Thu·Feb 23, 2023Thursday·February 23, 2023

1. 01*

   Renormalisable Non-local Quark-Gluon Interaction: Mass Gap, Chiral Symmetry Breaking & Scale Invariance

   Arpan Chatterjee🇪🇪 · Marco Frasca🇮🇹 · Anish Ghoshal🇵🇱 · Stefan Groote🇪🇪

   We derive a Nambu--Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model from a non-local gauge theory and show that it has confining properties at low energies. In particular, we present an extended approach to non-local QCD and a complete revision of the technique of Bender, Milton and Savage applied to non-local theories, providing a set of Dyson--Schwinger equations in differential form. In the local case, we obtain closed form solutions in the simplest case of the scalar field and extend it to the Yang--Mills field. In general, for non-local theories, we use a perturbative technique and a Fourier series and show how higher-order harmonics are heavily damped due to the presence of the non-local factor. The spectrum of the theory is analysed for the non-local Yang--Mills sector and found to be in agreement with the local results on the lattice in the limit of the non-locality mass parameter running to infinity. In the non-local case, we confine ourselves to a non-locality mass that is sufficiently large compared to the mass scale arising from the integration of the Dyson--Schwinger equations. Such a choice results in good agreement, in the proper limit, with the spectrum of the local theory. We derive the gap equation for the fermions in the theory that gives some indication of quark confinement in the non-local NJL case as well. Confinement seems to be a rather ubiquitous effect that removes some degrees of freedom in the original action, favouring the appearance of new observable states, as seen, e.g.,\ for quantum chromodynamics at lower energies.

   hep-phhep-thParticles(2024)·3 citations
2. 02*

   Effect of spacetime geometry on neutrino oscillations

   Riya Barick🇮🇳 · Indrajit Ghose🇮🇳 · Amitabha Lahiri🇮🇳

   Propagation of fermions in spacetime requires a spin connection, which can be split into a universal gravitational part and a non-universal ``contorsion'' part. The latter is non-dynamical and can be eliminated from the theory, leaving an effective four-fermion interaction with unknown coupling constants. The generic form of the contorsion-fermion coupling, and thus the four-fermion interaction, breaks chiral symmetry. This interaction affects all fermions -- in particular neutrinos passing through matter will notice a contribution to their effective Hamiltonian, just like the MSW effect coming from weak interactions, but diagonal in the mass basis rather than the flavor basis. Then there is a possibility that this geometrical contribution is not negligible for neutrinos passing through normal matter, provided the coupling constants are not too small. We calculate the matter potential due to this interaction and thus write the conversion and survival probabilities including its effect. We plot conversion probabilities of ${\nu }_{\mu }$ to ${\nu }_e$ and ${\nu }_{\tau }$ for a baseline of 1300 km, as well as their dependence on the CP phase, with and without the geometrical interaction. We also plot the survival probability of reactor ${\bar{\nu }}_e$ for different baselines.

   hep-phgr-qcEur.Phys.J.Plus(2024)·12 citations
3. 03*

   The Neutrino Magnetic Moment Portal and Supernovae: New Constraints and Multimessenger Opportunities

   Vedran Brdar🇨🇭 · André de Gouvêa🇺🇸 · Ying-Ying Li🇨🇳 · Pedro A. N. Machado🇺🇸

   We scrutinize the hypothesis that gauge singlet fermions -- sterile neutrinos -- interact with Standard Model particles through the transition magnetic moment portal. These interactions lead to the production of sterile neutrinos in supernovae followed by their decay into photons and active neutrinos which can be detected at $\gamma$-ray telescopes and neutrino detectors, respectively. We find that the non-observation of active neutrinos and photons from sterile-neutrino decay associated to SN1987A yields the strongest constraints to date on magnetic-moment-coupled sterile neutrinos if their masses are inside a $0.1-100$ MeV window. Assuming a near-future galactic supernova explosion, we estimate the sensitivity of several present and near-future experiments, including Fermi-LAT, e-ASTROGAM, DUNE, and Hyper-Kamiokande, to magnetic-moment-coupled sterile neutrinos. We also study the diffuse photon and neutrino fluxes produced in the decay of magnetic-moment coupled sterile neutrinos produced in all past supernova explosions and find that the absence of these decay daughters yields the strongest constraints to date for sterile neutrino masses inside a $1-100$ keV window.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2023)·35 citations
4. 04*

