Wed·Mar 29, 2023Wednesday·March 29, 2023

1. 01*

   Decoherence effects in reactor and Gallium neutrino oscillation experiments -- a QFT approach

   Raphael Krueger🇩🇪 · Thomas Schwetz🇩🇪

   We adopt the quantum field theoretical method to calculate the amplitude and event rate for a neutrino oscillation experiment, considering neutrino production, propagation and detection as a single process. This method allows to take into account decoherence effects in the transition amplitude induced by the quantum mechanical uncertainties of all particles involved in the process. We extend the method to include coherence loss due to interactions with the environment, similar to collisional line broadening. In addition to generic decoherence induced at the amplitude level, the formalism allows to include, in a straightforward way, additional damping effects related to phase-space integrals over momenta of unobserved particles as well as other classical averaging effects. We apply this method to neutrino oscillation searches at reactor and Gallium experiments and confirm that quantum decoherence is many orders of magnitudes smaller than classical averaging effects and therefore unobservable. The method used here can be applied with minimal modifications also to other types of oscillation experiments, e.g., accelerator based beam experiments.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·21 citations
2. 02*

   PEANUTS: a software for the automatic computation of solar neutrino flux and its propagation within Earth

   Tomás E. Gonzalo🇩🇪 · Michele Lucente🇩🇪

   We present PEANUTS (Propagation and Evolution of Active NeUTrinoS), an open-source Python package for the automatic computation of solar neutrino spectra and active neutrino propagation through Earth. PEANUTS is designed to be fast, by employing analytic formulae for the neutrino propagation through varying matter density, and flexible, by allowing the user to input arbitrary solar models, custom Earth density profiles and general detector locations. It provides functionalities for a fully automated simulation of solar neutrino fluxes at a detector, as well as access to individual routines to perform more specialised computations. The software has been extensively tested against the results of the SNO experiment, providing excellent agreement with their results. In addition, the present text contains a pedagogical derivation of the relations needed to compute the oscillated solar neutrino spectra, neutrino propagation through Earth and nadir exposure of an experiment.

   hep-phEPJC(2024)·8 citations
3. 03*

   Relic Neutrino Helicity Evolution in Galactic Magnetic Field and Its Implications

   Kuo K. Liao🇺🇸 · Glennys R. Farrar🇺🇸

   We simulate the evolution of the helicity of relic neutrinos as they propagate to Earth through a realistic model of the Galactic magnetic field, improving upon the rough estimates in the literature. For magnetic moments consistent with experimental bounds and several orders of magnitude smaller, we confirm that the helicity of relic neutrinos and anti-neutrinos rotates so much that the spin projection changes by $\mathcal{O}$(1). However, as we show, the total event rate in an inverse tritium beta decay (ITBD) experiment changes by less than a few percent, unless the lightest neutrino has mass of order 0.001 eV or less. Such a tiny reduction in the absolute rate relative to the standard model value would be very difficult to establish, even if detecting relic neutrinos were routine. However as we show, the \emph{directional anisotropy} of the rate in a \emph{polarized} ITBD detector is $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}$(10\%) as long as the lightest neutrino mass is $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}$(0.01 eV). Thus with percent-level error bars on the absolute neutrino flux and its directional anisotropy, both the mass and magnetic moment of the relic neutrinos can in principle be probed if they are within a few orders of magnitude of current bounds.

   hep-ph3 citations
4. 04*

   Neutrinos in Global SU(5) F-theory Model

   Stuart Raby🇺🇸 · Junichiro Kawamura🇰🇷

   In this talk, given at Corfu 2022 Workshop on the Standard Model and Beyond, I present work in collaboration with Junichiro Kawamura,Ref.~[arXiv:2212.00840]. The talk is also based on a number of papers on a Global $SU(5)$ F-theory GUT in collaboration with Herb Clemens. In the model $SU(5)$ is broken to the MSSM via a Wilson line. This is accomplished (without problems with vector-like exotics) by simultaneously describing the F-theory model and its Heterotic dual. The model has a twin MSSM sector and it's the neutrino sector of the field I consider in the talk.

