Mon·Mar 13, 2023Monday·March 13, 2023

1. 01*

   Simulating jets and heavy quarks in the Glasma using the colored particle-in-cell method

   Dana Avramescu🇫🇮 · Virgil Băran🇷🇴 · Vincenzo Greco🇮🇹 · Andreas Ipp🇦🇹 · David. I. Müller🇦🇹 · Marco Ruggieri🇮🇹

   We explore the impact of strong classical color fields, which occur in the earliest stages of heavy-ion collisions and are known as the Glasma, on the classical transport of hard probes, namely heavy quarks and jets. To achieve this, we simulate SU(3) color fields using classical real-time lattice gauge theory and couple them to an ensemble of test particles whose dynamics are described by Wong's equations. We provide an overview of how classical color algebras are constructed and introduce a method to generate random classical SU(3) color charges. We extensively test our numerical particle solver in the limits of infinitely massive heavy quarks and ultra-relativistic light-like jets and obtain excellent quantitative agreement with previous studies. Going towards realistic masses and initial moment, we extract longitudinal and transverse momentum broadening for heavy quarks and jets. The resulting accumulated momenta and the anisotropy of these dynamical hard probes exhibit deviations from limiting scenarios, showing that the full dynamics have a significant effect.

   hep-phhep-latnucl-thPRD(2023)·84 citations
2. 02*

   Supersymmetric Baryogenesis in a Hybrid Inflation Model

   Yoshihiro Gunji🇯🇵 · Koji Ishiwata🇯🇵 · Takahiro Yoshida🇯🇵

   We study baryogenesis in a hybrid inflation model which is embedded to the minimal supersymmetric model with right-handed neutrinos. Inflation is induced by a linear combination of the right-handed sneutrinos and its decay reheats the universe. The decay products are stored in conserved numbers, which are transported under the interactions in equilibrium as the temperature drops down. We find that at least a few percent of the initial lepton asymmetry is left under the strong wash-out due to the lighter right-handed (s)neutrinos. To account for the observed baryon number and the active neutrino masses after a successful inflation, the inflaton mass and the Majorana mass scale should be $10^{13}\mathrm{GeV}$ and $\mathcal{O}(10^9$-$10^{10})\mathrm{GeV}$, respectively.

   hep-phastro-ph.COJHEP(2023)·1 citation
3. 03*

   Possible Molecular Explanation for the Resonance $Y(4500)$

   Elif Güngör🇹🇷 · Hayriye Sundu🇹🇷 · Jale Y. Süngü🇹🇷 · Elşen V. Veliev🇹🇷

   The BESIII collaboration has discovered a new state with hidden charm-strange. Its mass is intriguingly close to the $D_s{\bar{D}}_{s1}$ threshold and does not have the properties of the charmonium states. Working with the QCD sum rules (QCDSR) approach, we test if the charmonium-like structure $Y(4500)$, detected in the invariant mass spectrum $K^{+}{K}^{-}J/\psi$ may be interpreted as an exotic $D_s{\bar{D}}_{s1}$ molecular structure with $J^{PC}=1^{--}$. Considering the contributions of QCD condensates up to operator dimension ten, we estimate the mass and decay constant of $Y(4500)$ resonance. We get $m_Y=(4488.35\pm 11.54)$ MeV in excellent agreement with the meson mass reported by BESIII and $f_Y=(4.04\pm 0.36)\times 10^{-3}$$\mathrm{Ge}{\mathrm{V}}^4$. Our findings indicate that a pseudoscalar-axialvector molecule current can well describe this state.

