HEP Phenomenology·hep-ph

Fri·Feb 10, 2023Friday·February 10, 2023

20 papers—10 primary·10 cross-listed·reconstructed*

01*
Updated Constraints on Primordial Black Hole Evaporation
Mrunal Korwar🇺🇸 · Stefano Profumo🇺🇸
The Hawking evaporation process, leading to the production of detectable particle species, constrains the abundance of light black holes, presumably of primordial origin. Here, we reconsider and correct constraints from soft gamma-ray observations, including of the gamma-ray line, at 511 keV, produced by electron-positron pair-annihilation, where positrons originate from black hole evaporation. First, we point out that the INTEGRAL detection of the Large Magellanic Cloud provides one of the strongest bounds attainable with present observations; and that future MeV gamma-ray telescopes, such as GECCO, will greatly enhance such constraints. Second, we discuss issues with previous limits from the isotropic flux at 511 keV and we provide updated, robust constraints from recent measurements of the diffuse Galactic soft gamma-ray emission and from the isotropic soft gamma-ray background.
hep-phastro-ph.COJCAP(2023)·41 citations
02*
The QCD shockwave approach at NLO: towards precision physics in gluonic saturation
Samuel Wallon🇫🇷
We review the recent developments of the QCD shockwave approach at Next-to-Leading Order. The general method of this effective action is sketched, and illustrated by the case of diffractive processes.
hep-phActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2023)·11 citations
03*
Resonance contributions from $χ_{c 0}$ in the charmless three-body hadronic $B$ meson decays
Ya-Lan Zhang🇨🇳 · Chao Wang🇨🇳 · Yi Lin🇨🇳 · Zhen-Jun Xiao🇨🇳
Within the framework of perturbative QCD factorization, we investigate the nonfactorizable contributions to these factorization-forbidden Quasi-two-body decays $B_{(s)} \to h χ_{c 0} \to h π^{+} π^{-} (K^{+} K^{-})$ with $h = π, K$ . We compare our predicted branching ratios for the $B_{(s)} \to K χ_{c 0} \to K π^{+} π^{-} (K^{+} K^{-})$ decay with available experiment data as well as predictions by other theoretical studies. The branching ratios of these decays are consistent with data and other theoretical predictions. In the Cabibbo-suppressed decays $B_{(s)} \to h χ_{c 0} \to h π^{+} π^{-} (K^{+} K^{-})$ with $h = K ˉ^{0}, π$ , however, the values of the branching ratios are the order of $1 0^{- 7}$ and $1 0^{- 8}$ . The ratio $R_{χ_{c 0}}$ between the decay $B^{+} \to π^{+} χ_{c 0} \to π^{+} π^{+} π^{-}$ and $B^{+} \to K^{+} χ_{c 0} \to K^{+} π^{+} π^{-}$ and the distribution of branching ratios for different decay modes in invariant mass are considered in this work.
hep-phhep-exCPC(2023)·0 citations
04*
Spontaneous CP violation electroweak baryogenesis and gravitational wave through multi-step phase transitions
Songtao Liu🇨🇳 · Lei Wang🇨🇳
In a singlet pseudoscalar extension of the two-Higgs-doublet model we discuss spontaneous CP violation electroweak baryogenesis via two different patterns of phase transitions (PTs): (i) two-step PTs whose first-step and second-step are strongly first-order; (ii) three-step PTs whose first-step is second-order and the second-step and third-step are strongly first-order. For the case of the two-step pattern, the first-step PT takes place at a high temperature, converting the origin phase into an electroweak symmetry broken phase and breaking the CP symmetry spontaneously. Thus, the baryon number is produced during the first-step PT. At the second-step PT, the phase is converted into the observed vacuum at zero temperature, and the CP-symmetry is restored. In both phases the sphaleron processes are sufficiently suppressed, which keep the baryon number unchanged. For the case of the three-step PTs, the pseudoscalar field firstly acquires a nonzero VEV, and VEVs of other fields still remain zero during the first-step PT. The following PTs and electroweak baryogenesis are similar to the case of the two-step PTs. In addition, the gravitational wave spectra can have one or two peaks through the two-step and the three-step PTs, and we discuss the detectability at the future gravitational wave detectors.
hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2023)·13 citations
05*
DFSZ-Type Axions and Where to Find Them
Johannes Diehl🇩🇪 · Emmanouil Koutsangelas🇩🇪
We systematically calculate the axion-photon coupling for non-minimal DFSZ models. Thereby we can classify every calculated model and study the resulting distributions, relevant for axion experiments like haloscopes, helioscopes or light-shining-through-a-wall experiments. By adding more than one additional Higgs doublet, these non-minimal DFSZ models extend the viable axion parameter space and lead to a large range of axion-photon couplings. We find couplings almost three orders of magnitude larger than the ones of the minimal models. Most of the possible axion-photon couplings, however, lie in the vicinity of the values dictated by the minimal models. We quantify this by introducing a theoretical prior probability distribution for DFSZ-type axions and giving $68%$ and $95%$ lower bounds as well as two-sided bands. We compare our results for the DFSZ axion-photon coupling distributions with the KSVZ case, for which a similar analysis has been conducted. Both display similar values as well as a very specific pattern. In order to identify preferred models, we discuss the role of flavour changing neutral currents and the domain wall problem as possible selection criteria. It is possible to construct a large number of non-minimal DFSZ models with a domain wall number of unity and thereby avoiding the domain wall problem. This subset also has a significantly enhanced axion-photon coupling compared to the minimal DFSZ models.
hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·24 citations
06*
Nucleon relativistic polarization and magnetization distributions
Yi Chen🇨🇳 · Cédric Lorcé🇫🇷
As a follow up of our work on the electromagnetic four-current, we study for the first time the relativistic polarization and magnetization spatial distributions inside a spin- $\frac{1}{2}$ target within the quantum phase-space approach. While the polarization-magnetization tensor is usually defined in terms of the Gordon decomposition of the electromagnetic four-current, a Breit frame analysis reveals that a physically simpler and more natural picture of the system arises when the polarization-magnetization tensor is instead defined in terms of a Sachs decomposition. Relativistic polarization and magnetization distributions for a moving target are compared with their light-front counterparts. In particular, we show that the genuine light-front magnetization distributions are defined in terms of Fourier transforms of the Sachs magnetic form factor, rather than in terms of the Pauli form factor as suggested earlier in the literature. We finally illustrate our results in the case of a nucleon using the electromagnetic form factors extracted from experimental data.
hep-phPRD(2023)·30 citations
07*
Exploring the $τ$ polarization in $B \to X τ ν ˉ$ along different axes
Florian U. Bernlochner🇩🇪 · Zoltan Ligeti🇺🇸 · Michele Papucci🇺🇸 · Dean J. Robinson🇺🇸
The $τ$ polarization in semileptonic $B$ decays provides probes of new physics complementary to decay rate distributions of the three-body final state. Prior calculations for inclusive decays used a definition for the polarization axis that is different from the choice used in calculations (and the only measurement) for exclusive channels. To compare inclusive and exclusive predictions, we calculate the $τ$ polarization in inclusive $B \to X τ ν ˉ$ using the same choice as in the exclusive decays, and construct a sum rule relating the inclusive $τ$ polarization to a weighted sum of exclusive decay polarizations. We use this relation, experimental data, and theoretical predictions for the decays to the lightest charm or up-type hadrons to make predictions for excited channels.
hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·1 citation
08*
Structure of electroweak dumbbells
Teerthal Patel🇺🇸 · Tanmay Vachaspati🇺🇸
We analyze the magnetic field of electroweak dumbbells. While the magnetic field of the untwisted dumbbell is given by the usual dipole formula and falls of as $1/ r^{3}$ , dumbbells with twist have a novel twisted magnetic field that only falls off as $cos θ / r^{2}$ (in spherical coordinates). We comment on the relevance of twisted electroweak dumbbells for understanding the coherence of the magnetic field generated at the electroweak phase transition.
