Tue·Jan 24, 2023Tuesday·January 24, 2023

1. 01*

   Heating Neutron Stars with Inelastic Dark Matter and Relativistic Targets

   Gerardo Alvarez🇺🇸 · Aniket Joglekar🇫🇷 · Mehrdad Phoroutan-Mehr🇺🇸 · Hai-Bo Yu🇺🇸

   The dense environment of neutron stars makes them an excellent target for probing dark matter interactions with the Standard Model. We study neutron star heating from capture of inelastic dark matter, which can evade direct detection constraints. We investigate kinematics of the inelastic scattering process between quasirelativistic dark matter particles and ultrarelativistic targets in neutron stars, and derive analytical expressions for the maximal mass gap allowed for the scattering to occur. We implement them into a fully relativistic formalism for calculating the capture rate and apply it to various scenarios of inelastic dark matter. The projected constraints from neutron stars can systematically surpass those from terrestrial searches, including direct detection and collider experiments. Neutron stars can also be sensitive to the parameter space of inelastic self-interacting dark matter. Our results indicate that extreme astrophysical environments, such as neutron stars, are an important target for searching dark matter.

   hep-phastro-ph.HEPRD(2023)·36 citations
2. 02*

   On x-independence of RQ = FLQ/F2Q ratio at low x

   N.A. Abdulov🇷🇺 · A.V. Kotikov🇷🇺 · A.V. Lipatov🇷🇺

   We give predictions for the ratio RQ(x,Q2)=FLQ(x,Q2)/F2Q(x,Q2) at small values of Bjorken variable x in the first three orders of perturbation theory. We show an approximate x-independence of RQ(x,Q2) at low x and non-large Q2 values (Q2 < 8--10 m2Q), irrespectively on the gluon density in a proton used in the calculations. This observation could be useful in subsequent phenomenological studies of the heavy flavor production at future lepton-hadron and hadron-hadron colliders.

   hep-phPisma Zh.Eksp.Teor.Fiz.(2023)·5 citations
3. 03*

   `CP in the Dark' and a Strong First-Order Electroweak Phase Transition

   Lisa Biermann🇩🇪 · Margarete Mühlleitner🇩🇪 · Jonas Müller🇩🇪

   We investigate the potential of the model `CP in the Dark' for providing a strong first-order electroweak phase transition (SFOEWPT) by taking into account all relevant theoretical and experimental constraints. For the derivation of the strength of the phase transition we use the one-loop corrected, daisy-resummed effective potential at finite temperature, implemented in the C++ code BSMPT, to determine the global minimum at the critical temperature. The model `CP in the Dark' provides a dark matter (DM) candidate as well as explicit CP violation in the dark sector. We find a broad range of viable parameter points providing an SFOEWPT. They are within the reach of XENON1T and future invisible Higgs decay searches for DM. `CP in the Dark' also offers SFOEWPT points that feature spontaneous CP violation at finite temperature. Having not only an SFOEWPT that provides the necessary departure from thermal equilibrium, but also a source of additional non-standard CP violation, opens a promising gate towards enabling the generation of the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU) through electroweak baryogenesis.

   hep-phPoS(2024)·2 citations
4. 04*

   Gluon generalized parton distributions and angular momentum in a light-cone spectator model

   Chentao Tan🇨🇳 · Zhun Lu🇨🇳

   We study the leading twist gluon generalized parton distributions (GPDs) and the gluon angular momentum inside the proton within a light-cone spectator model. Using the light-cone wave functions derived from the model, we provide the expressions of these distributions at the particular kinematical point $\xi =0$ in the overlap representation. The numerical results of the $H^g$, $E^g$, ${\tilde{H}}^g$, $H_T^g$ and $E_T^g$ as functions of $x$ at different ${\Delta }_T$ are presented. Particularly, $H^g$, ${\tilde{H}}^g$ at non-zero ${\Delta }_T$ are different from their forward counterparts, the unpolarized distribution $f_1^g$ and the helicity distribution $g_1^g$, respectively. We also obtain the total angular momentum of the gluon contributed to the proton spin $J^g=0.19$, which is consistent with the recent lattice calculation after the uncertainties is considered. The kinetic orbital angular momentum is also calculated and is negative in our model.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·20 citations
5. 05*

   Responses of quark-antiquark interaction and heavy quark dynamics to magnetic field