   hep-phFew Body Syst.(2023)·8 citations
4. 04*

   Toward an unbiased flow measurements in LHC $pp$ collisions

   SuJeong Ji🇰🇷 · Maxim Virta🇫🇮 · Teemu Kallio🇫🇮 · SangHoon Lim🇰🇷 · Dong Jo Kim🇫🇮

   Long-range correlations for pairs of charged particles with two-particle angular correlations are studied in $pp$ at $\sqrt{\text{s}}=13$~TeV with various Monte Carlo generators. The correlation functions are constructed as functions of relative azimuthal angle $\Delta \phi$ and pseudorapidity separation $\Delta \eta$ for pairs of different particle species with the identified hadrons such as $\pi$, $K$, $p$, and $\Lambda$ in wide $\Delta \eta$ ranges. Fourier coefficients are extracted for the long-range correlations in several -multiplicity classes using a low-multiplicity template fit method. The method allows to subtract the enhanced away-side jet fragments in high-multiplicity with respect to low-multiplicity events. However, we found that due to a kinematic bias on jets and differing model implementation of flow and jet components, subtracting the non-flow contamination in small systems can bias the results. It is found that PYTHIA8 Default model where the presence of the collective flow is not expected but the bias results in very large flow. Also extracting flow signal from the EPOS4 and PYTHIA8 String Shoving models is not possible because of flow signal introduced in the low-multiplicity events. Only AMPT String Melting model among studied model calculations is free from this bias, and shows a mass ordering at low $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and particle type grouping in the intermediate $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ range. This feature has first found in large systems but the mass ordering in small systems is different from what is observed in the large collision systems.

   hep-phPRC(2023)·5 citations
5. 05*

   WIMPs in Dilatonic Einstein Gauss-Bonnet Cosmology

   Anirban Biswas (CQUeST, Seoul and Yonsei U.)🇰🇷 · Arpan Kar (CQUeST, Seoul)🇰🇷 · Bum-Hoon Lee (CQUeST, Seoul and Sogang U.)🇰🇷 · Hocheol Lee (CQUeST, Seoul and Sogang U.)🇰🇷 · Wonwoo Lee (CQUeST, Seoul)🇰🇷 · Stefano Scopel (CQUeST, Seoul and Sogang U.)🇰🇷 · Liliana Velasco-Sevilla (CQUeST, Seoul and Sogang U.)🇰🇷 · Lu Yin (CQUeST, Seoul and APCTP, Pohang)🇰🇷

   We use the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) thermal decoupling scenario to probe Cosmologies in dilatonic Einstein Gauss-Bonnet (dEGB) gravity, where the Gauss-Bonnet term is non-minimally coupled to a scalar field with vanishing potential. We put constraints on the model parameters when the ensuing modified cosmological scenario drives the WIMP annihilation cross section beyond the present bounds from DM indirect detection searches. In our analysis we assumed WIMPs that annihilate to Standard Model particles through an s-wave process. For the class of solutions that comply with WIMP indirect detection bounds, we find that dEGB typically plays a mitigating role on the scalar field dynamics at high temperature, slowing down the speed of its evolution and reducing the enhancement of the Hubble constant compared to its standard value. For such solutions, we observe that the corresponding boundary conditions at high temperature correspond asymptotically to a vanishing deceleration parameter q, so that the effect of dEGB is to add an accelerating term that exactly cancels the deceleration predicted by General Relativity. The bounds from WIMP indirect detection are nicely complementary to late-time constraints from compact binary mergers. This suggest that it could be interesting to use other Early Cosmology processes to probe the dEGB scenario.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qcJCAP(2023)·10 citations
6. 06*

   Collision Integrals for Cosmological Phase Transitions

   Stefania De Curtis🇮🇹 · Luigi Delle Rose🇮🇹 · Andrea Guiggiani🇮🇹 · Ángel Gil Muyor🇪🇸 · Giuliano Panico🇮🇹

   The dynamics of the true-vacuum bubbles nucleated during a first-order phase transition is affected by the distribution functions of the particle species in the plasma, driven out-of-equilibrium by the travelling domain wall. An accurate modelling of this phenomenon is relevant for a quantitative description of phase transitions in the early universe and for the determination of the corresponding cosmic relics, such as, among the others, the stochastic background of gravitational waves. We address this problem by developing a new spectral method devised for a fast and reliable computation of the collision integral in the Boltzmann equations. In a scalar singlet extension of the Standard Model chosen as a benchmark scenario, we test our algorithm, determining the bubble speed and profile, and we asses the impact of the out-of-equilibrium dynamics.