hep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·11 citations
09*
A new LHC search for dark matter produced via heavy Higgs bosons using simplified models
Danyer Perez Adan🇩🇪 · Henning Bahl🇺🇸 · Alexander Grohsjean🇩🇪 · Victor Martin Lozano🇪🇸 · Christian Schwanenberger🇩🇪 · Georg Weiglein🇩🇪
Searches for dark matter produced via scalar resonances in final states consisting of Standard Model (SM) particles and missing transverse momentum are of high relevance at the LHC. Motivated by dark-matter portal models, most existing searches are optimized for unbalanced decay topologies for which the missing momentum recoils against the visible SM particles. In this work, we show that existing searches are also sensitive to a wider class of models, which we characterize by a recently presented simplified model framework. We point out that searches for models with a balanced decay topology can be further improved with more dedicated analysis strategies. For this study, we investigate the feasibility of a new search for bottom-quark associated neutral Higgs production with a $b b ˉ Z + p_{T}^{miss}$ final state and perform a detailed collider analysis. Our projected results in the different simplified model topologies investigated here can be easily reinterpreted in a wide range of models of physics beyond the SM, which we explicitly demonstrate for the example of the Two-Higgs-Doublet model with an additional pseudoscalar Higgs boson.
hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·6 citations
10*
Two-loop hard thermal loops for any model
Andreas Ekstedt🇸🇪
Hard thermal loops describe how soft gauge fields are screened and damped in hot plasmas. As such they are used to calculate transport coefficients, Sphaleron rates, equations of state, and particle production. However, most calculations are done using one-loop self-energies. And two-loop contributions can be large. To that end this paper provides vector two-loop self-energies for generic models: Any scalar, fermion, or vector representation; and all possible renormalizable terms. Several examples are given to showcase the results. Two-loop results for higher-point functions are also given.
hep-phhep-thnucl-thJHEP(2023)·15 citations
11*
Simulations of multi-field ultralight axion-like dark matter
Noah Glennon🇺🇸 · Nathan Musoke🇺🇸 · Chanda Prescod-Weinstein🇺🇸
As constraints on ultralight axion-like particles (ALPs) tighten, models with multiple species of ultralight ALP are of increasing interest. We perform simulations of two-ALP models with particles in the currently supported range [arXiv:1307.1705] of plausible masses. The code we modified, UltraDark.jl, not only allows for multiple species of ultralight ALP with different masses, but also different self-interactions and inter-field interactions. This allows us to perform the first three-dimensional simulations of two-field ALPs with self-interactions and inter-field interactions. Our simulations show that having multiple species and interactions introduces different phenomenological effects as compared to a single field, non-interacting scenarios. In particular, we explore the dynamics of solitons. Interacting multi-species ultralight dark matter has different equilibrium density profiles as compared to single-species and/or non-interacting ultralight ALPs. As seen in earlier work [arXiv:2011.09510], attractive interactions tend to contract the density profile while repulsive interactions spread out the density profile. We also explore collisions between solitons comprised of distinct axion species. We observe a lack of interference patterns in such collisions, and that resulting densities depend on the relative masses of the ALPs and their interactions.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·37 citations
12*
Exotic Baryons in Hot Neutron Stars
Adamu Issifu🇧🇷 · Kauan D. Marquez🇧🇷 · Mateus R. Pelicer🇧🇷 · Débora P. Menezes🇧🇷
We study the nuclear isentropic equation of state for a stellar matter composed of nucleons, hyperons, and $Δ$ -resonances. We investigate different snapshots of the evolution of a neutron star, from its birth as a lepton-rich protoneutron star in the aftermath of a supernova explosion to a lepton-poor regime when the star starts cooling to a catalyzed configuration. We use a relativistic model within the mean-field approximation to describe the hot stellar matter and adopt density-dependent couplings adjusted by the DDME2 parameterization. We use baryon-meson couplings for the spin- $1/2$ baryonic octet and spin- $3/2$ decuplet determined in a unified manner relying on $SU (6)$ and $SU (3)$ symmetry arguments. We observe that $Λ$ is the dominant exotic particle in the star at different entropies for both neutrino-free and neutrino-trapped stellar matter. For a fixed entropy, the inclusion of new particles (hyperons and/or delta resonances) in the stellar matter decreases the temperature. Also, an increase in entropy per baryon ( $1 to 2$ ) with decreasing lepton number density ( $0.4 to 0.2$ ) leads to an increase in stellar radii and a decrease in its mass due to neutrino diffusion. In the neutrino transparent matter, the radii decrease from entropy per baryon $2$ to $T = 0$ without a significant change in stellar mass.
