Tue·Apr 11, 2023Tuesday·April 11, 2023

1. 01*

   Light-front puzzles

   Wayne Polyzou🇺🇸

   Light-front formulations of quantum field theories have many advantages for computing electroweak matrix elements of strongly interacting systems and other quantities that are used to study hadronic structure. The theory can be formulated in Hamiltonian form so non-perturbative calculations of the strongly interacting initial and final states are in principle reduced to linear algebra. These states are needed for calculating parton distribution functions and other types of distribution amplitudes that are used to understand the structure of hadrons. Light-front boosts are kinematic transformations so the strongly interacting states can be computed in any frame. This is useful for computing current matrix elements involving electroweak probes where the initial and final hadronic states are in different frames related by the momentum transferred by the probe. Finally in many calculations the vacuum is trivial so the calculations can be formulated in Fock space. The advantages of light front-field theory would not be interesting if the light-front formulation was not equivalent to the covariant or canonical formulations of quantum field theory. Many of the distinguishing properties of light-front quantum field theory are difficult to reconcile with canonical or covariant formulations of quantum field theory. This paper discusses the resolution of some of the apparent inconsistencies in canonical, covariant and light-front formulations of quantum field theory. The puzzles that will be discussed are (1) the problem of inequivalent representations (2) the problem of the trivial vacuum (3) the problem of ill-posed initial value problems (4) the problem of rotational covariance (5) the problem of zero modes and (6) the problem of spontaneously broken symmetries.

   hep-phhep-thnucl-thJ.Phys.A(2024)·4 citations
2. 02*

   Scotogenic models with a general lepton flavor dependent $U(1)$ gauge symmetry

   Takaaki Nomura🇨🇳 · Hiroshi Okada🇰🇷

   We discuss radiative neutrino mass models with a general lepton flavor dependent $U(1)$ gauge symmetry. The scotogenic model is adopted for neutrino mass generation in which $Z_2$ odd singlet fermions and an inert scalar doublet are introduced. A lepton flavor dependent local $U(1)$ symmetry is applied to realize two-zero texture of a Majorana mass matrix of $Z_2$ odd singlet fermions where we explore minimal construction choosing $U(1)$ charges of the standard model fermions and singlet fermions. Then we investigate neutrino mass matrix and show some predictions for constructed models, and discuss some phenomenological implications.

   hep-phPLB(2024)·4 citations
3. 03*

   On the possibility of testing the two-peak structure of the LHCb hidden-charm strange pentaquark $P_{cs}(4459{)}^0$ in near-threshold antikaon-induced charmonium production on protons and nuclei

   E.Ya.Paryev🇷🇺

   Accounting for the LHCb observation that the reported hidden-charm strange pentaquark $P_{cs}(4459{)}^0$ can split into two substructures, $P_{cs}(4455{)}^0$ and $P_{cs}(4468{)}^0$, with a mass difference of 13 MeV as well as the newly observed hidden-charm pentaquark resonance $P_{cs}(4338{)}^0$ with strangeness, we study within the double-peak scenario for the $P_{cs}(4459{)}^0$ state the near-threshold $J/\psi$ meson production from protons and nuclei by considering incoherent direct non-resonant ($K^{-}p\to J/\psi \Lambda$) and two-step resonant ($K^{-}p\to P_{csi}^0\to J/\psi \Lambda$, $i=1$, 2, 3; $P_{cs1}^0=P_{cs}(4338{)}^0$, $P_{cs2}^0=P_{cs}(4455{)}^0$, $P_{cs3}^0=P_{cs}(4468{)}^0$) charmonium production processes with the main goal of clarifying the possibility to observe within this scenario both above two substructures contributing to the $P_{cs}(4459{)}^0$ state and the $P_{cs}(4338{)}^0$ resonance in this production. We calculate the absolute excitation functions, energy and momentum distributions for the non-resonant, resonant and for the combined (non-resonant plus resonant) production of $J/\psi$ mesons on protons as well as on carbon and tungsten target nuclei at near-threshold incident antikaon beam momenta by assuming the spin-parity assignments of the hidden-charm resonances $P_{cs}(4338{)}^0$, $P_{cs}(4455{)}^0$ and $P_{cs}(4468{)}^0$ as $J^P=(1/2{)}^{-}$, $J^P=(1/2{)}^{-}$ and $J^P=(3/2{)}^{-}$ within four different realistic choices for the branching ratios of their decays to the $J/\psi \Lambda$ mode (0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1\%) as well as for two options for the branching fraction of their decays to the $K^{-}p$ channel (0.01 and 0.001\%). We show that these combined observables reveal clear sensitivity to these scenarios. Hence, they may be an important tool to provide further evidence for the existence of the above strange hidden-charm pentaquark resonances.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exNPA(2023)·9 citations
4. 04*