   hep-phhep-thPoS(2023)·0 citations
5. 05*

   Feynman Integrals from Positivity Constraints

   Mao Zeng🇬🇧

   We explore inequality constraints as a new tool for numerically evaluating Feynman integrals. A convergent Feynman integral is non-negative if the integrand is non-negative in either loop momentum space or Feynman parameter space. Applying various identities, all such integrals can be reduced to linear sums of a small set of master integrals, leading to infinitely many linear constraints on the values of the master integrals. The constraints can be solved as a semidefinite programming problem in mathematical optimization, producing rigorous two-sided bounds for the integrals which are observed to converge rapidly as more constraints are included, enabling high-precision determination of the integrals. Positivity constraints can also be formulated for the $ϵ$ expansion terms in dimensional regularization and reveal hidden consistency relations between terms at different orders in $ϵ$. We introduce the main methods using one-loop bubble integrals, then present a nontrivial example of three-loop banana integrals with unequal masses, where 11 top-level master integrals are evaluated to high precision.

   hep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·15 citations
6. 06*

   Diffractive scattering at next-to-leading order in the dipole picture

   Heikki Mäntysaari🇫🇮

   We discuss recent developments towards next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy in the dipole picture. We review recent NLO results for exclusive vector meson production and diffractive structure functions, and discuss how it is becoming possible to describe both inclusive and exclusive DIS data simultaneously within the Color Glass Condensate framework at NLO accuracy. These developments will make it possible to probe the gluon saturation phenomena in detail especially when nuclear-DIS data from the EIC become available.

   hep-phnucl-thActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2023)·0 citations
7. 07*

   Testing type II seesaw leptogenesis at the LHC

   Chengcheng Han🇨🇳 · Zhanhong Lei🇨🇳 · Weihao Liao🇨🇳

   Type II seesaw leptogenesis simultaneously explains the origin of neutrino masses, the baryon asymmetry of our universe, and the inflation. The Large Hadron Collider(LHC) provides an opportunity to directly test type II seesaw leptogenesis by looking for the predicted triplet Higgs. In this paper, we perform an analysis of the detection prospect for the triplet Higgs at the LHC through the multi-electron channels. We find that due to the contribution of $pp\to H^{\pm \pm }{H}^{\mp }$ process, the sensitivity of multi-electron channels searching for the doubly-charged Higgs pair production can be improved. We also investigate the $3e+E_{\mathrm{T}}^{\mathrm{miss}}$ signals to probe the $pp\to H^{\pm \pm }{H}^{\mp }$ production and find that the future high luminosity LHC could probe a triplet Higgs around 1.2 TeV at $2\sigma$ level.

   hep-phCPC(2023)·6 citations
8. 08*

   HEJ 2.2: W boson pairs and Higgs boson plus jet production at high energies

   Jeppe R. Andersen🇬🇧 · Bertrand Ducloué🇬🇧 · Conor Elrick🇬🇧 · Hitham Hassan🇬🇧 · Andreas Maier🇩🇪 · Graeme Nail🇬🇧 · Jérémy Paltrinieri🇬🇧 · Andreas Papaefstathiou🇺🇸 · Jennifer M. Smillie🇬🇧

   We present version 2.2 of the High Energy Jets (HEJ) Monte Carlo event generator for hadronic scattering processes at high energies. The new version adds support for two further processes of central phenomenological interest, namely the production of a W boson pair with equal charge together with two or more jets and the production of a Higgs boson with at least one jet. Furthermore, a new prediction for charged lepton pair production with high jet multiplicities is provided in the high-energy limit. The accuracy of HEJ 2.2 can be increased further through an enhanced interface to standard predictions based on conventional perturbation theory. We describe all improvements and provide extensive usage examples. HEJ 2.2 can be obtained from https://hej.hepforge.org.

   hep-phSciPost Phys. Codebases 21 (2023)·19 citations
9. 09*

   Momentum spirals in multiphoton pair production revisited

   Li-Na Hu🇨🇳 · Orkash Amat🇨🇳 · Li Wang🇨🇳 · Adiljan Sawut🇨🇳 · Hong-Hao Fan🇨🇳 · B. S. Xie🇨🇳

   Spirals in multiphoton pair production are revisited by two counter-rotating fields with time delay for different cycles in pulse. Novel findings include that for subcycle fields, the remarkable spiral structure in the momentum spectrum can be still caused by a large time delay compared to the previous study for supercycle case where it is easier to be generated by a small time delay. And also there exist a range of critical polarization values for the spirals appearance corresponding to the different cycle number. The relative phase difference between two fields causes not only severe symmetry breaking of the momentum spectra pattern and spiral, but also a significant change for the shape and the number of spiral arm. Upon the number density, it is found a more sensitive to the cycle number, in particularly, it is enhanced by more than one order of magnitude for small cycle pulse, while it is increased about few times when the time delay is small. These results provide an abundant theoretical testbed for the possible experimental observation on the multiphoton pair production in future. Meanwhile, it is applicable to regard the particles momentum signatures as a new probing to the laser field information with it from the vacuum.