↳ nucl-thhep-phMNRAS(2023)·22 citations
13*
Cosmological gravitational particle production of massive spin-2 particles
Edward W. Kolb🇺🇸 · Siyang Ling🇺🇸 · Andrew J. Long🇺🇸 · Rachel A. Rosen🇺🇸
The phenomenon of cosmological gravitational particle production (CGPP) is expected to occur during the period of inflation and the transition into a hot big bang cosmology. Particles may be produced even if they only couple directly to gravity, and so CGPP provides a natural explanation for the origin of dark matter. In this work we study the gravitational production of massive spin-2 particles assuming two different couplings to matter. We evaluate the full system of mode equations, including the helicity-0 modes, and by solving them numerically we calculate the spectrum and abundance of massive spin-2 particles that results from inflation on a hilltop potential. We conclude that CGPP might provide a viable mechanism for the generation of massive spin-2 particle dark matter during inflation, and we identify the favorable region of parameter space in terms of the spin-2 particle's mass and the reheating temperature. As a secondary product of our work, we identify the conditions under which such theories admit ghost or gradient instabilities, and we thereby derive a generalization of the Higuchi bound to Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) spacetimes.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJHEP(2023)·62 citations
14*
Cosmology with the Galaxy Bispectrum Multipoles: Optimal Estimation and Application to BOSS Data
Mikhail M. Ivanov🇺🇸 · Oliver H. E. Philcox🇺🇸 · Giovanni Cabass🇺🇸 · Takahiro Nishimichi🇯🇵 · Marko Simonović🇨🇭 · Matias Zaldarriaga🇺🇸
We present a framework for self-consistent cosmological analyses of the full-shape anisotropic bispectrum, including the quadrupole $(ℓ = 2)$ and hexadecapole $(ℓ = 4)$ moments. This features a novel window-free algorithm for extracting the latter quantities from data, derived using a maximum-likelihood prescription. Furthermore, we introduce a theoretical model for the bispectrum multipoles (which does not introduce new free parameters), and test both aspects of the pipeline on several high-fidelity mocks, including the PT Challenge suite of gigantic cumulative volume. This establishes that the systematic error is significantly below the statistical threshold, both for the measurement and modeling. As a realistic example, we extract the large-scale bispectrum multipoles from BOSS DR12 and analyze them in combination with the power spectrum data. Assuming a minimal $Λ$ CDM model, with a BBN prior on the baryon density and a \textit{Planck} prior on $n_{s}$ , we can extract the remaining cosmological parameters directly from the clustering data. The inclusion of the unwindowed higher-order $(ℓ > 0)$ large-scale bispectrum multipoles is found to moderately improve one-dimensional cosmological parameter posteriors (at the $5% - 10%$ level), though these multipoles are detected only in three out of four BOSS data segments at $\approx 5 σ$ . Combining information from the power spectrum and bispectrum multipoles, the real space power spectrum, and the post-reconstructed BAO data, we find $H_{0} = 68.2 \pm 0.8 km s^{- 1} Mpc^{- 1}$ , $Ω_{m} = 0.33 \pm 0.01$ and $σ_{8} = 0.736 \pm 0.033$ (the tightest yet found in perturbative full-shape analyses). Our estimate of the growth parameter $S_{8} = 0.77 \pm 0.04$ agrees with both weak lensing and CMB results.