   Observability of the Higgs boson decay to a photon and a dark photon

   Hugues Beauchesne🇹🇼 · Cheng-Wei Chiang🇹🇼

   Many collider searches have attempted to detect the Higgs boson decaying to a photon and an invisible massless dark photon. For the branching ratio to this channel to be realistically observable at the LHC, there must exist new mediators that interact with both the standard model and the dark photon. In this paper, we study experimental and theoretical constraints on an extensive set of mediator models. We show that these constraints limit the Higgs branching ratio to a photon and a dark photon to be far smaller than the current sensitivity of collider searches.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·6 citations
5. 05*

   Angle-dependent pair production in the polarized two-photon Breit-Wheeler process

   Qian Zhao🇨🇳 · Yan-Xi Wu🇨🇳 · Mamutjan Ababekri🇨🇳 · Zhong-Peng Li🇨🇳 · Liang Tang🇨🇳 · Jian-Xing Li🇨🇳

   The advent of laser-driven high-intensity $\gamma$-photon beams has opened up new opportunities for designing advanced photon-photon colliders. Such colliders have the potential to produce a large yield of linear Breit-Wheeler (LBW) pairs in a single shot, which offers a unique platform for studying the polarized LBW process. In our recent work [Phys. Rev. D 105, L071902(2022)], we investigated the polarization characteristics of LBW pair production in CP $\gamma$-photon collisions. To fully clarify the polarization effects involving both CP and LP $\gamma$-photons, here we further investigate the LBW process using the polarized cross section with explicit azimuthal-angle dependence due to the base rotation of photon polarization vectors. We accomplished this by defining a new spin basis for positrons and electrons, which enables us to decouple the transverse and longitudinal spin components of $e^{\pm }$. By means of analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulations, we find that the linear polarization of photon can induce the highly angle-dependent pair yield and polarization distributions. The comprehensive knowledge of the polarized LBW process will also open up avenues for investigating the higher-order photon-photon scattering, the laser-driven quantum electrodynamic plasmas and the high-energy astrophysics.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·12 citations
6. 06*

   Testing CP-violation in a Heavy Higgs Sector at CLIC

   Kingman Cheung🇹🇼 · Ying-nan Mao🇨🇳 · Stefano Moretti🇬🇧 · Rui Zhang🇨🇳

   We propose to probe CP-violation in the heavy (pseudo)scalar sector of an extended Higgs model, in which we make simultaneous use of the $HVV$ ($V=W^{\pm },Z$) and $Ht\bar{t}$ interactions of a heavy Higgs state $H$. The CP-even component of $H$ can be probed through the tree level $HVV$ interaction while the CP-odd component of $H$ can be probed if the final $t\bar{t}$ pair can be tested to form a ${}^1{S}_0$ state. We can then confirm CP-violation if both CP-even and CP-odd components of $H$ are discovered. This is possible at the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) by exploiting $H$ production from Vector-Boson Fusion (VBF) and decay to $t\bar{t}$ pairs. We analyze the distribution of the azimuthal angle between the leptons coming from top and antitop quarks, that would allow one to disentangle the CP nature of such a heavy Higgs state. We also show its implications for the 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) with CP-violation.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·6 citations
7. 07*

   Rotation and vibration in tetraquarks

   Amir Jalili🇵🇱 · Jorge Segovia🇪🇸 · Feng Pan🇨🇳 · Yan-An Luo🇨🇳

   A novel approach is introduced for obtaining precise solutions of the pairing Hamiltonian for tetraquarks, which utilizes an algebraic technique in infinite dimensions. The parameters involved in the transition phase are calibrated based on potential tetraquark candidates derived from phenomenology. Our investigation shows that the rotation and vibration transitional theory delivers a more accurate explanation for heavy tetraquarks compared to other methods utilizing the same formalism. To illustrate the concept, we compute the spectra of several tetraquarks, namely charm, bottom, bottom-charm and open charm and bottom systems, and contrast them with those of other particles.

   hep-phhep-exhep-latnucl-ex+1Few Body Syst.(2023)·3 citations
8. 08*

   Updated Constraints and Future Prospects on Majoron Dark Matter

   Kensuke Akita🇰🇷 · Michiru Niibo🇯🇵

   Majorons are (pseudo-)Nambu-Goldstone bosons associated with lepton number symmetry breaking due to the Majorana mass term of neutrinos introduced in the seesaw mechanism. They are good dark matter candidates since their lifetime is suppressed by the lepton number breaking scale. We update constraints and discuss future prospects on majoron dark matter in the singlet majoron models based on neutrino, gamma-ray, and cosmic-ray telescopes in the mass region of MeV--10 TeV.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exJHEP(2023)·37 citations
9. 09*