   hep-phquant-phPRD(2023)·25 citations
10. 10*

    Probing Heavy Neutrinos at the LHC from Fat-jet using Machine Learning

    Wei Liu🇨🇳 · Jing Li🇨🇳 · Zixiang Chen🇨🇳 · Hao Sun🇨🇳

    We explore the potential to use machine learning methods to search for heavy neutrinos, from their hadronic final states including a fat-jet signal, via the processes $pp\to W^{\pm \ast }\to {\mu }^{\pm }N\to {\mu }^{\pm }{\mu }^{\mp }{W}^{\pm }\to {\mu }^{\pm }{\mu }^{\mp }J$ at hadron colliders. We use either the Gradient Boosted Decision Tree or Multi-Layer Perceptron methods to analyse the observables incorporating the jet substructure information, which is performed at hadron colliders with $\sqrt{s}=$ 13, 27, 100 TeV. It is found that, among the observables, the invariant masses of variable system and the observables from the leptons are the most powerful ones to distinguish the signal from the background. With the help of machine learning techniques, the limits on the active-sterile mixing have been improved by about one magnitude comparing to the cut-based analyses, with $V_{\mu N}^2\lesssim 10^{-4}$ for the heavy neutrinos with masses, 100 GeV$<m_N<$1 TeV.

    hep-ph6 citations
11. 11*

    Light-shining-through-wall cavity setups for probing ALPs

    Dmitry Salnikov🇷🇺 · Petr Satunin🇷🇺 · D. V. Kirpichnikov🇷🇺 · Maxim Fitkevich🇷🇺

    We discuss the aspects of axion-like-particles (ALPs) searches with Light-Shining-through-Wall (LSW) experimental setups consisted of two radio-frequency cavities. We compare the efficiencies of three setups which involve the cavity pump modes and external magnetic fields. Additionally, we discuss the sensitivity dependence both on the relative position of two cylindrical cavities and on their radius-to-length ratio.

    hep-phJETP Lett.(2023)·2 citations
12. 12*

    Ultra-peripheral collisions of charged hadrons in extensive air showers

    Manuel Masip🇪🇸 · Ivan Rosario🇪🇸 · Sergio J. Sciutto🇦🇷

    We discuss the electromagnetic collisions of high energy protons, pions and kaons with atmospheric nuclei. In particular, we use the equivalent photon approximation to estimate (i) the diffractive collisions where the projectile scatters inelastically off a nucleus, and (ii) the usual radiative processes (bremsstrahlung, pair production and photonuclear interactions) of these charged hadrons in the air. We then include the processes in the simulator AIRES and study how they affect the longitudinal development of extensive air showers. For $10^{9-11}$ GeV proton primaries we find that they introduce a very small reduction (below 1%) in the average value of both $X_{\max }$ and $\Delta X_{\max }$. At a given shower age (relative slant depth from $X_{\max }$), these electromagnetic processes slightly increase the number of charged particles at the shower maximum and reduce the number of muons when it is old, decreasing by 1% the muon-to-($\gamma +e$) near the ground level. the muon-to-($\gamma +e$) near the ground level.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEJCAP(2023)·0 citations
13. 13*

    Search for damped oscillating structures from charged pion electromagnetic form factor data

    Erik Bartoš🇸🇰 · Stanislav Dubnička🇸🇰 · Anna Zuzana Dubničková🇸🇰

    The damped oscillating structures recently revealed by a three parametric formula from the proton ``effective'' form factor data extracted of the measured total cross section ${\sigma }_{tot}^{bare}(e^{+}{e}^{-}\to p\bar{p})$ still seem to have an unknown origin. The conjectures of their direct manifestation of the quark-gluon structure of the proton indicate that they are not specific only of the proton and neutron, but they have to be one's own, similar to other hadrons. Therefore, the oscillatory structures from the charged pion electromagnetic form factor timelike data, extracted of the process $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}$ are investigated by using the same procedure as in the case of the proton. The analysis shows the appearance of the oscillating structures in the description of the charged pion electromagnetic form factor timelike data by three parametric formula with a rather large value of ${\chi }^2/ndf$, while the description of the data by the physically well-founded Unitary and Analytic model has not revealed any damped oscillating structures. From the obtained result on the most simple object of strong interactions, one can conclude that damped oscillating structures received from the ``effective'' proton form factor data are probably generated by a utilization of the improper three parametric formula which does not describe these data with sufficient precision.