   Conformal B-L and Pseudo-Goldstone Dark Matter

   Rabindra N. Mohapatra🇺🇸 · Nobuchika Okada🇺🇸

   We show that a conformal extension of the standard model with local B-L symmetry and two complex scalars breaking B-L can provide a unified description of neutrino mass, origin of matter and dark matter. There are two hierarchical B-L breaking vacuum expectation value (VEV) scales in the model, the higher denoted by $v_B$ and the lower by $v_A$. The higher breaking scale is dynamically implemented via the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism and plays a key role in the model since it induces electroweak symmetry breaking as well as the lower B-L breaking scale. It is also responsible for neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism and origin of matter. The imaginary part of the complex scalar with lower B-L breaking VEV plays the role of a pseudo-Goldstone dark matter (DM). The DM particle is unstable with its lifetime naturally longer than $10^{28}$ seconds. We show that its relic density arises from the freeze-in mechanism for a wide parameter domain. Due to the pseudo-Goldstone boson nature of the DM particle, the direct detection cross section is highly suppressed. The model also predicts the dark matter to be heavier than 100 TeV and it decays to two high energy neutrinos which can be observable at the IceCube, providing a test of this model.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·9 citations
5. 05*

   Global QCD Analysis and Dark Photons

   N. T. Hunt-Smith🇦🇺 · W. Melnitchouk🇺🇸 · N. Sato🇺🇸 · A. W. Thomas🇦🇺 · X. G. Wang🇦🇺 · M. J. White🇦🇺

   We perform a global QCD analysis of high energy scattering data within the JAM Monte Carlo framework, including a coupling to a dark photon that augments the standard model electroweak coupling via kinetic mixing with the hypercharge $B$ boson. Including the most recent measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon as a constraint, we find a significant reduction in the combined ${\chi }^2$, favoring the inclusion of a dark photon, with a statistical significance in excess of 8$\sigma$. With respect to the experimental data, the improvements in the theoretical predictions are spread across a wide range of $x$ and $Q^2$, with the largest improvement corresponding to neutral current data from HERA, while the best fit yields a value of $g-2$ which significantly reduces the disagreement with the latest experimental determination. The best fit yields a dark photon mass in the range 4.2--6.2 GeV and a mixing parameter of order 0.1.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-thJHEP(2023)·16 citations
6. 06*

   Searching the anomalous electromagnetic and weak dipole moments of the top-quark at the Bestest Little Higgs Model

   E. Cruz-Albaro🇲🇽 · A. Gutiérrez-Rodríguez🇲🇽 · M. A. Hernández-Ruíz🇲🇽 · T. Cisneros-Pérez🇲🇽

   In this paper, using a Bestest Little Higgs Model (BLHM) approach, we obtain bounds on the top-quark electromagnetic and weak dipole moments. These physical observables are sensitive to quantum corrections induced by virtual particles at the one-loop level. The contributions of the virtual particles are obtained from the vertices of scalar bosons, vector bosons, and heavy quarks: $t{q}_i{S}_i$, $S_i=h_0,H_0,A_0,{\varphi }^0,{\eta }^0,\sigma ,H^{\pm },{\varphi }^{\pm },{\eta }^{\pm }$; $t{q}_i{V}_i$, $V_i=\gamma ,Z,W,Z^{\prime },W^{\prime }$; $V{q}_i{\bar{q}}_i$, $V=\gamma ,Z$, $q_i=b,t,B,T,T_5,T_6,T^{2/3},T^{5/3}$; $V{W}_i^{-}{\Phi }_i^{+}$, $W_i\equiv W,W^{\prime }$, ${\Phi }_i^{\pm }={\varphi }^{\pm },{\eta }^{\pm }$; $ZZ{H}_i$, $H_i=h_0,H_0$; $Z{Z}^{\prime }{H}_i$; and $V{W}^{\prime }{W}^{\prime }$. With these new contributions, we evaluated the electroweak dipole moments $a_t$, $a_t^W$, $d_t$ and $d_t^W$ of the top-quark in the diagonalization schemes $y_2>y_3$ and $y_2<y_3$ to the Yukawa couplings. For the BLHM parameters, we choose the following values of $m_{A_0}=1000$ GeV, $m_{{\eta }^0}=100$ GeV, $f=[1000,3000]$ GeV, $F=[3000,6000]$ GeV and $\tan \beta =3$, which give the best sensitivity on the electroweak dipole moments of the top-quark in this context: $a_t=1.39\times 10^{-4}+i6.55\times 10^{-5}$; $a_t^W=6.31\times 10^{-5}-i1.39\times 10^{-5}$ for the $y_2>y_3$ scenario, while $a_t=2.12\times 10^{-4}+i4.49\times 10^{-5}$; $a_t^W=2.13\times 10^{-4}-i1.34\times 10^{-5}$ for the $y_2<y_3$ scenario.