   Unparticle effects at the MUonE experiment

   Duc Ninh Le🇻🇳 · Van Dung Le🇻🇳 · Duc Truyen Le🇹🇼 · Van Cuong Le🇻🇳

   We investigate possible effects of unparticles at the MUonE experiment by considering a general model for unparticle with broken scale invariance, characterized by the scaling dimension $d$ and the energy scale $\mu$ at which the scale invariance is broken. Taking into account available relevant constraints on the couplings of the unparticles with the Standard Model (SM) leptons, we found that the MUonE experiment at the level of 10 ppm systematic accuracy is sensitive to such effects if $1<d\lesssim 1.4$ and $1\le \mu \lesssim 12$ GeV for vector unparticles. The effects of scalar unparticles are too feeble to be detected. The vector unparticles can induce a significant shift on the best-fit value of $a_{\mu }^{\text{had}}$ at the MUonE, thereby providing an opportunity to detect unparticles or to obtain a new bound on the unparticle-SM couplings in the case of no anomaly.

   hep-phhep-exEPJC(2023)·7 citations
10. 10*

    Variation of the quadrupole hyperfine structure and nuclear radius due to an interaction with scalar and axion dark matter

    V. V. Flambaum🇦🇺 · A. J. Mansour🇦🇺

    Atomic spectroscopy is used to search for the space-time variation of fundamental constants which may be due to an interaction with scalar and pseudo-scalar (axion) dark matter. In this letter, we study the effects which are produced by the variation of the nuclear radius and electric quadrupole moment. The sensitivity of the electric quadrupole hyperfine structure to both the variation of the quark mass and the effects of dark matter exceeds that of the magnetic hyperfine structure by 1-2 orders of magnitude. Therefore, the measurement of the variation of the ratio of the electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole hyperfine constants is proposed. The sensitivity of the optical clock transitions in the Yb${}^{+}$ ion to the variation of the nuclear radius allows us to extract, from experimental data, limits on the variation of the hadron and quark masses, the QCD parameter $\theta$ and the interaction with axion and scalar dark matter.

    hep-phastro-ph.COnucl-thphysics.atom-phPRL(2023)·10 citations
11. 11*

    Searching for Majorana Neutrinos at a Same-Sign Muon Collider

    Ruobing Jiang🇨🇳 · Tianyi Yang🇨🇳 · Sitian Qian🇨🇳 · Yong Ban🇨🇳 · Jingshu Li🇨🇳 · Zhengyun You🇨🇳 · Qiang Li🇨🇳

    Majorana properties of neutrinos have long been a focus in the pursuit of possible new physics beyond the standard model, which has motivated lots of dedicated theoretical and experimental studies. A future same-sign muon collider is an ideal platform to search for Majorana neutrinos through the Lepton Number Violation process. Specifically, this t-channel kind of process is less kinematically suppressed and has a good advantage in probing Majorana neutrinos at high mass regions up to 10 TeV. In this paper, we perform a detailed fast Monte Carlo simulation study through examining three different final states: 1) pure-leptonic state with electrons or muons, 2) semi-leptonic state, and 3) pure-hadronic state in the resolved or merged categories. Furthermore, we perform a full simulation study on the pure-leptonic final state to validate our fast simulation results.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2024)·24 citations
12. 12*

    Chiral perturbative relation for neutrino masses in the type-I seesaw mechanism

    Masaki J. S. Yang🇯🇵

    In this letter, we perform a perturbative analysis by the lightest singular value $m_{D1}$ of the Dirac mass matrix $m_D$ in the type-I seesaw mechanism. A mass relation $M_1=m_{D1}^2/|(m_{\nu }{)}_{11}|$ is obtained for the lightest mass $M_1$ of the right-handed neutrino ${\nu }_{R1}$ and the mass matrix of the left-handed neutrinos $m_{\nu }$ in the diagonal basis of $m_D$. This relation is rather stable under renormalization because it is gauge-invariant in the SM and associates with the approximate chiral symmetry of ${\nu }_{R1}$. If diagonalization of the Yukawa matrices of leptons $Y_{\nu ,e}$ has only small mixings, the element $(m_{\nu }{)}_{11}$ is close to the effective mass $m_{ee}$ of the neutrinoless double beta decay. By assuming $m_{D1}\simeq m_{u,e}\simeq 0.5$ MeV, the lightest mass is about $M_1\gtrsim O(100)$ TeV in the normal hierarchy and $M_1\sim O(10)$ TeV in the inverted hierarchy. Such a ${\nu }_{R1}$ with a tiny Yukawa coupling $y_{\nu 1}\sim O(10^{-5})$ can indirectly influence various observations. On the other hand, the famous bound of the thermal leptogenesis $M_1\gtrsim 10^9$ GeV that requires $m_{D1}\gtrsim 30$ MeV seems to be difficult to reconcile with a simple unified theory without a special condition.

    hep-phPLB(2023)·3 citations
13. 13*

    MSSM-inflation revisited: Towards a coherent description of high-energy physics and cosmology

