Thu·Jan 26, 2023Thursday·January 26, 2023

1. 01*

   Determination of diffractive PDFs from global QCD analysis of inclusive diffractive DIS and dijet cross-section measurements at HERA

   Maral Salajegheh🇩🇪 · Hamzeh Khanpour🇮🇷 · Ulf-G. Meißner🇩🇪 · Hadi Hashamipour🇮🇷 · Maryam Soleymaninia🇮🇷

   We present an updated set of {\tt SKMHS} diffractive parton distribution functions (PDFs). In addition to the diffractive deep-inelastic scattering (diffractive DIS) data sets, the recent diffractive dijet cross sections measurements by the H1 experiment from the HERA collider are added to the data sample. The new set of diffractive PDFs, entitled {\tt SKMHS23} and {\tt SKMHS23-dijet}, are presented at next-to-leading order (NLO) and next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) accuracy in perturbative QCD. Since the gluons directly contribute to jet production through the boson-gluon fusion process, the data on diffractive dijet production in inclusive DIS help to constrain the gluon density, allowing for the determination of both the quark and gluon densities with better accuracy. The NLO and NNLO theory predictions calculated using both {\tt SKMHS23} and {\tt SKMHS23-dijet} are compared to the analyzed data showing excellent agreements. The effect arising from the inclusion of diffractive dijet data and higher order QCD corrections on the extracted diffractive PDFs and data/theory agreements are clearly examined and discussed.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·10 citations
2. 02*

   Single-charged Higgs boson in $W^{\pm }{H}^{\mp }$ associated production within the 2HDMs

   A. Arhrib🇲🇦 · R. Benbrik🇲🇦 · M. Krab🇲🇦 · B. Manaut🇲🇦 · M. Ouchemhou🇲🇦 · Qi-Shu Yan🇨🇳

   In this contribution, the likelihood of seeing charged Higgs and $W$ boson production in the context of 2HDMs type-I and type-X at the LHC is examined, assuming that either $h$ or $H$ resembles the detected resonance around $\sim 125$ GeV. We consider the possibility of the charged Higgs boson decays channels through $H^{\pm }\to W^{\pm }{h}_i/A$, focusing on the $b\bar{b}$ and $\tau \tau$ decays of $h_i$ and $A$. In both type-I and type-X insights of the 2HDMs, we investigate the potential fingerprints resulting from the previously mentioned charged Higgs production and decay. We find in our study that these signatures can have sizable rates at low $\tan \beta$ as long as the condition $M_{H^{\pm }}<m_t-m_b$ is met. As a result, we propose the $bb$ and $\tau \tau$ final states associated with $WW$ as an encouraging experimental avenue that would complement the LHC search for a charged Higgs boson.

   hep-phPoS(2024)·0 citations
3. 03*

   Deep learning predicted elliptic flow of identified particles in heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC and LHC energies

   Neelkamal Mallick🇮🇳 · Suraj Prasad🇮🇳 · Aditya Nath Mishra🇮🇳 · Raghunath Sahoo🇮🇳 · Gergely Gábor Barnaföldi🇭🇺

   Recent developments on a deep learning feed-forward network for estimating elliptic flow ($v_2$) coefficients in heavy-ion collisions have shown us the prediction power of this technique. The success of the model is mainly the estimation of $v_2$ from final state particle kinematic information and learning the centrality and the transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) dependence of $v_2$. The deep learning model is trained with Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02$ TeV minimum bias events simulated with a multiphase transport model (AMPT). We extend this work to estimate $v_2$ for light-flavor identified particles such as ${\pi }^{\pm }$, ${\mathrm{K}}^{\pm }$, and $\mathrm{p}+\bar{\mathrm{p}}$ in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. The number of constituent quark (NCQ) scaling is also shown. The evolution of $p_{\mathrm{T}}$-crossing point of $v_2(p_{\mathrm{T}})$, depicting a change in meson-baryon elliptic flow at intermediate-$p_{\mathrm{T}}$, is studied for various collision systems and energies. The model is further evaluated by training it for different $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ regions. These results are compared with the available experimental data wherever possible.

   hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRD(2023)·23 citations
4. 04*

   A Chern-Simons model for baryon asymmetry

   Risto Raitio🇫🇮

   In search of a phenomenological model that would describe physics from Big Bang to the Standard Model (SM), we propose a model with the following properties (i) above an energy about Lambda_{cr} > 10^{16} GeV there are Wess-Zumino supersymmetric preons and Chern-Simons (CS) fields, (ii) at Lambda_{cr} ~ 10^{16} GeV spontaneous gauge symmetry breaking takes place in the CS model and the generated topological mass providing attractive interaction to equal charge preons, and (iii) well below 10^{16} GeV the model reduces to the standard model with essentially pointlike quarks and leptons, having a radius ~ 10^{-31} m. The baryon asymmetry turns out to have a fortuitous ratio n_B/n_gamma << 1.

   hep-phNPB(2023)·5 citations
5. 05*

   The formal seesaw mechanism of Majorana neutrinos with unbroken gauge symmetry

   Zhi-zhong Xing🇨🇳

   We reformulate the canonical seesaw mechanism in the case that the electroweak gauge symmetry is unbroken, and show that it can "formally" work and allow us to derive an exact seesaw formula for the light and heavy Majorana neutrinos. We elucidate the reason why there is a mismatch between the mass eigenstates of heavy Majorana neutrinos associated with thermal leptogenesis and those associated with the seesaw framework, and establish the exact and explicit relations between the "original" and "derivational" seesaw parameters by using an Euler-like parametrization of the $6\times 6$ active-sterile flavor mixing matrix.

   hep-phNPB(2023)·8 citations
6. 06*

   A new puzzle in non-leptonic B decays

   Aritra Biswas🇪🇸 · Sebastien Descotes-Genon🇫🇷 · Joaquim Matias🇪🇸 · Gilberto Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi🇩🇪

   We build a set of new observables using closely related non-leptonic penguin-mediated $B_d$ and $B_s$ decays: ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to K^{\ast 0}{\bar{K}}^{\ast 0}$, ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to K^0{\bar{K}}^0$, ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to K^0{\bar{K}}^{\ast 0}$ and ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to {\bar{K}}^0{K}^{\ast 0}$ together with their CP conjugate partners. These optimised observables are designed to reduce hadronic uncertainties, mainly coming from form factors and power-suppressed infrared divergences, and thus maximize their sensitivity to New Physics (NP). The deviations observed with respect to the SM in the ratios of branching ratios of ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to K^{\ast 0}{\bar{K}}^{\ast 0}$ ($2.6\sigma$) and ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to K^0{\bar{K}}^0$ ($2.4\sigma$) can be explained by simple NP scenarios involving the Wilson coefficients ${\mathcal{C}}_4$ and ${\mathcal{C}}_6$ (QCD penguin operators) and the coefficient ${\mathcal{C}}_{8g}$ (chromomagnetic operator). The optimised observables for ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to K^0{\bar{K}}^{\ast 0}$ and ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to {\bar{K}}^0{K}^{\ast 0}$ show distinctive patterns of deviations with respect to their SM predictions under these NP scenarios. The pattern of deviations of individual branching ratios, though affected by significant hadronic uncertainties, suggests that NP is needed both in $b\to d$ and $b\to s$ transitions. We provide the regions for the Wilson coefficients consistent with both optimised observables and individual branching ratios. The NP scenarios considered to explain the deviations of ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to K^{\ast 0}{\bar{K}}^{\ast 0}$ and ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to K^0{\bar{K}}^0$ can yield deviations up to an order of magnitude among the observables that we introduced for ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to K^0{\bar{K}}^{\ast 0}$ and ${\bar{B}}_{d,s}\to {\bar{K}}^0{K}^{\ast 0}$. Probing these new observables experimentally may confirm the consistency of the deviations already observed and provide a highly valuable hint of NP in the non-leptonic sector.

   hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·29 citations
7. 07*

   Causality violation and the speed of sound of hot and dense quark matter in the Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model

   Arthur E. B. Pasqualotto🇧🇷 · Ricardo L. S. Farias🇧🇷 · William R. Tavares🇧🇷 · Sidney S. Avancini🇧🇷 · Gastão Krein🇧🇷

