Wed·Jan 18, 2023Wednesday·January 18, 2023

1. 01*

   Daily and annual modulation rate of low mass dark matter in silicon detectors

   Abolfazl Dinmohammadi🇮🇷 · Matti Heikinheimo🇫🇮 · Nader Mirabolfathi🇺🇸 · Kai Nordlund🇫🇮 · Hossein Safari🇮🇷 · Sebastian Sassi🇫🇮 · Kimmo Tuominen🇫🇮

   Low threshold detectors with single-electron excitation sensitivity to nuclear recoil events in solid-state detectors are also sensitive to the crystalline structure of the target and, therefore, to the recoil direction via the anisotropic energy threshold for defect creation in the detector material. We investigate this effect and the resulting daily and annual modulation of the observable event rate for dark matter mass range from 0.2 to 5 GeV/c${}^2$ in a silicon detector. We show that the directional dependence of the threshold energy and the motion of the laboratory result in modulation of the event rate which can be utilized to enhance the sensitivity of the experiment. We demonstrate that the spin-independent interaction rate in silicon is significant for both high and low dark matter masses. For low-mass dark matter, we show that the average interaction rate in silicon is larger than germanium, making silicon an important target for identifying dark matter from backgrounds. We find 8 and 12 hours periodicity in the time series of event rates for silicon detector due to the 45-degree symmetry in the silicon crystal structure.

   hep-phJ.Phys.G(2024)·5 citations
2. 02*

   Exploring the nature of neutrinos in a dissipative environment

   Chinmay Bera🇮🇳 · K. N. Deepthi🇮🇳

   In this study, we explore the scope of determining the neutrino nature in long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments considering the effect of environmental decoherence in neutrino evolution. Assuming an open quantum system framework, we numerically analyze the two flavor neutrino oscillation probabilities. We observe that the transition probabilities accommodate the Majorana phase in the presence of dissipative environment. Considering this phenomenology, we study the effect of Majorana phase on these probabilities and investigate the sensitivity of T2K, ESSnuSB, NOvA, T2HKK and DUNE to differentiate between Dirac and Majorana neutrinos.

   hep-phEPJC(2025)·4 citations
3. 03*

   Constraining flavour-universal nonstandard interactions and superweak extension of the standard model

   Timo J. Kärkkäinen🇪🇪 · Zoltán Trócsányi🇭🇺

   Nonstandard neutrino interactions (NSI) arising from light and heavy mediators probe different sectors of the parameter space of models focusing on phenomena that require the extension of the standard model. High-energy scattering experiments are not relevant on constraining the NSI hiding a light mediator at the fundamental level, while flavour-universal NSI cannot be probed with neutrino oscillation experiments. Currently the only way to measure flavour-universal NSI with a light mediator is to rely on coherent elastic neutrino-nucleon scattering experiments, which we use to derive bounds for light mediator flavour-universal NSI. For light NSI, we obtain ${\epsilon }^u\in [-14.85,14.79]$ and ${\epsilon }^d\in [-13.19,13.84]$ (90~\% CL.). We also derive constraints on flavour-universal heavy NSI and find a 2$\sigma$ tension. Finally, we discuss the implications of the experiments on the allowed parameter space of a specific example model, called superweak extension of the standard model.

   hep-phPRD(2023)·2 citations
4. 04*

   Antimatter Research: Advances of AEgIS

   Benjamin Rienäcker🇬🇧

   The AEgIS collaboration is underway to directly measure the gravitational free-fall of neutral antimatter atoms. The experiment recently succeded in producing a pulsed cold antihydrogen source for the first time, and has now entered into its second phase, which aims at the formation of a slow antihydrogen beam and subseuqently a first proof-of-concept gravitational measurement. Major upgrades have been made, such as an improved antihydrogen production scheme and a new state-of-the-art antiproton trap. AEgIS was also connected to CERN's new antiproton deceleration facility ELENA and achieved first antiproton catching in late 2021.

   hep-phphysics.atom-ph1 citation
5. 05*

   Stellar Energy Loss Rates from Photoneutrino Process in Minimal Extension Standard Model

   Coskun Aydin🇹🇷

   Using the minimal extension of Standard Model taking into account the charge radius and the anapole moments of neutrino, we have derived analytic expressions for the stellar energy loss rates due to the production of the neutrino pair process $e^{-}+\gamma \to e^{-}+{\nu }_e+\overline{{\nu }_e}$ in a hot plasma for three limiting regimes (nondegenerate, intermediate and degenerate electrons) of temperature, the electron's chemical potential and plasma's energy. Obtained results show that there is approximately extra $10\%$ contribution by using the considered calculations.

   hep-phCPC(2023)·0 citations
6. 06*

   Hadronic molecular states with the quark contents $bc\bar{s}\bar{q}$, $b\bar{c}s\bar{q}$, and $b\bar{c}\bar{s}q$