   He-Xia Zhang🇨🇳 · Enke Wang🇨🇳

   We investigate the impact of the magnetic field generated by colliding nuclei on heavy quark-antiquark interactions and heavy quark dynamics in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). By means of hard-thermal-loop resummation technique combined with dimension-two gluon condensates, the static heavy quark potential and heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient, which incorporate both perturbative and non-perturbative interactions between heavy quarks and the QGP medium, are computed beyond the lowest Landau level approximation. We find that the imaginary part of the heavy quark potential in the magnetic field exhibits significant anisotropy. Specifically, the absolute value of the imaginary part is larger when the quark-antiquark separation is aligned perpendicular to the magnetic field direction, compared to when it is aligned parallel to the magnetic field direction. The heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient in the magnetized QGP medium also becomes anisotropic. As the temperature rises, the influence of higher Landau levels becomes increasingly significant, resulting in a decrease in the anisotropy ratio of the heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient to values even below 1. At sufficiently high temperatures, this ratio ultimately approaches 1. The non-perturbative interactions are indispensable for understanding heavy quark dynamics in the low-temperature region. We also study the response of viscous quark matter to the magnetic field and explore its implications for heavy quark potential, thermal decay widths of quarkonium states, as well as heavy quark momentum diffusion coefficient.

   hep-phPRD(2024)·4 citations
6. 06*

   Separating signal from combinatorial jets in a high background environment

   P. Steffanic🇺🇸 · C. Hughes🇺🇸 · C. Nattrass🇺🇸

   We study procedures for discriminating combinatorial jets in a high background environment, such as a heavy ion collision, from signal jets arising from a hard-scattering. We investigate a population of jets clustered from a combined PYTHIA+TennGen event, focusing on jets which can unambiguously be classified as signal or combinatorial jets. By selecting jets based on their kinematic properties, we investigate whether it is possible to separate signal and combinatorial jets without biasing the signal population significantly. We find that, after a loose selection on the jet area, surviving combinatorial jets are dominantly imposters, combinatorial jets with properties indistinguishable from signal jets. We also find that, after a loose selection on the leading hadron momentum, surviving combinatorial jets are still dominantly imposters. We use rule extraction, a machine learning technique, to extract an optimal kinematic selection from a random forest trained on our population of jets. In general, this technique found a stricter kinematic selection on the jet's leading hadron momentum to be optimal. We find that it is possible to suppress combinatorial jets significantly using this machine learning based selection, but that some signal is removed as well. Due to this stricter kinematic selection, we find that the surviving signal is biased towards quark-like jets. Since similar selections are used in many measurements, this indicates that those measurements are biased towards quark-like jets as well. These studies should motivate an increased emphasis on assumptions made when suppressing and subtracting combinatorial background and the biases introduced by methods for doing so.

   hep-phnucl-exPRC(2023)·4 citations
7. 07*

   NLOAccess: automated online computations for collider physics

   Carlo Flore🇫🇷

   We present NLOAccess, an online platform acting as a virtual access to automated perturbative computations of physical observables related to collider physics within collinear factorisation. We discuss the design of the project and illustrate how, with few steps and without any need of pre-code or code compilation, a user can generate events and calculate cross sections related for instance to quarkonium production and/or heavy-ion collisions at leading and next-to-leading order in ${\alpha }_s$ using MadGraph5_aMC@NLO or HELAC-Onia. Finally, we report about the obtained results in terms of number of users and runs, and we illustrate the future plans of the project.

   hep-phnucl-thphysics.comp-phEPJA(2023)·5 citations
8. 08*

   Axion and the Supermassive Black Holes at high $z$

   Takeshi Fukuyama🇯🇵

   Axion dark matter (DM) is studied on the formation of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at high red shift $z$. It is shown that the attractive self interaction of this DM may solve the tension between the high angular momentum of SMBH and its early time formation. We consider the ultra-light axion DM around $O(10^{-21})$ eV as its origin, which may also cause nano-Hz stochastic gravitational wave background recently observed.

   hep-phastro-ph.GAInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2023)·9 citations
9. 09*

   Vacuum stability conditions of the general two-Higgs-doublet potential

   Yisheng Song🇨🇳

   In this paper, we present the novel analytical expressions for the bounded-from-below or the vacuum stability conditions of scalar potential for a general CP violating two-Higgs-doublet model by using the concepts of co-positivity and the gauge orbit spaces. More precisely, several analyticial sufficient conditions and necessary conditions are established for the vacuum stability of the general 2HDM potential, respectively. We also give an equivalent condition of the vacuum stability of the general 2HDM potential in theory, and then, apply it to derive the analyticial necessary conditions of the general 2HDM potential. Meanwhile, the positive semi-definiteness is proved for a class of 4th-order 2-dimensional complex tensor.

   hep-phMod.Phys.Lett.A(2023)·4 citations
10. 10*

    Two-dimensional charge distributions of the $\Delta$ baryon: Interpolation between the nonrelativistic and ultrarelativistic limit