   The Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model is widely used to study strong-interaction phenomena in vacuum and quark matter. Since the model is nonrenormalizable, one needs to work within a specific regularization scheme to obtain finite results. Here we show that a commonly used cutoff regularization scheme leads to unphysical results, such as superluminal speed of sound and wrong high-temperature behavior of the specific heat and other thermodynamical quantities. Such a troublesome feature of the cutoff regularization invalidates the model for temperature and baryon density values relevant to the phenomenology of heavy-ion collisions and compact stars. We show that the source of the problems stems from cutting off momentum modes in finite integrals depending on thermal distribution functions in the grand canonical potential. The problems go away when taking into account the full momentum range of those integrals. Explicit examples are worked out in the SU(2)-flavor version of the model.

   hep-phhep-lathep-thnucl-thPRD(2023)·23 citations
8. 08*

   Hadrophobic Axion from GUT

   Fuminobu Takahashi🇯🇵 · Wen Yin🇯🇵

   We propose a new kind of axion model derived from the Grand Unified Theory (GUT) based on $SU(5)\times U(1{)}_{\mathrm{PQ}}$. We demonstrate that, given a certain charge assignment and potential flavor models, the axion is naturally hadrophobic and provides a novel explanation for the required condition using isospin symmetry. This axion can be the QCD axion that solves the strong CP problem. Furthermore, to satisfy the limit on the axion-electron coupling from the tip of the red giant branch, we impose the condition of electrophobia to determine a possible PQ charge assignment consistent with GUT. We then discuss the possibility that the hadrophobic and electrophobic axion serves as an inflaton and dark matter, as in the ALP miracle scenario. Interestingly, in the viable parameter region, the strong CP phase must be suppressed, providing another solution to the strong CP problem. This scenario is intimately linked to flavor physics, dark matter searches, and stellar cooling. Detecting such an axion with peculiar couplings in various experiments would serve as a probe for GUT and the origin of flavor.

   hep-phastro-ph.COhep-exPRD(2024)·23 citations
9. 09*

   Oscillating nuclear charge radii as sensors for ultralight dark matter

   Abhishek Banerjee🇮🇱 · Dmitry Budker🇩🇪 · Melina Filzinger🇩🇪 · Nils Huntemann🇩🇪 · Gil Paz🇺🇸 · Gilad Perez🇮🇱 · Sergey Porsev🇺🇸 · Marianna Safronova🇺🇸

   We show that coupling of ultralight dark matter (UDM) to quarks and gluons would lead to an oscillation of the nuclear charge radius for both the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) axion and scalar dark matter. Consequently, the resulting oscillation of electronic energy levels could be resolved with optical atomic clocks, and their comparisons can be used to investigate UDM-nuclear couplings, which were previously only accessible with other platforms. We demonstrate this idea using the ${}^2{S}_{1/2}(F=0)\leftrightarrow {}^2{F}_{7/2}(F=3)$ electric octupole and ${}^2{S}_{1/2}(F=0)\leftrightarrow {}^2{D}_{3/2}(F=2)$ electric quadrupole transitions in ${}^{171}Y{b}^{+}$. Based on the derived sensitivity coefficients for these two transitions and a long-term comparison of their frequencies using a single trapped ${}^{171}Y{b}^{+}$ ion, we find bounds on the scalar UDM-nuclear couplings and the QCD axion decay constant. These results are at a similar level compared to the tightest spectroscopic limits, and future investigations, also with other optical clocks, promise significant improvements.

   hep-phphysics.atom-phPRL(2025)·43 citations
10. 10*

    Flavor Physics Constraints on Left-Right Symmetric Models with Universal Seesaw

    Ritu Dcruz🇺🇸

    We study the phenomenological constraints on the parameter space in the parity symmetric scenario of a class of left-right symmetric models in which the fermion masses are generated through a universal seesaw mechanism. The model, motivated by the axionless solution to the strong $\mathcal{C}\mathcal{P}$ problem, has a simple Higgs sector consisting of left- and right-handed doublets. The fermion masses are then generated through their mixing with heavy vector-like fermions, which leads to flavor changing neutral currents arising at tree-level and also introduces non-unitarity in the charged current interactions. These new contributions lead to flavor and flavor universality violating processes and forbidden decays, which are used to derive constraints on the parameter space of the model. We also argue that although the model has the potential to resolve flavor anomalies, it fails to do so in the case of B-anomalies $R_{K^{(\ast )}}$ and anomalous magnetic moment of muon $(g-2{)}_{\mu }$.