   Wen-Ying Liu🇨🇳 · Hua-Xing Chen🇨🇳 · En Wang🇨🇳

   We study the hadronic molecular states with the quark content $bc\bar{s}\bar{q}$ by investigating the interactions of the ${\bar{B}}_{s}D$, $\bar{B}{D}_s$, ${\bar{B}}_s^{\ast }D$, ${\bar{B}}^{\ast }{D}_s$, ${\bar{B}}_s{D}^{\ast }$, $\bar{B}{D}_s^{\ast }$, ${\bar{B}}_s^{\ast }{D}^{\ast }$, and ${\bar{B}}^{\ast }{D}_s^{\ast }$ systems. By solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation within the extended local hidden gauge formalism, we find altogether six poles qualifying as possible hadronic molecular states: one pole of $J^P=0^{+}$ below the ${\bar{B}}_{s}D$-$\bar{B}{D}_s$ threshold, one pole of $J^P=1^{+}$ below the ${\bar{B}}_s^{\ast }D$-${\bar{B}}^{\ast }{D}_s$ threshold, one pole of $J^P=1^{+}$ below the ${\bar{B}}_s{D}^{\ast }$-$\bar{B}{D}_s^{\ast }$ threshold, and three poles of $J^P=0^{+}/1^{+}/2^{+}$ below the ${\bar{B}}_s^{\ast }{D}^{\ast }$-${\bar{B}}^{\ast }{D}_s^{\ast }$ threshold. Their binding energies are calculated to be about 10-20 MeV with the cut-off momentum $q_{\text{max}}=600\text{ MeV}$. Similarly, we study the hadronic molecular states with $bs\bar{c}\bar{q}$ by investigating the interactions of the $\bar{B}{\bar{D}}_s$, ${\bar{B}}_c\bar{K}$, ${\bar{B}}^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_s$, ${\bar{B}}_c^{\ast }\bar{K}$, $\bar{B}{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }$, ${\bar{B}}_c{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$, ${\bar{B}}^{\ast }{\bar{D}}_s^{\ast }$, ${\bar{B}}_c^{\ast }{\bar{K}}^{\ast }$ systems, and the states with $bq\bar{c}\bar{s}$ by investigating the interactions of the ${\bar{B}}_s\bar{D}$, ${\bar{B}}_{c}K$, ${\bar{B}}_s^{\ast }\bar{D}$, ${\bar{B}}_c^{\ast }K$, ${\bar{B}}_s{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, ${\bar{B}}_c{K}^{\ast }$, ${\bar{B}}_s^{\ast }{\bar{D}}^{\ast }$, ${\bar{B}}_c^{\ast }{K}^{\ast }$ systems. However, no deeply-bound poles are found in these systems.

   hep-phhep-exPRD(2023)·11 citations
7. 07*

   Lorentz Violation, CPT violation, and Spectroscopy Experiments

   Arnaldo J. Vargas🇺🇸

   This presentation discusses some of the signals for Lorentz violation potentially observable in atomic spectroscopy and clock-comparison experiments. The emphasis of the discussion is on how the angular-momentum quantum numbers of the states involved in the transition determine the properties of the possible sidereal variation of the transition frequency.

   hep-ph0 citations
8. 08*

   Accessing Compton Form Factors at the Electron Ion Collider in China: An Impact study on $\text{Im}\mathcal{E}$

   Xu Cao🇨🇳 · Jinlong Zhang🇨🇳

   We estimate the impact of asymmetry measurements of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) with transversely polarized proton beam taken at a future Electron Ion Collider in China (EicC) on the extraction of Compton Form Factors (CFFs). The CFFs extracted from an analysis based on artificial neural-network approach are reweighted by means of pseudo-data generated in the expected kinematic region of EicC. We find a remarkable improvement in the extraction of CFF $\text{Im}\mathcal{E}$, especially at the range of parton momentum fraction $x\sim$ 0.01, thus hinting for a future experimental probe of the parton orbital angular momentum. This work casts a glance at a practical implementation of Bayesian reweighting method on CFFs' impact study.

   hep-phnucl-thEPJC(2023)·8 citations
9. 09*

   Tri-bimaximal-Cabibbo Mixing: Flavour violations in the charged lepton sector

   Mathew Thomas Arun🇮🇳 · Anirudhan A. Madathil🇮🇳

   The well understood structure of $U_{pmns}$ matrix mandates a Cabibbo mixing matrix in the first two generations of the charged lepton sector if we assume Tri-bimaximal mixing in the neutrino sector. This ansatz, called Tri-bimaximal-Cabibbo mixing, is ruled out immediately by the experiments searching for charged lepton flavour violating currents. In this article, we aim to show that the resurrection of the theoretically well motivated Tri-bimaximal mixing scenario comes naturally within Minimal Flavour Violation hypothesis in the lepton sector. We analyse the flavour violating currents $\mu \to eee$, $\mu Ti\to eTi$, $\mu \to e\gamma$, ${\pi }^0\to e^{+}{\mu }^{-}$ and $K_L\to {\mu }^{+}{e}^{-}$ in this scenario and show that the New Physics that generates mixing among the charged lepton could lie within the reach of hadron colliders. In the minimal field content scenario, though the most stringent constrain on New Physics is $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(10$ TeV) for maximal coupling, considering more natural couplings relaxes it to $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(4$ TeV). On the other hand, New Physics with the extended field content is even more strongly constrained to $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(75$ TeV) for maximal coupling, while it gets relaxed to $\gtrsim \mathcal{O}(31$ TeV) for natural scenario.