    Ki-Hoon Hong🇰🇷 · June-Young Kim🇺🇸 · Hyun-Chul Kim🇰🇷

    We investigate how the charge distributions of both the unpolarized and transversely polarized $\Delta$ baryon change as the longitudinal momentum~($P_z$) of the $\Delta$ baryon increases from $P_z=0$ to $P_z=\infty$ in a Wigner phase-space perspective. When the $\Delta$ baryon is longitudinally polarized, its two-dimensional charge distribution is kept to be spherically symmetric with $P_z$ varied, whereas when the $\Delta$ baryon is transversely polarized along the $x$-axis, the quadrupole contribution emerges at the rest frame ($P_z=0$). When $P_z$ grows, the electric dipole and octupole moments are induced. The induced dipole moment dominates over other higher multipole contributions and governs the deformation of the charge distribution of the $\Delta$ baryon.

    hep-phPRD(2023)·8 citations
11. 11*

    Constraining SMEFT BSM scenarios with EWPO and ${\Delta }_{CKM}$

    Mathew Thomas Arun🇮🇳 · Kuldeep Deka🇮🇳 · Tripurari Srivastava🇮🇳

    Precision observables are well known for constraining most of the Beyond Standard Model (BSM) scenarios tightly. We present here a simple and comprehensive fitting framework for various BSM scenarios to these observables. We start with the fit of $S$, $T$ and $V$ parameter and their correlations using the Electroweak Precision Observables (EWPO) including the recent $m_W$ measurement from CDF-II. Utilizing these observables, we also fit various New Physics (NP) scenarios consisting of different subsets of dimension-6 Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) operators in the Warsaw basis out of a total of 10 appearing at tree level in EWPO. To further constrain these scenarios, we augment these observables with ${\Delta }_{CKM}$ measurement using 1-loop matching of the Low Energy Effective Field Theory (LEFT) to SMEFT operators at the Z-pole. We show that the inclusion of ${\Delta }_{CKM}$ constraint indeed results in stronger bounds on the SMEFT Wilson Coefficients. We also constrain the UV parameters of BSM extensions like Vectorlike leptons (VLL) and find out that such a minimal extension is in tension with the forward-backward asymmetry in $b$-sector ($A_b^{FB}$) and the recent measurement of $M_W$. In order to lift the two blind directions, which one encounters while fitting all the 10 SMEFT WCs at tree-level, we also include the LEP-II observables pertaining to the $WW$ production and present the results for the fits with and without ${\Delta }_{CKM}$ constraint.

    hep-phhep-exPramana(2025)·8 citations
12. 12*

    New vacuum stability limit from cosmological history

    Csaba Balázs🇦🇺 · Yang Xiao🇨🇳 · Jin Min Yang🇨🇳 · Yang Zhang🇨🇳

    The stability of the electroweak vacuum imposes important constraints on new physics models. Such new physics models may introduce one or more new thermal phases with a lower free energy than that of the electroweak vacuum. In this case, the early universe may stay or have already evolved into one of these deeper vacuum states. We investigate this possibility in detail in the singlet extension of the Standard Model, and delineate the corresponding constraints in its parameter space. We also discuss the situation in supersymmetry as another example. To account for the possibility that the universe is trapped in a non-electroweak vacuum, we propose a procedure of calculating the vacuum stability limit efficiently.

    hep-phastro-ph.CONPB(2024)·11 citations
13. 13*

    Manifestation of the electric dipole moment in the decays of $\tau$ leptons produced in $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation

    I. V. Obraztsov🇷🇺 · A. I. Milstein🇷🇺

    $\text{mbox}CP$-odd asymmetries in the processes $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\tau }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }$, $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\tau }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$, $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\tau }^{+}{\rho }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }$, $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\rho }^{+}{\tau }^{-}{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$, $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\tau }^{+}{e}^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }{\bar{\nu }}_e,$ and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\tau }^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu }_e{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$ are investigated with account for longitudinal polarization of electron (or positron) beam. These asymmetries is a manifestation of electric dipole form factor $F_3^{\tau }\equiv b$ in the $\gamma {\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ vertex. It is shown that, to measure $\text{mbox}Imb$ in the specified processes, polarization is not needed, while to measure $\text{mbox}Reb$ it is required. The processes $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\pi }^{+}{\pi }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }$, $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to e^{+}{e}^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }{\nu }_e{\bar{\nu }}_e$, $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }{\nu }_{\mu }{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$, $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{+}{e}^{-}{\nu }_{\tau }{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }{\nu }_{\mu }{\bar{\nu }}_e$, and $e^{+}{e}^{-}\to {\mu }^{-}{e}^{+}{\nu }_{\tau }{\bar{\nu }}_{\tau }{\nu }_e{\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$ are also discussed for the case of unpolarized electron and positron beams. In the latter cases it is possible to measure $\text{mbox}Reb$ using the differential cross section over momenta of both registered particles.

    hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·2 citations
14. 14*

    Can $1/N_c$ corrections destroy the saturation of dipole densities?

