piai🇬🇧 · Fabian Zierler🇦🇹

    We provide the first determination of the mass of the lightest flavor-singlet pseudoscalar and scalar bound states (mesons), in the $\mathrm{Sp}(4)$ Yang-Mills theory coupled to two flavors of fundamental fermions, using lattice methods. This theory has applications both to composite Higgs and strongly-interacting dark matter scenarios. We find the singlets to have masses comparable to those of the light flavored states, which might have important implications for phenomenological models. We focus on regions of parameter space corresponding to a moderately heavy mass regime for the fermions. We compare the spectra we computed to existing and new results for $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ and $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ theories, uncovering an intriguing degree of commonality. As a by-product, in order to perform the aforementioned measurements, we implemented and tested, in the context of symplectic lattice gauge theories, several strategies for the treatment of disconnected-diagram contributions to two-point correlation functions. These technical advances set the stage for future studies of the singlet sector in broader portions of parameter space of this and other lattice theories with a symplectic gauge group.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phPRD(2024)·32 citations
15. 15*

    Probing Beyond the Standard Model Physics with Double-beta Decays

    E. Bossio🇩🇪 · M. Agostini🇬🇧

    Nuclear double-beta decays are a unique probe to search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Still-unknown particles, non-standard interactions, or the violation of fundamental symmetries would affect the decay kinematic, creating detectable and characteristic experimental signatures. In particular, the energy distribution of the electrons emitted in the decay gives an insight into the decay mechanism and has been studied in several isotopes and experiments. No deviations from the prediction of the Standard Model have been reported yet. However, several new experiments are underway or in preparation and will soon increase the sensitivity of these beyond the Standard Model physics searches, exploring uncharted parts of the parameter space. This review brings together phenomenological and experimental aspects related to new-physics searches in double-beta decay experiments, focusing on the testable models, the most-sensitive detection techniques, and the discovery opportunities of this field.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phJ.Phys.G(2024)·28 citations
16. 16*

    Dynamic scaling of order parameter fluctuations in model B

    Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay🇺🇸 · Josh Ott🇺🇸 · Thomas Schaefer🇺🇸 · Vladimir Skokov🇺🇸

    We describe numerical simulations of the stochastic diffusion equation with a conserved charge. We focus on the dynamics in the vicinity of a critical point in the Ising universality class. The model we consider is expected to describe the critical dynamics near a possible QCD critical point if the coupling of the order parameter to the momentum density of the fluid can be neglected. The simulations are performed on a spatial lattice, and the time evolution is performed using a Metropolis algorithm. We determine the dynamical critical exponent $z\simeq 3.972(2)$, which agrees with predictions of the epsilon expansion. We also study non-equilibrium sweeps of the reduced temperature and observe approximate Kibble-Zurek scaling.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2023)·23 citations
17. 17*

    Inflation and the late time acceleration from Hossenfelder-Verlinde gravity

    Youngsub Yoon🇰🇷 · Atanu Guha🇰🇷

    We show that Hossenfelder's covariant formulation of Verlinde's emergent gravity predicts inflation and the late-time acceleration at the same time, without assuming a separate field such as inflaton, whose sole purpose is producing inflation. In particular, for the current deceleration parameter $q=-0.95$ to $-0.55$, we obtained ${\lambda }^2$, the mass of the imposter field, from $1.85\times 10^4$ to $2.26\times 10^4$. We also note that the value of $\lambda$ around $q=-0.93$ coincides with the inverse of fine structure constant.

    ↳ gr-qchep-ph1 citation
18. 18*

    Locality Outside Extremal Black Holes

    Hessamaddin Arfaei🇮🇷 · Alek Bedroya🇺🇸 · Mahdi Torabian🇮🇷

    Motivated by string theory, we propose that non-local quantum corrections to large extremal black holes must be suppressed by local higher-derivative terms (classical corrections). We show that this condition implies the species bound in all even dimensions, is motivated by Weak Gravity Conjecture, and is necessary for the mild form of the Weak Gravity Conjecture in supersymmetric theories with more than supercharges.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-ph1 citation
19. 19*

    Spontaneous Mutations from Terahertz Proton Tunneling

    Noah Bray-Ali🇨🇦

    Protons in the gap between base pairs of the double helix store the code of life by breaking the chiral symmetry that swaps the sense strand with its complementary partner. When these hydrogen bonds break during replication and transcription, pairs of protons switch sides restoring chiral symmetry and destroying genetic information. Using time-independent second-order perturbation theory, we show that the observed rate of such spontaneous mutations follows in the sudden approximation for bond breaking provided protons in bonds between bases tunnel across the gap with terahertz frequencies.

    ↳ physics.bio-phhep-phq-bio.BM0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.