   hep-phEPJC(2023)·0 citations
10. 10*

    Revisiting $B\to K^{(\ast )}\nu \bar{\nu }$ decays in the Standard Model and beyond

    Damir Bečirević🇫🇷 · Gioacchino Piazza🇫🇷 · Olcyr Sumensari🇫🇷

    In this letter we revisit the Standard Model predictions for $\mathcal{B}(B\to K^{(\ast )}\nu \bar{\nu })$ and discuss the opportunities that open up when combining its partial decay rate with that of $B\to K^{(\ast )}\ell \ell$. In the Standard Model a suitable ratio of these two modes can be used to extract $C_9^{\mathrm{eff}}$, which is essential for a reliable phenomenological analysis of the $B\to K^{(\ast )}\ell \ell$ angular observables. The same ratio also proves to be more sensitive to the presence of New Physics in many plausible extensions of the Standard Model. We also suggest that the separate measurement of $\mathcal{B}(B\to K\nu \bar{\nu })$ for high and for low $q^2$'s can be helpful for testing the assumed shape of the vector form factor, because the lattice QCD data are obtained at high $q^2$'s, whereas the low $q^2$ region is obtained through an extrapolation.

    hep-phhep-exEPJC(2023)·118 citations
11. 11*

    EFT analysis of New Physics at COHERENT

    Víctor Bresó-Pla🇪🇸 · Adam Falkowski🇫🇷 · Martín González-Alonso🇪🇸 · Kevin Monsálvez-Pozo🇪🇸

    Using an effective field theory approach, we study coherent neutrino scattering on nuclei, in the setup pertinent to the COHERENT experiment. We include non-standard effects both in neutrino production and detection, with an arbitrary flavor structure, with all leading Wilson coefficients simultaneously present, and without assuming factorization in flux times cross section. A concise description of the COHERENT event rate is obtained by introducing three generalized weak charges, which can be associated (in a certain sense) to the production and scattering of ${\nu }_e$, ${\nu }_{\mu }$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }$ on the nuclear target. Our results are presented in a convenient form that can be trivially applied to specific New Physics scenarios. In particular, we find that existing COHERENT measurements provide percent level constraints on two combinations of Wilson coefficients. These constraints have a visible impact on the global SMEFT fit, even in the constrained flavor-blind setup. The improvement, which affects certain 4-fermion LLQQ operators, is significantly more important in a flavor-general SMEFT. Our work shows that COHERENT data should be included in electroweak precision studies from now on.

    hep-phhep-exJHEP(2023)·42 citations
12. 12*

    Many-body neutrino flavor entanglement in a simple dynamic model

    Joshua D. Martin🇺🇸 · A. Roggero🇮🇹 · Huaiyu Duan🇺🇸 · J. Carlson🇺🇸

    Dense neutrino gases form in extreme astrophysical sites, and the flavor content of the neutrinos likely has an important impact on the subsequent dynamical evolution of their environment. Through coherent forward scattering among neutrinos, the flavor content of the gas evolves under a time-dependent potential which can be modeled in a quantum many-body formalism as an all-to-all coupled spin-spin interaction. This two-body potential generically introduces entanglement and greatly complicates the study of these systems. In this work we study the evolution of the quantum many-body problem as well as the typically employed mean-field approximation to it for a small number of neutrinos ($N=16$). We consider randomly chosen one- and two-body couplings in the Hamiltonian, and the resulting evolution of several initial product states. We subsequently compare many-body and mean-field predictions for one-body observables, and we consider one- and two-body entanglement to assess under what conditions the many-body and mean-field predictions are likely to disagree. Except for a special category of prototypical initial conditions, we find that the typically employed mean-field approximation is insufficient to capture the evolution of one-body operators in the systems we consider. We also observe a loss of coherence in one- and two-body trace-reduced subsystems which suggests that the evolution may be well approximated as a classical mixture of separable states.

    hep-phastro-ph.HEnucl-th30 citations
13. 13*

    Testing heavy neutral leptons produced in the supernovae explosions with future neutrino detectors