   hep-phEur.Phys.J.Plus(2023)·8 citations
7. 07*

   Fluctuations of atomic energy levels due to axion dark matter

   V. V. Flambaum🇦🇺 · I.B. Samsonov🇦🇺

   The amplitude of the pseudoscalar (axion) or scalar field fluctuates on a time scale of order of million field oscillation periods which is a typical coherence time in the virialized axion galactic dark matter halo model. This causes fluctuations of frequencies of atomic clocks on the same time scale. We show that this effect may be employed to search for the axion and scalar field dark matter with atomic and nuclear clocks. We re-purpose the results of the atomic clocks experiments comparing the variations of frequencies of hyperfine transitions in Rb and Cs atoms as well as in hydrogen atom vs cavity frequency fluctuations, and extract new limits on the axion coupling constant $f_a$ for masses in the range $2.4\times 10^{-17}\text{ eV}\lesssim m\lesssim 10^{-13}\text{ eV}$. We also show that similar energy shifts arise in the second-order perturbation theory with linear in the pseudoscalar field interaction. These shifts may be potentially measured with nuclear clocks based on the low-energy transition in ${}^{229}$Th nucleus. We propose a procedure which could, in principle, help determine the axion mass if the axion dark matter signal is present in experimental data sets.

   hep-phastro-ph.COnucl-thphysics.atom-phPRD(2023)·22 citations
8. 08*

   Quark and lepton hierarchies from $S_4^{\prime }$ modular flavor symmetry

   Yoshihiko Abe🇺🇸 · Tetsutaro Higaki🇯🇵 · Junichiro Kawamura🇰🇷 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵

   We propose models in which the hierarchical structures of the masses and mixing in both quark and lepton sectors are explained by the $S_4^{\prime }$ modular flavor symmetry near the fixed point $\tau \sim i\infty$. The model provides the first explicit example which explains hierarchies of both quarks and leptons. The hierarchies are realized by powers of $ϵ=e^{2\pi i\tau /4}=\mathcal{O}(0.01)$ and $2\mathrm{Im}\tau \sim 5$, where $\tau$ being the modulus. The small parameter $ϵ$ plays a role of flavon in the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism under the residual $Z_4^T$ symmetry, and powers of $2\mathrm{Im}\tau$ in the Yukawa couplings are controlled by modular weights via the canonical normalization. The doublet quarks are identified to a $S_4^{\prime }$ triplet to explain the hierarchical structure of the quark mixing angles, while the doublet leptons are composed of three singlets for the large mixing angles in the lepton sector. We show that the $S_4^{\prime }$ modular symmetry alone can explain the hierarchies in both quark and lepton sectors by $\mathcal{O}(1)$ coefficients.

   hep-phPLB(2023)·45 citations
9. 09*

   Coherence in scattering of massive weakly interacting neutral particles off nuclei

   V. A. Bednyakov🇷🇺

   The paper presents a novel approach to the description of the nonrelativistic weak interaction of a massive neutral particle (lepton) and a nucleus, in which the latter retains its integrity. The cross section of such a process is a sum of the elastic (or coherent) contribution, when the nucleus remains in its original state, and the inelastic (incoherent) contribution, when the nucleus is in an excited state. Smooth transition from elastic scattering to inelastic scattering is governed by the dependence of the nuclear form factors on the momentum transferred to the nucleus. The intensity of the weak interaction is set by the parameters that determine the contributions to the probability amplitude from the scalar products of the leptonic and nucleon currents. The resulting expressions are of interest, at least in the problem of direct detection of neutral massive weakly interacting particles of dark matter, since in this case, in contrast to the generally accepted approach, both elastic and inelastic processes are simultaneously considered. It is shown that the presence of the inelastic contribution accompanied by emission of characteristic radiation (photons) from the deexcitation of the nucleus turns out to be decisive when the coherent cross section is strongly suppressed or cannot be detected. Therefore in order to extract maximum information about dark matter particles, one should plan experiments aimed at the direct detection of dark matter particles in a setting that allows one to detect both the recoil energy of the nucleus and the gamma quanta from the deexcitation of the nucleus.