    hep-phNPB(2024)·13 citations
11. 11*

    Remark on modular weights in low-energy effective field theory from type II string theory

    Shota Kikuchi🇯🇵 · Tatsuo Kobayashi🇯🇵 · Kaito Nasu🇯🇵 · Hajime Otsuka🇯🇵 · Shohei Takada🇯🇵 · Hikaru Uchida🇯🇵

    We revisit the modular weights in type IIB magnetized D-brane models. The simple analysis of wave function shows that the four-dimensional matter fields have the modular weight -1/2, but it may shift as one in type IIA intersecting D-brane models. For example, the localized gauge flux as well as the localized curvature can shift the modular weight in the magnetized D-brane models. Such corrections do not affect physical couplings such as physical Yukawa couplings. However, it leads to differences in supersymmetry breaking sfermion masses, which depend on the modular weights, although the $A$-term coefficients and the sum of sfermion masses squared seem to be the same between two models.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phJHEP(2023)·12 citations
12. 12*

    Black hole perturbations in Maxwell-Horndeski theories

    Ryotaro Kase🇯🇵 · Shinji Tsujikawa🇯🇵

    We study the linear stability of black holes in Maxwell-Horndeski theories where a $U(1)$ gauge-invariant vector field is coupled to a scalar field with the Lagrangian of full Horndeski theories. The perturbations on a static and spherically symmetric background can be decomposed into odd- and even-parity modes under the expansion of spherical harmonics with multipoles $l$. For $l\ge 2$, the odd-parity sector contains two propagating degrees of freedom associated with the gravitational and vector field perturbations. In the even-parity sector, there are three dynamical perturbations arising from the scalar field besides the gravitational and vector field perturbations. For these five propagating degrees of freedom, we derive conditions for the absence of ghost/Laplacian stabilities along the radial and angular directions. We also discuss the stability of black holes for $l=0$ and $l=1$, in which case no additional conditions are imposed to those obtained for $l\ge 2$. We apply our general results to Einstein-Maxwell-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet theory and Einstein-Born-Infeld-dilaton gravity and show that hairy black hole solutions present in these theories can be consistent with all the linear stability conditions. In regularized four-dimensional Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with a Maxwell field, however, exact charged black hole solutions known in the literature are prone to instabilities of even-parity perturbations besides a strong coupling problem with a vanishing kinetic term of the radion mode.

    ↳ gr-qchep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·31 citations
13. 13*

    Precision Control in Lattice Calculation of $x$-dependent Pion Distribution Amplitude

    Jack Holligan🇺🇸 · Xiangdong Ji🇺🇸 · Huey-Wen Lin🇺🇸 · Yushan Su🇺🇸 · Rui Zhang🇺🇸

    We present a new Bjorken $x$-dependence analysis of a previous lattice quantum chromodynamics data for the pion distribution amplitude from MILC configurations with three lattice spacing $a=0.06,0.09,0.12$~fm. A leading renormalon resummation in renormalization as well as the perturbative matching kernel in the framework of large momentum expansion generates the power accuracy of the matching to the light-cone amplitude. Meanwhile, a small momentum log resummation is implemented for both the quark momentum $x{P}_z$ and the antiquark momentum $(1-x)P_z$ inside a meson of boost momentum $P_z$ up to 1.72 GeV along the $z$ direction, allowing us to have more accurate determination of the $x$-dependence in the middle range. Finally, we use the complementarity between the short-distance factorization and the large momentum expansion to constrain the endpoint regions $x\sim 0,1$, thus obtaining the full-range $x$-dependence of the amplitude.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phnucl-thNPB(2023)·48 citations
14. 14*