    Vsevolod Syvolap🇳🇱

    Hypothetical particles called heavy neutral leptons (HNLs) can be produced in large quantities in the cores of supernovae during the first seconds of the explosion. These particles then decay, producing secondary energetic neutrinos that can be detected by neutrino detectors. In this paper, I identify a region of the HNL parameter space that could be tested using this method, assuming a supernova explosion at distances from 0.2 to 10 kpc. The range of HNLs masses $m_N\sim 160-700$ MeV and lifetimes of ${\tau }_N\gtrsim 0.02$ seconds can be probed using the Hyper-Kamiokande neutrino detector. This region of the parameter space is complementary to existing bounds from primordial nucleosynthesis and to the expected sensitivity of the future SHiP experiment, thus covering a gap in our current knowledge of HNLs up to masses of $m_N\simeq 400$ MeV.

    hep-phastro-ph.HE12 citations
14. 14*

    Top-quark FCNC decays, LFVs, lepton $g-2$, and $W$ mass anomaly with inert charged Higgses

    Chuan-Hung Chen🇹🇼 · Cheng-Wei Chiang🇹🇼 · Chun-Wei Su🇹🇼

    The observed flavor-changing neutral-current (FCNC) processes in the standard model (SM) arise from the loop diagrams involving the weak charged currents mediated by the $W$-gauge boson. Nevertheless, the top-quark FCNCs and lepton-flavor violating processes resulting from the same mechanism are highly suppressed. We investigate possible new physics effects that can enhance the suppressed FCNC processes, such as $t\to q(h,V)$ with $V=\gamma ,Z,g$, $h\to \ell {\ell }^{\prime }$, and $\ell \to {\ell }^{\prime }\gamma$. To achieve the assumption that the induced-FCNCs are all from quantum loops, we consider the scotogenic mechanism, where a $Z_2$ symmetry is introduced and only new particles carry an odd $Z_2$ parity. With the extension of the SM to include an inert Higgs doublet, an inert charged Higgs singlet, a vector-like singlet quark, and two neutral leptons, it is found that, with relevant constraints taken into account, the $t\to c(h,Z)$, $h\to \mu \tau$, and $\tau \to \ell \gamma$ decays can be enhanced up to the expected sensitivities in experiments. The branching ratios of $h\to {\mu }^{+}{\mu }^{-}/{\tau }^{+}{\tau }^{-}$ from only new physics effects can reach up to $\mathcal{O}(10^{-3})$. Intriguingly, the resulting muon $g-2$ can fit the combined data within $2\sigma$ errors, whereas the electron $g-2$ can have either sign with a magnitude of $\mathcal{O}(10^{-13}-10^{-12})$. In addition, we examine the oblique parameters in the model and find that the resulting $W$-mass anomaly observed by CDF II can be accommodated.

    hep-phhep-exJ.Phys.G(2024)·16 citations
15. 15*

    Impact of QED backgrounds on light-by-light scattering measurements at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ and $e^{-}{e}^{-}$ colliders

    K.I. Beloborodov (1 and 2)🇷🇺 · T.A. Kharlamova (1 and 2)🇷🇺 · V.I. Telnov (1 and 2) ((1) Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia, (2) Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia)🇷🇺

    The process of elastic scattering of photons ($\gamma \gamma \to \gamma \gamma$, light-by-light scattering) has attracted significant interest in recent years as a loop-induced process sensitive to all charged particles. To date, this process has been studied through Delbrück scattering, photon splitting in the nuclear Coulomb field, and ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions at the LHC. Future precision measurements are anticipated at high-luminosity $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders (SuperKEKb, FCC, CEPC, ILC, CLIC), their $e^{-}{e}^{-}$ options, and $\gamma \gamma$ colliders based on the backscattering of laser photons. In this paper, we show that background QED processes severely limit the study of elastic light-by-light scattering at $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ colliders. For the $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ case, the main background arises from $e^{+}{e}^{-}$ annihilation into two photons within the detector acceptance after the initial electron and positron emit hard ISR photons at small angles. Since only two photons with a small total transverse momentum are registered in the detector in both cases, this process effectively mimics the $\gamma \gamma \to \gamma \gamma$ signal with a significantly larger cross section at high invariant masses. Other relevant background QED processes for both types of collisions are also comprehensively analyzed and discussed.

    hep-phhep-exphysics.acc-phEPJC(2026)·6 citations
16. 16*

    Heavy Neutral Leptons at Muon Colliders

    Peiran Li🇺🇸 · Zhen Liu🇺🇸 · Kun-Feng Lyu🇺🇸

    The future high-energy muon colliders, featuring both high energy and low background, could play a critical role in our searches for new physics. The smallness of neutrino mass is a puzzle of particle physics. Broad classes of solutions to the neutrino puzzles can be best tested by seeking the partners of SM light neutrinos, dubbed as heavy neutral leptons (HNLs), at muon colliders. We can parametrize HNLs in terms of the mass $m_N$ and the mixing angle with $\ell$-flavor $U_{\ell }$. In this work, we focus on the regime $m_N>O(100)$ GeV and study the projected sensitivities on the $|U_{\ell }{|}^2-m_N$ plane with the full-reconstructable HNL decay into a hadronic $W$ and a charged lepton. The projected reach in $|U_{\ell }{|}^2$ leads to the best sensitivities in the TeV realm.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·69 citations
17. 17*