   hep-phPhys.Part.Nucl.(2023)·2 citations
10. 10*

    Generalized parton distributions of sea quark at zero skewness in the light-cone Model

    Xiaoyan Luan🇨🇳 · Zhun Lu🇨🇳

    We study the chiral-even generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of $\bar{u}$ and $\bar{d}$ quarks at zero skewness using the overlap representation within the light cone formalism. The GPDs of $\bar{u}$ and $\bar{d}$ quarks can be expressed as the convolution of the light cone wave functions which are obtained from the baryon-meson fluctuation model in terms of the $|q\bar{q}B⟩$ Fock states. We present the numerical results for $H^{\bar{u}/P}(x,\xi ,{\Delta }^2)$, $H^{\bar{d}/P}(x,\xi ,{\Delta }^2)$, $E^{\bar{u}/P}(x,\xi ,{\Delta }^2)$ and $E^{\bar{d}/P}(x,\xi ,{\Delta }^2)$. We apply the model resulting GPDs to calculate the orbital angular momentum of the $\bar{u}$ and $\bar{d}$ quarks, showing that $L^{\bar{u}/P}$, $L^{\bar{d}/P}$ are positive and $L^{\bar{u}/P}$ is smaller than $L^{\bar{d}/P}$. The sea quark OAM distributions in the impact parameter space $L_{\bar{q}}(x,{\mathbf{b}}_{\mathbf{T}})$ are also calculated.

    hep-phEPJC(2023)·12 citations
11. 11*

    Revisit of tensor-meson nonet in resonance chiral theory

    Cheng Chen🇨🇳 · Nai-Qian Cheng🇨🇳 · Lin-Wan Yan🇨🇳 · Chun-Gui Duan🇨🇳 · Zhi-Hui Guo🇨🇳

    We study the properties of the lowest multiplet of light-flavor tensor meson resonances, i.e. $f_2(1270)$, $a_2(1320)$, $K_2^{\ast }(1430)$, and $f_2^{\prime }(1525)$, within the resonance chiral theory approach. The higher-order resonance chiral operators, including the light-quark mass and $1/N_C$ corrections, are simultaneously incorporated in our study. The use of resonance chiral expressions allows us to analyze not only the relevant experimental data but also in the meantime the lattice results at unphysical quark masses, including the masses of the lowest multiplet of tensor resonances and their decay widths into two pseudoscalar mesons. In addition, the radiative decays of the tensor resonances into one photon plus one pseudoscalar meson and two photons are also studied.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·11 citations
12. 12*

    Measuring Electroweak Quantum Numbers of Color Sextet Resonances at the LHC

    Soubhik Kumar🇺🇸 · Rafiqul Rahaman🇮🇳 · Ritesh K. Singh🇮🇳

    We study the prospect of measuring the electroweak quantum numbers of beyond the Standard Model (SM) color sextet particles that decay into same-sign top quark pairs. Among these particles, the color sextet scalars give rise to top quarks with the same chirality, while the top quarks coming from the color sextet vector would have opposite chirality. This difference gets encoded in the angular distributions of the bottom quarks and leptons originating from the decays of the top quarks. We utilize this feature and the energy distributions of the final state jets and leptons to distinguish among the three possible color sextet resonances, taking into account various SM background processes at the $13$ TeV LHC.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·2 citations
13. 13*

    Electroweak precision test of axion-like particles

    Masashi Aiko🇯🇵 · Motoi Endo🇯🇵

    We study the contributions of an axion-like particle to the electroweak precision observables. The particle is assumed to couple with the standard model electroweak gauge bosons. We provide the formulae of the contributions valid for any mass of the axion-like particle. It is found that the effects arise not only via the oblique $S$ and $U$ parameters but also via radiative corrections to the gauge couplings. Besides, the decay of $Z\to a\gamma$ affects the total width of the $Z$ boson. All of those contributions are considered simultaneously in the global fit analysis of the electroweak precision observables. Also, we discuss the recent CDF result of the $W$-boson mass measurement. Since the model is tightly constrained by flavor and collider constraints, it is found that the discrepancy from the standard model prediction is solved only when the axion-like particle is heavier than 500 GeV and its coupling to di-photon is suppressed.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·16 citations
14. 14*