    Eugene Levin (UTFSM/Tel Aviv U.)🇮🇱

    In this paper we discuss a well known QCD result: the steep increase of Green's function for exchange of $n$ BFKL Pomerons $G_{n\text{pom}}\text{Lb}Y\text{Rb}\propto \exp \text{Lb}\frac{n^2}{N_c^2}{\Delta }_{\text{mbox}BFKL}Y\text{Rb}$ where $N_c$ is the number of colours ,Y is the rapidity and ${\Delta }_{\text{mbox}BFKL}$ is the intercept of the BFKL Pomeron. We consider this problem in the framework of the simple Pomeon models in zero transverse dimensions, which have two advantages :(i) they allow to take into account all shadowing corrections, including the summation of the Pomeron loops and (ii) they have the same as in QCD striking increase of $G_{n\text{pom}}\text{Lb}Y\text{Rb}$. We found that the strength of shadowing corrections is not enough to stop the increase of the scattering amplitude with energy in contradiction to the unitarity constraints. Hence, our answer to the question in the title is positive.We believe that we need to search an approach beyond of the BFKL Pomeron calculus to treat $1/N_c$ corrections in Colour Glass Condensate effective theory.

    hep-phEPJC(2023)·3 citations
15. 15*

    Diffractive structure function in the dipole picture

    G. Beuf🇵🇱 · H. Hänninen🇫🇮 · T. Lappi🇫🇮 · H. Mäntysaari🇫🇮 · Y. Mulian🇪🇸

    We calculate the contribution from the $q\bar{q}g$ component of a virtual photon state to the small-$x$ diffractive cross section in deep inelastic scattering in the saturation regime. The obtained cross section is finite by itself and a part of the full next-to-leading order result. We perform the calculation in exact kinematics in the eikonal limit, and show that the previously known high virtuality $Q^2$ and large invariant mass $M_X^2$ results for the structure functions can be extracted. We furthermore discuss the steps required to obtain the full next-to-leading order result.

    hep-phnucl-thActa Phys.Polon.Supp.(2023)·0 citations
16. 16*

    Dilepton production from hot and magnetized hadronic matter

    Rajkumar Mondal🇮🇳 · Nilanjan Chaudhuri🇮🇳 · Snigdha Ghosh🇮🇳 · Sourav Sarkar🇮🇳 · Pradip Roy🇮🇳

    The rate of dilepton emission from a magnetized hot hadronic medium is calculated in the framework of real time formalism of finite temperature field theory. We evaluate the one loop self-energy of neutral rho-meson containing thermo-magnetic propagators for the charged pions in the loop. The in-medium thermo-magnetic spectral function of rho obtained by solving the Dyson-Schwinger equation is shown to be proportional to the dilepton production rate. The study of the analytic structure of the neutral rho-meson spectral function in such a medium shows that in addition to the usual contribution coming from the Unitary cut beyond the two-pion threshold there is a non-trivial yield in the low invariant mass region originating due to the fact that the charged pions occupy different Landau levels before and after scattering with the neutral rho-meson and is purely a finite magnetic field effect.

    hep-phnucl-thPRD(2023)·13 citations
17. 17*

    Twist-4 T-even proton TMDs in the light-front quark-diquark model

    Shubham Sharma🇮🇳 · Harleen Dahiya🇮🇳

    We have dealt with the twist-4 T-even transverse momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs) for the case of proton in the light-front quark-diquark model (LFQDM). By decoding the unintegrated quark-quark correlator for the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS), we have specifically obtained the overlap form for the unpolarized \bigg($f_3^{\nu }(x,{\mathbf{p}}_{\perp }^2)$\bigg), longitudinally polarized \bigg($g_{3L}^{\nu }(x,{\mathbf{p}}_{\perp }^2),h_{3L}^{\perp \nu }(x,{\mathbf{p}}_{\perp }^2)$\bigg) and transversely polarized \bigg( $g_{3T}^{\nu }(x,{\mathbf{p}}_{\perp }^2),h_{3T}^{\nu }(x,{\mathbf{p}}_{\perp }^2)$ and $h_{3T}^{\nu \perp }(x,{\mathbf{p}}_{\perp }^2)$\bigg) proton TMDs. We have provided the explicit expressions for both the cases of the diquark being a scalar or a vector. Average transverse momenta and the average square transverse momenta for the TMDs have been calculated and the results have been tabulated with corresponding leading twist TMDs. In addition, the value of average transverse momentum and average square transverse momentum for TMD $f_3^{\nu }(x,{\mathbf{p}}_{\perp }^2)$ has been compared with the available light-front constituent quark model (LFCQM) results. From TMDs, we have also obtained and discussed the transverse momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMDPDFs). The model relations of the twist-4 T-even TMDs with the available leading twist T-even TMDs have also been obtained.