    Testing Heavy Neutral Leptons in Cosmic Ray Beam Dump experiments

    Oliver Fischer🇬🇧 · Baibhab Pattnaik🇪🇸 · José Zurita🇪🇸

    In this work, we discuss the possibility to test Heavy Neutral Leptons (HNLs) using $‘‘$Cosmic Ray Beam Dump$"$ experiments. In analogy with terrestrial beam dump experiments, where a beam first hits a target and is then absorbed by a shield, we consider high-energy incident cosmic rays impinging on the Earth's atmosphere and then the Earth's surface. We focus here on HNL production from atmospherically produced kaon, pion and $D$-meson decays, and discuss the possible explanation of the appearing Cherenkov showers observed by the SHALON Cherenkov telescope and the ultra-high energy events detected by the neutrino experiment ANITA. We show that these observations can not be explained with a long-lived HNL, as the relevant parameter space is excluded by existing constraints. Then we propose two new experimental setups that are inspired by these experiments, namely a Cherenkov telescope pointing at the horizon and shielded by the mountain cliff at Mount Thor, and a geostationary satellite that observes part of the Sahara desert. We show that the Cherenkov telescope at Mount Thor can probe currently untested HNL parameter space for masses below the kaon mass. We also show that the geostationary satellite experiment can significantly increase the HNL parameter space coverage in the whole mass range from 10 MeV up to 2 GeV and test neutrino mixing $|U_{\alpha 4}{|}^2$ down to $10^{-11}$ for masses around 300 MeV.

    hep-phJHEP(2023)·4 citations
18. 18*

    Search for CPT and Lorentz Invariance Violation in the Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab

    B. Mitra🇺🇸

    Muon g-2 data can be used to study sidereal variation of anomalous muon precession rate, which is one of the important signatures of CPT and Lorentz invariance violation. The discussion in this proceeding will focus on the framework which has been used to study sidereal variation of anomalous muon precession rate in Muon g-2 Run 2 data. Also, a brief introduction will be given about the blinding framework which will be used on Run 2/3 data of Muon g-2 experiment. This blinding framework will keep the actual result of the experiment masked from the analyzer during the analysis process.

    hep-ph2 citations
19. 19*

    EPiC-GAN: Equivariant Point Cloud Generation for Particle Jets

    Erik Buhmann🇩🇪 · Gregor Kasieczka🇩🇪 · Jesse Thaler🇺🇸

    With the vast data-collecting capabilities of current and future high-energy collider experiments, there is an increasing demand for computationally efficient simulations. Generative machine learning models enable fast event generation, yet so far these approaches are largely constrained to fixed data structures and rigid detector geometries. In this paper, we introduce EPiC-GAN - equivariant point cloud generative adversarial network - which can produce point clouds of variable multiplicity. This flexible framework is based on deep sets and is well suited for simulating sprays of particles called jets. The generator and discriminator utilize multiple EPiC layers with an interpretable global latent vector. Crucially, the EPiC layers do not rely on pairwise information sharing between particles, which leads to a significant speed-up over graph- and transformer-based approaches with more complex relation diagrams. We demonstrate that EPiC-GAN scales well to large particle multiplicities and achieves high generation fidelity on benchmark jet generation tasks.

    hep-phcs.LGhep-exphysics.data-anSciPost Phys.(2023)·68 citations
20. 20*

    Report of the 2021 U.S. Community Study on the Future of Particle Physics (Snowmass 2021) Summary Chapter

    Joel N. Butler (1)🇺🇸 · R. Sekhar Chivukula (2)🇺🇸 · André de Gouvêa (3)🇺🇸 · Tao Han (4)🇺🇸 · Young-Kee Kim (5)🇺🇸 · Priscilla Cushman (6)🇺🇸 · Glennys R. Farrar (7)🇺🇸 · Yury G. Kolomensky (8)🇺🇸 · Sergei Nagaitsev (1)🇺🇸 · Nicolás Yunes (9)🇺🇸 · Stephen Gourlay (10)🇺🇸 · Tor Raubenheimer (11)🇺🇸 and 31 other authors

    The 2021-22 High-Energy Physics Community Planning Exercise (a.k.a. ``Snowmass 2021'') was organized by the Division of Particles and Fields of the American Physical Society. Snowmass 2021 was a scientific study that provided an opportunity for the entire U.S. particle physics community, along with its international partners, to identify the most important scientific questions in High Energy Physics for the following decade, with an eye to the decade after that, and the experiments, facilities, infrastructure, and R&D needed to pursue them. This Snowmass summary report synthesizes the lessons learned and the main conclusions of the Community Planning Exercise as a whole and presents a community-informed synopsis of U.S. particle physics at the beginning of 2023. This document, along with the Snowmass reports from the various subfields, will provide input to the 2023 Particle Physics Project Prioritization Panel (P5) subpanel of the U.S. High-Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP), and will help to guide and inform the activity of the U.S. particle physics community during the next decade and beyond.