    $CPT$ and unitarity constraints for higher-order $CP$ asymmetries at finite temperature

    Tomáš Blažek🇸🇰 · Peter Maták🇸🇰 · Viktor Zaujec🇸🇰

    We use an unconventional diagrammatic approach to formulate $CPT$ and unitarity constraints for higher-order $CP$ asymmetries entering the source term in the Boltzmann equation. Usually, the reaction rate asymmetries in these constraints are computed within the classical kinetic theory, using zero-temperature quantum field theory to describe particles' interactions. We approximate the rates, otherwise obtained within the closed-time-path formalism, in terms of diagrams drawn on a cylindrical surface and their holomorphic cuts. The resulting equilibrium asymmetry constraints incorporate thermal-mass effects and allow tracking the cancellations of reaction rate asymmetries computed with quantum statistics. We use the top Yukawa corrections to the asymmetries in the seesaw type-I leptogenesis as an example.

    hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Electroweak baryogenesis between broken phases in multi-step phase transition

    Mayumi Aoki🇯🇵 · Hiroto Shibuya🇯🇵

    Possibility of electroweak baryogenesis (EWBG) via multi-step phase transition (PT) is considered. We investigate the EWBG between $SU(2)$ broken phases in the second step PT of the two-step PT. The produced baryon number asymmetry is evaluated using a prototypical model with a $SU(2)$ charged CP-odd scalar field. We show that the second step PTs where the sphaleron rate is possible to be un-suppressed before the PTs, which can reproduce the sufficient baryon number asymmetry. Our studies can be adapted to models with extra $SU(2)$ scalar fields. We discuss specific models suitable for our scenario.

    hep-phPLB(2023)·11 citations
16. 16*

    Fermion masses, critical behavior and universality

    Ferruccio Feruglio🇮🇹

    We look for signals of critical behavior in the Yukawa sector. By reviewing a set of models for the fermion masses, we select those where a symmetry-breaking order parameter sits at a transition point between a disordered phase and an ordered one. Many models based on ordinary flavor symmetries are formulated in terms of small corrections to a symmetric limit, which can hardly be interpreted unambiguously as a sign of near-criticality. Different is the case of nonlinearly realized flavor symmetries when the system is always in the broken phase. By inspecting a large number of modular and CP invariant models of lepton masses, we find that most of them cluster around the fixed point $\tau =i$, where the system enjoys enhanced symmetry. Since a priori all values of the modulus $\tau$ are equally acceptable to describe the fermion spectrum, we regard this preference as a hint of near-criticality. We analyze in detail these models in the vicinity of all fixed points, showing that only one possibility provides a good description of neutrino masses and mixing angles. Near the fixed points the models exhibit a universal behavior. Mass ratios and mixing angles scale with appropriate powers of the order parameter, independently of the details of the theory, a feature reminiscent of systems belonging to the same universality class in second-order phase transitions. The observations of this work are inspired by the role near-criticality might play in solving the naturalness problem and are motivated by the fascinating possibility that most of the free parameters of the Standard Model could find a common explanation.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·33 citations
17. 17*

    Third-Family Quark-Lepton Unification and Electroweak Precision Tests

    Lukas Allwicher🇨🇭 · Gino Isidori🇨🇭 · Javier M. Lizana🇨🇭 · Nudzeim Selimovic🇨🇭 · Ben A. Stefanek🇨🇭

    We analyze the compatibility of the hypothesis of third-family quark-lepton unification at the TeV scale with electroweak precision data, lepton flavor universality tests, and high-$p_T$ constraints. We work within the framework of the UV complete flavor non-universal 4321 gauge model, which is matched at one loop to the Standard Model Effective Field Theory. For consistency, all electroweak precision observables are also computed at one loop within the effective field theory. At tree level, the most sizeable corrections are to $W\to \tau {\nu }_{\tau }$ and $Z\to {\nu }_{\tau }{\nu }_{\tau }$ due to integrating out a pseudo-Dirac singlet fermion required by the model for neutrino mass generation. At loop level, the new colored states of the model generate large flavor-universal contributions to the electroweak precision observables via leading- and next-to-leading log running effects, yielding a significant improvement in the electroweak fit (including an increase in the $W$-boson mass). These effects cannot be decoupled if the model addresses the charged-current $B$-meson anomalies. Overall, we find good compatibility between the data sets, while simultaneously satisfying all low- and high-energy constraints.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·42 citations
18. 18*