↳ astro-ph.COhep-phPRD(2023)·119 citations
15*
Doubly Charmed Tetraquark $T_{cc}^{+}$ from Lattice QCD near Physical Point
Yan Lyu🇨🇳 · Sinya Aoki🇯🇵 · Takumi Doi🇯🇵 · Tetsuo Hatsuda🇯🇵 · Yoichi Ikeda🇯🇵 · Jie Meng🇨🇳
The doubly charmed tetraquark $T_{cc}^{+}$ recently discovered by the LHCb Collaboration is studied on the basis of $(2 + 1)$ -flavor lattice QCD simulations of the $D^{*} D$ system with nearly physical pion mass $m_{π} = 146$ MeV. The interaction of $D^{*} D$ in the isoscalar and $S$ -wave channel, derived from the hadronic spacetime correlation by the HAL QCD method, is attractive for all distances and leads to a near-threshold virtual state with a pole position $E_{pole} = - 59 (_{- 99}^{+ 53}) (_{- 67}^{+ 2})$ keV and a large scattering length $1/ a_{0} = 0.05 (5) (_{- 2}^{+ 2}) fm^{- 1}$ . The virtual state is shown to evolve into a loosely bound state as $m_{π}$ decreases to its physical value by using a potential modified to $m_{π} = 135$ MeV based on the pion-exchange interaction. Such a potential is found to give a semiquantitative description of the LHCb data on the $D^{0} D^{0} π^{+}$ mass spectrum. Future study is necessary to perform physical-point simulations with the isospin-breaking and open three-body-channel effects taken into account.
↳ hep-lathep-exhep-phnucl-thPRL(2023)·141 citations
16*
Analysis of atomic-clock data to constrain variations of fundamental constants
Nathaniel Sherrill🇬🇧 · Adam O. Parsons🇬🇧 · Charles F. A. Baynham🇬🇧 · William Bowden🇬🇧 · E. Anne Curtis🇬🇧 · Richard Hendricks🇬🇧 · Ian R. Hill🇬🇧 · Richard Hobson🇬🇧 · Helen S. Margolis🇬🇧 · Billy I. Robertson🇬🇧 · Marco Schioppo🇬🇧 · Krzysztof Szymaniec🇬🇧 and 4 other authors
We present a new framework to study the time variation of fundamental constants in a model-independent way. Model independence implies more free parameters than assumed in previous studies. Using data from atomic clocks based on $^{87}$ Sr, $^{171}$ Yb $^{+}$ and $^{133}$ Cs, we set bounds on parameters controlling the variation of the fine-structure constant, $α$ , and the electron-to-proton mass ratio, $μ$ . We consider variations on timescales ranging from a minute to almost a day. In addition, we use our results to derive some of the tightest limits to date on the parameter space of models of ultralight dark matter and axion-like particles.
↳ physics.atom-phhep-phNew J.Phys.(2023)·72 citations
17*
Quarkyonic Mean Field Theory
Dyana C. Duarte🇧🇷 · Saul Hernandez-Ortiz🇺🇸 · Kie Sang Jeong🇫🇷 · Larry D. McLerran🇺🇸
We discuss mean field theory of Quarkyonic matter at zero temperature. We treat the nucleons with contact interactions in mean field approximation, discussing both vector and scalar mean field interactions. We treat the quarks without mean field vector interactions, but allow mass terms to be generated consistent from a scalar mean field consistent with the additive quark model for quark masses. Quarkyonic matter is composed of a shell of nucleons that under-occupy the total available phase space associated with the underlying quark degrees of freedom. The fully occupied Fermi sphere beneath this shell of nucleons at high densities is thought of as quarks, but when this fully occupied distribution of states first appears, although the phase space is filled, the matter is at low density. For the transition between this low density and high density saturated matter, we advocate a dual description of the fully filled Fermi sea in terms of hadrons, and make a phenomenological hypothesis for the equation of state of this matter. We then proceed to an example where the mean field interactions are all vector and only associated with the nucleons, ignoring the effects of mass change associated with the scalar interactions. Except for the effects of Pauli blocking, the nucleons and quarks do not interact. To get a reasonable transition to Quarkyonic matter the interaction of the quarks among themselves are assumed to be non-perturbative, and a simple phenomenological relation between quark Fermi energy and density is introduced.