   hep-phJHEP(2023)·45 citations
7. 07*

   A new bound on Lorentz violation based on the absence of vacuum Cherenkov radiation in ultra-high energy air showers

   Fabian Duenkel🇩🇪 · Marcus Niechciol🇩🇪 · Markus Risse🇩🇪

   In extensive air showers induced by ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays, secondary particles are produced with energies far above those accessible by other means. These extreme energies can be used to search for new physics. We study the effects of isotropic, nonbirefringent Lorentz violation in the photon sector. In case of a photon velocity smaller than the maximum attainable velocity of standard Dirac fermions, vacuum Cherenkov radiation becomes possible. Implementing this Lorentz-violating effect in air shower simulations, a significant reduction of the calculated average atmospheric depth of the shower maximum $⟨X_{\text{max}}⟩$ is obtained. Based on $⟨X_{\text{max}}⟩$ and its shower-to-shower fluctuations $\sigma (X_{\text{max}})$, a new bound on Lorentz violation is derived which improves the previous one by a factor of 2. This is the first such bound based on the absence of vacuum Cherenkov radiation from fundamental particles (electrons and positrons) in air showers. Options for further improvements are discussed.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·17 citations
8. 08*

   Effects of the Axion Through the Higgs Portal on Primordial Gravitational Waves During the Electroweak Breaking

   V.K. Oikonomou🇬🇷

   We investigate the effects of short axion kination eras on the energy spectrum of the primordial gravitational waves corresponding to modes that re-enter the Hubble horizon at the post-electroweak symmetry breaking epoch, well within the radiation domination era. Our main assumption is the existence of an extremely weakly coupled hidden sector between the Higgs and the axion, materialized by higher order non-renormalizable dimension six and dimension eight operators, active at a scale M of the order 20-100TeV. This new physics scale M which is way higher than the electroweak scale, is motivated by the lack of new particle observations in the large hadron collider to date, beyond the electroweak scale. Once the electroweak symmetry breaking occurs at T\sim 100 GeV, the axion potential acquires a new minimum due to the new terms generated by the electroweak breaking, and the axion oscillations at the origin are destabilized. In effect after some considerable amount of time, the axion rolls swiftly to its new minimum, experiencing a short kination epoch, where its energy density redshifts as ${\rho }_a\sim a^{-6}$. After it reaches the new minimum, since the latter is energetically less favorable that the Higgs minimum, it decays to the Higgs minimum and the Universe is described again by the Higgs minimum. The axion returns to the origin and commences again oscillations initiated by quantum fluctuations, redshifts as dark matter, and the same procedure is repeated perpetually. These short axion kination eras may disturb the background total equation of state parameter during the radiation domination era. As we show, the energy spectrum of the gravitational waves mainly depends on how many times the short axion kination epochs occur.

   hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qchep-thPRD(2023)·29 citations
9. 09*

   Symmetry and bipolar motion in collective neutrino flavor oscillations

   Zewei Xiong🇩🇪 · Meng-Ru Wu🇹🇼 · Yong-Zhong Qian🇺🇸

   We identify a geometric symmetry on the two-flavor Bloch sphere for collective flavor oscillations of a homogeneous dense neutrino gas. Based on this symmetry, analytical solutions to the periodic bipolar flavor evolution are derived. Using numerical calculations, we show that for configurations without this symmetry, the flavor evolution displays deviations from the bipolar flavor motion or even exhibits aperiodic patterns. We also discuss the implication of our finding for more general three-flavor and inhomogeneous cases.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2023)·17 citations
10. 10*