    hep-phDynamics 3(1) (2023) 137-151·3 citations
14. 14*

    Shapes of magnetic monopoles in effective $SU(2)$ models

    Petr Beneš🇨🇿 · Filip Blaschke🇨🇿

    We present a systematic exploration of a general family of effective $SU(2)$ models with an adjoint scalar. First, we discuss a redundancy in this class of models and use it to identify seemingly different, yet physically equivalent models. Next, we construct the Bogomol'nyi-Prasad-Sommerfield (BPS) limit and derive analytic monopole solutions. In contrast to the 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole, included here as a special case, these solutions tend to exhibit more complex energy density profiles. Typically, we obtain monopoles with a hollow cavity at their core where virtually no energy is concentrated; accordingly, most of the monopole's energy is stored in a spherical shell around its core. Moreover, the shell itself can be structured, with several "sub-shells". A recipe for the construction of these analytic solutions is presented.

    ↳ hep-thcond-mat.otherhep-phnlin.PSPRD(2023)·5 citations
15. 15*

    Universality of Cherenkov Light in EAS

    Isaac Buckland🇺🇸 · Douglas Bergman🇺🇸

    The reconstruction of cosmic-ray-induced extensive air showers with a non-imaging Cherenkov detector array requires knowledge of the Cherenkov yield of any given air shower for a given set of shower parameters. Although air showers develop in a stochastic cascade, certain characteristics of the particles in the shower have been shown to come from universal probability distributions, a property known as shower universality. Both the energy and the angular distributions of charged particles within a shower have been parameterized. One can use these distributions to calculate the Cherenkov photon yield as an angular distribution from the Cherenkov cones of charged particles at various stages of shower development. This Cherenkov photon yield can then be tabulated for use in the reconstruction of air showers. In this work, we develop the calculation of both the Cherenkov angular distribution and Cherenkov yield per shower particle, and show how a look-up table was constructed to capture the relevant features of these distributions for general use. We compare the results of our calculations with the results of full, particle-stack, Monte Carlo simulation of the Cherenkov light produced in extensive air showers using CORSIKA-IACT. We make comparisons of both the lateral distribution of the Cherenkov photon flux amongst several detectors and of the arrival-time distribution of the Cherenkov photons in a single detector.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phAstropart.Phys.(2023)·7 citations
16. 16*

    STCF Conceptual Design Report: Volume 1 -- Physics & Detector

    M. Achasov · X. C. Ai · R. Aliberti · L. P. An · Q. An · X. Z. Bai · Y. Bai · O. Bakina · A. Barnyakov · V. Blinov · V. Bobrovnikov · D. Bodrov and 426 other authors

    The Super $\tau$-Charm facility (STCF) is an electron-positron collider proposed by the Chinese particle physics community. It is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak luminosity of $0.5\times 10^{35}{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ or higher. The STCF will produce a data sample about a factor of 100 larger than that by the present $\tau$-Charm factory -- the BEPCII, providing a unique platform for exploring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter (charge-parity violation), in-depth studies of the internal structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions, as well as searching for exotic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard Model. The STCF project in China is under development with an extensive R\&D program. This document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF, describes conceptual designs of the STCF detector system, and discusses future plans for detector R\&D and physics case studies.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.ins-detFront.Phys.(Beijing)(2024)·314 citations
17. 17*

    The DL Advocate: Playing the devil's advocate with hidden systematic uncertainties

    Andrei Golutvin🇬🇧 · Aleksandr Iniukhin🇷🇺 · Andrea Mauri🇬🇧 · Patrick Owen🇨🇭 · Nicola Serra🇨🇭 · Andrey Ustyuzhanin🇬🇧