    ↳ hep-exhep-lathep-phhep-th+130 citations
21. 21*

    Transient Acceleration after Non-minimal M-flation Preheating

    Amjad Ashoorioon🇮🇷 · Kazem Rezazadeh🇮🇷

    Light massive preheat fields acquire a non-vanishing dispersion during parametric resonance from their quantum particle production. This in turn will modify the inflaton potential, which in some cases can induce a transient period of acceleration. We illustrate this phenomenon in the setup of non-supersymmetric non-minimal M-flation (non-$\mathbb{M}$-flation) which has some motivations from the brane compactifications in string theory. Implementing a lattice simulation by the LATTICEEASY code, we compute the potential correction term in our scenario and show that the modified term indeed causes the universe to make a transition from the decelerated expansion to a temporary phase of acceleration. The correction term reduces to some extent the number density of the particles generated during preheating, but the efficiency of preheating remains still enough to have successful particle production after inflation. We also compute the spectrum of the gravitational waves (GWs) generated during preheating in our setup by using the LATTICEEASY code. Although the peak frequency remains almost the same, the inclusion of the correction term reduces the amplitude of the gravitational spectrum by almost one order of magnitude.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phJCAP(2023)·0 citations
22. 22*

    Tracking the Local Group Dynamics by Extended Gravity

    David Benisty🇬🇧 · Salvatore Capozziello🇮🇹

    The Local Group (LG) of galaxies, modeled as a two body problem, is sensitive to cosmological contributions like those related to the presence of a cosmological constant $\Lambda$ into dynamics. Here we study the LG dynamics in the context of Extended Theories of Gravity like $f(R)$ gravity considered as dark energy and dark matter contributions. In the first approach, we perturb the dark energy effect considering a Yukawa-like interaction that naturally emerges from $f(R)$ gravity in the weak field limit. We assume the mass of LG from simulations and, from this, derive constraints on the Yukawa couplings: $\alpha <0.581$ and $m_{grav}<5.095\cdot 10^{-26}eV/c^2$. In the second part, considering a minimal extension of General Relativity, i.e. $f(R)\sim R^{1+ϵ}$, with $|ϵ|\ll 1$, we investigate the possibility that it replaces dark matter as a MOND-like theory. We find that there is a value of the parameter $\beta$ (derived starting from $ϵ$) which gives a minimal value for the LG mass. Moreover, this particular potential allows to calculate the ratio of dark matter and baryonic matter for the LG to be. We show that this ratio could falsify MOND-like theories.

    ↳ astro-ph.GAastro-ph.COgr-qchep-phPhys.Dark Univ.(2023)·16 citations
23. 23*

    Joint constraints on cosmological parameters using future multi-band gravitational wave standard siren observations

    Shang-Jie Jin🇺🇸 · Shuang-Shuang Xing🇺🇸 · Yue Shao🇺🇸 · Jing-Fei Zhang🇺🇸 · Xin Zhang🇺🇸

    Gravitational waves (GWs) from the compact binary coalescences can be used as standard sirens to explore the cosmic expansion history. In the next decades, it is anticipated that we could obtain the multi-band GW standard siren data (from nanohertz to a few hundred hertz), which are expected to play an important role in cosmological parameter estimation. In this work, we give for the first time the joint constraints on cosmological parameters using the future multi-band GW standard siren observations. We simulate the multi-band GW standard sirens based on the SKA-era pulsar timing array (PTA), the Taiji observatory, and the Cosmic Explorer (CE) to perform cosmological analysis. In the $\Lambda$CDM model, we find that the joint PTA+Taiji+CE data could provide a tight constraint on the Hubble constant with a $0.5\%$ precision. Moreover, PTA+Taiji+CE could break the cosmological parameter degeneracies generated by CMB, especially in the dynamical dark energy models. When combining the PTA+Taiji+CE data with the CMB data, the constraint precisions of ${\Omega }_{\mathrm{m}}$ and $H_0$ are $1.0\%$ and $0.3\%$, meeting the standard of precision cosmology. The joint CMB+PTA+Taiji+CE data give $\sigma (w)=0.028$ in the $w$CDM model and $\sigma (w_0)=0.11$ and $\sigma (w_a)=0.32$ in the $w_0{w}_a$CDM model, which are comparable with or close to the latest constraint results by CMB+BAO+SN. In conclusion, it is worth expecting to use the future multi-band GW observations to explore the nature of dark energy and measure the Hubble constant.