↳ nucl-thhep-phPRC(2023)·13 citations
18*
Running vacuum in Brans-Dicke theory: a possible cure for the $σ_{8}$ and $H_{0}$ tensions
Javier de Cruz Perez🇺🇸 · Joan Sola Peracaula🇪🇸
Extensions of the gravitational framework of Brans-Dicke (BD) are studied by considering two different scenarios: i) `BD- $Λ$ CDM', in which a rigid cosmological constant, $Λ$ , is included, thus constituting a BD version of the vanilla concordance $Λ$ CDM model (the current standard model of cosmology with flat three-dimensional geometry), and ii) `BD-RVM', a generalization of i) in which the vacuum energy density (VED), $ρ_{vac}$ , is a running quantity evolving with the square of the Hubble rate: $δ ρ_{vac} (H) \propto ν m_{Pl}^{2} (H^{2} - H_{0}^{2})$ (with $∣ ν ∣ ≪ 1$ ). This dynamical scenario is motivated by recent studies of quantum field theory (QFT) in curved spacetime, which lead to the running vacuum model (RVM). We solve the background as well as the perturbation equations for each cosmological model and test their performance against the modern wealth of cosmological data, namely a compilation of the latest SNIa+ $H (z)$ +BAO+LSS+CMB observations. We utilize the AIC and DIC statistical information criteria in order to determine if they can fit better the observations than the concordance model. The two BD extensions are tested by considering three different datasets. According to the AIC and DIC criteria, both BD extensions i) and ii) are competitive, but the second one (the BD-RVM scenario) is particularly favored when it is compared with the vanilla model. This fact may indicate that the current observations favor a mild dynamical evolution of the Newtonian coupling $G_{N}$ as well as of the VED. This is in agreement with recent studies suggesting that the combination of these two features can be favorable for a possible resolution of the $σ_{8}$ and $H_{0}$ tensions. In this work, we show that the Brans-Dicke theory with running vacuum has the potential to alleviate the two tensions at the same time.
↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phhep-thPhys.Dark Univ.(2024)·48 citations
19*
Refined Gribov-Zwanziger theory coupled to scalar fields in the Landau gauge
Gustavo P. de Brito🇩🇰 · Philipe De Fabritiis🇧🇷 · Antonio D. Pereira🇧🇷
The Refined Gribov-Zwanziger (RGZ) action in the Landau gauge accounts for the existence of infinitesimal Gribov copies as well as the dynamical formation of condensates in the infrared of Euclidean Yang-Mills theories. We couple scalar fields to the RGZ action and compute the one-loop scalar propagator in the adjoint representation of the gauge group. We compare our findings with existing lattice data. The fate of BRST symmetry in this model is discussed, and we provide a comparison to a previous proposal for a non-minimal coupling between matter and the RGZ action. We find good agreement with the lattice data of the scalar propagator for the values of the mass parameters that fit the RGZ gluon propagator to the lattice. This suggests that the non-perturbative information carried by the gluon propagator in the RGZ framework provides a suitable mechanism to reproduce the behavior of correlation functions of colored matter fields in the infrared.
↳ hep-thhep-lathep-phPRD(2023)·9 citations
20*
The cosmological constant, dark matter, and other unsolved problems from a fresh perspective
Roland E. Allen🇺🇸
Quantum theory, general relativity, the standard model of particle physics, and the $Λ$ CDM model of cosmology have all been spectacularly successful within their respective regimes of applicability, but many central problems remain unsolved. Here we propose a fresh perspective on these problems, based on a description which has elements in common with other efforts toward a fundamental theory, since it also is based on higher dimensions (with an internal space), a form of supersymmetry, important topological structures, and the implication of a multiverse: Our universe is topologically stable because it contains the product of two vortex-like (or instanton-like) configurations of a primordial condensate -- one in 4-dimensional external spacetime, with the big bang at its origin, and the second in a 10-dimensional internal space which yields an SO(10) gauge theory. A third 3-dimensional internal space yields family replication. The arguments leading up to and following this basic picture imply a radically modified view of many unsolved problems and related issues, including the absence of an enormous cosmological constant, the nature of dark matter, the origin of supersymmetry, the origin of Lorentz invariance, the origin of gravitational and gauge interactions, the gravitational metric and its signature, the fundamental action for fermionic and bosonic fields, the regularization of quantum gravity, the origin of quantum fields, the origin of spacetime coordinates, the entropy of black holes, and the probability interpretation of quantum mechanics. Among other near-term predictions, the calculations of Tallman et al. for the dark matter WIMP based on these ideas show that it should be observable at the high-luminosity LHC, nominally at the 5 $σ$ level with 500 fb $^{- 1}$ of integrated luminosity, and it may already have been observed by Fermi-LAT and AMS-02.
↳ physics.gen-phhep-phhep-th0 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.