    Gilles Weymann-Despres🇫🇷 · Sophie Henrot-Versillé🇫🇷 · Gilbert Moultaka🇫🇷 · Vincent Vennin🇫🇷 · Laurent Duflot🇫🇷 · Richard von Eckardstein🇩🇪

    The aim of this paper is to highlight the challenges and potential gains surrounding a coherent description of physics from the high-energy scales of inflation down to the lower energy scales probed in particle-physics experiments. As an example, we revisit the way inflation can be realised within an effective Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (eMSSM), in which the $LLe$ and $udd$ flat directions are lifted by the combined effect of soft-supersymmetric-breaking masses already present in the MSSM, together with the addition of effective non-renormalizable operators. We clarify some features of the model and address the question of the one-loop Renormalization Group improvement of the inflationary potential, discussing its impact on the fine-tuning of the model. We also compare the parameter space that is compatible with current observations (in particular the amplitude, $A_{\mathrm{S}}$, and the spectral index, $n_{\mathrm{S}}$, of the primordial cosmological fluctuations) at tree level and at one loop, and discuss the role of reheating. Finally we perform combined fits of particle and cosmological observables (mainly $A_{\mathrm{S}}$, $n_{\mathrm{S}}$, the Higgs mass, and the cold-dark-matter energy density) with the one-loop inflationary potential applied to some examples of dark-matter annihilation channels (Higgs-funnel, Higgsinos and A-funnel), and discuss the status of the ensuing MSSM spectra with respect to the LHC searches.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2023)·9 citations
14. 14*

    Resolving negative cross section of quarkonium hadroproduction using soft gluon factorization

    An-Ping Chen🇨🇳 · Yan-Qing Ma🇨🇳 · Ce Meng🇨🇳

    It was found that, using nonrelativistic QCD factorization, the predicted ${\chi }_{cJ}$ hadroproduction cross section at large $p_T$ can be negative. The negative cross sections originate from terms proportional to plus function in ${}^3{P}_J^{[1]}$ channels, which are remnants of the infrared subtraction in matching the ${}^3{P}_J^{[1]}$ short-distance coefficients. In this article, we find that the above terms can be factorized into the nonperturbative ${}^3{S}_1^{[8]}$ soft gluon distribution function in the soft gluon factorization (SGF) framework. Therefore, the problem can be naturally resolved in SGF. With an appropriate choice of nonperturbative parameters, the SGF can indeed give positive predictions for ${\chi }_{cJ}$ production rates within the whole $p_T$ region. The production of $\psi (2S)$ is also discussed, and there is no negative cross section problem.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·4 citations
15. 15*

    Leptogenesis and Dark Matter-Nucleon Scattering Cross Section in the SE6SSM

    Roman Nevzorov🇷🇺

    The E6 inspired extension of the minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) standard model (MSSM) with an extra U(1)_N gauge symmetry, under which right-handed neutrinos have zero charge, involves exotic matter beyond the MSSM to ensure anomaly cancellation. We consider the variant of this extension (SE6SSM) in which the cold dark matter is composed of the lightest neutral exotic fermion and gravitino. The observed baryon asymmetry can be induced in this case via the decays of the lightest right-handed neutrino/sneutrino into exotic states even for relatively low reheating temperatures T_R < 10^{6-7} GeV. We argue that there are some regions of the SE6SSM parameter space, which are safe from all current constraints, and discuss the implications of this model for collider phenomenology.

    hep-phgr-qchep-lathep-th+1Universe(2023)·6 citations
16. 16*

    On the IR/UV flavour connection in non-universal axion models

    Luca Di Luzio🇮🇹 · Alfredo Walter Mario Guerrera🇮🇹 · Xavier Ponce Díaz🇮🇹 · Stefano Rigolin🇮🇹

    Non-universal axion models, with the Peccei-Quinn (PQ) symmetry acting on Standard Model (SM) fermions in a generation-dependent way, are typically accompanied by two different sources of flavour violation, dubbed here as infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV). The former is due to the flavour violating axion couplings to SM fermions, while the latter arises from the heavy degrees of freedom that UV complete the axion effective field theory. We point out that these two sources of flavour violation are directly related and exemplify this connection in a general class of non-universal axion model, based on a renormalizable DFSZ-like setup with two Higgs doublets (PQ-2HDM). We next discuss the interplay of axion flavour phenomenology with the signatures stemming from the heavy radial modes of the PQ-2HDM, including meson oscillation observables and charged lepton flavour violating decays. We emphasize the strong complementarity between flavour observables, LHC direct searches and standard axion physics.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·41 citations
17. 17*

    There and back again: Solar cycle effects in future measurements of low-energy atmospheric neutrinos

    Kevin J. Kelly🇨🇭 · Pedro A.N. Machado🇺🇸 · Nityasa Mishra🇺🇸 · Louis E. Strigari🇺🇸 · Yi Zhuang🇺🇸