    hep-phInt.J.Mod.Phys.A(2022)·18 citations
18. 18*

    Synergy Between Hubble Tension Motivated Self-Interacting Neutrino and KeV-Sterile Neutrino Dark Matter

    Mansi Dhuria🇮🇳 · Abinas Pradhan🇮🇳

    The discrepancy between the value of Hubble constant measured by CMB observations and local low-redshift based observations has proposed many solutions which require the existence of Physics beyond Standard Model (SM). One of the interesting solutions is based on considering the strong self-interaction between Standard Model (SM) neutrinos through an additional scalar/vector mediator. Interestingly, the strong self-interaction between SM neutrinos also play an important role in obtaining KeV-sterile neutrino as a viable Dark Matter (DM) candidate through the famous Dodelson-Widrow mechanism. In this work, we have tried to find the synergy between the parameter space of active-sterile neutrino mixing vs mass of sterile neutrino allowed by Hubble tension solution and the requirement of getting KeV-sterile neutrino as DM candidate. Interestingly, we get a large amount of parameter space that is consistent with both the requirements and also free from X-Ray constraints. Finally, we have embedded this scenario in a consistent supersymmetric model of particle physics. In this framework, we have shown that the value of sterile neutrino mass, SM neutrino mass and the required mixing angle can be naturally obtained by considering the supersymmetry breaking scale to be around O(10) TeV. Thus, it would give an interesting testing ground for supersymmetry as well as signatures of Warm Dark Matter (WDM).

    hep-phastro-ph.COhep-thPRD(2023)·6 citations
19. 19*

    Matching and event-shape NNDL accuracy in parton showers

    Keith Hamilton🇬🇧 · Alexander Karlberg🇨🇭 · Gavin P. Salam🇬🇧 · Ludovic Scyboz🇬🇧 · Rob Verheyen🇬🇧

    To explore the interplay of NLO matching and next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) parton showers, we consider the simplest case of ${\gamma }^{\ast }$ and Higgs-boson decays to $q\bar{q}$ and $gg$ respectively. Not only should shower NLL accuracy be retained across observables after matching, but for global event-shape observables and the two-jet rate, matching can augment the shower in such a way that it additionally achieves next-to-next-to-double-logarithmic (NNDL) accuracy, a first step on the route towards general NNLL. As a proof-of-concept exploration of this question, we consider direct application of multiplicative matrix-element corrections, as well as simple implementations of MC@NLO and POWHEG-style matching. We find that the first two straightforwardly bring NNDL accuracy, and that this can also be achieved with POWHEG, although particular care is needed in the handover between POWHEG and the shower. Our study involves both analytic and numerical components and we also touch on some phenomenological considerations.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·29 citations
20. 20*

    Naturally astrophobic QCD axion

    Marcin Badziak🇵🇱 · Keisuke Harigaya🇺🇸

    We present a QCD axion model where the couplings of the axion to nucleons, electrons, and muons are naturally suppressed because of the appropriate choice of the Peccei-Quinn charges of the Standard Model fermions. We reexamine next-to-leading order corrections to the couplings of the axion with nucleons and photons and show that the axion decay constant may be as small as $10^7$ GeV. It is also possible to suppress the coupling with the photon so that the decay constant is even smaller and minimal axiogenesis works. In this scenario, the axion has a mass above 1 eV and may be directly detected via absorption of axion dark matter. Flavor-violating axion couplings are generically predicted in our model, but we show that they may be naturally and sufficiently suppressed. We discuss the implications of the hints for anomalous cooling in several stellar environments to our model.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·40 citations
21. 21*

    Understanding Jet Charge

    Zhong-Bo Kang🇺🇸 · Andrew J. Larkoski🇺🇸 · Jinghong Yang🇨🇳

    The jet charge is an old observable that has proven uniquely useful for discrimination of jets initiated by different flavors of light quarks, for example. In this Letter, we propose an approach to understanding the jet charge by establishing simple, robust assumptions that hold to good approximation non-perturbatively, such as isospin conservation and large particle multiplicity in the jets, forgoing any attempt at a perturbative analysis. From these assumptions, the jet charge distribution with fixed particle multiplicity takes the form of a Gaussian by the central limit theorem and whose mean and variance are related to fractional-power moments of single particle energy distributions. These results make several concrete predictions for the scaling of the jet charge with the multiplicity, explaining many of the results already in the literature, and new results we validate in Monte Carlo simulation.