    The inverse Mellin transform via analytic continuation

    A. Behring🇨🇭 · J. Blümlein🇩🇪 · K. Schönwald🇨🇭

    We present a method to calculate the $x$--space expressions of massless or massive operator matrix elements in QCD and QED containing local composite operator insertions, depending on the discrete Mellin index $N$, directly, without computing the Mellin--space expressions in explicit form analytically. Here $N$ belongs either to the even or odd positive integers. The method is based on the resummation of the operators into effective propagators and relies on an analytic continuation between two continuous variables. We apply it to iterated integrals as well as to the more general case of iterated non--iterative integrals, generalizing the former ones. The $x$--space expressions are needed to derive the small--$x$ behaviour of the respective quantities, which usually cannot be accessed in $N$--space. We illustrate the method for different (iterated) alphabets, including non--iterative ${}_2{F}_1$ and elliptic structures, as examples. These structures occur in different massless and massive three--loop calculations. Likewise the method applies even to the analytic closed form solutions of more general cases of differential equations which do not factorize into first--order factors.

    hep-phhep-thmath-phmath.MPJHEP(2023)·18 citations
11. 11*

    Multiplicity of $Z_{cs}(3985)$ in heavy ion collisions

    L. M. Abreu🇧🇷 · F. S. Navarra🇧🇷 · M. Nielsen🇧🇷 · H. P. L. Vieira🇧🇷

    Using the coalescence model we compute the multiplicity of $Z_{cs}(3985{)}^{-}$ (treated as a compact tetraquark) at the end of the quark gluon plasma phase in heavy ion collisions. Then we study the time evolution of this state in the hot hadron gas phase. We calculate the thermal cross sections for the collisions of the $Z_{cs}(3985{)}^{-}$ with light mesons using effective Lagrangians and form factors derived from QCD sum rules for the vertices $Z_{cs}{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }D$ and $Z_{cs}{\bar{D}}_s{D}^{\ast }$. We solve the kinetic equation and find how the $Z_{cs}(3985{)}^{-}$ multiplicity is affected by the considered reactions during the expansion of the hadronic matter. A comparison with the statistical hadronization model predictions is presented. Our results show that the tetraquark yield increases by a factor of about $2-3$ from the hadronization to the kinetic freeze-out. We also make predictions for the dependence of the $Z_{cs}(3985{)}^{-}$ yield on the centrality, the center-of-mass energy and the charged hadron multiplicity measured at midrapidity $\left[d{N}_{ch}/d\eta (\eta <0.5)\right]$.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·6 citations
12. 12*

    Femtoscopic correlation function for the $T_{cc}(3875{)}^{+}$ state

    I. Vidana🇮🇹 · A. Feijoo🇪🇸 · M. Albaladejo🇪🇸 · J. Nieves🇪🇸 · E. Oset🇪🇸

    We have conducted a study of the femtoscopic correlation functions for the $D^0{D}^{\ast +}$ and $D^{+}{D}^{\ast 0}$ channels that build the $T_{cc}$ state. We develop a formalism that allows us to factorize the scattering amplitudes outside the integrals in the formulas, and the integrals involve the range of the strong interaction explicitly. For a source of size of 1 fm, we find values for the correlation functions of the $D^0{D}^{\ast +}$ and $D^{+}{D}^{\ast 0}$ channels at the origin around 30 and 2.5, respectively, and we see these observables converging to unity already for relative momenta of the order of 200 MeV. We conduct tests to see the relevance of the different contributions to the correlation function and find that it mostly provides information on the scattering length, since the presence of the source function in the correlation function introduces an effective cut in the loop integrals that makes them quite insensitive to the range of the interaction.

    hep-phnucl-thPLB(2023)·62 citations
13. 13*

    Sterile neutrinos along the DUNE decay pipe

    João Penedo🇵🇹 · João Pulido🇵🇹

    We analyse the sensitivity of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) to a sterile neutrino, combining information from both the Near Detector (ND) and the Far Detector (FD). DUNE's sterile exclusion reach is affected by taking into account the information on the neutrino production point, in contrast to assuming a point-like neutrino source. Visible differences remain after taking into account energy bin-to-bin uncorrelated systematics.

    hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
14. 14*

    A Colorful Mirror Solution to the Strong CP Problem

    Quentin Bonnefoy🇺🇸 · Lawrence Hall🇺🇸 · Claudio Andrea Manzari🇺🇸 · Christiane Scherb🇺🇸

    We propose theories of a complete mirror world with parity (P) solving the strong CP problem. P exchanges the entire Standard Model (SM) with its mirror copy. We derive bounds on the two new mass scales that arise: $v^{\prime }$ where parity and mirror electroweak symmetry are spontaneously broken, and $v_3$ where the color groups break to the diagonal strong interactions. The strong CP problem is solved even if $v_3\ll v^{\prime }$, when heavy coloured states at the scale $v_3$ may be accessible at LHC and future colliders. Furthermore, we argue that the breaking of P introduces negligible contributions to ${\bar{\theta }}_{\text{QCD}}$, starting at three-loop order. The symmetry breaking at $v_3$ can be made dynamical, without introducing an additional hierarchy problem.

    hep-phhep-thPRL(2023)·17 citations
15. 15*

    The top quark legacy of the LHC Run II for PDF and SMEFT analyses

    Zahari Kassabov🇬🇧 · Maeve Madigan🇬🇧 · Luca Mantani🇬🇧 · James Moore🇬🇧 · Manuel Morales Alvarado🇬🇧 · Juan Rojo🇳🇱 · Maria Ubiali🇬🇧

    We assess the impact of top quark production at the LHC on global analyses of parton distributions (PDFs) and of Wilson coefficients in the SMEFT, both separately and in the framework of a joint interpretation. We consider the broadest top quark dataset to date containing all available measurements based on the full Run II luminosity. First, we determine the constraints that this dataset provides on the large-x gluon PDF and study its consistency with other gluon-sensitive measurements. Second, we carry out a SMEFT interpretation of the same dataset using state-of-the-art SM and EFT theory calculations, resulting in bounds on 25 Wilson coefficients modifying top quark interactions. Subsequently, we integrate the two analyses within the SIMUnet approach to realise a simultaneous determination of the SMEFT PDFs and the EFT coefficients and identify regions in the parameter space where their interplay is most phenomenologically relevant. We also demonstrate how to separate eventual BSM signals from QCD effects in the interpretation of top quark measurements at the LHC.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·75 citations
16. 16*

    Applications of Machine Learning to Detecting Fast Neutrino Flavor Instabilities in Core-Collapse Supernova and Neutron Star Merger Models

    Sajad Abbar🇩🇪

    Neutrinos propagating in a dense neutrino gas, such as those expected in core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) and neutron star mergers (NSMs), can experience fast flavor conversions on relatively short scales. This can happen if the neutrino electron lepton number ($\nu$ELN) angular distribution crosses zero in a certain direction. Despite this, most of the state-of-the-art CCSN and NSM simulations do not provide such detailed angular information and instead, supply only a few moments of the neutrino angular distributions. In this study we employ, for the \emph{first} time, a machine learning (ML) approach to this problem and show that it can be extremely successful in detecting $\nu$ELN crossings on the basis of its zeroth and first moments. We observe that an accuracy of $\sim 95\%$ can be achieved by the ML algorithms, which almost corresponds to the Bayes error rate of our problem. Considering its remarkable efficiency and agility, the ML approach provides one with an unprecedented opportunity to evaluate the occurrence of FFCs in CCSN and NSM simulations \emph{on the fly}. We also provide our ML methodologies on GitHub.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·20 citations
17. 17*

    Lorentz Violating Electrodynamics with sources and mirrors

    A. F. Ferrari🇧🇷

    We look for modifications that can be derived from the Maxwell sector of the SME for the interaction between electrical charges and the electromagnetic field. The kind of problem that we are looking into is the one that might be found in a standard textbook on electromagnetism: given a set of electrical charges, in the presence of some non-trivial boundary condition (such as a mirror), find the electromagnetic field and the interaction energy between those charges. To study such kind of problem in the presence of LV coefficients, we calculate the modified propagator for the Maxwell field, and use it to calculate energy of a system given by an semi-transparent mirror and a point-like charge. We show how new effects appear in this case, such as a spontaneous torque acting on the system.