    ↳ astro-ph.COgr-qchep-phCPC(2023)·37 citations
24. 24*

    Low-energy constants in the chiral Lagrangian with baryon octet and decuplet fields from Lattice QCD data on CLS ensembles

    Matthias F.M. Lutz🇩🇪 · Yonggoo Heo🇩🇪 · Xiao-Yu Guo🇨🇳

    We perform an analysis of Lattice QCD data on baryon octet and decuplet masses based on the chiral SU(3) Lagrangian. Low-energy constants (LEC) are adjusted to describe baryon masses from a large set of CLS ensembles, where finite-box and discretization effects are considered. The set is successfully compared against previous Lattice QCD data from ensembles generated with distinct QCD actions by the ETMC, QCDSF-UKQCD and HSC groups. Discretization effects are modelled by the use of action and lattice-scale dependent leading orders LEC, where uniform values are imposed in the limit of vanishing lattice scales. From the CLS data set we extract a pion-nucleon sigma term, ${\sigma }_{\pi N}=58.7(1.2)$ MeV, compatible with its empirical value and a sizeable strangeness content of the nucleon with ${\sigma }_{sN}=-316(76)$ MeV.

    ↳ hep-lathep-phEPJC(2023)·14 citations
25. 25*

    On the Interaction between Ultralight Bosons and Quantum-Corrected Black Holes

    Rong-Zhen Guo🇨🇳 · Chen Yuan🇨🇳 · Qing-Guo Huang🇨🇳

    Both ultralight dark matter and exploring the quantum nature of black holes are all topics of great interest in gravitational wave astronomy at present. The superradiant instability allows an exotic compact object (ECO) to be surrounded by an ultralight boson cloud, which leads to the emission of gravitational waves and further triggers rich dynamical effects. In this paper, we study the gravitational effects of superradiant instabilities by calculating the energy fluxes of gravitational waves emitted from ultralight scalar dark matter fields by solving the Teukolsky equation in the background of a massive ECO phenomenologically described by a Kerr geometry with a reflective boundary condition at its physical boundary. We find that both the amplitude and phase of the reflectivity will either suppress or enhance the energy flux of GWs by several orders of magnitude if $M\mu \gtrsim 0.5$ where $M$ and $\mu$ are the mass of ECO and boson, respectively. However, the modifications to energy flux are negligible if $M\mu \lesssim 0.5$. Our results suggest that reflectivity will play a significant role in the near-horizon physics of ECO.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thJCAP(2023)·6 citations
26. 26*

    Backreaction in cosmic screening approach

    Maxim Eingorn · Brianna O'Briant · Adjaratou Diouf · Alexander Zhuk🇩🇪

    We investigate the backreaction of nonlinear perturbations on the global evolution of the Universe within the cosmic screening approach. To this end, we have considered the second-order scalar perturbations. An analytical study of these perturbations followed by a numerical evaluation shows that, first, the corresponding average values have a negligible backreaction effect on the Friedmann equations and, second, the second-order correction to the gravitational potential is much less than the first-order quantity. Consequently, the expansion of perturbations into orders of smallness in the cosmic screening approach is correct.

    ↳ gr-qcastro-ph.COhep-phhep-thPLB(2023)·0 citations
27. 27*

    A Geometric Approach to the Yang-Mills Mass Gap

    Puskar Mondal🇺🇸

    I provide a new idea based on geometric analysis to obtain a positive mass gap in pure non-abelian renormalizable Yang-Mills theory. The orbit space, that is the space of connections of Yang-Mills theory modulo gauge transformations, is equipped with a Riemannian metric that naturally arises from the kinetic part of reduced classical action and admits a positive definite sectional curvature. The corresponding regularized \textit{Bakry-Émery} Ricci curvature (if positive) is shown to produce a mass gap for $2+1$ and $3+1$ dimensional Yang-Mills theory assuming the existence of a quantized Yang-Mills theory on $({\mathbb{R}}^{1+2},\eta )$ and $({\mathbb{R}}^{1+3},\eta )$, respectively. My result on the gap calculation, described at least as a heuristic one, applies to non-abelian Yang-Mills theory with any compact semi-simple Lie group in the aforementioned dimensions. In $2+1$ dimensions, the square of the Yang-Mils coupling constant $g_{YM}^2$ has the dimension of mass, and therefore the spectral gap of the Hamiltonian is essentially proportional to $g_{YM}^2$ with proportionality constant being purely numerical as expected. Due to the dimensional restriction on $3+1$ dimensional Yang-Mills theory, it seems one ought to introduce a length scale to obtain an energy scale. It turns out that a certain `trace' operation on the infinite-dimensional geometry naturally introduces a length scale that has to be fixed by measuring the energy of the lowest glu-ball state. However, this remains to be understood in a rigorous way.