    hep-phhep-exnucl-exnucl-thPRL(2023)·22 citations
22. 22*

    Slow and fast collective neutrino oscillations: Invariants and reciprocity

    Damiano F. G. Fiorillo🇩🇰 · Georg G. Raffelt🇩🇪

    The flavor evolution of a neutrino gas can show ''slow'' or ''fast'' collective motion. In terms of the usual Bloch vectors to describe the mean-field density matrices of a homogeneous neutrino gas, the slow two-flavor equations of motion (EOMs) are ${\dot{\mathbf{P}}}_{\omega }=(\omega \mathbf{B}+\mu \mathbf{P})\times {\mathbf{P}}_{\omega }$, where $\omega =\Delta m^2/2E$, $\mu =\sqrt{2}{G}_{\mathrm{F}}(n_{\nu }+n_{\bar{\nu }})$, $\mathbf{B}$ is a unit vector in the mass direction in flavor space, and $\mathbf{P}=\int d\omega {\mathbf{P}}_{\omega }$. For an axisymmetric angle distribution, the fast EOMs are ${\dot{\mathbf{D}}}_v=\mu ({\mathbf{D}}_0-v{\mathbf{D}}_1)\times {\mathbf{D}}_v$, where ${\mathbf{D}}_v$ is the Bloch vector for lepton number, $v=\cos \theta$ is the velocity along the symmetry axis, ${\mathbf{D}}_0=\int dv{\mathbf{D}}_v$, and ${\mathbf{D}}_1=\int dvv{\mathbf{D}}_v$. We discuss similarities and differences between these generic cases. Both systems can have pendulum-like instabilities (soliton solutions), both have similar Gaudin invariants, and both are integrable in the classical and quantum case. Describing fast oscillations in a frame comoving with ${\mathbf{D}}_1$ (which itself may execute pendulum-like motions) leads to transformed EOMs that are equivalent to an abstract slow system. These conclusions carry over to three flavors.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2023)·59 citations
23. 23*

    Sterile Neutrino Shape-shifting Caused by Dark Matter

    Hooman Davoudiasl🇺🇸 · Peter B. Denton🇺🇸

    Light sterile neutrinos with a mass of $\sim 1$ eV continue to be interesting due to multiple hints from terrestrial experiments. This simple hypothesis suffers from strong astrophysical constraints, in particular from the early universe as well as solar neutrinos. We develop a cosmologically viable proposal consistent with the terrestrial hints, as well as solar constraints, by sourcing the sterile neutrino's mass from ordinary matter via an ultralight scalar $\varphi$ which can also be the dark matter. In this scenario, the experimentally implied $\sim 1$ eV sterile neutrino mass is a local value and changes throughout spacetime.

    hep-phastro-ph.COPRD(2023)·38 citations
24. 24*

    Search for inelastic dark matter-nucleus scattering with the PICO-60 CF${}_3$I and C${}_3$F${}_8$ bubble chambers

    E. Adams🇨🇦 · B. Ali🇨🇿 · I. J. Arnquist🇺🇸 · D. Baxter🇺🇸 · E. Behnke🇺🇸 · M. Bressler🇺🇸 · B. Broerman🇨🇦 · C. J. Chen🇺🇸 · K. Clark🇨🇦 · J. I. Collar🇺🇸 · P. S. Cooper🇺🇸 · C. Cripe🇺🇸 and 43 other authors

    PICO bubble chambers have exceptional sensitivity to inelastic dark matter-nucleus interactions due to a combination of their extended nuclear recoil energy detection window from a few keV to $O$(100 keV) or more and the use of iodine as a heavy target. Inelastic dark matter-nucleus scattering is interesting for studying the properties of dark matter, where many theoretical scenarios have been developed. This study reports the results of a search for dark matter inelastic scattering with the PICO-60 bubble chambers. The analysis reported here comprises physics runs from PICO-60 bubble chambers using CF${}_3$I and C${}_3$F${}_8$. The CF${}_3$I run consisted of 36.8 kg of CF${}_3$I reaching an exposure of 3415 kg-day operating at thermodynamic thresholds between 7 and 20 keV. The C${}_3$F${}_8$ runs consisted of 52 kg of C${}_3$F${}_8$ reaching exposures of 1404 kg-day and 1167 kg-day running at thermodynamic thresholds of 2.45 keV and 3.29 keV, respectively. The analysis disfavors various scenarios, in a wide region of parameter space, that provide a feasible explanation of the signal observed by DAMA, assuming an inelastic interaction, considering that the PICO CF${}_3$I bubble chamber used iodine as the target material.