    We study the impact of time-dependent solar cycles in the atmospheric neutrino rate at DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande (HK), focusing in particular on the flux below 1 GeV. Including the effect of neutrino oscillations for the upward-going component that travels through the Earth, we find that across the solar cycle the amplitude of time variation is about $\pm 5\%$ at DUNE, and $\pm 1\%$ at HK. At DUNE, the ratio of up/down-going events ranges from 0.45 to 0.85, while at HK, it ranges from 0.75 to 1.5. Over the 11-year solar cycle, we find that the estimated statistical significance for observing time modulation of atmospheric neutrinos is $4.8\sigma$ for DUNE and $2.0\sigma$ for HK. Flux measurements at both DUNE and HK will be important for understanding systematics in the low-energy atmospheric flux as well as for understanding the effect of oscillations in low-energy atmospheric neutrinos.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEhep-exPRD(2023)·7 citations
18. 18*

    A Solar Investigation of Multicomponent Dark Matter

    Amit Dutta Banik🇮🇳

    If multiple thermal weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter candidates exist, then their capture and annihilation dynamics inside a massive stars such as Sun could change from conventional method of study. With a simple correction to time evolution of dark matter (DM) number abundance inside the Sun for multiple dark matter candidates, significant changes in DM annihilation flux depending on annihilation, direct detection cross-section, internal conversion and their contribution to relic abundance are reported in present work.

    hep-phastro-ph.SRNPB(2024)·4 citations
19. 19*

    Primordial Black Hole Archaeology with Gravitational Waves from Cosmic Strings

    Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Yann Gouttenoire🇮🇱 · Lucien Heurtier🇬🇧 · Peera Simakachorn🇪🇸

    Light primordial black holes (PBHs) with masses smaller than $10^9$ g ($10^{-24}{M}_{\odot }$) evaporate before the onset of Big-Bang nucleosynthesis, rendering their detection rather challenging. If efficiently produced, they may have dominated the universe energy density. We study how such an early matter-dominated era can be probed successfully using gravitational waves (GW) emitted by local and global cosmic strings. While previous studies showed that a matter era generates a single-step suppression of the GW spectrum, we instead find a "double-step" suppression for local-string GW whose spectral shape provides information on the duration of the matter era. The presence of the two steps in the GW spectrum originates from GW being produced through two events separated in time: loop formation and loop decay, taking place either before or after the matter era. The second step - called the "knee" - is a novel feature which is universal to any early matter-dominated era and is not only specific to PBHs. Detecting GWs from cosmic strings with LISA, ET, or BBO would set constraints on PBHs with masses between $10^6$ and $10^9$ g for local strings with tension $G\mu =10^{-11}$, and PBHs masses between $10^4$ and $10^9$ g for global strings with symmetry-breaking scale $\eta =10^{15}\mathrm{GeV}$. Effects from the spin of PBHs are discussed.

    hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2023)·59 citations
20. 20*

    Towards $ab$-$initio$ nuclear theory calculations of ${\delta }_{\mathrm{C}}$

    Chien-Yeah Seng🇺🇸 · Mikhail Gorchtein🇩🇪

    We propose a new theory framework to study the isospin-symmetry breaking correction ${\delta }_{\text{C}}$ in superallowed nuclear beta decays, crucial for the precise determination of $|V_{ud}|$. Based on a general assumptions of the isovector dominance in ISB interactions, we construct a set of functions $F_{T_z}$ which involve nuclear matrix elements of isovector monopole operators and the nuclear Green's function. Via the functions $F_{T_z}$, a connection of ${\delta }_{\text{C}}$ to measurable electroweak nuclear radii is established, providing an experimental gauge of the theory accuracy of ${\delta }_{\text{C}}$. We outline a strategy to perform ab-initio calculations of $F_{T_z}$ based on the Lanczos algorithm, and discuss its similarity with other nuclear-structure-dependent inputs in nuclear beta decays.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-lathep-ph+1PRC(2024)·20 citations
21. 21*

    Perils of Towers in the Swamp: Dark Dimensions and the Robustness of Effective Field Theories

    C.P. Burgess🇨🇦 · F. Quevedo🇬🇧

    Recently there has been an interesting revival of the idea to use large extra dimensions to address the dark energy problem, exploiting the (true) observation that towers of states with masses split, by $M_N^2=f(N)m^2,$ with $f$ an unbounded function of the integer $N$, sometimes contribute to the vacuum energy only an amount of order $m^D$ in $D$ dimensions. It has been argued that this fact is a consequence of swampland conjectures and may require a departure from Effective Field Theory (EFT) reasoning. We test this claim with calculations for Casimir energies in extra dimensions. We show why the domain of validity for EFTs ensures that the tower spacing scale $m$ is always an upper bound on the UV scale for the lower-energy effective theory; use of an EFT with a cutoff part way up a tower is not a controlled approximation. We highlight the role played by the sometimes-suppressed contributions from towers in extra-dimensional approaches to the cosmological constant problem, old and new, and point out difficulties encountered in exploiting it. We compare recent swampland realizations of these arguments with earlier approaches using standard EFT examples, discussing successes and limitations of both.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJHEP(2023)·23 citations
22. 22*