    ↳ hep-thhep-ph0 citations
18. 18*

    Gluon Condensation Signature in the GeV Gamma-Ray Spectra of Pulsars

    Ze-Cheng Zou🇨🇳 · Yong-Feng Huang🇨🇳 · Cheng-Ming Li🇨🇳 · He-Rui Zheng🇨🇳 · Wei Zhu🇨🇳

    The accumulation of gluons inside nucleons, i.e., the gluon condensation, may lead to a characteristic broken power-law gamma-ray spectrum in high-energy nucleon collisions. Here we show that the observed spectra of at least 25 sources in the second Fermi Large Area Telescope Catalog of Gamma-ray Pulsars can be well fitted by such a broken power-law function that has only four free parameters. It strongly indicates that the gamma-ray emission from these pulsars is of hadronic origin, but with gluon condensation inside hadrons. It is well known that the quark-gluon distribution in a free nucleon is different from that in a bound nucleon. This work exposes the nuclear $A$ dependence of the gluon condensation effect, where $A$ refers to the baryon number. Our study reveals the gluon condensation under the condition of $A\to \infty$, which may open a new window for eavesdropping on the structure of compact stars on the subnuclear level.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·3 citations
19. 19*

    Prospects for detection of ultra high frequency gravitational waves from compact binary coalescenses with resonant cavities

    Aurélien Barrau🇫🇷 · Juan García-Bellido🇪🇸 · Thierry Grenet🇫🇷 · Killian Martineau🇫🇷

    This article aims at clarifying the situation about astrophysical sources that might be observed with haloscope experiments sensitive to gravitational waves in the 1-10 GHz band. The GrAHal setup is taken as a benchmark. We follow a very pedagogical path so that the full analysis can easily be used by the entire community who might not be familiar with the theoretical framework. Different relevant physical regimes are considered in details and some formulas encountered in the literature are revised. In particular, we carefully take into account the fast drift of the gravitational wave frequency and the relevant experimental timescales. We also relax the usual assumption that only the merging phase should be considered. The distances that can be probed and expected event rates are carefully evaluated, taking into account degeneracies between physical parameters. We show where experimental efforts should be focused to improve the sensitivity and we conclude that any detection in the near future is extremely unlikely.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-exhep-phEPJC(2025)·11 citations
20. 20*

    Quantum loop effects on the power spectrum and constraints on primordial black holes

    Sayantan Choudhury🇮🇳 · Sudhakar Panda🇮🇳 · M. Sami🇮🇳

    We present a detailed exposition on the prospects of the formation of Primordial Black Holes (PBHs) during Slow Roll (SR) to Ultra Slow Roll (USR) sharp transitions in the framework of single-field inflation. We use an effective field theory (EFT) approach in order to keep the analysis model-independent and applicable to both the canonical and non-canonical cases. We show in detail how renormalizing the power spectrum to one loop order in $P(X,\varphi )$ theories severely limits the prospects for PBH formation in a single-field inflationary framework. We demonstrate that for the allowed range of effective sound speed, $1<c_s<1.17$, the consistency of one-loop corrected power spectrum leaves a small window for black hole masses, $M_{\mathrm{PBH}}\sim \mathcal{O}(10^2-10^3)$gm to have sufficient e-foldings, $\Delta {\mathcal{N}}_{\mathrm{Total}}\sim \mathcal{O}(54-59)$ for inflation. We confirm that adding an SR regime after USR before the end of inflation does not significantly alter our conclusions. Our findings for sharp transition strictly rule out the possibility of generating large masses of PBHs from all possible models of single-field inflation (canonical and non-canonical). Our results are at least valid for the situation where constraints from the loop effects are computed using either Late-Time (LT) or Adiabatic-Wave function (AF) scheme followed by Power Spectrum (PS) renormalization schemes.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thJCAP(2023)·129 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.