    We propose a new method based on machine learning to \emph{play the devil's advocate} and investigate the impact of unknown systematic effects in a quantitative way. This method proceeds by reversing the measurement process and using the physics results to interpret systematic effects under the Standard Model hypothesis. We explore this idea with two alternative approaches: the first one relies on a combination of gradient descent and optimisation techniques, its application and potentiality is illustrated with an example that studies the branching fraction measurement of a heavy-flavour decay. The second method employs reinforcement learning and it is applied to the determination of the $P_5^{{}^{\prime }}$ angular observable in $B^0\to K^{\ast 0}{\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ decays. We find that for the former, the size of a hypothetical hidden systematic uncertainty strongly depends on the kinematic overlap between the signal and normalisation channel, while the latter is very robust against possible mismodellings of the efficiency.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phEPJC(2023)·6 citations
18. 18*

    Squeezed bispectrum and one-loop corrections in transient constant-roll inflation

    Hayato Motohashi🇯🇵 · Yuichiro Tada🇯🇵

    In canonical single-field inflation, the production of primordial black holes (PBH) requires a transient violation of the slow-roll condition. The transient ultra slow-roll inflation is an example of such scenarios, and more generally, one can consider the transient constant-roll inflation. We investigate the squeezed bispectrum in the transient constant-roll inflation and find that Maldacena's consistency relation holds for a sufficiently long-wavelength mode, whereas it is violated for modes around the peak scale for the non-attractor case. We also demonstrate how the one-loop corrections are modified compared to the case of the transient ultra slow-roll inflation, focusing on representative one-loop terms originating from a time derivative of the second slow-roll parameter in the cubic action. We find that the perturbativity requirement on those terms does not rule out the production of PBH from the transient constant-roll inflation. Therefore, it is a simple counterexample of the recently claimed no-go theorem of PBH production from single-field inflation.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2023)·91 citations
19. 19*

    Scalar Love numbers and Love symmetries of 5-dimensional Myers-Perry black holes

    Panagiotis Charalambous🇺🇸 · Mikhail M. Ivanov🇺🇸

    The near-zone ``Love'' symmetry resolves the naturalness issue of black hole Love number vanishing with $\text{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)$ representation theory. Here, we generalize this proposal to $5$-dimensional asymptotically flat and doubly spinning (Myers-Perry) black holes. We consider the scalar response of Myers-Perry black holes and extract its static scalar Love numbers. In agreement with the naturalness arguments, these Love numbers are, in general, non-zero and exhibit logarithmic running unless certain resonant conditions are met; these conditions include new cases with no previously known analogs. We show that there exist two near-zone truncations of the equations of motion that exhibit enhanced $\text{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)$ Love symmetries that explain the vanishing of the static scalar Love numbers in the resonant cases. These Love symmetries can be interpreted as local $\text{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)\times \text{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)$ near-zone symmetries spontaneously broken down to global $\text{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)\times U\left(1\right)$ symmetries by the periodic identification of the azimuthal angles. We also discover an infinite-dimensional extension of the Love symmetry into $\text{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)⋉\hat{U}{\left(1\right)}_{\mathcal{V}}^2$ that contains both Love symmetries as particular subalgebras, along with a family of $\text{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)$ subalgebras that reduce to the exact near-horizon Myers-Perry black hole isometries in the extremal limit. Finally, we show that the Love symmetries acquire a geometric interpretation as isometries of subtracted (effective) black hole geometries that preserve the internal structure of the black hole and interpret these non-extremal $\text{SL}\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)$ structures as remnants of the enhanced isometry of the near-horizon extremal geometries.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phJHEP(2023)·54 citations
20. 20*

    Oscillon spectroscopy

    Fabio van Dissel🇪🇸 · Oriol Pujolas🇪🇸 · Evangelos Sfakianakis🇪🇸

    The sine-Gordon model in 3+1 dimensions is known to admit two oscillons of different energy and frequency but comparable lifetime. We show that the oscillon spectrum includes more spherically symmetric ``states''. We identify new high-amplitude oscillons by allowing the field profile to have a number of nodes. For each number of nodes, we find 2 states with a comparable lifetime to the nodeless ones. Oscillons with nodes are, however, unstable to non-spherical perturbations and so their lifetime is significantly reduced. Interestingly, these states are seen to fragment into a collection of nodeless oscillons. The heavy nodeless oscillon is quite remarkable: despite its energy it is stable against fragmentation. Moreover, it has considerably small oscillation frequency, meaning that it can be interpreted as a rather relativistic bound state.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·24 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.