    Bottomonium transport in p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC

    Baoyi Chen🇨🇳 · Bo Tong🇨🇳

    We employ the Boltzmann transport model to study the sequential suppression pattern of ${\rm Y}(1S,2S,3S)$ states in both small (p-Pb) and the large (Pb-Pb) collision systems at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=5.02$ TeV. The cold nuclear matter effects happen before the formation of bottomonium, which is the same for different bottomonium states ${\rm Y}(1S,2S,3S)$. The sequential suppression pattern of bottomonium states is treated as a signal of the hot medium effects, where bottomonium states suffer different magnitudes of the color screening and parton inelastic scatterings due to their different geometry sizes and binding energies. Bottomonium excited states are more easily dissociated with smaller binding energy via the final-state interactions. Including both cold and hot medium effects, transport model consistently explains the experimental data about bottomonium in both small and large collision systems.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2023)·4 citations
23. 23*

    Study of the heavy quarks energy loss through medium polarization, elastic collision and radiative processes

    Jai Prakash🇮🇳 · Mohammad Yousuf Jamal🇮🇳

    Heavy quarks serve as crucial probes for exploring the properties of the hot and dense medium formed in heavy-ion collision experiments. Understanding the modification of their energy as they traverse the medium is a focal point of research, with various authors extensively studying this phenomenon. This study specifically concentrates on the equilibrium phase, the quark-gluon plasma, and offers a comparative analysis of heavy quark energy loss through medium polarization, elastic collisions, and radiation. Notably, while previous studies have compared polarization loss and radiation, our work extends this by incorporating elastic collisions for a more comprehensive examination. The significance of medium polarization, particularly at low momentum, is underscored, as it has been found to contribute substantially. The formalism for energy loss and drag coefficient in each case is presented, followed by the calculation of the nuclear modification factor ($R_{AA}$) for a holistic comparative study.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phhep-thEur.Phys.J.Plus(2024)·8 citations
24. 24*

    Galileon inflation evades the no-go for PBH formation in the single-field framework

    Sayantan Choudhury🇮🇳 · Sudhakar Panda🇮🇳 · M. Sami🇮🇳

    We consider Galileon inflation in the Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework and examine the possibility for PBH formation during slow roll (SR) to ultra slow roll (USR) transitions. We show that loop corrections to the power spectrum, in this case, do not impose additional constraints on the masses of PBHs produced. We indicate that the remarkable non-renormalization property of Galileans due to generalized shift symmetry dubbed as Galilean symmetry is responsible for protecting PBH formation from quantum loop corrections.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2023)·98 citations
25. 25*

    Systematic study of bremsstrahlung emission in reactions with light nuclei in cluster models

    S. P. Maydanyuk (1 and 2)🇭🇺 · V. S. Vasilevsky (3) ((1) Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary, (2) Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, (3) Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyiv, Ukraine)🇺🇦

    A new model of bremsstrahlung emission in the scattering of light nuclei is constructed with main focus on strict cluster formulation of nuclear processes. Analysis is performed in frameworks of the folding approximation of the formalism with participation of $s$-nuclei. Reactions $p$ +${}^4$He, ${}^2$D + ${}^4$He, ${}^3$H + ${}^4$He, ${}^3$He + ${}^4$He are included to analysis. Systematic analysis of properties of emission of bremsstrahlung photons in the wide region of kinetic energy of relative motion of two nuclei from 7 to 1000~MeV is performed. Influence of the oscillator length on the calculated spectra of bremsstrahlung emission is analyzed. On the example of ${}^3$H + ${}^4$He, dependence of the bremsstrahlung spectra on parameters of nuclear component of interacting potential is established (at first time for the light nuclei). Experimental bremsstrahlung data for the proton-deuteron scattering and proton-$\alpha$-particle scattering are analyzed on the basis of this model.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phnucl-exPRC(2023)·8 citations
26. 26*

    Entanglement Structures in Quantum Field Theories II: Distortions of Vacuum Correlations Through the Lens of Local Observers

    Natalie Klco🇺🇸 · D. H. Beck🇺🇸

    When observing a quantum field via detectors with access to only the mixed states of spatially separated, local regions -- a ubiquitous experimental design -- the capacity to access the full extent of distributed entanglement can be limited, shrouded by classical correlations. By performing projective measurements of the field external to two detection patches and classically communicating the results, underlying pure states may be identified for which entanglement quantification is clear. In the Gaussian continuous-variable states of the free scalar field vacuum, this protocol uncovers a disparity between the spacelike entanglement established within the field and that which is locally detectable. This discrepancy is found to grow exponentially with the separation between observation regions. The protocol developed herein offers insight and practical guidance for clarifying the unavoidable distortion of quantum field correlations when viewed from the vantage of a pair of local observers.