    Q-balls in the sky

    Arhum Ansari🇮🇳 · Lalit Singh Bhandari🇮🇳 · Arun M. Thalapillil🇮🇳

    There may exist extended configurations in the dark matter sector that are analogues of structures in the visible sector. In this work, we explore non-topological solitonic configurations, specifically Q-balls, and study when they may form macroscopic astrophysical structures and what their distinct characteristics might be. We study in some detail theoretical bounds on their sizes and constraints on the underlying parameters, based on criteria for an astrophysical Q-ball's existence, gravitational stability and viability of solutions. Following this path, one is able to obtain novel limits on astrophysical Q-ball sizes and their underlying parameters. We also explore the gravitational lensing features of different astrophysical Q-ball profiles, which are more general than the simple thin-wall limit. It is seen that the magnification characteristics may be very distinct, depending on the actual details of the solution, even for astrophysical Q-balls having the same size and mass. Assuming that such astrophysical Q-balls may form a small component of the dark matter in the universe, we place limits on this fraction from the gravitational microlensing surveys EROS-2, OGLE-IV, HSC-Subaru and the proposed future survey WFIRST. Exploring various astrophysical Q-ball profiles and sizes, it is found that while for most intermediate masses that we consider, the dark matter fraction comprising astrophysical Q-balls is at most sub-percent, for other masses it may be significantly higher.

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exhep-thPRD(2024)·13 citations
19. 19*

    Vacuum misalignment in presence of four-Fermi operators

    Avik Banerjee🇸🇪 · Gabriele Ferretti🇸🇪

    We consider the issue of vacuum misalignment induced by four-Fermi couplings in a generic strongly coupled four-dimensional gauge theory. After briefly reviewing the general formalism, we focus on the case of partial compositness-like operators at leading order, which is relevant in applications to phenomenology. We show that the interactions between an elementary fermion and composite spin-1/2 operators in various representations contribute to the effective potential with relative sign differences. Thus the correct sign required to misalign the vacuum is guaranteed to occur for some representations but not all of them. The overall sign dictating the specific representations responsible for misalignment can in principle be determined on the lattice. We also comment on the likely sign for some simple cases.

    hep-phhep-lathep-thPRD(2023)·9 citations
20. 20*

    Hadrons, Superconductor Vortices, and Cosmological Constant

    Keh-Fei Liu🇺🇸

    We explore the roles of the trace anomaly in several hadron properties. We derive the scale invariant expression for the pressure from the gravitational form factors (GFF) of QCD which results in consistent results for the mass and rest energy from the GFF and those from the trace and the Hamiltonian of the energy-momentum tensor (EMT) operators. It is shown that the energy-equilibrium correspondence of hadrons infers an equation of state where the trace anomaly matrix element, emerging from the glue condensate in the vacuum, gives a negative constant pressure that leads to confinement, much like the confinement mechanism for the vortices in type II superconductors where the negative constant pressure is due to the cost of depleting the superconducting condensate. We also note that both the trace anomaly in the QCD energy-momentum tensor and the cosmological constant in Einstein's equation are associated with the metric term which contributes to both energy and pressure. Their difference in terms of the role the pressure plays is discussed. Finally, we note that a lattice calculation of the trace anomaly distribution in the pion has addressed a question about the trace anomaly contribution to the pion mass and suggests that there might be a connection between the conformal symmetry breaking and chiral symmetry breaking in this case.