    ↳ astro-ph.COhep-exhep-phPRD(2023)·29 citations
25. 25*

    Mingling of the infrared and ultraviolet and the "cosmological constant" for interacting QFT in 2d

    André LeClair🇺🇸

    We propose a proper definition of the vacuum expectation value of the stress energy tensor $⟨0|T_{\mu \nu }|0⟩$ for integrable quantum field theories in two spacetime dimensions, which is the analog of the cosmological constant in 4d. For a wide variety of models, massive or massless, we show ${\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}=-m^2/2\mathfrak{g}$ exactly, where $\mathfrak{g}$ is a generalized coupling which we compute and $m$ is a basic mass scale. The kinds of models we consider are the massive sinh-Gordon and sine-Gordon theories and perturbations of the Yang-Lee and 3-state Potts models, pure $T\bar{T}$ perturbations of infra-red QFT's, and UV completions of the latter which are massless flows between UV and IR fixed points. In the massive case $m$ is the mass of the lightest particle and $\mathfrak{g}$ is related to parameters in the 2-body S-matrix. In some examples ${\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}=0$ due to an unbroken fractional supersymmetry. For massless cases, $m$ can be a scale of spontaneous symmetry breaking. The "cosmological constant problem" generically arises in the free field limit $\mathfrak{g}\to 0$, thus interactions can potentially resolve the problem at least for most cases considered in this paper. We speculate on extensions of these results to 4 spacetime dimensions and propose ${\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}=-m^4/2\mathfrak{g}$,however without integrability we cannot yet propose a precise manner in which to calculate $\mathfrak{g}$. Nevertheless, based on cosmological data on ${\rho }_{\mathrm{vac}}$, if $\mathfrak{g}\approx 1$ then the lightest mass particle is on the order of experimental values of proposed neutrino masses.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2023)·5 citations
26. 26*

    Electron-nucleus scattering in the NEUT event generator

    S. Dolan🇨🇭 · J. McElwee🇬🇧 · S. Bolognesi🇫🇷 · Y. Hayato🇯🇵 · K. McFarland🇺🇸 · G. Megias🇪🇸 · K. Niewczas🇵🇱 · L. Pickering🇬🇧 · J. Sobczyk🇵🇱 · L. Thompson🇬🇧 · C. Wret🇺🇸

    The NEUT event generator is a widely-used tool to simulate neutrino interactions for energies between 10s of MeV and a few TeV. NEUT plays a crucial role in neutrino oscillation analyses for the T2K and Hyper-K experiments, providing the primary simulation of the neutrino interactions whose final-state products are measured to infer the oscillation parameters. NEUT is also capable of simulating nucleon decay and hadron scattering. These proceedings present an expansion of NEUT to simulate electron scattering before showing comparisons to experimental measurements and using discrepancies to derive an empirical correction to NEUT's treatment of nuclear removal energy.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPhys.Sci.Forum(2023)·7 citations
27. 27*

    Compact Objects from Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

    Irvin Martinez🇿🇦

    Gravitational waves from merging compact objects provides the opportunity to explore the properties of black holes and neutron stars in the strong regime of gravity. It is therefore of interest to explore the theoretical model that accurately describes them. Using the coset construction, we build a worldline Effective Field Theory that is derived from symmetry principles, does not involve additional degrees of freedom, and describes the most general compact object allowed in an effective Einstein-Maxwell vierbein theory. Such extended object can be described by its mass, spin, charge and size effects: tides, polarization and dissipation. By recognizing the symmetry breaking pattern, we derive all the covariant building blocks and constraints to build up the relevant invariant operators in the action to all orders. The developed theory elucidates the description of compact objects as an Effective Field Theory.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.HEgr-qchep-ph2 citations
28. 28*

    Explaining Nonlinearities in Black Hole Ringdowns from Symmetries

    Alex Kehagias🇬🇷 · Davide Perrone🇨🇭 · Antonio Riotto🇨🇭 · Francesco Riva🇨🇭

    It has been recently pointed out that nonlinear effects are necessary to model the ringdown stage of the gravitational waveform produced by the merger of two black holes giving rise to a remnant Kerr black hole. We show that this nonlinear behaviour is explained, both on the qualitative and quantitative level, by near-horizon symmetries of the Kerr black hole within the Kerr/CFT correspondence.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPRD(2023)·48 citations
29. 29*