    ↳ quant-phhep-lathep-phnucl-thPRA(2023)·13 citations
27. 27*

    Spin alignment of vector mesons by glasma fields

    Avdhesh Kumar🇹🇼 · Berndt Müller🇺🇸 · Di-Lun Yang🇹🇼

    We explain how spin alignment of vector mesons can be induced by background fields, such as electromagnetic fields or soft gluon fields. Our study is based on the quantum kinetic theory of spinning quarks and antiquarks and incorporates the relaxation of the dynamically generated spin polarization. The spin density matrix of vector mesons is obtained by quark coalescence via the Wigner function and kinetic equation. Our approach predicts a local spin correlation that is distinct from the non-local expressions previously obtained in phenomenological derivations. We estimate the magnitude of such local correlations in the glasma model of the preequilibrium phase of relativistic heavy ion collisions. It is found that the resulting spin alignment could be greatly enhanced and may be comparable to the experimental measurement in order of magnitude. We further propose new phenomenological scenarios to qualitatively explain the transverse-momentum and centrality dependence of spin alignment in a self-consistent framework.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-phPRD(2023)·67 citations
28. 28*

    No long hair behaviors of ultra-compact objects

    Guohua Liu🇨🇳 · Yan Peng🇨🇳

    We investigate distributions of matter fields outside spherically symmetric ultra-compact objects in the asymptotically flat background. Based on the dominant energy condition and the non-negative trace condition, we analytically find a no long hair behavior, which states that the effective radius of matter field hairs cannot extend beyond the outermost null circular orbit.

    ↳ gr-qchep-ph0 citations
29. 29*

    Josephson Parametric Amplifier in Axion Experiments

    Jinmyeong Kim🇰🇷 · Boris I. Ivanov🇰🇷 · Çağlar Kutlu🇰🇷 · Seongtae Park🇰🇷 · Arjan F. Van Loo🇯🇵 · Yasunobu Nakamura🇯🇵 · Sergey V. Uchaikin🇰🇷 · Seonjeong Oh🇰🇷 · Violeta Gkika🇰🇷 · Andrei Matlashov🇰🇷 · Woohyun Chung🇰🇷 · Yannis K. Semertzidis🇰🇷

    The axion is a hypothetical particle, a promising candidate for dark matter, and a solution to the strong CP problem. Axion haloscope search experiments deal with a signal power comparable to noise uncertainty at millikelvin temperature. We use a flux-driven Josephson parametric amplifier (JPA) with the aim of approaching a noise level near the theoretically allowed limit of half quanta. In our measurements to characterize the JPA we have found the added noise to the system with a JPA as the first-stage amplifier to be lower than 110 mK at the frequencies from 0.938 GHz to 0.963 GHz.

    ↳ cond-mat.supr-conhep-phJPS Conf.Proc.(2023)·1 citation
30. 30*

    Self-interactions of ULDM to the rescue?

    Bihag Dave🇮🇳 · Gaurav Goswami🇮🇳

    One of the most important questions in cosmology is concerning the fundamental nature of dark matter (DM). DM could consist of spinless particles of very small mass i.e. $m\sim 10^{-22}\text{eV}$. This kind of ultralight dark matter (ULDM) would form cored density profiles (called "solitons") at the centre of galaxies. In this context, recently it has been argued that (a) there exists a power law relation between the mass of the soliton and mass of the surrounding halo called the Soliton-Halo (SH) relation, and, (b) the requirement of satisfying observed galactic rotation curves as well as SH relations is so stringent that ULDM is disfavoured from comprising $100\%$ of the total cosmological dark matter. In this work, we revisit these constraints for ULDM particles with non-negligible quartic self-interactions. Using a recently obtained soliton-halo relation which takes into account the effect of self-interactions, we present evidence which suggests that, for $m=10^{-22}\text{eV}$, the requirement of satisfying both galactic rotation curves as well as SH relations can be fulfilled with repulsive self-coupling $\lambda \sim \mathcal{O}(10^{-90})$.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2023)·30 citations
31. 31*

    Antistars as possible sources of antihelium cosmic rays

    Andrey Bykov (Ioffe PTI)🇷🇺 · Konstantin Postnov (SAI Moscow U.)🇷🇺 · Alexander Bondar (Budker INP)🇷🇺 · Serguey Blinnikov (Kurchatov Institute)🇷🇺 · Aleksander Dolgov (Novosibirsk U.)🇷🇺