    The fate of infrared divergences in a finite formulation of field theory: QED revisited

    Jean-François Mathiot🇫🇷

    Within the framework of the recently proposed Taylor-Lagrange regularization procedure, we reanalyze the calculation of radiative corrections in $QED$ at next to leading order. Starting from a well defined local bare Lagrangian, the use of this regularization procedure enables us to manipulate fully finite elementary amplitudes in the ultra-violet as well as infra-red regimes, in physical $D=4$ space-time dimensions and for physical massless photons, as required by gauge invariance. We can thus separately calculate the electromagnetic form factors of the electron and the cross-section for real photon emission, each quantity being finite in these physical conditions. We then discuss the renormalization group equations within this regularization procedure. Thanks to the taming of infra-red divergencies, the renormalization group equation associated to the (physical) effective charge exhibits an ultra-violet stable fixed point at ${\alpha }^{\ast }=0$, showing an asymptotic freedom type behavior. We finally consider the case of two mass scales, one low and one heavy, paying particular attention to the natural decoupling properties between heavy and light degrees-of-freedom. As a direct consequence, the fine structure constant should be zero in the limit of massless electrons.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2022)·0 citations
15. 15*

    Hybrid star phenomenology from the properties of the special point

    Christoph Gärtlein🇵🇹 · Oleksii Ivanytskyi🇵🇱 · Violetta Sagun🇵🇹 · David Blaschke🇵🇱

    We study the properties of hybrid stars containing a color superconducting quark matter phase in their cores, which is described by the chirally symmetric formulation of the confining relativistic density functional approach. It is shown that depending on the dimensionless vector and diquark couplings of quark matter, the characteristics of the deconfinement phase transition are varied, allowing us to study the relation between those characteristics and mass-radius relations of hybrid stars. Moreover, we show that the quark matter equation of state (EoS) can be nicely fitted by the Alford-Braby-Paris-Reddy model that gives a simple functional dependence between the most important parameters of the EoS and microscopic parameters of the initial Lagrangian. Based on it, we analyze the special points of the mass-radius diagram in which several mass-radius curves intersect. Using the found empirical relation between the mass of the special point, the maximum mass of the mass-radius curve, and the onset mass of quark deconfinement, we constrain the range of values of the vector and diquark couplings of the quark matter model. With this constraint, we construct a family of mass-radius curves, which allow us to describe the black widow pulsar PSR J0952-0607 with a mass of $2.35\pm 0.17{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$ as a hybrid star with a color superconducting quark matter core.

    ↳ nucl-thastro-ph.HEhep-phPRD(2023)·26 citations
16. 16*

    Roles of fast neutrino-flavor conversion on the neutrino-heating mechanism of core-collapse supernova

    Hiroki Nagakura🇯🇵

    One of the greatest uncertainties in any modeling of inner engine of core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is neutrino flavor conversions driven by neutrino self-interactions. We carry out large-scale numerical simulations of multi-energy, multi-angle, three-flavor framework, and general relativistic quantum kinetic neutrino transport in spherical symmetry with an essential set of neutrino-matter interactions under a realistic fluid profile of CCSN. Our result suggests that the neutrino heating in the gain region is reduced by $\sim 40\%$ due to fast neutrino-flavor conversion (FFC). We also find that the total luminosity of neutrinos is enhanced by $\sim 30\%$, for which the substantial increase of heavy-leptonic neutrinos by FFCs are mainly responsible. This study provides evidence that FFC has a significant impact on the delayed neutrino-heating mechanism.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-phnucl-thPRL(2023)·97 citations
17. 17*

    Tetrions: a discrete approach to the standard model

    Robert A. Wilson🇬🇧

    I show how the symmetry-breaking of a recently proposed embedding of the standard model of particle physics in $E_8$ can be explained in terms of the representation theory of the binary tetrahedral group. This finite group provides a link between various types of spin and isospin that can be exploited to `explain' the chirality of the weak interaction, and the existence of three generations of fermions. Two apparently small technical differences between the finite group model and the standard model turn out to have profound consequences for the ways in which the weak and strong forces create mass.

    ↳ physics.gen-phhep-ph1 citation

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.