    ↳ hep-thhep-phmath-phmath.MPJHEP(2023)·5 citations
28. 28*

    ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}^{+}$ polarimetry using the dominant hadronic mode

    LHCb collaboration

    The polarimeter vector field for multibody decays of a spin-half baryon is introduced as a generalisation of the baryon asymmetry parameters. Using a recent amplitude analysis of the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decay performed at the LHCb experiment, we compute the distribution of the kinematic-dependent polarimeter vector for this process in the space of Mandelstam variables to express the polarised decay rate in a model-agnostic form. The obtained representation can facilitate polarisation measurements of the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}^{+}$ baryon and eases inclusion of the ${\Lambda }_{\mathrm{c}}^{+}\to p{K}^{-}{\pi }^{+}$ decay mode in hadronic amplitude analyses.

    ↳ hep-exhep-phJHEP(2023)·12 citations
29. 29*

    Closed-Form Formulae for Inflation Correlators

    Zhehan Qin🇨🇳 · Zhong-Zhi Xianyu🇨🇳

    We derive exact and closed-form expressions for a large class of two-point and three-point inflation correlators with the tree-level exchange of a single massive particle. The intermediate massive particle is allowed to have arbitrary mass, spin, chemical potential, and arbitrary nonderivative or derivative couplings to external inflaton modes. We also allow the coupling coefficients to have arbitrary complex power dependences on the conformal time. Our results feature closed-form expressions involving only familiar special functions and without any infinite sums. This is achieved by an improved bootstrap method with a suitable change of variables. Our results cover a wide range of cosmological collider models and can be directly used for future phenomenological studies. Our results can also be used as basic building blocks for constructing more complicated inflation correlators.

    ↳ hep-thastro-ph.COhep-phJHEP(2023)·69 citations
30. 30*

    A stringy massive double copy

    Dieter Lust🇩🇪 · Chrysoula Markou🇧🇪 · Pouria Mazloumi🇩🇪 · Stephan Stieberger🇩🇪

    We derive a massive double copy construction within string theory. To this end, we use massive vectors of the open string spectrum that appear in compactifications to four dimensions and construct massive spin-2 tensors as closed string states, thereby mimicking the structure of the massless graviton. We then compute three-point amplitudes for the scattering of massless and massive spin-2 closed string states and reveal the double copy structure of the latter. With these results being finite in the string scale, we are further able to reproduce the cubic Lagrangian of ghost-free bimetric theory around flat spacetime for bulk massive spin-2 states originating in products of vectors of extended brane supersymmetry.

    ↳ hep-thgr-qchep-phJHEP(2023)·16 citations
31. 31*

    Mineral Detection of Neutrinos and Dark Matter. A Whitepaper

    Sebastian Baum🇺🇸 · Patrick Stengel🇮🇹 · Natsue Abe🇯🇵 · Javier F. Acevedo🇺🇸 · Gabriela R. Araujo🇨🇭 · Yoshihiro Asahara🇯🇵 · Frank Avignone🇺🇸 · Levente Balogh🇨🇦 · Laura Baudis🇨🇭 · Yilda Boukhtouchen🇨🇦 · Joseph Bramante🇨🇦 · Pieter Alexander Breur🇺🇸 and 57 other authors

    Minerals are solid state nuclear track detectors - nuclear recoils in a mineral leave latent damage to the crystal structure. Depending on the mineral and its temperature, the damage features are retained in the material from minutes (in low-melting point materials such as salts at a few hundred degrees C) to timescales much larger than the 4.5 Gyr-age of the Solar System (in refractory materials at room temperature). The damage features from the $O(50)$ MeV fission fragments left by spontaneous fission of ${}^{238}$U and other heavy unstable isotopes have long been used for fission track dating of geological samples. Laboratory studies have demonstrated the readout of defects caused by nuclear recoils with energies as small as $O(1)$ keV. This whitepaper discusses a wide range of possible applications of minerals as detectors for $E_R\gtrsim O(1)$ keV nuclear recoils: Using natural minerals, one could use the damage features accumulated over $O(10)$ Myr$-O(1)$ Gyr to measure astrophysical neutrino fluxes (from the Sun, supernovae, or cosmic rays interacting with the atmosphere) as well as search for Dark Matter. Using signals accumulated over months to few-years timescales in laboratory-manufactured minerals, one could measure reactor neutrinos or use them as Dark Matter detectors, potentially with directional sensitivity. Research groups in Europe, Asia, and America have started developing microscopy techniques to read out the $O(1)-O(100)$ nm damage features in crystals left by $O(0.1)-O(100)$ keV nuclear recoils. We report on the status and plans of these programs. The research program towards the realization of such detectors is highly interdisciplinary, combining geoscience, material science, applied and fundamental physics with techniques from quantum information and Artificial Intelligence.

    ↳ astro-ph.IMastro-ph.COastro-ph.HEhep-ex+1Phys.Dark Univ.(2023)·37 citations

* Reconstructed cohort: no mailing for this day survives in the archive. Papers are grouped by their submission times and arXiv's announcement cut-off, assuming announcement without delay; positions follow identifier order. Validated at ~91% exact-day agreement against the archived era.