    hep-phgr-qchep-lathep-th+1PLB(2024)·20 citations
21. 21*

    Cosmic Birefringence from Neutrino and Dark Matter Asymmetries

    Ren-Peng Zhou🇨🇳 · Da Huang🇨🇳 · Chao-Qiang Geng🇨🇳

    In light of the recent measurement of the nonzero Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization rotation angle from the Planck 2018 data, we explore the possibility that such a cosmic birefringence effect is induced by coupling a fermionic current with photons via a Chern-Simons-like term. We begin our discussion by rederiving the general formulae of the cosmic birefringence angle with correcting a mistake in the previous study. We then identify the fermions in the current as the left-handed electron neutrinos and asymmetric dark matter (ADM) particles, since the rotation angle is sourced by the number density difference between particles and antiparticles. For the electron neutrino case, with the value of the degeneracy parameter ${\xi }_{{\nu }_e}$ recently measured by the EMPRESS survey, we find a large parameter space which can explain the CMB photon polarization rotations. On the other hand, for the ADM solution, we consider two benchmark cases with $M_{\chi }=5$~GeV and 5~keV. The former is the natural value of the ADM mass if the observed ADM and baryon asymmetry in the Universe are produced by the same mechanism, while the latter provides a warm DM candidate. In addition, we explore the experimental constraints from the CMB power spectra and the DM direct detections.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-phJCAP(2023)·8 citations
22. 22*

    Signatures of deuteron synthesis on the modified combinants in nuclear collisions

    Rahul R. Nair🇵🇱 · Grzegorz Wilk🇵🇱 · Zbigniew Włodarczyk🇵🇱

    The mechanism of deuteron production in heavy-ion collisions is shown to have a significant impact on the shape of the modified combinants of their multiplicity distribution. In light of this observation, an experimental study is proposed to tackle the long-standing problem of nuclei synthesis in hadronic and nuclear collisions. The proposed approach has the potential to provide stringent constraints on the models of deuteron synthesis.

    ↳ nucl-thhep-ph0 citations
23. 23*

    Search for dark matter with IACTs and the Cherenkov Telescope Array

    Aldo Morselli (on behalf of the CTA Consortium)🇮🇹

    In the last decades an incredible amount of evidence for the existence of dark matter (DM) has been accumulating. At the same time, many efforts have been undertaken to try to identify what dark matter is made of. Indirect searches look at places in the Universe where dark matter is known to be abundant and seek for possible annihilation or decay signatures. Indirect searches with the Fermi Gamma ray Space Telescope and Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) are playing a crucial role in constraining the nature of the DM particle through the study of their annihilation into gamma rays from different astrophysical structures. In this talk I will review the status of the search with IACTs and I will describe the sensitivity projections for dark matter searches on the various targets taking into account the latest instrument response functions expected for the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) together with estimations for the systematic uncertainties from diffuse astrophysical and cosmic-ray

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-exhep-phJ.Phys.Conf.Ser.(2023)·6 citations
24. 24*

    Slowly rotating Q-balls

    Yahya Almumin🇺🇸 · Julian Heeck🇺🇸 · Arvind Rajaraman🇺🇸 · Christopher B. Verhaaren🇺🇸

    Q-balls are non-topological solitons arising in scalar field theories. Solutions for rotating Q-balls (and the related boson stars) have been shown to exist when the angular momentum is equal to an integer multiple of the Q-ball charge $Q$. Here we consider the possibility of classically long-lived metastable rotating Q-balls with small angular momentum, even for large charge, for all scalar theories that support non-rotating Q-balls. This is relevant for rotating extensions of Q-balls and related solitons such as boson stars as it impacts their cosmological phenomenology.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phEPJC(2024)·12 citations
25. 25*

    L2LFlows: Generating High-Fidelity 3D Calorimeter Images

    Sascha Diefenbacher🇩🇪 · Engin Eren🇩🇪 · Frank Gaede🇩🇪 · Gregor Kasieczka🇩🇪 · Claudius Krause🇺🇸 · Imahn Shekhzadeh🇩🇪 · David Shih🇺🇸

    We explore the use of normalizing flows to emulate Monte Carlo detector simulations of photon showers in a high-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter prototype for the International Large Detector (ILD). Our proposed method -- which we refer to as "Layer-to-Layer-Flows" (L$2$LFlows) -- is an evolution of the CaloFlow architecture adapted to a higher-dimensional setting (30 layers of $10\times 10$ voxels each). The main innovation of L$2$LFlows consists of introducing $30$ separate normalizing flows, one for each layer of the calorimeter, where each flow is conditioned on the previous five layers in order to learn the layer-to-layer correlations. We compare our results to the BIB-AE, a state-of-the-art generative network trained on the same dataset and find our model has a significantly improved fidelity.

    ↳ physics.ins-dethep-exhep-phphysics.data-anJINST(2023)·76 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.