    A minor population of antistars in galaxies has been predicted by some of non-standard models of baryogenesis and nucleosynthesis in the early Universe, and their presence is not yet excluded by the currently available observations. Detection of an unusually high abundance of antinuclei in cosmic rays can probe the baryogenesis scenarios in the early Universe. Recent report of the \textit{AMS-02} collaboration on the tentative detection of a few antihelium nuclei in GeV cosmic rays provided a great hope on the progress in this issue. We discuss possible sources of antinuclei in cosmic rays from antistars which are predicted in a modified Affleck-Dine baryogenesis scenario by Dolgov and Silk (1993). The model allows us to estimate the expected fluxes and isotopic content of antinuclei in the GeV cosmic rays produced in scenarios involving antistars. We show that the flux of antihelium CRs reported by the \textit{AMS-02} experiment can be explained by Galactic anti-nova outbursts, thermonuclear anti-SN Ia explosions, a collection of flaring antistars or an extragalactic source with abundances not violating existing gamma-ray and microlensing constraints on the antistar population.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phJCAP(2023)·14 citations
32. 32*

    Multijet topology in high-energy nuclear collisions: jet broadening

    Jin-Wen Kang🇨🇳 · Lei Wang🇨🇳 · Wei Dai🇨🇳 · Sa Wang🇨🇳 · Ben-Wei Zhang🇨🇳

    This work presents the first theoretical investigation of the medium modification of jet broadening as an event-shape observable in multijet final states due to jet quenching in high-energy nuclear collisions. The partonic spectrum of $pp$ collisions with next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV is provided by the POWHEG$+$PYTHIA8 event generator, while the linear Boltzmann transport (LBT) model is utilized to investigate the energy loss of fast partons as they traverse through the hot and dense QCD medium. We present the jet broadening distributions in multijet final states for both $pp$ and PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV, then observe an enhancement at the small jet broadening region and suppression at the large jet broadening region in PbPb collisions relative to that in $pp$. This suggests that medium modification with parton energy loss in the QGP leads to a more concentrated energy flow in all observed multijet events in PbPb reactions. We also demonstrate that the intertwining of two effects, the jet number reduction and the restructured contribution, results in the novel behavior of nuclear modification of the jet broadening observable in PbPb collisions.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-exhep-phPRC(2025)·6 citations
33. 33*

    Stochastic Wave Dark Matter with Fermi-LAT $\gamma$-ray Pulsar Timing Array

    Hoang Nhan Luu🇨🇳 · Tao Liu🇨🇳 · Jing Ren🇨🇳 · Tom Broadhurst🇪🇸 · Ruizhi Yang🇨🇳 · Jie-Shuang Wang🇩🇪 · Zhen Xie🇨🇳

    Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can detect disturbances in the fabric of spacetime on a galactic scale by monitoring the arrival time of pulses from millisecond pulsars (MSPs). Recent advancements have enabled the use of $\gamma$-ray radiation emitted by MSPs, in addition to radio waves, for PTA experiments. Wave dark matter (DM), a prominent class of DM candidates, can be detected with PTAs due to its periodic perturbations of the spacetime metric. In response to this development, we perform in this Letter a first analysis of applying the $\gamma$-ray PTA to detect the ultralight axion-like wave DM, with the data of Fermi Large Area Telescope (Fermi-LAT). Despite its much smaller collecting area, the Fermi-LAT $\gamma$-ray PTA demonstrates a promising sensitivity potential. We show that the upper limits not far from those of the dedicated radio-PTA projects can be achieved. Moreover, we initiate a cross-correlation analysis using the data of two Fermi-LAT pulsars. The cross-correlation of phases, while carrying key information on the source of the spacetime perturbations, has been ignored in the existing data analyses for the wave DM detection with PTAs. Our analysis indicates that taking this information into account can improve the sensitivity to wave DM by $\gtrsim 50\%$ at masses below $10^{-23}$ eV.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phApJL(2024)·20 citations
34. 34*

    The gamma/hadron discriminator $LCm$ in realistic air shower array experiments

    R. Conceição🇵🇹 · P. J. Costa🇵🇹 · L. Gibilisco🇵🇹 · M. Pimenta🇵🇹 · B. Tomé🇵🇹

    In this article, it is shown that the $C_k$ and $LCm$ variables, recently introduced as an effective way to discriminate gamma and proton-induced showers in large wide-field gamma-ray observatories, can be generalised to be used in arrays of different detectors and variable fill factors. In particular, the $C_k$ profile discrimination capabilities are evaluated for scintillator and water Cherenkov detector arrays.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEastro-ph.IMhep-exhep-phEPJC(2023)·7 citations
35. 35*

    Majorana transformation of the Thomas-Fermi equation demystified

    Abdaljalel Alizzi🇷🇺 · Zurab K. Silagadze🇷🇺

    The Majorana transformation makes it possible to reduce the Thomas-Fermi equation to a first-order differential equation. This reduction is possible due to the special scaling property of the Thomas-Fermi equation under homology transformations. Such reductions are well known in the context of stellar astrophysics, where the use of homology-invariant variables has long proved useful. We use homology-invariant variables in the context of the Thomas-Fermi equation to demystify the origin of the otherwise mysterious Majorana transformation.

    ↳ math.APhep-phphysics.hist-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2024)·0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.