    Asymptotic freedom in a strongly interacting scalar quantum field theory in four Euclidean dimensions

    Jürgen Berges🇩🇪 · Razvan Gurau🇩🇪 · Thimo Preis🇩🇪

    We show that scalar quantum field theory in four Euclidean dimensions with global $O(N{)}^3$ symmetry and imaginary tetrahedral coupling is asymptotically free and bounded from below in the large-N limit. While the Hamiltonian is non-Hermitian, the full quantum effective action for the large-N theory only depends on the square of that coupling which is real. A perturbative analysis uncovers that the renormalization group flow of the quartic couplings connects a Gaussian ultraviolet fixed point to a strongly interacting theory in the infrared. This realizes a renormalizable field theory which exhibits non-trivial dynamics, such as direct scattering, while still being analytically tractable also non-perturbatively. Our findings open up a way to address outstanding problems in strongly coupled theories from first principles.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phPRD(2023)·15 citations
30. 30*

    Uncertainties in modelling neutrino interactions for oscillation experiments

    S. Dolan🇨🇭

    Accelerator-based neutrino oscillation experiments have the potential to revolutionise our understanding of fundamental physics, offering an opportunity to characterise charge-parity violation in the lepton section, to determine the neutrino mass ordering and to explore the possibility of physics beyond three-flavour neutrino mixing. However, as more data is collected the current and next-generation of experiments will require increasingly precise control over the systematic uncertainties within their analyses. It is well known that some of the most challenging uncertainties to overcome stem from our uncertain modelling of neutrino-nucleus interactions, arising because measured event rates depend on the neutrino interaction cross section in addition to any oscillation probability. The sources of these uncertainties are often related to subtle details of the pertinent nuclear physics, such as those of the target nucleus ground state, which are extremely difficult to control with sufficient precision. Confronting such uncertainties requires both state-of-art theoretical modelling and precise measurements of neutrino interaction event rates at experiment's near detectors, before oscillations are likely occur. These proceedings will briefly review the role of neutrino interaction systematic uncertainties in current and future measurements of neutrino oscillations.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phPoS(2023)·2 citations
31. 31*

    Bayesian inference of $W$-boson mass

    Aaseesh Rallapalli🇮🇳 · Shantanu Desai🇮🇳

    We use a Bayesian regression technique (similar to a recent analysis by Rinaldi et al) to obtain a central estimate for the $W$-boson mass using four different combinations of datasets compiled by the PDG including the 2022 CDF result. We use three different priors on the unknown intrinsic scatter and also a non-parametric hierarchical Dirichlet Process Gaussian Mixture model to obtain a world average for $W$-boson mass. We also evaluate the statistical significance of the discrepancy with respect to the Standard model for each of the datasets. We find that for all the combination of datasets and the aformentioned prior choices, the discrepancy with respect to the Standard Model value for the $W$-mass is less than 3$\sigma$. We also checked that if we use a narrow prior on the intrinsic scatter, we get a discrepancy of about 3.8$\sigma$ compared to the Standard model value.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phphysics.data-anEPJC(2023)·4 citations
32. 32*

    Thermal Neutrinos from the Explosion of a Minimum-Mass Neutron Star

    A.V. Yudin🇷🇺 · N.V. Dunina-Barkovskaya🇷🇺 · S.I. Blinnikov🇷🇺

    We present our calculations of the thermal neutrino radiation that accompanies the explosion of a minimum-mass neutron star. In this case, the neutrino luminosity is lower than the luminosity during a supernova explosion approximately by five orders of magnitude, while the energy carried away by neutrinos is low compared to the explosion energy. We also show that the energy losses through neutrinos do not hinder the envelope heating and the cumulation of the shock during its breakout and the acceleration of the outer part of the envelope to ultrarelativistic speeds.

    ↳ astro-ph.HEhep-phAstron.Lett.(2022)·3 citations
33. 33*

    Techniques for Solving Static Klein-Gordon Equation with Self-Interaction $\lambda {\varphi }^4$ and Arbitrary Spherical Source Terms

    Peter B. Denton🇺🇸

    The Klein-Gordon equation for a scalar field sourced by a static spherically symmetric background is an interesting second-order differential equation with applications in particle physics, astrophysics, and elsewhere. Here we present static solutions for generic source density profiles in the case where the scalar field has no interactions or a mass term. For a $\lambda {\varphi }^4$ self-interaction term, we develop the techniques that are necessary numerical computation. We also provide code to perform the numerical calculations that can be adapted for arbitrary density profiles.

    ↳ physics.comp-phhep-phphysics.class-phPLB(2024)·8 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.